g.o.p. rivals jabsanders was at rubio to … 07, 2016 · vol.clxv . . no. 57,135 © 2016 ... the...

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VOL. CLXV .. No. 57,135 © 2016 The New York Times NEW YORK, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 2016 This article is by Donald G. McNeil Jr., Simon Romero and Sabrina Tavernise. Something strange was happening last August in the maternity wards of Recife, a seaside city perched on Brazil’s east- ernmost tip, where the country juts into the Atlantic. “Doctors, pediatricians, neurologists, they started finding this thing we never had seen,” said Dr. Celina M. Turchi, an infectious diseases researcher at the Os- waldo Cruz Foundation, a prominent sci- entific institute in Brazil. “Children with normal faces up to the eyebrows, and then you have no foreheads and very strange heads,” she recalled, referring to the condi- tion known as microcephaly. “The doctors were saying, ‘Well, I saw four today,’ and, ‘Oh that’s strange, because I saw two.’” Aside from their alarming ap- pearance, many of the babies seemed healthy. “They cried,” Dr. Turchi said. “They breast-fed well. They just didn’t seem to be ill.” Doctors were stumped. They did not know it then, but they were seeing the first swell of a horrifying wave. A little-known sex with men who have visited those countries, following a report of sexual transmission of the virus in Dallas last week. They have led health ministers of five countries to say something so unthink- able that none had ever uttered it before: Women, please delay having children. The virus now threatens the economies of fragile nations and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. It has opened a new front in the debate in heavily Ro- man Catholic countries about a woman’s right to birth control and abortion. And the children stricken with mi- crocephaly, or abnormally small heads, have doctors everywhere asking: What is this virus? How could it have been around for almost 70 years without us realizing its power? What do we tell our patients about a bug that can hide in a mos- quito’s proboscis and a man’s se- men, even in human saliva or urine? What do we tell young women who ask if their unborn babies are safe? “This epidemic is an unfolding story,” said Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, di- rector of the National Institute of Al- pathogen — the Zika virus, carried by mosquitoes — had been circulating in Brazil for at least a year. It would later be- come the chief suspect in the hunt to work out what had happened to those new- borns. Since then, those tiny babies have led the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency. They have prompted warnings to pregnant women to avoid countries where the virus is cir- culating, even to refrain from unprotected Medical Mystery With a Global Reach FERNANDO VERGARA/ASSOCIATED PRESS An Aedes aegypti mosquito, the carrier of Zika virus, which has island-hopped for years eastward across the Pacific. Search to Explain Birth Defects in Brazil Led to Zika Virus MAURICIO LIMA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES A Brazilian soldier inspected a water cask in a yard looking for mosquito larvae in Recife, where doctors saw a startling increase in birth defects. Continued on Page 10 By JAD MOUAWAD Helped by falling oil prices, air- lines are reporting record profits, but for many passengers this sudden bonanza has meant little more than extra bags of free pea- nuts and pretzels. The four biggest domestic car- riers American Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Delta Air Lines and United Airlines — to- gether earned about $22 billion in profits last year, a stunning turn- around after a decade of losses, bankruptcies and cutbacks. A big reason for this is the plunging price of jet fuel, which now costs only a third of what it did just two years ago. But that windfall is only slowly finding its way down the aisles. Days after reporting record prof- its, for instance, two of the na- tion’s biggest airlines brought back free snacks in coach. United said it would begin Airline Windfall Means Peanuts For Passengers Continued on Page 4 By JOHN ELIGON ST. LOUIS — Within days of the fatal police shooting of Mi- chael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., in August 2014, Maria Chappelle- Nadal huffed amid a crush of pro- testers, waving a cardboard cut- out of the white governor’s face above her head. “Black community!” she shouted. “This is your governor! This is your governor that can’t care less about the black commu- nity!” In the weeks and months that followed, DeRay Mckesson, a public school administrator turned activist, frequently pro- vided blunt Twitter critiques of the police response in Ferguson. “SWAT vehicle pulls up. Offi- cer emerges. Points gun at us. America,” he wrote in one post. Now Ms. Chappelle-Nadal and Mr. Mckesson are among a num- ber of activists nationwide at- tempting to turn their raw activ- ism into political muscle. Ms. Chappelle-Nadal, current- ly a state senator in Missouri, is looking to unseat Representative William Lacy Clay Jr., an eight- term incumbent whose father JEFF ROBERSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS Maria Chappelle-Nadal, left center, protested and DeRay Mckesson was arrested over Ferguson. Continued on Page 13 WHITNEY CURTIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES From Street to Ballot, Emboldened by Protests By CHARLIE SAVAGE and AIDA ALAMI WASHINGTON — Younis Sho- kuri, a Moroccan detainee at the Guantánamo Bay prison, said he feared being repatriated to his native country. But the Moroccan government told the United States that it would probably re- lease him without charges 72 hours after any transfer. So last September, Mr. Shokuri went home — reluctantly, but volun- tarily. But despite its assurances, Mo- rocco has kept Mr. Shokuri in custody and is weighing criminal charges, apparently focused on allegations that he was involved with a Moroccan terrorist group before his capture in Afghanistan in late 2001. Mr. Shokuri’s law- yers have demanded that the Obama administration press Mo- rocco to live up to what they thought was a deal. Both governments have said little to explain the discrepancy. Several officials familiar with behind-the-scenes legal and dip- lomatic discussions are now shedding light on the murky epi- sode. Beyond its importance for Mr. Shokuri, his situation illustrates how difficult — and messy — it can be to winnow down the ranks of detainees viewed as posing a lower-level security risk at the Guantánamo prison, which the Obama administration still wants to close in its final year in office. Of the 91 remaining detainees, 34 are recommended for transfer, and a parole-like review group has been adding names to the list. Each man presents a prob- lem: The government has to find a place that is willing to take him and that can be trusted to keep an eye on him without abusing him. Republicans in Congress who oppose closing the prison fre- quently criticize transfers, noting that some former detainees have gone on to engage in terrorist ac- Released From Guantánamo, But in Legal Limbo in Morocco Continued on Page 7 By STEVE EDER and DAVE PHILIPPS There were reports of secret waiting lists to hide long delays in care. Whistle-blowers said as many as 40 veterans had died waiting for appointments. And Congress was demanding an- swers. Despite mounting evidence of trouble at the Department of Vet- erans Affairs, Senator Bernie Sanders, then the chairman of the Senate Veterans Affairs Com- mittee, initially regarded the complaints as overblown, and as a play by conservatives to weak- en one of the country’s largest so- cial welfare institutions. “There is, right now, as we speak, a concerted effort to un- dermine the V.A.,” Mr. Sanders said in May 2014, two weeks after the story was picked up by na- tional news organizations. “You have folks out there now — Koch brothers and others — who want to radically change the nature of society, and either make major cuts in all of these institutions, or maybe do away with them en- tirely.” But the scandal deepened: The secretary of veterans affairs re- signed. Reports showed major problems at dozens of V.A. hospi- tals. And an Obama administra- tion review revealed “significant and chronic systemic leadership failures” in the hospital system. Mr. Sanders eventually changed course, becoming crit- ical of the agency and ultimately joining with Senator John Mc- Cain, the Arizona Republican, and other colleagues to draft a bi- Continued on Page 17 Sanders Was Slow to Accept V.A. Problems Senator Initially Saw A Conservative Plot Rescuers searched for survivors, below, after an earthquake toppled an apart- ment building in Tainan. PAGE 5 Scouring the Rubble in Taiwan A Virginia Tech professor’s team of stu- dent scientists helped focus attention on water problems in Flint, Mich. PAGE 12 NATIONAL 12-19 Lab That Earned Flint’s Trust Maureen Dowd PAGE 1 SUNDAY REVIEW U(D5E71D)x+z!.!/!=!. He is charged as Jeremy Wilson, but af- ter 25 years of cons, even his name may be a ruse. PAGE 1 METROPOLITAN An Impostor’s Lives and Lies How Roger Goodell and the N.F.L. own- ers created the most powerful sports league in American history. PAGE 38 THE MAGAZINE The Super League The police say a New Jersey lawyer killed himself and his wife of 47 years. Their sons refuse to believe it. PAGE 52 Who Killed the Sheridans? The lives today of Willie Wood, a Pack- ers star of Super Bowl I, and the Chiefs’ Len Dawson differ starkly. PAGE 8 SPORTSSUNDAY Football Stars’ Paths Diverge Some Hong Kong publishers had lucra- tive businesses in books that mixed ru- mor, speculation and outright fiction in stories about China’s elite. Now, the publishers are caught up in a real-life thriller as several associates of one dis- tributor have gone missing. PAGE 1 SUNDAY BUSINESS Books That Make Enemies Planting some noncommercial crops in the off season seemed like an antiquat- ed practice, replaced by fertilizers. But farmers are rediscovering cover crops as a natural way to help prevent ero- sion, keep topsoil healthy and increase yields. PAGE 1 A Practice With Deep Roots The ads. The halftime show. Even the game. Full Super Bowl 50 coverage live on Sunday night at nytimes.com. Super Bowl 50 Live John L. Tishman, 90, was a master builder of the 20th century. PAGE 19 OBITUARIES 19-21 Sculptor of American Skylines By PATRICK HEALY and JONATHAN MARTIN MANCHESTER, N.H. — Sena- tor Marco Rubio of Florida was hammered as callow, ambitious and lacking in accomplishment during the Republican presiden- tial debate here on Saturday night, as Gov. Chris Christie of New Jersey led an all-out assault to try to halt Mr. Rubio’s growing momentum ahead of the critical New Hampshire primary on Tuesday. Mr. Rubio, facing the fiercest attacks yet of the Republican race after his strong third-place finish in the Iowa caucuses, looked rattled at times and fal- tered as he pushed back with scripted lines about President Obama that Mr. Christie mocked mercilessly. While the Republi- cans clashed on issues like abor- tion and torture, the concerted ef- fort to take down Mr. Rubio dom- inated the debate. Former Gov. Jeb Bush of Flor- ida and Donald J. Trump also pounced on Mr. Rubio, whose ris- ing popularity in New Hampshire poses a grave threat to their can- didacies. But it was Mr. Christie who was the most pointed and personal in his derision of Mr. Ru- bio — a strategy that may not ul- timately bring him votes, but could wound Mr. Rubio just as he has been ascending. G.O.P. RIVALS JAB AT RUBIO TO TRY TO SLOW HIS RISE CHRISTIE GOES ON ATTACK A High-Stakes Debate as Tuesday Vote Could Winnow Field STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES Senator Marco Rubio and Donald J. Trump during a debate Saturday. Mr. Rubio was a target of criticism from his rivals. Continued on Page 16 The North says its program is peaceful, but Secretary of State John Kerry called the action a “major provocation.” PAGE 6 INTERNATIONAL 5-11 North Korea Launches Rocket Today, mostly sunny, a bit milder in the afternoon. High 47. Tonight, mostly cloudy, low 33. Tomorrow, mostly cloudy, snow or flurries, high 39. Weather map, Page 14. $6 beyond the greater New York metropolitan area. $5.00 Late Edition

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VOL. CLXV . . No. 57,135 © 2016 The New York Times NEW YORK, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 2016

This article is by Donald G. McNeil Jr.,Simon Romero and Sabrina Tavernise.

Something strange was happening lastAugust in the maternity wards of Recife,a seaside city perched on Brazil’s east-ernmost tip, where the country juts intothe Atlantic.

“Doctors, pediatricians, neurologists,they started finding this thing we neverhad seen,” said Dr. Celina M. Turchi, aninfectious diseases researcher at the Os-waldo Cruz Foundation, a prominent sci-entific institute in Brazil.

“Children with normal faces up tothe eyebrows, and then you have noforeheads and very strange heads,”she recalled, referring to the condi-tion known as microcephaly. “Thedoctors were saying, ‘Well, I sawfour today,’ and, ‘Oh that’s strange,because I saw two.’”

Aside from their alarming ap-pearance, many of the babiesseemed healthy.

“They cried,” Dr. Turchi said.“They breast-fed well. They justdidn’t seem to be ill.”

Doctors were stumped.They did not know it then, but

they were seeing the first swell of ahorrifying wave. A little-known

sex with men who have visited thosecountries, following a report of sexualtransmission of the virus in Dallas lastweek.

They have led health ministers of fivecountries to say something so unthink-able that none had ever uttered it before:Women, please delay having children.

The virus now threatens the economiesof fragile nations and the 2016 SummerOlympics in Rio de Janeiro. It has openeda new front in the debate in heavily Ro-

man Catholic countries about awoman’s right to birth control andabortion.

And the children stricken with mi-crocephaly, or abnormally smallheads, have doctors everywhereasking: What is this virus? Howcould it have been around for almost70 years without us realizing itspower? What do we tell our patientsabout a bug that can hide in a mos-quito’s proboscis and a man’s se-men, even in human saliva or urine?What do we tell young women whoask if their unborn babies are safe?

“This epidemic is an unfoldingstory,” said Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, di-rector of the National Institute of Al-

pathogen — the Zika virus, carried bymosquitoes — had been circulating inBrazil for at least a year. It would later be-come the chief suspect in the hunt to workout what had happened to those new-borns.

Since then, those tiny babies have ledthe World Health Organization to declarea public health emergency. They haveprompted warnings to pregnant womento avoid countries where the virus is cir-culating, even to refrain from unprotected

Medical Mystery With a Global Reach

FERNANDO VERGARA/ASSOCIATED PRESS

An Aedes aegypti mosquito, the carrier of Zika virus, which has island-hopped for years eastward across the Pacific.

Search to Explain Birth Defects in Brazil Led to Zika Virus

MAURICIO LIMA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

A Brazilian soldier inspected a water cask in ayard looking for mosquito larvae in Recife, wheredoctors saw a startling increase in birth defects. Continued on Page 10

By JAD MOUAWAD

Helped by falling oil prices, air-lines are reporting record profits,but for many passengers thissudden bonanza has meant littlemore than extra bags of free pea-nuts and pretzels.

The four biggest domestic car-riers — American Airlines,Southwest Airlines, Delta AirLines and United Airlines — to-gether earned about $22 billion inprofits last year, a stunning turn-around after a decade of losses,bankruptcies and cutbacks. A bigreason for this is the plungingprice of jet fuel, which now costsonly a third of what it did just twoyears ago.

But that windfall is only slowlyfinding its way down the aisles.Days after reporting record prof-its, for instance, two of the na-tion’s biggest airlines broughtback free snacks in coach.

United said it would begin

AirlineWindfall

Means Peanuts

For Passengers

Continued on Page 4

By JOHN ELIGON

ST. LOUIS — Within days ofthe fatal police shooting of Mi-chael Brown in Ferguson, Mo., inAugust 2014, Maria Chappelle-Nadal huffed amid a crush of pro-testers, waving a cardboard cut-out of the white governor’s faceabove her head.

“Black community!” she

shouted. “This is your governor!This is your governor that can’tcare less about the black commu-nity!”

In the weeks and months thatfollowed, DeRay Mckesson, apublic school administratorturned activist, frequently pro-vided blunt Twitter critiques ofthe police response in Ferguson.

“SWAT vehicle pulls up. Offi-cer emerges. Points gun at us.

America,” he wrote in one post.Now Ms. Chappelle-Nadal and

Mr. Mckesson are among a num-ber of activists nationwide at-tempting to turn their raw activ-ism into political muscle.

Ms. Chappelle-Nadal, current-ly a state senator in Missouri, islooking to unseat RepresentativeWilliam Lacy Clay Jr., an eight-term incumbent whose father

JEFF ROBERSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Maria Chappelle-Nadal, left center, protested and DeRay Mckesson was arrested over Ferguson.

Continued on Page 13

WHITNEY CURTIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

From Street to Ballot, Emboldened by Protests

By CHARLIE SAVAGE and AIDA ALAMI

WASHINGTON — Younis Sho-kuri, a Moroccan detainee at theGuantánamo Bay prison, said hefeared being repatriated to hisnative country. But the Moroccangovernment told the UnitedStates that it would probably re-lease him without charges 72hours after any transfer. So lastSeptember, Mr. Shokuri wenthome — reluctantly, but volun-tarily.

But despite its assurances, Mo-rocco has kept Mr. Shokuri incustody and is weighing criminalcharges, apparently focused onallegations that he was involvedwith a Moroccan terrorist groupbefore his capture in Afghanistanin late 2001. Mr. Shokuri’s law-yers have demanded that theObama administration press Mo-rocco to live up to what theythought was a deal.

Both governments have saidlittle to explain the discrepancy.

Several officials familiar withbehind-the-scenes legal and dip-

lomatic discussions are nowshedding light on the murky epi-sode.

Beyond its importance for Mr.Shokuri, his situation illustrateshow difficult — and messy — itcan be to winnow down the ranksof detainees viewed as posing alower-level security risk at theGuantánamo prison, which theObama administration still wantsto close in its final year in office.

Of the 91 remaining detainees,34 are recommended for transfer,and a parole-like review grouphas been adding names to thelist. Each man presents a prob-lem: The government has to finda place that is willing to take himand that can be trusted to keepan eye on him without abusinghim.

Republicans in Congress whooppose closing the prison fre-quently criticize transfers, notingthat some former detainees havegone on to engage in terrorist ac-

Released From Guantánamo,

But in Legal Limbo in Morocco

Continued on Page 7

By STEVE EDER and DAVE PHILIPPS

There were reports of secretwaiting lists to hide long delaysin care. Whistle-blowers said asmany as 40 veterans had diedwaiting for appointments. AndCongress was demanding an-swers.

Despite mounting evidence oftrouble at the Department of Vet-erans Affairs, Senator BernieSanders, then the chairman ofthe Senate Veterans Affairs Com-mittee, initially regarded thecomplaints as overblown, and asa play by conservatives to weak-en one of the country’s largest so-cial welfare institutions.

“There is, right now, as wespeak, a concerted effort to un-dermine the V.A.,” Mr. Sanderssaid in May 2014, two weeks afterthe story was picked up by na-tional news organizations. “Youhave folks out there now — Kochbrothers and others — who wantto radically change the nature ofsociety, and either make majorcuts in all of these institutions, ormaybe do away with them en-tirely.”

But the scandal deepened: Thesecretary of veterans affairs re-signed. Reports showed majorproblems at dozens of V.A. hospi-tals. And an Obama administra-tion review revealed “significantand chronic systemic leadershipfailures” in the hospital system.

Mr. Sanders eventuallychanged course, becoming crit-ical of the agency and ultimatelyjoining with Senator John Mc-Cain, the Arizona Republican,and other colleagues to draft a bi-

Continued on Page 17

Sanders WasSlow to AcceptV.A. Problems

Senator Initially Saw

A Conservative Plot

Rescuers searched for survivors, below,after an earthquake toppled an apart-ment building in Tainan. PAGE 5

Scouring the Rubble in Taiwan

A Virginia Tech professor’s team of stu-dent scientists helped focus attention onwater problems in Flint, Mich. PAGE 12

NATIONAL 12-19

Lab That Earned Flint’s Trust

Maureen Dowd PAGE 1

SUNDAY REVIEW

U(D5E71D)x+z!.!/!=!.

He is charged as Jeremy Wilson, but af-ter 25 years of cons, even his name maybe a ruse. PAGE 1

METROPOLITAN

An Impostor’s Lives and Lies

How Roger Goodell and the N.F.L. own-ers created the most powerful sportsleague in American history. PAGE 38

THE MAGAZINE

The Super League

The police say a New Jersey lawyerkilled himself and his wife of 47 years.Their sons refuse to believe it. PAGE 52

Who Killed the Sheridans?

The lives today of Willie Wood, a Pack-ers star of Super Bowl I, and the Chiefs’Len Dawson differ starkly. PAGE 8

SPORTSSUNDAY

Football Stars’ Paths Diverge

Some Hong Kong publishers had lucra-tive businesses in books that mixed ru-mor, speculation and outright fiction instories about China’s elite. Now, thepublishers are caught up in a real-lifethriller as several associates of one dis-tributor have gone missing. PAGE 1

SUNDAY BUSINESS

Books That Make Enemies

Planting some noncommercial crops inthe off season seemed like an antiquat-ed practice, replaced by fertilizers. Butfarmers are rediscovering cover cropsas a natural way to help prevent ero-sion, keep topsoil healthy and increaseyields. PAGE 1

A Practice With Deep Roots

The ads. The halftime show. Even thegame. Full Super Bowl 50 coverage liveon Sunday night at nytimes.com.

Super Bowl 50 Live

John L. Tishman, 90, was a masterbuilder of the 20th century. PAGE 19

OBITUARIES 19-21

Sculptor of American Skylines

By PATRICK HEALY and JONATHAN MARTIN

MANCHESTER, N.H. — Sena-tor Marco Rubio of Florida washammered as callow, ambitiousand lacking in accomplishmentduring the Republican presiden-tial debate here on Saturdaynight, as Gov. Chris Christie ofNew Jersey led an all-out assaultto try to halt Mr. Rubio’s growingmomentum ahead of the criticalNew Hampshire primary onTuesday.

Mr. Rubio, facing the fiercestattacks yet of the Republicanrace after his strong third-placefinish in the Iowa caucuses,looked rattled at times and fal-tered as he pushed back withscripted lines about PresidentObama that Mr. Christie mockedmercilessly. While the Republi-cans clashed on issues like abor-tion and torture, the concerted ef-fort to take down Mr. Rubio dom-inated the debate.

Former Gov. Jeb Bush of Flor-ida and Donald J. Trump alsopounced on Mr. Rubio, whose ris-ing popularity in New Hampshireposes a grave threat to their can-didacies. But it was Mr. Christiewho was the most pointed andpersonal in his derision of Mr. Ru-bio — a strategy that may not ul-timately bring him votes, butcould wound Mr. Rubio just as hehas been ascending.

G.O.P. RIVALS JABAT RUBIO TO TRYTO SLOW HIS RISE

CHRISTIE GOES ON ATTACK

A High-Stakes Debate as

Tuesday Vote Could

Winnow Field

STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Senator Marco Rubio and Donald J. Trump during a debateSaturday. Mr. Rubio was a target of criticism from his rivals.

Continued on Page 16

The North says its program is peaceful,but Secretary of State John Kerry calledthe action a “major provocation.” PAGE 6

INTERNATIONAL 5-11

North Korea Launches Rocket

Today, mostly sunny, a bit milderin the afternoon. High 47. Tonight,mostly cloudy, low 33. Tomorrow,mostly cloudy, snow or flurries,high 39. Weather map, Page 14.

$6 beyond the greater New York metropolitan area. $5.00

Late Edition

C M Y K Nxxx,2016-02-07,A,001,Bs-BK,E3