google translation/aeic trial
TRANSCRIPT
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology Vol. 107 (2019)
Editorial Board
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104459
Original Google translation
Publisher's Note
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104462
Original Google translation
⢠Subscription Articles
CommentaryOpinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer safety (SCCS) â Opinion onEthylzingerone - âHydroxyethoxyphenyl Butanoneâ (HEPB) - Cosmetics EuropeNo P98 - CAS No 569646-79-3 - Submission II (eye irritation)Ulrike Bernauer, Laurent Bodin, Qasim Chaudhry, Pieter Coenraads, ... Wolfgang Uter
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104393
Original Google translation
Based on the new information provided by the Applicant, the SCCS considers the use of Hydroxyethoxyphenyl Butanone (HEPB) as a cosmetic preservative in rinse-off, oral care and leave-on cosmetic products with a maximum concentration of 0.7% safe with regard to eye irritation.
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SCCS ã¯ãããããã·ãšããã·ãã§ãã«ãã¿ãã³
ïŒHEPBïŒã®äœ¿çšããçŒã«å¯ŸããŠæ倧 0.7ïŒ å®å šãªæŽã
æµãããªãŒã©ã«ã±ã¢ãããã³ãªãŒããªã³å粧åã«ãã
ãå粧åé²è å€ãšããŠæ€èšããŠããŸãã åºæ¿ã
Opinion of the Scientific Committee on consumer safety (SCCS) â Final opinion
Google translation/AEIC trial
on the safety of fragrance ingredient Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) - (Vetiveria zizanioides root extract acetylated) - Submission III Ulrike Bernauer, Laurent Bodin, Qasim Chaudhry, Pieter Coenraads, ... Wolfgang Uter
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104389
Original Google translation
On the basis of the safety assessment carried out using a conservative approach, the SCCS considers the use of Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) with 1% alpha-tocopherol as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic leave-on and rinse-off type products safe at the concentrations proposed by IFRA. Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) contains some constituents that belong to the chemical group of aldehydes and ketones that are known to be reactive towards biological entities, such as DNA and proteins. However, the overall health risk of such components is likely to be negligible at the concentrations intended to be used in cosmetics products. The SCCS has noted that Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) is a moderate skin sensitiser in test animals. Considering the results of the HRIPT study and the fact that AVO has been used for years in cosmetics without evidence of sensitising potential, it is unlikely that AVO would be causing contact allergy in humans. Inhalation toxicity of Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) was not assessed in this Opinion because no data were provided. Assessment of the inhalation risk would
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å粧åã§ã®äœ¿çšãç®çãšããæ¿åºŠã§ã¯ç¡èŠã§ããå¯
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ããŸãã HRIPT è©Šéšã®çµæãšæäœã®å¯èœæ§ã瀺ã
蚌æ ãªãã« AVO ãå粧åã§é·å¹Žäœ¿çšãããŠãããšã
ãäºå®ãèæ ®ãããšãAVO ãããã«æ¥è§Šã¢ã¬ã«ã®ãŒã
åŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ã¯äœãã§ãã
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æ²¹ïŒAVOïŒã®åžå ¥æ¯æ§ã¯ãã®æèŠã§ã¯è©äŸ¡ãããŸã
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Google translation/AEIC trial
be needed if Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) was intended to be used in sprayable products.
Regular Articles Garlic and allopurinol attenuate hepatic apoptosis induced by fipronil in male albino rats Amira A. Sayed, Mohamed A. El-Desouky, Khairy A. Ibrahim
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104400
Original Google translation
Fipronil (FPN) can induce oxidative tissue damage and may be contemplated as an apoptosis inducer. Our aim is to investigate the possible hepatoprotective roles of garlic or allopurinol (ALP) against fipronil subacute toxicity. Thirty-six mature male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups; the first group was saved as control (C), the 2nd (G) was orally intubated with 500 mg/kg aqueous garlic extract, and the 3rd (A) received 150 mg/L allopurinol in their drinking water. The 4th group (F) was administered 13.277 mg/kg fipronil by gavage, while the 5th (G + F) and 6th (A + F) groups received the same doses of garlic and allopurinol, respectively two hours before fipronil intoxication. Our results revealed that FPN significantly increased the hepatic malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl levels, and the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and xanthine
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ïŒGïŒã¯ 500 mg / kg ã®ãã³ãã¯æœåºç©ãçµå£æ¿ç®¡ã
ãã3 çªç®ïŒAïŒã¯é£²ææ°Žã« 150 mg / L ã®ã¢ãããªããŒ
ã«ãçµå£æäžããŸããã 4 çªç®ã®ã°ã«ãŒãïŒFïŒã«ã¯
13.277 mg / kg ã®ãã£ãããã«ã匷å¶çµå£æäžããŸã
ããã5 çªç®ïŒG + FïŒããã³ 6 çªç®ïŒA + FïŒã®ã°ã«ãŒ
ãã«ã¯ããã£ãããã«äžæ¯ã® 2 æéåã«ããããåã
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ã ã¿ãŒãŒãã«ã¿ã©ãŒãŒãã°ã«ã¿ããªã³ãã«ãªãã·ããŒ
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å ãããããå¯Ÿç §çŸ€ãšæ¯èŒããŠã°ã«ã¿ããªã³-S-ãã©ã³
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ããŠã³ã¬ã®ã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããã³ DNA æçåã®èªå°
Google translation/AEIC trial
oxidase, but it decreased glutathione-S-transferase compared to the control group. Moreover, FPN exhibited significant up-regulation in the hepatic pro-apoptotic (Bax) and caspase-3 genes expression, down-regulation in the anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) mRNA gene expression and induced DNA fragmentation. Surprisingly, garlic or allopurinol co-treatment ameliorated the hepatic lipid peroxidation, antioxidants disruption, and apoptosis induced by FPN. In conclusion, garlic and allopurinol relieved the oxidative injury and reduced the fipronil-induced apoptosis probably by improving the tissue antioxidant defense system.
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ããŒã«ã®åæåŠçã¯ãèèã®è質éé žåãæé žåç©
質ã®ç Žå£ãããã³ FPN ã«ãã£ãŠèªçºãããã¢ãããŒ
ã·ã¹ãæ¹åããŸãããçµè«ãšããŠããã³ãã¯ãšã¢ãããªã
ãŒã«ã¯é žåã«ããæå·ã軜æžããããããçµç¹ã®æé ž
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In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies on monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate Asuka Takumi, Yasuko Kawamata, Ryosei Sakai, Takahiro Narita
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104399
Original Google translation
In response to the lack of authenticated mutagenicity/genotoxicity studies on MSG monohydrate, a series of genotoxicity studies conducted under GLP and according to globally accepted test guidelines (e.g., OECD) was performed. A bacterial reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium (TA100, TA1535, TA98 and TA1537) and Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA) at
MSG äžæ°Žåç©ã«é¢ããèªèšŒãããå€ç°åæ§/éºäŒæ¯
æ§è©Šéšã®æ¬ åŠã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠãGLP ã®äžã§ãäžççã«å
ãå ¥ããããŠãããã¹ãã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ïŒOECD ãªã©ïŒã«
åŸã£ãŠå®æœãããäžé£ã®éºäŒæ¯æ§è©Šéšãå®æœãããŸ
ããã Salmonella typhimuriumïŒTA100ãTA1535ã
TA98 ããã³ TA1537ïŒãšå€§è žèïŒWP2 uvrAïŒãæ倧
æ¿åºŠ 5000ÎŒg/ãã¬ãŒãã§äœ¿çšãã现èã®åŸ©åž°çªç¶å€
ç°è©Šéšãæ倧 10Lmmol ã®æ¿åºŠã® CHL / IU 现èã§
ã® in vitro æè²äœç°åžžè©Šéš/ LïŒ1.9 mg / mLïŒãæ倧
10 mmol / LïŒ1.9 mg / mLïŒã®æ¿åºŠã®ããŠã¹ãªã³ãè «
Google translation/AEIC trial
concentrations up to 5000 ÎŒg/plate, an in vitro chromosomal aberration test in CHL/IU cells at concentrations up to 10â¯mmol/L (1.9â¯mg/mL), a mouse lymphoma tk assay at concentrations up to 10â¯mmol/L (1.9â¯mg/mL), an in vitro micronucleus test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes at concentrations up to 10â¯mmol/L (1871â¯ÎŒg/mL), and an in vivo micronucleus test in bone marrow of rats that were gavaged with up to 2000â¯mg/kg bw were investigated. MSG monohydrate did not cause mutagenicity in any bacterial strain, did not induce chromosomal aberrations in CHL/IU cells or gene mutation in mouse lymphoma cells, was not clastogenic or aneugenic to human lymphocytes, and did not induce micronuclei in erythrocytes of rats when compared with vehicle controls. These results show that MSG is not mutagenic or genotoxic under the study conditions.
tk ã¢ãã»ã€ãæ倧 10 peripheralmmol / LïŒ1871ÎŒgïŒ
ã®æ¿åºŠã®ããæ«æ¢¢è¡ãªã³ãçã® in vitro å°æ žè©Šéš/
mLïŒãããã³æ倧 2000 mg / kg äœéã§åŒ·å¶çµå£æ
äžãããã©ããã®éªšé«ã«ããã in vivo å°æ žè©Šéšã調
æ»ãããã MSG äžæ°Žåç©ã¯ãã©ã®çŽ°èæ ªã«ãå€ç°
åæ§ãåŒãèµ·ããããCHL / IU 现èã«æè²äœç°åžžã
èªçºãããããŠã¹ãªã³ãè «çŽ°èã«éºäŒåå€ç°ãèªçº
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ç°æ°æ§ãèªçºãããã©ããã®èµ€è¡çã«å°æ žãèªçºããª
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Research article Assessment of hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of medicinal plant Erica multiflora in triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia and liver function repair in rats: A comparison with fenofibrate Rihab Khlifi, Aida Lahmar, Zaineb Dhaouefi, Zahar Kalboussi, ... Leila Chekir-Ghedira
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104404
Original Google translation
Hyperlipidemia is a serious health threat that has been linked to oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, causing
é«èè¡çã¯ãé žåã¹ãã¬ã¹ãšå šèº«æ§ççã«é¢é£ããŠã
ãæ·±å»ãªå¥åº·äžã®è åšã§ãããä»ã®å€ãã®çŸæ£ã®äž
ã§æ¬è³ªçã«èçŸæ£ãåŒãèµ·ãããŸããçŸåšã®ç 究ã¯ã
Google translation/AEIC trial
among many other disorders essentially liver disease. The current study was conducted to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of methanol leaf extract from Erica multiflora (M-EML). Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats were divided into six groups: control group (CG), hyperlipidemic group (300â¯mg/kg body weight âBWâ) (HG), hyperlipidemic group treated with M-EML (150 and 250â¯mg/kg) (HG + M-EML), normal rats treated with M-EML (250â¯mg/kg) and fenofibrate-treated group (HG + FF) (65â¯mg/kg). After 24â¯h of administration, triton WR-1339 induced a significant increase in lipid profile, atherogenic index (AI) and Coronary Risk Index (CRI) in HG group compared to control group. Furthermore, triton WR-1339 administration induced alteration in the status of pro-inflammatory markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, IFN-γ and Nitric oxide production). HG group showed also, a high level of lipid peroxidation, an altered antioxidant enzyme profiles and an increase in DNA damages, in liver. However, orally administration of M-EML mitigates significantly these disorders, proving hence a protective potential against triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia. These findings suggest that M-EML extract could be used as functional foods
Erica multifloraïŒM-EMLïŒããã®ã¡ã¿ããŒã«èæœåºç©
ã®æé«èè¡çãæé žåããã³æççã®å¯èœæ§ãè©äŸ¡
ããããã«è¡ãããŸããã Triton WR-1339 ã«ãã£ãŠ
èªçºãããé«èè¡çã©ããã¯ã6 ã€ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã«åã
ãããŸããïŒå¯Ÿç §ã°ã«ãŒãïŒCGïŒãé«èè¡çã°ã«ãŒã
ïŒ300 mg / kg äœéâ BWâïŒïŒHGïŒãM-EML ã§æ²»çã
ããé«èè¡çã°ã«ãŒãïŒ150 ããã³ 250 mg / kgïŒ
ïŒHG + M-EMLïŒãM-EMLïŒ250 mg / kgïŒã§åŠçãã
ãæ£åžžãªã©ããããã³ãã§ããã£ãã©ãŒãåŠçã°ã«ãŒã
ïŒHG + FFïŒïŒ65 mg / kgïŒãæäžã® 24 æéåŸãããªãã³
WR-1339 ã¯ãHG ã°ã«ãŒãã§ã¯å¯Ÿç §ã°ã«ãŒããšæ¯èŒ
ããŠè質ãããã¡ã€ã«ãã¢ãããŒã çºçææ°ïŒAIïŒãã
ã³å åèãªã¹ã¯ææ°ïŒCRIïŒã®ææãªå¢å ãåŒãèµ·ãã
ãŸãããããã«ãããªãã³ WR-1339 ã®æäžã«ãããçç
èªçºæ§ããŒã«ãŒïŒã¢ã¹ãã©ã®ã³é žãã©ã³ã¹ã¢ãããŒãŒã
ã¢ã©ãã³ãã©ã³ã¹ã¢ãããŒãŒãIFN-γãäžé žåçªçŽ ã®
ç£çïŒã®ç¶æ ãå€åããŸããã HG ã°ã«ãŒãã¯ãŸãã
èèã§é«ã¬ãã«ã®è質éé žåãå€æŽãããæé žåé µ
çŽ ãããã¡ã€ã«ãããã³ DNA æå·ã®å¢å ã瀺ããŸã
ãããã ããM-EML ã®çµå£æäžã¯ãããã®é害ã倧
å¹ ã«è»œæžããããªãã³ WR-1339 ã«ãã£ãŠèªçºãããé«
èè¡çã«å¯Ÿããä¿è·ã®å¯èœæ§ã蚌æããŸããããã
ã®çºèŠã¯ãM-EML æœåºç©ãé«èè¡çã®æ©èœæ§é£å
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åããŠããŸãã
Google translation/AEIC trial
and natural adjuvant treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Research article Evaluation of skin sensitization potential of chemicals by local lymph node assay using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine with flow cytometry Byeol-I. Han, Jung-Sun Yi, Souk Jin Seo, Tae Sung Kim, ... Jong Kwon Lee
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104401
Original Google translation
The local lymph node assay using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine with flow cytometry (LLNA: BrdU-FCM) is a modified LLNA used to identify skin sensitizers. This assay measures the proliferation of auricular lymph node cells (LNCs) during the induction phase of skin sensitization and the number of BrdU-positive LNCs using flow cytometry. We determined if LLNA: BrdU-FCM can evaluate the skin sensitization potential of 20 substances, including 16 sensitizers and 4 non-sensitizers, that were tested using LLNA: DA and LLNA: BrdU-ELISA but not listed in OECD TG 429. After selecting appropriate vehicles and conducting pre-screen tests in 2 phases, solvents and test concentrations for the main test were determined. In the main study, we measured changes in LN weight, the number of LNCs, and the proportion of BrdU incorporated into LNCs to calculate stimulation indexes (SI). SI was calculated based on the total
5-ããã¢-2-ããªãã·ãŠãªãžã³ããããŒãµã€ãã¡ããªãŒã§
䜿çšããå±æãªã³ãç¯ã¢ãã»ã€ïŒLLNAïŒBrdU-FCMïŒ
ã¯ãç®èæäœç©è³ªãç¹å®ããããã«äœ¿çšãããä¿®æ£
LLNA ã§ãããã®ã¢ãã»ã€ã¯ãç®èæäœã®èªå°æã«ã
ããè³ä»ãªã³ãç¯çŽ°èïŒLNCïŒã®å¢æ®ãšããããŒãµã€ã
ã¡ããªãŒã䜿çšãã BrdU éœæ§ LNC ã®æ°ã枬å®ããŸ
ãã LLNAïŒBrdU-FCM ã LLNAïŒDA ããã³ LLNAïŒ
BrdU-ELISA ã䜿çšããŠãã¹ããããã OECD TG
429 ã«èšèŒãããŠããªãã16 æäœç©è³ªãš 4 éæäœç©
質ãå«ã 20 ç©è³ªã®ç®èæäœæ§ãè©äŸ¡ã§ãããã©ã
ããå€æããŸãããé©åãªè»äž¡ãš 2 段éã§ã®ãã¬ã¹ã¯
ãªãŒãã³ã°ãã¹ãã®å®æœãã¡ã€ã³ãã¹ãã®æº¶åªãšãã¹ã
æ¿åºŠã決å®ãããŸãããäž»ãªç 究ã§ã¯ãLN ééã®å€
åãLNC ã®æ°ãããã³åºæ¿ææ°ïŒSIïŒãèšç®ãããã
ã« LNC ã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸãã BrdU ã®å²åã枬å®ããŸã
ãã SI ã¯ãLNC ã®ç·æ°ãš LNC ãžã® BrdU ã®çµã¿èŸŒ
ã¿ã«åºã¥ããŠèšç®ãããŸããããã¹ãŠã®ç©è³ªãå¢æ
å€ãŸãã¯éå¢æå€ãšããŠæ£ããåé¡ãããŠããããšã
ããããŸãããå šäœãšããŠãLLNAïŒBrdU-FCM ã 20
ç©è³ªã®ç®èæäœæ§ãè©äŸ¡ã§ããããšã確èªããŸããã
ããã«ãOECD TG 429 ã«ãªã¹ããããŠãã 22 ã®åç §
ç©è³ªãš 20 ã®è¿œå ç©è³ªãçµã¿åãããçµæã¯ã
LLNAïŒBrdU-FCM ãš LLNA ã®äžèŽã以åãããé«ã
ããšã瀺ããŸããã
Google translation/AEIC trial
number of LNCs and BrdU incorporation in LNCs. We found that all substances were correctly classified as sensitizers or non-sensitizers. Overall, we confirmed that the LLNA: BrdU-FCM can evaluate skin sensitization potential of the 20 substances. Additionally, our results of combining 22 reference substances listed in OECD TG 429 and 20 additional substances showed that concordance of LLNA: BrdU-FCM with the LLNA was higher than before.
Research article Toxicology and human health risk assessment of polyethoxylated tallow amine surfactant used in glyphosate formulations Mark A. Martens, Marian S. Bleeke, Vincent A. Leopold, Donna R. Farmer
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104347
Original Google translation
Roundup® branded herbicides contain glyphosate, a surfactant system and water. One of the surfactants used is polyethoxylated tallow amine (POE-T). A toxicology dataset has been developed to derive the most representative points of departure for human health risk assessments. Concentrated POE-T was very irritating to skin, corrosive to eyes, and sensitizing to skin. The irritation and sensitization potential of POE-T diminishes significantly upon dilution with water. Repeated dosing of rats with POE-T produced gastrointestinal effects but no systemic effect on organ systems.
Roundup®ãã©ã³ãã®é€èå€ã«ã¯ãã°ãªããµãŒããç
é¢æŽ»æ§å€ã·ã¹ãã ãããã³æ°Žãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã䜿çš
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Google translation/AEIC trial
POE-T was not genotoxic and had no effect on embryo-fetal development or reproduction. The occupational risk assessment of POE- T for the agricultural use of glyphosate products has demonstrated that margins of exposure (MOEs) are 2517 and 100,000 for maximum and geometric mean dermal exposures, respectively. In the food risk assessment for relevant agricultural uses, the range of MOEs for consumption of foods from plant and animal origin were 330 to 2909. MOEs â¥100 are generally considered to be of no toxicological concern. Based on the results of the occupational and food risk assessments, it is concluded that there are no significant human health issues associated with the use of POE-T as a surfactant in glyphosate products.
äœå¹³åç®èæŽé²ã§ãããã 2517 ããã³ 100,000 ã§
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Research article Biosafety of unmodified ultrafine gold particles (AuPs) upon interacting with human blood components before systemic use Farhat Naz, Amit Kumar Dinda, Renu Saxena, Veena Koul
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104405
Original Google translation
Ultrafine gold particles (AuPs) can be emerged as a good candidate in the field of drug delivery as well as in imaging applications. However, little attention has been paid to detailed study of nanoparticle's interaction with blood components before systemic use. An
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Google translation/AEIC trial
investigation into the interaction of ultrafine AuPs with blood components is must for its clinical application. In present study, the interaction of ultrafine sized AuPs (2â¯Â±â¯0.5â¯nm, 5â¯Â±â¯1â¯nm, and 10â¯Â±â¯2â¯nm) with blood components and its immunogenic property (pro-inflammatory reaction) was investigated. All three sized AuPs did not cause any significant hemolysis. Plasma coagulation study showed significant increase in Prothrombin time (PT) with International Normalized Ratio (INR) value raised to 1.53 with 10â¯nm AuPs. Maximum prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (3.2â¯s) was seen with 5 &10â¯nm sized AuPs. Maximum thrombin time (TT) prolongation was seen with 2â¯nm (18.3s) with the difference of 1.4â¯s as compared to control. Platelet aggregation was faster in case of 5 & 10â¯nm sized AuPs. All three sized AuPs exhibited in-vitro C3 complement activation whereas they did not stimulate significant proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These findings further validate the utility of ultrafine AuPs for in-vivo applications.
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Research article Distribution of fluoride contamination in drinking water resources and health risk assessment using geographic information system, northwest Iran Mahmood Yousefi, Sahar Ghalehaskar, Farzaneh Baghal Asghari, Afshin Ghaderpoury, ... Ali Akbar Mohammadi
Google translation/AEIC trial
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104408
Original Google translation
This paper considers exposure to the concentration of fluoride in drinking water resources of Showt city in West Azerbaijan Province in, Iran, and its related potential health risk assessment issues to the resident populations. For this purpose, 88 drinking water samples were analyzed in 2016 by using the spectrophotometric method. Non-carcinogenic health risks due to F exposure through consumption of drinking water were assessed using the US EPA method. In addition, the associated zoning maps of the obtained results were presented using a geographic information system (GIS). The results indicated that fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.0 to 5.5â¯mgâ¯Lâ1 of the study area. Based on this research, 36.36% of the samples had a fluoride level higher than the permissible level, 13.63% had less than the permissible limit, and 50% of the samples had a level within the optimum limit of 0.5â1.5â¯mgâ¯Lâ1. The Hazard Quotient index (HQ) for children, teenager and adults had health hazards (HQâ¯>â¯1) in 54.55%, 31.82%, and 22.73% of samples, respectively. Groundwater resources having a risk of more than one were located in the villages of Khilajajam, Kolos, and Shorboulagh. So,
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Google translation/AEIC trial
in these study areas, there are potential risks of dental and skeletal fluorosis.
Research article Testing developmental toxicity in a second species: are the differences due to species or replication error? Hedwig M. Braakhuis, Peter T. Theunissen, Wout Slob, Emiel Rorije, Aldert H. Piersma
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104410
Original Google translation
Developmental toxicity studies for chemical and pharmaceutical safety are primarily performed in rats. Regulatory frameworks may require testing in a second, non-rodent species, for which the rabbit is usually chosen. This study shows that differences in NOAELs or LOAELs (N(L)OAELs) observed between rat and rabbit developmental toxicity studies performed according to OECD guidelines could just as well be caused by study replication errors, and not necessarily by differences in species sensitivity. This conclusion follows from an analysis of a database with rat and rabbit developmental toxicity studies for over 1000 industrial chemicals, pesticides, veterinary drugs and human pharmaceuticals, which included 143 compounds with multiple oral rat studies and 124 compounds with multiple oral rabbit studies. Our analysis confirms earlier findings that, on average over all compounds, rat
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Google translation/AEIC trial
and rabbit do not differ in sensitivity to developmental effects. There is substantial scatter in the correlation plots comparing rat and rabbit developmental N(L)OAELs, which is easily interpreted as species differences for individual compounds. However, for compounds tested twice in the same species, these N(L)OAELs may differ up to a factor of 25. Thus, potential interspecies differences in developmental N(L)OAEL will be overwhelmed by the reproducibility error, rendering the added value of a second species study questionable. As N(L)OAELs serve as point of departure (POD) for setting health-based guidance values in risk assessment, the large reproducibility error of N(L)OAELs should be taken into account by the introduction of an additional uncertainty factor. It is recommended to aim for reducing the reproducibility error by applying dose-response (BMD) analysis, optimize study designs and harmonize study protocols.
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Research article Mechanistic relationship between biodegradation and bioaccumulation. Practical outcomes Sabcho D. Dimitrov, Irina A. Dermen, Nadezhda H. Dimitrova, Krasimir G. Vasilev, ... Ovanes G. Mekenyan
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104411
Original Google translation
Google translation/AEIC trial
According to the REACH Regulation, for all substances manufactured or imported in amounts of 10 or more tons per year, that are not exempted from the registration requirement, a Chemical Safety Assessment (CSA) must be conducted. According to CSA criteria, for these substances persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT), and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) assessment is requested. In order to reduce the number of applications of the expensive bioaccumulation test it seems useful to search thresholds for other related parameters above which no bioaccumulation is observed. Given the known relationship between ready biodegradability and bioaccumulation, one such parameter is biodegradation. This article addresses this relationship in searching for BOD threshold above which no vB and B chemicals could be observed. It was found that the regulatory criteria for persistency could be used for identification of not vB and B chemicals. In addition, fish liver metabolism is determined as the most significant factor in reducing of maximum bioaccumulation potential of the chemicals. It was found that parameters associated with the models simulating fish metabolism could be also used for identification of not vB and B chemicals.
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Google translation/AEIC trial
Research article Exposure assessments in reproductive and developmental toxicity testing: An IQ-DruSafe industry survey on current practices and experiences in support of exposure-based high dose selection Paul A. Andrews, Mary Ellen McNerney, Joseph J. DeGeorge
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104413
Original Google translation
The draft ICH S5(R3) guideline includes an exposure-based endpoint as an option for selecting the high dose in developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) studies. In 2016, IQ DruSafe conducted an anonymous survey to identify industry practices and experiences related to pharmacokinetic assessments in DART studies in order to facilitate a pragmatic data-driven approach to development of an acceptable multiple of the clinical exposure to be proposed for dose selection in the guideline. Questions in the survey were designed to explore pharmacokinetic differences in pregnant versus non-pregnant animals, and to assess exposure levels attained in the absence of maternal toxicity as well as DART outcomes in animal studies associated with those exposures. Small molecule and therapeutic proteins were analyzed separately. The key findings for small molecules were: a) differences in exposures between pregnant and non-pregnant animals were generally â€3-fold, b) Cmax or AUC exposures â¥25-fold the
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Google translation/AEIC trial
clinical exposure were achieved in the absence of maternal toxicity for 31% and 23% of rat and rabbit developmental toxicity studies, respectively, and c) only 3.3% (5/153) and 1.6% (2/128) of the developmental toxicity studies were positive for malformations or embryofetal lethality in rats and rabbits, respectively, that were not observed until exposure margins were â¥25-fold.
Research article Proposal of GHS sub-categorization criteria for LLNA: BrdU-ELISA (OECD TG442B) Yosuke Maeda, Masahiro Takeyoshi
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104409
Original Google translation
The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is a hazard classification and communication system for providing information on the safe handling of chemicals worldwide. While the GHS provides sub-categorization criteria for sensitizers when using the guinea pig maximization test/Buehler test (OECD TG406) and the standard radioisotopic LLNA (OECD TG429), the sub-categorization criteria for LLNA: BrdU-ELISA (OECD TG442B) are not currently provided. In this study, we re-analyzed the existing data of 32 sensitizers classified in the 1A or 1B categories of the GHS, and attempted to
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ãã GHS ã¯ãã¢ã«ã¢ããã®æ倧åãã¹ã/ãã¥ãŒã©ãŒã
ã¹ãïŒOECD TG406ïŒããã³æšæºã®æŸå°æ§åäœäœ
LLNAïŒOECD TG429ïŒã䜿çšããå Žåã®å¢æå€ã®
ãµãåé¡åºæºãæäŸããŠããŸãããLLNAïŒBrdU-
ELISAïŒOECD TG442BïŒã®ãµãåé¡åºæºã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšã
ãã§ããçŸåšæäŸãããŠããŸããããã®ç 究ã§ã¯ã
GHS ã® 1A ãŸã㯠1B ã«ããŽãªãŒã«åé¡ããã 32 ã®
å¢æå€ã®æ¢åã®ããŒã¿ãååæããLLNAïŒBrdU-
ELISA ã䜿çšã㊠GHS ãµãã«ããŽãªãŒåã®æé©ãªåº
æºã決å®ããããšããŸãããçµæãšããŠãEC1.6 ã䜿çš
ããå ŽåãGHS ãµãã«ããŽãªã®æé©ãªåºæºã¯ 6ïŒ ãš
決å®ãããGHS 1A ããã³ GHS 1B ã«ããŽãªã®ååŠ
ç©è³ªã®æ£ããçµæïŒïŒ ïŒã¯ã32 çš®é¡ãã¹ãŠã®ååŠç©
質ã«ã€ããŠãããã 92.3 ããã³ 84.2 ã§ããããã®ã¢
Google translation/AEIC trial
determine optimal criteria for GHS sub-categorization using LLNA: BrdU-ELISA. Consequently, the optimal criterion for the GHS sub-categorization was determined to be 6% when using EC1.6, showing the correct outcomes (%) for GHS 1A and GHS 1B category chemicals were 92.3 and 84.2 for all 32 chemicals, respectively. When excluding 2-mercaptobenzothiazole which may cause strain specific low response in this assay system, the correct outcomes (%) for GHS 1A chemicals was 100. Further work would be necessary, but the GHS sub-categorization criteria proposed in this study might be promising when using LLNA: BrdU-ELISA to provide information on the skin sensitization potency category of chemicals.
ãã»ã€ã·ã¹ãã ã§èæ ªç¹ç°çãªäœåå¿ãåŒãèµ·ãã
å¯èœæ§ããã 2-ã¡ã«ã«ãããã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«ãé€å€ã
ããšãGHS 1A ååŠç©è³ªã®æ£ããçµæïŒïŒ ïŒã¯ 100 ã§
ããããããªãç 究ãå¿ èŠã§ããããã®ç 究ã§ææ¡ã
ãã GHS ãµãåé¡åºæºã¯ææãããããŸãã
LLNA ã䜿çšããå ŽåïŒBrdU-ELISA ã¯ãååŠç©è³ªã®
ç®èæäœæ§ã«ããŽãªãŒã«é¢ããæ å ±ãæäŸããŸãã
Research article Health risk assessment for pediatric population associated with ethanol and selected residual solvents in herbal based products Branislava Srdjenovic, Ljilja Torovic, Nebojsa Kladar, Biljana Bozin, Jan Sudji
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104406
Original Google translation
In this study, 48 herbal based products (41 for the pediatric population) were analyzed for the presence of ethanol and residual solvents. Ethanol was not detected in only 12% of the products designed for infants or toddlers aged under 2, and not quantified in only 5 of 14 âalcohol freeâ products. Actual content
ãã®ç 究ã§ã¯ã48 çš®é¡ã®è¬èããŒã¹ã®è£œåïŒå°å é
å£ã§ã¯ 41 çš®é¡ïŒã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ãšæ®ç溶åªã®ååšãå
æããŸããã 2 æ³æªæºã®ä¹³å¹Œå åãã«èšèšããã補
åã® 12ïŒ ã ãã§ãšã¿ããŒã«ãæ€åºãããã14 çš®é¡ã®
ãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«äžäœ¿çšã補åã®ãã¡ 5 çš®é¡ã®ã¿ã§å®éå
ãããŸããã§ãããå®éã®å«æéã¯ãæå®ããããšã¿
ããŒã«éã® 11 ã®ãµã³ãã«ã®ãã¡ 6 ã€ã®ãµã³ãã«ã§ã©
ãã«è¡šç€ºãããé«ãã£ãã WHO ã¯ã6 æ³æªæºã®å
Google translation/AEIC trial
was higher than labeled in six out of 11 samples with specified ethanol quantity. WHO proposed requirement for ethanol content in products intended for use in children under the age of 6 (<0.5%) was not met by as many as 26 samples. Furthermore, calculated blood alcohol levels in children exceeded the relevant toxicological levels for nine samples following a single dose, and for one sample in case of accidental poisoning with the entire package. Regarding the residual solvents, acetone, 1-propanol and 1-butanol were not quantified, 2-propanol was found in two samples in low concentrations, whereas methanol intake via one of the samples exceeded the permitted level for children. The obtained results revealed a significant health concern for the pediatric population due to ethanol intake via herbal based products, calling for the establishment of strict guidelines for ethanol content and labeling.
äŸïŒ<0.5ïŒ ïŒã§ã®äœ¿çšãç®çãšãã補åã®ãšã¿ããŒã«
å«æéã®èŠä»¶ã 26 ãã®ãµã³ãã«ã§æºãããŠããŸãã
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éåãããŠãããã2-ãããããŒã«ã¯äœæ¿åºŠã® 2 ã€ã®
ãµã³ãã«ã§æ€åºãããŸããããäžæ¹ã®ãµã³ãã«ããã®
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ããåŸãããçµæãããããŒãããŒã¹ã®è£œåãä»ãã
ãšã¿ããŒã«æåã«ããå°å éå£ã®å¥åº·ãžã®é倧ãªæž
念ãæããã«ãªãããšã¿ããŒã«å«æéãšè¡šç€ºã«é¢ãã
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Research article Peanut leaf extract has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity but no acute toxic effects Jocelene Filippin Cossetin, Evelyne da Silva Brum, Rosana Casoti, Camila Camponogara, ... Gabriela Trevisan
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104407
Original Google translation
Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) leaves have been popularly used for the
Arachis hypogaea L.ïŒããŒãããïŒã®èã¯ãäžç çã
ççã®æ²»çã«åºã䜿çšãããŠããŸããããã®æ€ç©è£œ
Google translation/AEIC trial
treatment of insomnia and inflammation, but no toxicological study has been performed for this plant preparation. This study aimed to examine the phytochemical composition of peanut leaf hydroalcoholic extract (PLHE) and describe its potential toxic effects and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The qualitative chemical analysis of PLHE by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS allowed the identification of eight metabolites types (totaling 29 compounds). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay revealed that PLHE had strong antioxidant effects; it also exhibited nitric oxide (NO)-scavenging capacity. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to PLHE showed no reduced cell viability or increased free double-stranded DNA, NO, or reactive species production. PLHE reversed the cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory (release of interleukin-1β), and pro-oxidant effects of H2O2 on human PBMCs. Acute PLHE toxicity analysis was performed in vivo using the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 guidelines. PLHE single injection (2000â¯mg/kg, intragastric) did not cause mortality or morbidity or induce changes in hematological or biochemical parameters after 14 days of administration. Thus, PLHE could be a source of bioactive compounds and possesses antioxidant and anti-
å€ã®æ¯æ§åŠçç 究ã¯è¡ãããŠããŸããããã®ç 究
ã¯ãããŒãããã®èã®æ°Žã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«æœåºç©ïŒPLHEïŒã®
æ€ç©ååŠççµæã調ã¹ããã®æœåšçãªæ¯æ§å¹æãšæ
é žåããã³æççäœçšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããããšãç®ç
ãšããŠããŸãã UHPLC-ESI-HRMS ã«ãã PLHE ã®
å®æ§çååŠåæã«ããã8 çš®é¡ã®ä»£è¬ç©ïŒåèš 29 çš®
é¡ã®ååç©ïŒãç¹å®ããããšãã§ããŸããã 1,1-ãžã
ã§ãã«-2-ãã¯ãªã«ããã©ãžã«ïŒDPPHïŒã¢ãã»ã€ã«ããã
PLHE ã«ã¯åŒ·åãªæé žåäœçšãããããšãæããã«
ãªããŸããããŸããäžé žåçªçŽ ïŒNOïŒã®ææèœåã瀺
ããŸããã PLHE ã«æé²ããããæ«æ¢¢è¡åæ žçŽ°è
ïŒPBMCïŒã¯ã现èçåçã®äœäžããéé¢ã®äºæ¬é
DNAãNOããŸãã¯åå¿çš®ã®çæã®å¢å ã瀺ããŸãã
ã§ããã PLHE ã¯ããã PBMC ã«å¯Ÿãã H2O2 ã®çŽ°
èæ¯æ§ãççèªçºæ§ïŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã€ãã³-1βã®æŸåºïŒã
ããã³é žåä¿é²äœçšãé転ãããŸãããæ¥æ§ PLHE
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ã©ã€ã³ã䜿çšã㊠in vivo ã§è¡ãããŸããã PLHE å
å泚å°ïŒ2000 mg / kgãèå ïŒã¯ãæ»äº¡ãŸãã¯çœ¹ç ã
åŒãèµ·ãããªãã£ãããæäžã® 14 æ¥åŸã«è¡æ¶²åŠçãŸ
ãã¯çååŠçãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã®å€åãèªçºããŸããã§ã
ãããããã£ãŠãPLHE ã¯çç©æŽ»æ§ååç©ã®äŸçµŠæº
ã§ããå¯èœæ§ãããããšãªã·ãã³çŽ°èæ¯æ§ãŸãã¯ãã
PBMC ã®éºäŒæ¯æ§ãŸãã¯ã©ããã®æ¥æ§æ¯æ§ãªãã«æ
é žåç¹æ§ããã³æççç¹æ§ãåããŠããŸãã
Google translation/AEIC trial
inflammatory properties without elicitin cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in human PBMCs or acute toxicity in rats.
Research article Safety assessment of Weissella confusa â A direct-fed microbial candidate Denisa Cupi, Signe Gry Elvig-JÞrgensen
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104414
Original Google translation
Weissella confusa is part of the lactic acid bacteria genera and a member of an autochthonous microbiota of humans and livestock. W. confusa has been proposed to have potential as a direct-fed microbial product, however, there is a lack of studies assessing its safety. A toxicological safety assessment of W. confusa was performed using a battery of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies, testing for genotoxicity, skin and eye irritation and general toxicity. The bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) study did not reveal any genotoxicity in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9) at concentrations up to 5000â¯ÎŒg/mL. Moreover, an in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus study did not reveal any biologically relevant or statistically significant increases in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice, when tested at concentrations up to 2000â¯mg/kg body weight. W. confusa did not exert any skin
Weissella confusa ã¯ãä¹³é žèå±ã®äžéšã§ããã人é
ãšå®¶çã®èªç埮çç©çžã®ã¡ã³ããŒã§ãã W. confusa
ã¯çŽæ¥çµŠé€ã®åŸ®çç©è£œåãšããŠã®å¯èœæ§ããããšæ
æ¡ãããŠããŸããããã®å®å šæ§ãè©äŸ¡ããç 究ãäž
足ããŠããŸãã W. confusa ã®æ¯ç©åŠçå®å šæ§è©äŸ¡
ã¯ãin vitroãex vivo ããã³ in vivo ã®äžé£ã®ç 究ã
䜿çšããŠè¡ãããéºäŒæ¯æ§ãç®èããã³çŒã®åºæ¿ã
äžè¬çãªæ¯æ§ããã¹ããããŸããã现èã®åŸ©åž°çªç¶å€
ç°ïŒAmesïŒç 究ã§ã¯ã代è¬æŽ»æ§åïŒS9ïŒã®ååšäžãšé
ååšäžã§ãæ倧 5000ÎŒg/ mL ã®æ¿åºŠã§éºäŒæ¯æ§ã¯
æããã«ãªããŸããã§ãããããã«ãin vivo åºä¹³åç©
èµ€è¡çå°æ žè©Šéšã§ã¯ã2000 mg / kg äœéãŸã§ã®æ¿åºŠ
ã§è©Šéšããå ŽåãããŠã¹ã®å°æ žå€ææ§èµ€è¡çã®é »åºŠ
ã«çç©åŠçé¢é£ãŸãã¯çµ±èšçã«ææãªå¢å ã¯èŠã
ããŸããã§ããã W. confusa ã¯ãåæ§æãããç®è
èã§ãã¹ãããå Žåãç®èåºæ¿ã®å¯èœæ§ã¯ãããŸãã
ã§ãããåé¢ããããã¯ããªã®çŒã® ex vivo ã¢ãã«ã
䜿çšããŠçŒã®åºæ¿ããã¹ããããšã軜床ã®åºæ¿ã芳å¯
ãããŸããã 90 æ¥éã®äºæ ¢æ§çµå£æ¯æ§ïŒåŒ·å¶é£Œé€ïŒ
ç 究ã¯ãæ倧 92Ã108 cfu / kg äœé/æ¥ïŒåç®ïŒãŸã§
ã®æ¿åºŠã§ Sprague Dawley ã©ããã䜿çšããŠè¡ãããŸ
ããããã®çµæãWãconfusa ã¯å¿å®¹æ§ãé«ããæ¯æ§
ã®å åã¯èŠãããŸããã§ãããéããã³éã®åç©ã®
芳å¯ãããæ害äœçšã¬ãã«ïŒNOAELïŒã¯ãæäžããã
æé«æ¿åºŠã§ããã92Ã108 cfu / kg äœé/æ¥ïŒå ¬ç§°å€ïŒ
Google translation/AEIC trial
irritation potential when tested in reconstructed skin membranes. When tested for eye irritation using an ex vivo model of isolated chicken eyes, mild irritation was observed. The 90-day sub-chronic oral toxicity (gavage) study was performed using Sprague Dawley rats at concentrations up to 92â¯Ãâ¯108â¯cfu/kg body weight/day (nominal). The results showed that W. confusa were well tolerated, and no signs of toxicity were seen. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for both female and male animals was the highest concentration administered, 92â¯Ãâ¯108â¯cfu/kgâ¯body weight/day (nominal). In conclusion, the toxicological studies performed confirmed W. confusa to be safe, making it a good candidate as a direct-fed microbial product.
ã§ãããçµè«ãšããŠãå®æœãããæ¯ç©åŠçç 究ã¯ãWã
confusa ãå®å šã§ããããšã確èªããçŽæ¥çµŠé€åŸ®çç©
補åãšããŠã®è¯ãåè£ã«ããŠããŸãã
Research article Next tier in vitro and in vivo nonclinical studies further elucidating the safety and toxicity profile of MB-102, a novel fluorescent tracer agent for measurement of glomerular filtration rate Richard B. Dorshow, Joseph E. Bugaj
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104417
Original Google translation
MB-102 was designed for measurement of real-time glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Previously reported in vitro and in vivo nonclinical studies clearly demonstrated negligible toxicity, resulting in FDA clearance for First-in
MB-102 ã¯ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã®ç³žçäœæ¿ŸéçïŒGFRïŒã®
枬å®çšã«èšèšãããŸããã以åã«å ±åããã in vitro
ããã³ in vivo éèšåºè©Šéšã§ã¯ãç¡èŠã§ããæ¯æ§ãæ
ããã«ç€ºããããã¡ãŒã¹ãã€ã³ãã¥ãŒãã³ã® FDA èª
å¯ãæŠå¿µå®èšŒã®èšåºè©Šéšãè¡ãããŸãããå®å šæ§ãš
æ¯æ§ã®ç 究ã®æ¬¡ã®æ®µéãããã«å ±åãããŠããŸãã
Google translation/AEIC trial
Human, proof of concept clinical studies. The next tier of safety and toxicity studies are reported herein. MB-102 did not demonstrate any phototoxic potential in a BALB/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast study. Co-administration of MB-102 and iohexol resulted in pharmacokinetic parameters virtually identical to the values observed upon individual administration in beagle dogs. A single dose of MB-102 administered either intravenously (18.6â¯mg/mL) or perivenously (0.25â¯mL) was well-tolerated in NZ white rabbits, with no adverse inflammation or irritation. MB-102 did not induce micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes for rat bone marrow cells treated up to 450â¯mg/kg/day, the maximum feasible dose. Two separate optical imaging studies demonstrated that MB-102 distributes rapidly and thoroughly throughout the test subjects, followed by rapid clearance from the body without any preferential localization in any particular tissue or organ, with the exception of the bladder, which is totally consistent with a known GFR agent. In addition, two-week repeat intravenous (once-daily) toxicity and toxicokinetic studies were conducted in rats and beagles, with no MB-102- related effects. Thus, for the studies reported herein, there were no toxicological effects of concern for MB-102.
MB-102 ã¯ãBALB / c 3T3 ããŠã¹ç·ç¶èœçŽ°èç 究ã§
å æ¯æ§ã®å¯èœæ§ã瀺ããŸããã§ããã MB-102 ãšã€
ãªãããœãŒã«ã®åææäžã«ãããããŒã°ã«ç¬ã§ã®å
å¥æäžã§èŠ³å¯ãããå€ãšå®è³ªçã«åãè¬ç©åæ ãã©
ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãåŸãããŸãããéèå ïŒ18.6 µmg / mLïŒãŸ
ãã¯éèå ïŒ0.25 µmLïŒã®ããããã§æäžããã
MB-102 ã®ååæäžã¯ãNZ ã®çœãŠãµã®ã§è¯å¥œãªå¿
容æ§ã瀺ããæ害ãªççãåºæ¿ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã
MB-102 ã¯ãæ倧å®è¡å¯èœçšéã§ãã 450 mg / kg /
æ¥ãŸã§åŠçãããã©ãã骚é«çŽ°èã®å€ææ§èµ€è¡çã«
å°æ žãèªçºããªãã£ãã 2 ã€ã®åå¥ã®å åŠã€ã¡ãŒãž
ã³ã°ç 究ã«ãããMB-102 ã被éšè å šäœã«è¿ éãã€
å®å šã«ååžããç¹å®ã®çµç¹ãŸãã¯èåšã«åªå çã«å±
åšããããšãªãã身äœããæ¥éã«ã¯ãªã¢ã©ã³ã¹ãããã
ãšã瀺ãããŸãããæ¢ç¥ã® GFR ãšãŒãžã§ã³ããããã«ã
2 é±éå埩ã®éèå ïŒ1 æ¥ 1 åïŒæ¯æ§ããã³ããã·ã³
ãããã£ã¯ã¹ã®ç 究ããMB-102 é¢é£ã®åœ±é¿ãªãã«ã©
ãããšããŒã°ã«ç¬ã§è¡ãããŸããã
ãããã£ãŠãããã§å ±åãããç 究ã§ã¯ãMB-102 ã«
æžå¿µãããæ¯æ§åœ±é¿ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã
Google translation/AEIC trial
Research article Low-level radon exposure and lung cancer mortality Robert Obenchain, S. Stanley Young, Goran Krstic
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104418
Original Google translation
Background It is agreed that high level radon exposure is harmful to humans. However, some published literature suggests that low levels of radon show no adverse effects or may even be protective. Claims made using traditional methods of analysis on observational data often fail to replicate. Here, we use a simple, alternative data-analytic strategy for examining effects of low-level indoor radon exposure on lung cancer mortality. One objective will be to demonstrate that local population characteristics can alter expected effects. Methods Observational data on indoor radon exposure levels and lung cancer mortality for 2881 U.S. counties were obtained from federal and state governmental agencies. A new âstatistical thinkingâ step-by-step analysis strategy called Local Control (LC) allows us to perform analyses of observational data that are more objective and âfairâ than regression-like methods. LC analytical strategy makes as few and as realistic assumptions as possible. As a result, key
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Google translation/AEIC trial
LC inferences are nonparametric, and estimates of potentially heterogeneous treatment effect-sizes are robust. Results Our LC analyses suggest that lung cancer mortality usually tends to decrease as background radon exposure increases. Local rank correlation (LRC) effect-sizes are shown to be predictable from confounding local characteristics like percentage of residents over 65, percentage of residents who currently smoke and percentage of obese residents. Conclusions At low indoor radon exposure levels, reverse (negative) LRCs between radon exposure level and lung cancer mortality predominate. The strengths of these associations vary with local demographics.
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Research article Residue behavior and dietary risk assessment of chlorothalonil and its metabolite SDS-3701 in water spinach to propose maximum residue limit (MRL) Hongfang Lin, Shengming Zhao, Xueqi Fan, Yecheng Ma, ... Jiye Hu
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104416
Original Google translation
Dietary risk assessment generally combines food consumption data and the concentration of pesticide by using the risk quotient (RQ) method. Chlorothalonil is the second popular fungicide in the world, and its residue and risk assessment in water spinach
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ã®ãã殺èå€ã§ãããããŠã¬ã³ãœãŠã®æ®çç©ãšãªã¹ã¯
è©äŸ¡ã¯äžæã®ãŸãŸã§ãããã®è«æã§ã¯ãããŠã¬ã³ãœãŠ
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è·ããããã«äžåœã§åªè¯èŸ²æ¥æ £è¡ïŒGAPïŒã®äžã§è¡
Google translation/AEIC trial
remain unknown. In this paper, the field trials of chlorothalonil in water spinach were operated under good agricultural practice (GAP) in China to human health protective. The dissipation experiments demonstrated that chlorothalonil was rapidly degraded in water spinach, with the half-lives of 1.8â3.2 days, and the amount of its metabolite SDS-3701 (4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile) taken up through the water spinach roots from the soil was minor. The terminal experiments disclosed that the average residues of chlorothalonil and SDS-3701 in water spinach were below 6.59â¯mg/kg and 0.01â¯mg/kg, respectively. The results suggested the chronic dietary risk probability of chlorothalonil was 51.95â59.15% in terms of all registered crops, and the acute dietary risk probability of chlorothalonil was 12.30%â63.01% in water spinach, highlighting that the dietary risk of chlorothalonil in water spinach under GAP was acceptable. MRL of chlorothalonil was proposed as 7â¯mg/kg for water spinach and 5 days was recommended as a safe pre-harvest interval (PHI) for chlorothalonil application in water spinach field.
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ãããã®ä»£è¬ç£ç© SDS-3701ïŒ4-ããããã·-2,5,6-ããª
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äžã®ã¯ããã¿ããã«ãš SDS-3701 ã®å¹³åæ®çéã¯ã
ãããã 6.59 mg / kg ãš 0.01 mg / kg æªæºã§ããã
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ããã¿ããã«ã® MRL ã¯ãããŠã¬ã³ãœãŠã§ã¯ 7 mg / kg
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Research article Comparative pharmacokinetics of tedizolid in rat plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Liqiang Gu, Munong Ma, Yuan Zhang, Lijiang Zhang, ... Suhong Chen
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104420
Google translation/AEIC trial
Original Google translation
To investigate the possibility of tedizolid phosphate's application in the treatment of intracranial infection, a preclinical comparative pharmacokinetic study was designed. Based on the assumption that the classic efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) may participate in the transportation of TDZ, two groups of rats were intravenously administered 6â¯mg/kg tedizolid phosphate alone or 6â¯mg/kg tedizolid phosphate combined with 1â¯mg/kg elacridar which was an inhibitor of P-gp and BCRP. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected according to a pharmacokinetic schedule. All the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples were assessed with a validated LC-MS/MS method. The penetration ratio of tedizolid from the blood to cerebrospinal fluid was calculated, and a comparison of the penetration ratios between the two groups was made. The mean Cmax of tedizolid in the CSF in the tedizolid phosphate group and the tedizolid phosphate combined with elacridar group was 154â¯ng/mL and 300â¯ng/mL, respectively, and the mean penetration ratio of tedizolid in the tedizolid phosphate group and the tedizolid phosphate combined with elacridar group was 2.16% and 3.53%, respectively. The relatively high Cmax in the CSF proved
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çµã¿åããããªã³é žããžãŸãªãã¯ããããã 154 ng /
mL ãš 300 ng / mL ã§ããããªã³é žããžãŸãªã矀ãšãªã³
é žããžãŸãªãã«ãããããžãŸãªãã®å¹³å浞éçãšã©ã¯ãª
ããŒã«çŸ€ãšçµã¿åããããšããããã 2.16ïŒ ãš
3.53ïŒ ã§ããã CSF ã®æ¯èŒçé«ã Cmax ã¯ãé è
å ææã®æ²»çã«ããããªã³é žããžãŸãªãã®é©çšã®å¯
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P-gp ãš BCRP ã tedizolid ã®èŒžéã«é¢äžããŠããå¯
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Google translation/AEIC trial
the possibility of tedizolid phosphate's application in the treatment of intracranial infection, and the higher penetration ratios, Cmax, csf and AUCcsf of the rats in co-administered elacridar group than those in the single-administration group indicated that the transporters P-gp and BCRP might be involved in the transportation of tedizolid.
Research article A weight of evidence approach to investigate potential common mechanisms in pesticide groups to support cumulative risk assessment: A case study with dinitroaniline pesticides Jeremy A. Leonard, Mark Nelms, Evisabel Craig, Monique Perron, ... Yu-Mei Tan
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104419
Original Google translation
In 2016, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Pesticide Programs published guidelines for establishing candidate common mechanism groups (CMGs) for cumulative risk assessment (CRA) weight-of-evidence-based screenings. A candidate CMG is a group of chemicals that may share similar structure, apical endpoints, and/or mechanistic data that suggest the potential for a common mechanism of toxicity among them. Here, a weight-of-evidence approach is presented to establish candidacy of a CMG for a group of nine dinitroaniline pesticides. This
2016 幎ã«ãç±³åœç°å¢ä¿è·åºïŒEPAïŒã®èŸ²è¬èšç»å±
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ããåè£ CMG ã¯ãé¡äŒŒã®æ§é ãå 端ã®ãšã³ããã€ã³
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確ç«ããããã«ã蚌æ ã®éã¿ä»ãã¢ãããŒããæ瀺
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ã¿ãšååŠæ§é ã®åæãšãšãã«ãäœçšæ©åºã決å®ããã
ãã®å©çšå¯èœãª in vivo æ¯æ§æ å ±ãšæç®ã®ã¬ãã¥ãŒ
ãå«ãŸããŸããããã€ãã®ãžãããã¢ããªã³ãš in vivo
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å ±ææšçèåšã®æ§é çé¡äŒŒæ§ã«ãããããããã°ã«
Google translation/AEIC trial
approach involves review of available in vivo toxicity information and literature to determine mode of action, along with analyses of in vitro toxicity data and chemical structure. Despite structural similarity among some dinitroanilines and some shared target organs identified through toxicity observed in in vivo studies, there were no consistencies among groups, suggesting lack of a common mechanism when all analyses are considered together. For example, two structurally similar compounds with thyroid/liver in vivo effects were not found active in any Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) in vitro assays. The weight-of-evidence is insufficient to support the testable hypothesis that dinitroanilines could form a CMG, and highlights the importance of establishing a consensus among multiple lines of evidence prior to CRA.
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ããšãã°ãç²ç¶è º/èèã® in vivo å¹æãæ〠2 ã€ã®
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Research article An investigation of the acute central nervous system effects of n-decane Richard H. McKee, Craig S. Nessel, Juan-Carlos Carrillo
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104421
Original Google translation
Acute central nervous system (CNS) depression is the most sensitive toxicological effect associated with aliphatic hydrocarbon exposure. No observed effect levels for the CNS effects of aliphatic constituents decrease with
æ¥æ§äžæ¢ç¥çµç³»ïŒCNSïŒãã€ç ã¯ãèèªæçåæ°ŽçŽ
ãžã®æé²ã«é¢é£ããæãææãªæ¯ç©åŠç圱é¿ã§ãã
ççŽ æ°ã C10 ã«å¢å ããŠãèèªææåã® CNS å¹æ
ã®å¹æã¬ãã«ã¯äœäžããŸããïŒLammers et alãã
2011; McKee et alãã2011ïŒãäžæ¹ãççŽ æ°ã> C10
ã®æåã¯ãæ倧å°éèžæ°ã§ CNS å¹æãçæããŸã
Google translation/AEIC trial
increasing carbon number to C10 (Lammers et al., 2011; McKee et al., 2011), whereas constituents with carbon numbersâ¯>â¯C10 do not produce CNS effects at maximally attainable vapor concentrations (Nilsen et al., 1988). Accordingly, as n-decane appeared to be the âworst caseâ for acute CNS effects among aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent constituents, experimental studies were conducted to more precisely define the no effect level. Rats were exposed for 8â¯h to n-decane, either constantly at 3000â¯mg/m3 or at higher levels using a discontinuous exposure protocol to assess the influence of fluctuating exposures. Neurobehavioral testing methods including visual discrimination performance and motor activity were used to assess performance, and concentrations of n-decane in blood and brain were measured to obtain pharmacokinetic data. No statistically significant differences were observed in the neurobehavioral tests, establishing 3000â¯mg/m3 as the no effect level for CNS effects in rats. These data support the recommended guidance value of 1050â¯mg/m3 for C9âC15 aliphatic hydrocarbons for use in calculating occupational exposure levels for complex hydrocarbon solvents and provide empirical evidence that advice from the ACGIH® that within a working day there should be no more than 3 fluctuations, not longer than 15â¯min and not exceeding
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ãã«ã³ã«åžžæ 3000mg / m3 ãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®ã¬ã
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ã¬ãã«ãšã㊠3000 mg / m3 ã確ç«ãããŸããããã
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奚ã¬ã€ãã³ã¹å€ 1050µmg / m3 ããµããŒããã
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Google translation/AEIC trial
3 times the Threshold Limit Value (TLV®), is reasonable for this group of substances.
Research article Allergenicity prediction of novel and modified proteins: Not a mission impossible! Development of a Random Forest allergenicity prediction model Joost Westerhout, Tanja Krone, Almar Snippe, Lilia Babé, ... Kitty CM. Verhoeckx
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104422
Original Google translation
Alternative and sustainable protein sources (e.g., algae, duckweed, insects) are required to produce (future) foods. However, introduction of new food sources to the market requires a thorough risk assessment of nutritional, microbial and toxicological risks and potential allergic responses. Yet, the risk assessment of allergenic potential of novel proteins is challenging. Currently, guidance for genetically modified proteins relies on a weight-of-evidence approach. Current Codex (2009) and EFSA (2010; 2017) guidance indicates that sequence identity to known allergens is acceptable for predicting the cross-reactive potential of novel proteins and resistance to pepsin digestion and glycosylation status is used for evaluating de novo allergenicity potential. Other physicochemical and biochemical protein properties, however, are not used in the current weight-of-evidence approach. In this study, we
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æçµçãªã¢ãã«ã«ã¯ã29 ã®å€æ°ãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
ãããã¯ãã¹ãŠãProtParam ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãš PSIPred
Protein Sequence Analysis ããã°ã©ã ã«ãã£ãŠã¿ã³
ãã¯è³ªã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã䜿çšããŠèšç®ãããŸããã
Google translation/AEIC trial
have used the Random Forest algorithm for developing an in silico model that yields a prediction of the allergenic potential of a protein based on its physicochemical and biochemical properties. The final model contains twenty-nine variables, which were all calculated using the protein sequence by means of the ProtParam software and the PSIPred Protein Sequence Analysis program. Proteins were assigned as allergenic when present in the COMPARE database. Results show a robust model performance with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy each greater than â¥85%. As the model only requires the protein sequence for calculations, it can be easily incorporated into the existing risk assessment approach. In conclusion, the model developed in this study improves the predictability of the allergenicity of new or modified food proteins, as demonstrated for insect proteins.
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Research article An FDA oncology analysis of toxicities associated with PBD-containing antibody-drug conjugates Haleh Saber, Natalie Simpson, Tiffany K. Ricks, John K. Leighton
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104429
Original Google translation
With a new generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that contain a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 2, the question
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Google translation/AEIC trial
remains whether advances in technology have resulted in more stable and tumor-specific ADCs. These ADCs are anticipated to cause minimal systemic exposures of payloads, with toxicities being evident mainly at tumor sites. We examined 15 ADCs with PBD-dimer payloads and a DAR of 2 and concluded that dose limiting toxicities in animals and in humans are generally related to the payload. Both the payloads and the ADCs had pro-inflammatory responses causing severe toxicities that were at times of low incidence, making it difficult to assess a cause-effect relationship. Due to their low incidence, single-patient cohorts may not detect these events and such design may not be suitable in first-in-human (FIH) trials. The commonly proposed approach by the sponsors for FIH dose selection was 1/6th highest non-severely toxic dose (HNSTD) in monkeys. This approach resulted in an acceptable balance of safety and efficient dose escalation in phase 1 trials, when using data from repeat-dose toxicology studies and body surface area for scaling. No sponsor used the data generated in rodents or proposed novel approaches for FIH dose selection.
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Research article Acute oral toxicity and repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity studies of MIL-101 nanoparticles Chia-Hung Liu, Hsien-Chun Chiu, Hsiang-Ling Sung, Jyun-Yi Yeh, ... Shing-Hwa Liu
Google translation/AEIC trial
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104426
Original Google translation
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanoparticles are a class of porous crystalline materials constructed from the bonding metal ions or clusters linked with organic ligands to form frameworks. MIL-101(Cr), one of the most representative MOFs, is a three-dimensional chromium terephthalate-base porous material consisted of chromium (III)-trimers cross-linked by 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate. The present study focused on determining the safety of MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticle. The acute oral toxicity and 28-day oral toxicity in mice were investigated. An acute oral toxicity test of MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticle for female mice showed that no mortality or any significant change observed at 2000â¯mg/kg body weight. A dose-dependent 28-day oral toxicity evaluation of MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticle for male and female mice revealed no significant effects on mortality, feed consumption, body weight, organ weight, and behavior. Assessments of hematology, clinical biochemistry, and histopathology revealed no adverse effects in mice treated with MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticle (10â1000â¯mg/kg). These results suggest that MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticle has no significant acute and subacute toxicity. The no observed adverse effect level of MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticle was defined as
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ã MIL-101ïŒCrïŒã¯ã1,4-ãã³ãŒã³ãžã«ã«ããã·ã¬ãŒã
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28 æ¥éçµå£æ¯æ§ã調æ»ããã MIL-101ïŒCrïŒããç²
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ã£ããç·æ§ããã³å¥³æ§ã®ããŠã¹ã«å¯Ÿãã MIL-101
ïŒCrïŒããç²åã®çšéäŸåæ§ã® 28 æ¥éçµå£æ¯æ§è©äŸ¡
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çååŠãããã³çµç¹ç çåŠã®è©äŸ¡ã§ã¯ãMIL-101
ïŒCrïŒããç²åïŒ10â1000 mg / kgïŒã§åŠçãããããŠ
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æãªæ¯æ§ããªãããšã瀺åããŠããŸãã MIL-101
ïŒCrïŒããç²åã®èŠ³å¯ãããæ害äœçšã¬ãã«ã¯ãéãš
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Google translation/AEIC trial
at least 1000â¯mg/kg/day orally for 28 days for male and female mice.
Research article Statistical analysis of the reproducibility and predictive capacity of MCTT HCE⢠eye irritation test, a me-too test method for OECD TG 492 Song-E Lim, Donghwan Lee, SeungJin Bae, Kyung-Min Lim
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104430
Original Google translation
We aimed to conduct additional statistical analysis of the reproducibility and predictive capacity of MCTT HCE⢠eye irritation test (EIT), a me-too test method for OECD TG 492 with the data generated during the validation study in which 30 reference chemicals were tested in three repeated runs by three independent laboratories. We evaluated the within-laboratory reproducibility (WLR) and the between-laboratory reproducibility (BLR) through tabulation and graphs and presented the concordance of eye irritancy prediction with 95% Wilson's confidence intervals (CIs). Also, the analyses of the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot were applied to confirm the reproducibility and the comparability, referring to the validated methods of OECD TG 492. Kappa analysis was also performed to check the degree of agreement of the within- and between-laboratory reproducibility and agreement between MCTT HCE⢠EIT
ç§ãã¡ã¯ãMCTT HCEâ¢çŒåºæ¿æ§è©ŠéšïŒEITïŒã®åçŸ
æ§ãšäºæž¬èœåã®è¿œå ã®çµ±èšåæãè¡ãããšãç®çãšã
ãŸãããããã¯ã30 ã®åç §ååŠç©è³ªã 3 ã€ã®ç¬ç«ã
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çŸæ§ãšæ¯èŒå¯èœæ§ã確èªããOECD TG 492 ã®æ€èšŒ
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ç §ååŠç©è³ªã®åçŽãªããŒã»ã³ã¿ã€ã«æ³ã«ãã£ãŠ 95ïŒ
CI ãè¡šçŸããŸããããŸãšãããšãWLRïŒ92.2ïŒ ïŒãš BLR
ïŒ93.3ïŒ ïŒã¯ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹åºæºïŒWLRWâ¥90ïŒ ãš
BLRâ¥ïŒ 85ïŒ ïŒã®åºæºãæºãããICC åæãš Bland-
Altman ããããã®çµæã¯èš±å®¹ã§ãã WLR ãš BLR ã
瀺åããŸãããŸãã30 ã®åç §ååŠç©è³ªã®äºæž¬èœåã®
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粟床ã®åºæºãæºããããšã«ãããMCTT HCEâ¢EIT
Google translation/AEIC trial
and the reference methods. We calculated the predictive capacity via misprediction over total prediction method. The predictive capacity (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) was presented with 95% of Wilson's CIs. Also, bootstrap resampling was performed to express the 95% CI by the simple percentile methods for 30 chemicals and 141 reference chemicals additionally tested. Collectively, WLR (92.2%) and BLR (93.3%) met the criteria of the performance standards (WLRâ¯â¥â¯90% and BLRâ¯â¥â¯85%), and the results of ICC analysis and the Bland-Altman plot suggested an acceptable WLR and BLR and comparability to other validated methods of OECD TG 492. Also, the predictive capacity results for the 30 reference chemicals confirmed the good performance of the MCTT HCE⢠EIT by satisfying the criteria of sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy stated in the PS. The bootstrap resampling method showed a predictive capacity, sufficiently satisfying the criteria stated in the Performance Standards.
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Research article Integrated in silico and in vitro genotoxicity assessment of thirteen data-poor substances Yen K. Tran, Julie K. Buick, Jennifer L.A. Keir, Andrew Williams, ... Carole L. Yauk
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104427
Original Google translation
Google translation/AEIC trial
The Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL) contains chemicals that have not been tested for genotoxicity as their use pre-dates regulatory requirements. In the present study, (quantitative) structure-activity relationships ((Q)SAR) model predictions and in vitro tests were conducted for genotoxicity assessment of 13 data-poor chemicals from the DSL (i.e. CAS numbers 19286-75-0, 13676-91-0, 2478-20-8, 6408-20-8, 74499-36-8, 26694-69-9, 29036-02-0, 120-24-1, 84696-48-9, 4051-63-2, 5718-26-3, 632-51-9, and 600-14-6). First, chemicals were screened by (Q)SAR models in Leadscope® and OASIS TIMES; two chemicals were excluded from (Q)SAR as they are complex mixtures. Six were flagged by (Q)SAR as potentially mutagenic and were subsequently confirmed as mutagens using the Ames assay. Of nine chemicals with clastogenic (Q)SAR flags, eight induced micronuclei in TK6 cells. Benchmark dose analysis was used to evaluate the potency of the chemicals. Four chemicals were bacterial mutagens with similar potencies. Three chemicals were more potent in micronuclei induction than the prototype alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate and three were equipotent to the mutagenic carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene in the presence of rat liver S9. Overall, 11 of the 13 DSL chemicals demonstrated at least one type of genotoxicity in vitro. This study demonstrates the application of
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Google translation/AEIC trial
genotoxic potency analysis for prioritizing further investigations.
Review Article Comparative study of feminine hygiene product regulations in Korea, the European Union, and the United States Jin Il Kwak, Sun-Hwa Nam, Dasom Kim, Youn-Joo An
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104397
Original Google translation
Recently, Korean consumers have experienced public health issues as a result of problematic feminine hygiene products. Consumers and local civic groups have urged manufacturers and the Korean government to provide clear information based on comprehensive studies and strengthen related policies. In this study, we collected and compiled information on the relevant regulations and organizations in Korea, the European Union, and the United States to compare the management systems and legal status of feminine hygiene products around the world. We confirmed that the definition of feminine hygiene products is similar for Korea, the EU, and the US; however, they are categorized as quasi-drugs in Korea, general products in the EU, and medical devices in US according to various regulations. Although we cannot completely prevent human exposure to chemicals in modern society, it is vital to establish a management system for the safe use and production of
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Google translation/AEIC trial
feminine hygiene products in a scientifically and legally sound manner. This research can contribute to the regulatory toxicology and risk assessment fields of feminine hygiene product research.
Review article An update on the animal studies conducted for biosimilar approvals â Regulatory requirement vs actual scenario Parag Pipalava, Ronak Patel, Miten Mehta, Meghana Dahiya, ... Vinu Jose
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104415
Original Google translation
Nonclinical animal studies are considered as an integral part of biosimilar development program to demonstrate similarity and safety. We have compiled, reviewed and summarized animal studies conducted for European Medicines Agency (EMA) and United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) submission from 2006 till December 2018. The commonest animal studies conducted included repeat-dose toxicity study along with toxicokinetic, local tolerance and immunogenicity assessments, while the least common included primary pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, safety pharmacology and single-dose toxicity studies. Animal studies were designed based on pharmacology of the drug, disease condition and innovator studies. Studies mostly used EU-sourced
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Google translation/AEIC trial
reference products as a comparator. For biosimilars approved both in the US and European Union (EU), similar data packages were submitted to these regions. Despite the regulatory guidelines allowing waiver of animal studies based on analytical data, animal studies have been conducted for almost all the approved biosimilars in the US and EU. There is an increasing need to re-assess the relevance of animal studies to support regulatory approval of biosimilars. Stepwise assessment for biosimilarity and conducting animal studies only if required at the right instance based on residual uncertainties may assist in optimizing animal study requirement for biosimilar development.
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Letter to Editor Exaggeration of health risk of congener alcohols in unrecorded alcohol: does this mislead alcohol policy efforts? Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Stephan G. Walch, JÃŒrgen Rehm
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104432
Original Google translation
Correspondence Can be the health risk from consumption of unrecorded fruit spirits containing alcohols other than ethanol ruled out? Orsolya Bujdosó, László Pál, Attila Nagy, Ervin Ãrnyas, ... Sándor Szűcs
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104431
Google translation/AEIC trial
Original Google translation
Correspondence Letter to the editor regarding the article âIs a combination of assays really needed for non-animal prediction of skin sensitization potential? Performance of the GARD⢠(Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection) assay in comparison with OECD guideline assays alone and in combination.â Andy Forreryd, Henrik Johansson, Tim Lindberg, Kathrin S. Zeller, Malin Lindstedt
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104439
Original Google translation
Corrigendum Corrigendum to âIs there any difference between the health risk from consumption
of recorded and unrecorded spirits containing alcohols other than ethanol? A
population-based comparative risk assessmentâ [Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 106
(2019) 334â345]
Orsolya Bujdosó, László Pál, Attila Nagy, Ervin Ãrnyas, ... Sándor Szűcs
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104412
Original Google translation
Open Access Articles
Regular Articles Curation and analysis of clinical pathology parameters and histopathologic findings from eTOXsys, a large database project (eTOX) for toxicologic studies Mark D. Pinches, Robert Thomas, Rosemary Porter, Lucinda Camidge, Katharine Briggs
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104396
Google translation/AEIC trial
Original Google translation
Large data sharing projects amongst the pharmaceutical industry have the potential to generate new insights using data on a scale that has not been previously available. A retrospective analysis of the preclinical toxicology data collected as part of the eTOX project was conducted with the aim to provide background rates and treatment-related value analysis on both clinical pathology and histopathology datasets. Incorporated into this analysis was an extensive data consolidation task to standardise all data. Reference intervals for common clinical pathology parameters in rat and dog were generated, alongside background histopathology incidence rates in the liver, heart and kidney. Systematically applied decision thresholds allowed consistent relabelling of data points considered anomalous, and maximum fold change estimates. Relabelling of anomalous data points was conducted for the histopathology data using a Bayesian model to identify dose-dependent increases in pathologies. The results of this study allow: newly generated data to be analysed using the same methodology, rates and distributions to be used when building predictive dose-response models, and the possibility to correlate clinical pathology findings with concurrent histopathology findings. In
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Google translation/AEIC trial
the first half of this paper we discuss data curation, in the second half we report on the analytical methods and results.
Research article Genetic toxicology in silico protocol Catrin Hasselgren, Ernst Ahlberg, Yumi Akahori, Alexander Amberg, ... Glenn J. Myatt
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104403
Original Google translation
In silico toxicology (IST) approaches to rapidly assess chemical hazard, and usage of such methods is increasing in all applications but especially for regulatory submissions, such as for assessing chemicals under REACH as well as the ICH M7 guideline for drug impurities. There are a number of obstacles to performing an IST assessment, including uncertainty in how such an assessment and associated expert review should be performed or what is fit for purpose, as well as a lack of confidence that the results will be accepted by colleagues, collaborators and regulatory authorities. To address this, a project to develop a series of IST protocols for different hazard endpoints has been initiated and this paper describes the genetic toxicity in silico (GIST) protocol. The protocol outlines a hazard assessment framework including key effects/mechanisms and their relationships to endpoints such as gene mutation and clastogenicity. IST
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Google translation/AEIC trial
models and data are reviewed that support the assessment of these effects/mechanisms along with defined approaches for combining the information and evaluating the confidence in the assessment. This protocol has been developed through a consortium of toxicologists, computational scientists, and regulatory scientists across several industries to support the implementation and acceptance of in silico approaches.
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Research article Investigation of number of replicate measurements required to meet cigarette smoke chemistry regulatory requirements measured under Canadian intense smoking conditions Alison Eldridge, Tatiana Betson, Marcos Vinicius Gama, Graham Errington, Kevin McAdam
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104402
Original Google translation
There has been increased interest in recent years in regulatory reporting of cigarette smoke toxicants. There is a great deal of diversity in current regulatory standards around the world in terms of the identities of regulated toxicants, and the number of replicate analyses stipulated for their measurement. Furthermore, analytical methods developed collaboratively by several organisations and intended for regulatory analysis generally differ in their recommended replicate numbers to
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Google translation/AEIC trial
those stipulated by regulators. In view of these inconsistencies, we undertook an exercise to examine the most appropriate numbers of replicates required for regulatory analysis of cigarette smoke toxicants. A one-point-in-time sampling exercise was undertaken of the German cigarette market, with 161 brands sampled and analysed in a single laboratory using Canadian Intense smoking conditions. Seven replicate measurements were made for each analyte and product, other than nicotine, CO and nicotine-free dry particulate matter for which eight replicate measurements were made. After confirming the absence of order of analysis effects, a variety of statistical tests (such as group assessment, paired comparisons, linear regression models and ratio analysis) were conducted examining mean values, SDs and CVs to identify the role of numbers of analytical replicates on data quality. The statistical analysis showed no difference in mean values for any of the 18 toxicants irrespective of replicate numbers (between 3 and 7 or 8). The large majority of analytes showed no difference in data variability with replicate number; but some very small differences (much lower than within product variability) were observed for a minority of compounds. Similarly, paired analysis showed no significant differences between mean values
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Google translation/AEIC trial
obtained using different replicate numbers in most cases, apart from very low differences (<5%) for a small number. Linear regression analysis showed correlations around 96 to 98% (other than crotonaldehyde at 91%) between values obtained with 3 vs 7 replicates. Similarly, per product mean value ratio analysis showed 95% consistency between values obtained with 3 and 7 replicates. We therefore conclude that three replicates is sufficient for precise determination of cigarette mainstream smoke toxicant emissions, and that use of 7 replicates as stipulated in some regulator jurisdictions does not offer any greater accuracy or precision.
Research article Use of social media to establish vapers puffing behaviour: Findings and implications for laboratory evaluation of e-cigarette emissions Kevin McAdam, Anna Warrington, Alice Hughes, David Adams, ... Christopher Proctor
Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2019; 107: Article 104423
Original Google translation
The recent growth in e-cigarette use has presented many challenges to Public Health research, including understanding the potential for e-cigarettes to generate toxic aerosol constituents during use. Recent research has established that the way e-cigarettes are puffed influences the magnitude of emissions from these devices, with puff
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Google translation/AEIC trial
duration the dominant driving force. Standardised puffing machine methods are being developed to harmonise testing approaches across laboratories, but critical to their success is the degree with which they accurately reflect vapers real-world puffing behaviours (topography). Relatively limited data is available examining the way vapers puff, with significant inconsistencies between studies. Here we report the creation and analysis of a large database of public-domain vaping videos to establish e-cigarettes puffing behaviour in near natural settings. Over 300 videos containing 1200 puffing events from 252 vapers were obtained from social media sources, divided approximately equally amongst cigalike, Ego and Advanced Personal Vapouriser (âAPVâ, also referred to as âboxmodâ) types of e-cigarettes. Analysis showed that similar mean puff durations were found for all three categories of vaping devices. This includes direct-to-lung as well as mouth-to-lung puffing behaviours. A 3â¯s puff duration, as used in the recently published ISO puffing standard ISO 20,768:2018, appears appropriate for average behaviours. However, the wide diversity of puffing durations observed amongst vapers means it may be challenging to identify a simple yet comprehensively representative single machine-puffing regimen for laboratory studies. A puff
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Google translation/AEIC trial
duration of around 5.6â¯s appears to represent 95th percentile puffing behaviours amongst vapers and may be an appropriate choice for scientists and regulators seeking an additional more intense puffing regime. A range of new behavioural patterns have been identified whose impact on aerosol exposure need to be considered. Public-domain video records of vapers provides valuable and accessible insights into real-world use behaviours. It is freely available, and constantly updated with new material, and therefore provides a valuable resource for scientists seeking to understand real-world vaping behaviours.
Google translation/AEIC trial