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TRANSCRIPT
GOOD PRACTICES
OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT
IN NAGALAND
NAGALAND AT GLANCE
Location : Extreme NE region of India
Geographical Area : 15,579 Sq. Km
Population : 2 millions
Density of population :120 per sq. km.
People : 16 major tribes, each having their
own distinctive dialect, custom and traditions
Literacy Rate : 67.11%
Districts : 11
No. of Blocks : 52
Climate : Sub-tropical to sub-temperate
Annual Rainfall : 2000 mm – 2500 mm
Altitude :200 to 3800 meters
82% of the population live in villages.
92% of land owned by community & individuals.
Only about 5% are landless
Govt. owns only 7% of the total area.
Per Capita Income : Rs. 19,554
Rich in biodiversity but severely degrading
The state is faced with Inherent constraint of bio-physical and
socio-economic problems
• 75% of Nagas live on
subsistence jhum
cultivation
• An average
farmer cultivates
2 fields at a time
• About 60-70
crops are cultivated in a
single jhumfield
• Average jhum
cycle is 6-8 years
• Jhumming
has become
unsustainable
under
increasing
population
pressure and
shorter
rotations
• Most families
are unable to
produce
sufficient food
to fulfill their
needs
Jhumming - A
way of life for
the tribal
Nagas.
Thus strategy
is not to
change the
system but to
find solution
within the
system.
PLANTATION AS A KEY ACTIVITY FOR WATERSHED
TREATMENT – A GOOD PRACTICE
REASONS
High dependence on jhumming
Hilly terrain
High rainfall
Unstable land
Vegetative cover quotient
Act as natural barrier to arrest soil & water erosion
Plantation as a natural choice of the people
Provides economic as well as environmental benefit
MAIN PLANTATIONS
Trees (Having both commercial as well as environmental
benefit)
Horticultural crops (Orange, Passion fruit, Pineapple,
Banana)
Plantation crops (Rubber, Tea, Arecanut, Sugarcane)
SUBSIDIARY CROPS/LIVELIHOOD COMPONENTS ALONG WITH PLANTATION
• MAP
• Black pepper
• Betelvine
• Ginger, Turmeric etc
• Pisciculture
• Beekeeping
STRATEGY ADOPTED
Plantation programmes in sync with the current jhum system
Integrating cash crops under the plantations for sustenance
Bringing convergence with other schemes for sustainable development
Linking them to market
Making it a permanent settled agriculture
Teak plantation inter-cropped with Homalomena aromatica
(Suganthmandri) Chungtiayimsen, Mokokchung-III
Black pepper on teak tree at Lakhuti, IWDP Wokha-II
Tea plantation at Lio-Longidang (IWDP Wokha-IV)
CONVERGENCE OF IWDP WITH STATE SCHEME :
i) Patchauli (MAP) planted under Arecanut trees
ii) Distillation machine installed
iii) Areca leaf plate making machine
IWDP : Rubber Plantation at
Chungtia Village, Mokokchung-II
State Fund : Rubber sheet roller &
Smoke house
Sugarcane cultivators
of
Kejanglwa village (IWDP
Peren-I)
Provided with
Juice extraction machines &
tools for making
molasses
Left : Cardamom
capsules freshly
harvested
Right : Driers being
distributed to
growers
CARDAMOM
PLANTATION UNDER
IWDP MON-IV
Integrating Beekeeping under Plantations – A common activity (bee hives under orange plantation, Chingmei Village (IWDP Tuensang-IV)
IWDP ACTIVITY RESULTED
IN LAUNCHING 2 STATE
MISSIONS :
1. Nagaland Bio-Resource Mission
(NBRM)
2. Nagaland Beekeeping & Honey
Mission (NBHM)
– Government’s policy support – Made the Govt. realize their
immense potentials &
urgency to promote &
develop the two sectors
– All activities are
implemented in a mission
mode
For everything that has happened, there
are so much that has not.
It is hoped that Watershed program will
continue to be the growth engine for
sustainable development of Jhumlands in
Nagaland
THANK YOU