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369 june, I892. MODERN LANGUAGE NOTES. Vol. vii, No. 6. 370cording to Celani, she had an affectionwhichwe may believe sincere, may serve as anexample.

xliii.Se ben pietosa madreunico figlioperde talora, e nuovo, alto dolorele preme il tristo suspirosocore,spera cenforto lmen, spera consiglio.St scaltro capitano in granperiglio,mostrandoalteramente l suo valore,resta vinto e prigion, pera uscir fuorequando che sia con baldanzoso ciglio.S'in tempestosomargiuntosi duolespaventato nocchier giApresso a morteha speme ancor di rivedersi n porto.Ma io, s'avvien che perda il mio bel sole,o per mia colpa, o per malvagia sorte,nonspero aver, nb voglio, alcun conforto.

xlv.Ov'6 (miserame) quell'aureo crinedi cui fe'reteper pigliarmiAmoreov'L%lassa) il bel viso, onde l'ardorenasce, che mena la mia vita al fineOve son quelle luci alte e divinein cui dolce si vive e insiememore?ov'6 la bianca man, che lo mio corestringendo punse con acute spine ?Ove suonan l'angeliche parole,ch'in tinmomentomi dan mortee vita?u'i cari sguardi, u' le manierebelle?Ove luce ora il vivo almo mio sole,con cui dolce destinmi venne in sorte

quanto mai piovve da benignestelle?Sig. Celani, in a very nteresting ntroductoryessay, has gathered togetherall that is known,or that, perhaps, we care to know about thislater Aspasia. He also promises to piiblishthe rime of " theanitithesis ofthe fairTullia,Veronica Franco, of whom he says:"Iessa 6 l'incarnazione della donna libera delcinquecento ed i l'unica che canti liberamentei suoi amori: non s'informa a platonismo ocastitAirrisoria,ama per amare e soddisfare isensi, e i suoi liberi amplessi, etc.,"and doubtless the bibliofili senza numero areanxiously looking forward to the appearanceofthe rime of the frailVeronica; and there isa danger ahead, lest the two hundred and twocopies in which the volumes in the Sce/la diCuriosit4i Let/erarie appear, may not goround. H. A. RENNERT.Unciversityf Pennsylvania.

GOE THE.Einfihrung in Goethes Meisterwerke. Se-lections from Goethe's Poetical and ProseWorks, with copious Biographical, Critical,and Explanatory Notes, a Vocabulary of

DifficultWords and an Introductioncontain-ing a Life of Goethe, by Dr. WILHELM BERN-HIARDT. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co. I891.8vo, pp. Xii, 275.THIs book is Dr. Bernhardt's answer to theperplexing question how best to present tothe student a symmetricaland fairly epresen-tative pictureofthemany-sided literary ctivi-tyof not only the greatest, but also the mostvoluminous classical writer of Germany. Inhis search for text-book suitable as a guidein a systematic literary study of Goethe'sworks, the author found the second volume ofA. Liiben's 'Auswahl CharakteristischerDich-tungen und Prosastucke zur Eiiifihrung in diedeutsche Litteratur' best adapted to his re-quirements. Actual use in the classroom ofthesixty pages ofthisworkdevoted to Goethe,suggested additions, from time to time, ofomitted poems, and extension of some of thebrieferepic and dramatic selections, with ac-companying biographical, literary nd criticalnotes, until the almost doubled bulk of theresulting material suggested the publicationof this IntroductiontoGoethe's Masterworks.'The subject-matter,consisting of forty-twospecimens ofGoethe's epic, lyric, nd dramaticpoetry, and extracts fromhis Italian corres-pondetnce as well as from his biographicaland historical prose, is wisely chosen. Thesespecimens, either complete in themselves or,when fragmentary, mple enough to give anadequate idea of theworks represented,sup-plemented by skillfullyworded summaries ofomitted passages taken chieflyfrom he com-mentaries of Luben, Viehoff, Duntzer, Gude,Mulnckwitz,nd Vilmar, are well adopted tothe purpose of leading the student to an in-telligent appreciation of the greatness andversatilityofGoethe's genius.The text of the selections is based upon thatof Goedeke's critical Goethe Edition, modi-fied in accordance with the new orthography.The position at the end of the book of allmere word or phrase explanations prepares us

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37I June, 1892. MODERN LANGGUAGE NOTES. Vol. vii, No. 6. 372for the prevailingly literary character of thecommentary. The latter,undersuch captionsas, 'Inhalt,' 'Grundgedanke,' 'Form,' 'Quel-le,' ' Litterarhistorisches,'reveals inthe editora keen literaryperception, a finesense ofpro-portion,and the sure touch of a man whoseexpression is dictated by the successful ex-perience of his own classroom. Marginalnotes serve the double purpose of indicating,at a glance, the arrangementofsubject-matter,and of furnishing onvenienttopics fororal orwritten discussion on the part of pupils, as atest of the thoroughness of their work. Illus-trativequotations of similarpoems by Goetheand others, expressive of thesame or kindredmoods, is an admirable featureof the editor'scommentsupon Nos. 6, io and I2. The liter-ary notes are well calculated to stimulate,inthe real student, a desire for a thorough andcomprehensive studyofGerman literature.Chronological arrangementof the material,accurate indication of the chief sources, andimmediate occasion of each work, carefulanalyses and summaries of omitted portionsof the poems presented, brief but sufficientconsideration of the metrical formof the lyricand epic numbers, Dr. Bernhardt's own sug-gestive criticisms,with his quotation of thecharacteristicutterancesofEnglish and Ameri-can critics like Carlyle, Taylor, Boyesen,Lewes, and Emerson, and the 'Einleitung,'including a clear and succinct account ofGoethe's 'Leben und Werke,' are among themany excellencies of the book that renderit aworthy companion of the very best editorialwork yet done in America in the field ofmodern languages.Earnest teachers will cordially welcome thisunique contribution o the means ofeffectivelystudyingGoethe in our schools and colleges.May its success encourage the author to putus under further bligation to himby a similarpresentationofother-classicalGerman writers!As it is primarily ntended forthe use ofreallyadvanced students of German, it seems to medesirable that a host of simple word-trans-lations, easily supplied byany good dictionary,should be omitted in a second edition fromthe notes at the end of the volume.The followingslighterrorshave been noted:p. I5, i, read, 'Kniee' for Knieen'; p. I6, 2,

omit 'the'; p. 30, 5, read ' sensuous ' for' sensual'; p. 35, 26, read, 'from time imme-morial ; p. 43, 2, read 'was erected' for 'hasbeen erected '; p. 46, I, read 'no sooner saidthan done'; p. 6o, 24, fails to show Goethe'serror n derivingthe name ofthe carriage fromthe (supposed) place of ts manufacture, ratherthan from he appearance of Emperor JosephI. in such a vehicle at thesiege ofLandau, I702(Diintzer); p. 73, 33, read 'by time' for ' bythe time'; p. 94, I, read 'tragedy' for'dragedy'; 132, 3, read 'replaced ' for ' substi-tuted'; p. 151, 27, read 'eradicate' or 'ex-tinguiish' instead of 'abrogate'; p. 185, II,read 'should' for would'; In the text, p.I40, 5, read soll/est for salltest.STARR W. CUTTING.Ear//zamCollege.

MIDDLE ENGLISH LITERA TURlE.Pearl: an English Poem of the F'ourteenthCentury. Edited witha Modern Renderingby ISRAEL GOLLANCZ, M. A., of Christ'sCollege, Cambridge. London: David Nutt,i89i. 8vo, pp. Iii, I42.MR. Gollancz agrees with previotuscritics inregarding the poems found in the CottonMS. Nero. A. x.,-" Pearl," "Cleann-ess,""Patience," and "Gawain and the GreenKnight"-as the works of one author. Heproposes to determine an approximate datefor " Gawain " (and so relatively for theother poems of the group) in a new way.The editor believes that the incident afterGawain's return,of Arthur's commaniding allthe knightsto wear a green girdle, has refer-ence to the establishment of the Order of theGarter. The only external evidence adducedin support of this opinion is that a later handhas written t the end of the MS. of the poemthe motto of the Order; and that in a ballad(see ' Percy Ballads') founded on this poem,the incident is given as the originofthe Orderof the Bath,-the writerbeing "aware of itsoriginal application, but wishing to make hisballad topical." Another bit of evidence tosupportthisview which Mr. Gollanicz does Inotadvance, is that in the episodes in Chr4tien's" Perceval " upon which Gawain is founded,there is no incidenit f thisnature it seems to

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