Good Energy?Good Energy?Bad Energy?Bad Energy?Keynote Kickoff 2012Keynote Kickoff 2012

Harry HendersonHarry Henderson

Janet PenevolpeJanet Penevolpe

M

http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/factsheets/Factsheets.pdf

EnergyEnergy[computer model ideas will be in yellow][computer model ideas will be in yellow]

• Uses– Power cars, trains, planes– Power homes– Power factories– Heat– Games

• Most everything we do: try making of list of things that do not use energy

Energy Cost in NM and USEnergy Cost in NM and US[graphically represent model output data][graphically represent model output data]

http://energy.gov/maps/2009-energy-expenditure-person

A

Energy Use in NM and US.Energy Use in NM and US.[graph are presented first but made last]

http://energy.gov/maps/2009-energy-consumption-person

A

Right now globally we are using 20E12 watts of Right now globally we are using 20E12 watts of power, this projector is using 600 wattspower, this projector is using 600 watts

[bar graphs are another way to represent data]

http://www.eia.gov/pressroom/presentations/howard_09192011.pdf

B

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy

Combustion types:– Wood– Coal– Oil– Natural Gas– Hydrogen– Biomass

Non-Combustion types:– Nuclear– Hydroelectric– GeoThermal– Wind– Photovoltaic Solar– Passive Solar

B

Wood CoalWood Coal

• Burns hotter• Can supply energy for larger

audience• Need to dig up the earth/mine

accidents• Creates more pollutants• Still need Large Quantities• Fossil Fuel – Limited Supply

• Earliest used

• Dirty

• Inefficient

• On Demand

• Need Large Quantities

• Renewable*C

[Model a Steam generator plant]

OilOil[explore ways to clean up ocean spills][explore ways to clean up ocean spills]

• Replaced Coal in some areas• Can create lots of different types of fuels

– transportation

• Can supply energy for larger audience• Need to dig up the earth/ocean - accidents• Creates pollutants• Still need Large Quantities• Fossil Fuel – Limited Supply

C

Natural GasNatural Gas

• Easier to Transport• Can supply energy for larger audience• Need to dig up the earth• Creates pollutants• Still need Large Quantities• Fossil Fuel – Limited Supply but new, but

dangerous* technology making it more available

D

[build a fracking model to explore ground [build a fracking model to explore ground water contamination or earthquake water contamination or earthquake

generation]generation]

HydrogenHydrogen[Model a membrane diffusion][Model a membrane diffusion]

• Need energy to make it

• Burns clean – makes water

• Dangerous to store

• Fuel cells – “fool cells”, it takes more energy to make than to use

• With today’s technology it results in more pollution than oil

• Possible biochemical solution in the future

H

BiomassBiomass[stable “ecosystem” of livestock waste [stable “ecosystem” of livestock waste

used to heat a greenhouse making used to heat a greenhouse making food for the livestock]food for the livestock]

• Recycles waste products [Odor]

• Creates pollution [Releases carbon]

• Creates natural gas

• Renewable*

• Top 7 NM counties produce 1146762 tons in dairy biomass alone

H

Biomass in NM could replace Biomass in NM could replace natural gasnatural gas

http://www.emnrd.state.nm.us/ECMD/RenewableEnergy/biomass.html

KC

NuclearNuclear[Model the regulating rods][Model the regulating rods]

• Small amount fuel for large amount of energy

• Radioactive waste

• Public opinion

• Water and Heat for pollution

• Safe accident History (3 since production began)

LA

HydroelectricHydroelectric[build a bypass route for aquatic life][build a bypass route for aquatic life]

• Free fuel- flowing river

• Destroys land behind dam

• Can regulate

• Most water systems are damed: – very little new power from river hydro

• But tidal hydro is a new and wide open option

KC

GeoThermalGeoThermal[simulation of straight pipe vs overlapping][simulation of straight pipe vs overlapping]

• Piloted at Los Alamos in 1970 http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull23-4/art4.pdf

• 30 years ago Sandia Labs developed polycrystalline diamond compact bits for geothermal drilling

http://article.wn.com/view/2012/03/22/New_Drill_Bits_to_Make_Geothermal_Cheaper/

• Low energy for heating/cooling• High energy for electricity generation

M

www.gogogeo.com/images/landing-page-images/about-geothermal-cooling-and-heating-mode.gif

www.waterfurnace.com

www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/geothermal.html

MV

Geothermal in NMGeothermal in NMNM Geothermal Resources

P

http://cjsimmons.net/2011/renewable-energy-im-a-big-fan/

Globally wind Globally wind power is the power is the

fastest growing fastest growing power source power source

[second fastest [second fastest in US]in US]

wind energy map

P

Ericksonn W., Johnson, G. and Young, D. (2005)Ericksonn W., Johnson, G. and Young, D. (2005)

Causes of bird mortality Annual lossBuildings/windows 550 millionHigh tension lines 130 millionCats 100 millionVehicles 80 millionPesticides 67 millionCommunication towers 4.5 millionWind turbines 28.5 thousandAeroplanes 25 thousand

J

What about the birds?What about the birds?

Since 2005 New wind farms are built away from flight Since 2005 New wind farms are built away from flight pathspaths

[flocking vs. height and rotor speed][flocking vs. height and rotor speed]

Since the 2005 study more windmills have been built, however, the taller larger rotors turn much slower which is safer for birds

http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/ewea_documents/documents/publications/factsheets/Factsheets.pdf

T

Photovoltaic SolarPhotovoltaic Solar• Only works when sun is out

• Toxic

WM

• Easy to install

• Meter goes backwards

Solar Radiation mapSolar Radiation map

W

Affordable Solar an Affordable Solar an Albuquerque based Albuquerque based

company sells panels company sells panels for $1 per watt or lessfor $1 per watt or less

• Dimensions 1638 x 982 mm = 1.6 m^2• 245 w / 1.6 m^2 = 153 watts / m^2 / $1• 2008 power use is 1.7E13 watts• 1.7E13/153 = 1.11E11 m^2 area required• Assuming 50% cloud cover. 1.11E11 / .6 =• 2.22E5 km^2 area covered with solar panels

to power 2008 needs or 3.1E5 km^2 by 2015• New Mexico is 3.14E5 km^2 in area

P

Passive SolarPassive Solar• Hot water heaters

• House design

P

Passive Solar HousePassive Solar House

http://www.pserie.psu.edu/academic/science/degrees/biology/energyfieldtrips/solarIndex.htm P

Jobs in the USJobs in the US

http://energy.gov/articles/clean-energy-economy-creating-jobs

P

Clean Energy Jobs in the USClean Energy Jobs in the US

http://energy.gov/articles/clean-energy-economy-creating-jobs

P

Computer Models and energyComputer Models and energy• Apps for energy• http://stem.aihec.org/Projects/ClimateChange/Climatelib4/

basics_computerenergyprojects.pdf • HOMER - Analysis of micropower system options• NREL: Energy Analysis - Solar Technology Analysis Models and

Tools• Jeff Mole: An Alternative Energy Model | TVO Main• System Advisor Model (SAM) | • Working Model On Green Energy [Green Energy Working Model] -

YouTube• Computers Remapping the World for Alternative Energy | Use

Celsias.com - reduce global °Celsius • Glimpsing a greener future: Computer model foresees effects of

alternative transportation fuels • NREL’s System Advisor Model • http://www.deuceofclubs.com/mts/heres_why.htm

P

• Same data source represented two different ways.

• Snapshot

vs

• Long term trends

past hundred years of subsidies

0

100

200

300

400

500

oil/gas nuke biofuel renewables

years of subsidiesbillions of dollars

2007 subsidies

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

oil/gas nuke biofuel renewable

billions of killowattsmillions of dollars

www.eia.doe.gov

Types of Energy SubsidiesTypes of Energy Subsidies

http://www.independentsolar.net/P

Hobbs “Ghost” TownHobbs “Ghost” Town

http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/smart-takes/1-billion-ghost-town-to-be-constructed-in-new-mexico/26407