gothic art and architecture
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Brief overview of Gothic art and architectureTRANSCRIPT
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Gothic
Dates and Places: • 12th to 14th century• Western Europe
(begins in France)
People:• Growth of urban
centers• Sophisticated courts• Scholasticism• Cult of Virgin Mary
Reims Cathedral, ca. 1225–1290.
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Gothic FranceThemes:• Virgin Mary • Life of Christ and saints• Portraits • Secular lifeForms:• Immense churches• Increasingly optical
approach to figures and space
• Lavish ornament and materials
Saint Theodore, Chartres Cathedral, ca. 1230.
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Gothic: FranceExample:
• Birth of Gothic style
• Abbot Suger
• Royal church
• Rib vaults and pointed arches
• Open space
• Stained glass windows, symbolic light = lux nova
Plan, abbey church, Saint-Denis, 1140–1144.
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Gothic: FranceExample:
• Flying buttresses
• Quadrant arches
• Rose windows
• Towers on heavily ornamented westwork
• Large clerestory of stained glass windows
• Skeletal support system
Notre-Dame, begun 1163.
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Gothic: France
Example:
• Stained glass window
• Lux nova
• Stories of the Christian faith
• Virgin Mary
• Bar tracery
Rose window and lancets, Chartres Cathedral, ca. 1220.
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Gothic: France
Example: • Gothic architects seek
height • Nave bays with
arcade, triforium, and clerestory
• Rib vaults, colonettes, compound piers
• Flying buttresses outside
Amiens Cathedral, begun 1220.
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Gothic: FranceExample:
• Portal jamb sculpture
• Compare to Royal Portal at Chartres
• Increasing naturalism
• Figures released from vertical support
• Influence of classical sculpture
• Cult of Mary: VisitationAnnunciation and Visitation,
Reims Cathedral, ca. 1230–1255.
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Gothic: France
Example:
• Skeletal support
• Walls replaced by stained glass
• Rib vaults, mullions
• Rayonnant style
Sainte-Chapelle, 1243–1248.
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Gothic: FranceExample:
• Illuminated manuscript
• Produced in urban workshops
• Luxury books for private patrons
• Contemporary architectural style
• Courtly eleganceBlanche of Castile, Louis IX, and
two monks, 1226–1234.
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Gothic: EnglandExample:
• English regional variation
• Rectilinear forms
• Two transepts
• Short façade and vaults
• Single aisles
• Color contrastsSalisbury Cathedral,
1220–1330.
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Gothic: EnglandExample:
• English variation of Gothic style
• Fan vaults
• Pendants
• Perpendicular style
• Dissolves appearance of structural solidity
Westminster Abbey, 1503–1519.
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Gothic: Holy Roman EmpireExample:
• Donor portraits = secular theme in church
• Painted
• Individualized faces and personality
• Drapery reveals body beneath Ekkehard and Uta, Naumburg
Cathedral, ca. 1249–1255.
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Gothic: ItalyExample: • Italian humanism • Increasing interest in
antiquity and study of Roman sculpture
• Growing naturalism of figures and spaces
• Cimabue = Italo-Byzantine
• Giotto anticipates Renaissance
Left: CIMABUE, Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets, ca. 1280–1290.
Right: GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Madonna Enthroned, ca. 1310.
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Gothic: ItalyExample:
• Fresco program in family chapel
• Naturalistic treatment of figures
• Drapery reveals body
• Emotional expression
• Shallow, illusionistic space for narrative
GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Lamentation, ca. 1305.
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Gothic: ItalyExample:
• Altarpiece
• Wood panels
• Civic pride
• Cult of the Virgin Mary
• Shifting from Italo-Byzantine to more naturalistic style
DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints, from
1308–1311.
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Gothic: ItalyExample: • Regional variation of
Gothic in Italy • Civic project• Campanile by Giotto• Incrustation• Compartmentalized
clarity of architectural parts
• Anticipates Renaissance
ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO and others, Florence Cathedral, begun 1296.