#govconf13 ©pcaw 2013 - 00 44 20 7404 6609 belfast 22 november 2013
TRANSCRIPT
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Belfast
22 November 2013
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Whistleblowing headlines
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SEC Whistleblower Rewards: Larger Ones Are Coming
Over the past fe
w weeks, Securities and Exchange Commission officials
have been making a very public effort to assure whistleblowers that th
e
first two whistleblower awards – both relatively small —
won’t be typical of
the SEC’s whistleblower reward program.
26 June 2013
Forbes
He has published US government information. And it is for this – not espionage – that he will have to answer to the law.
2 July 2013The Guardian
Whistleblowing headlines
Edward Snowden: a whistleblower, not a spy
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Ryanair sacks pilot over Channel 4 Dispatches Programme
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PCaW definition:
Raising a concern about wrongdoing, risk or malpractice with someone in authority either internally and/or externally (i.e. regulators, media, MPs)
What is Whistleblowing?
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PCaW is an independent charity, founded in 1993. We provide:
free confidential advice to those concerned about wrongdoing in the workplace who are unsure whether or how to raise their concern
train organisations on policy and law of whistleblowing
campaign on public policy, and
promote public interest whistleblowing laws.
Public Concern at Work
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Helpline – our approach
What is the risk?
Who do you want to tell?
What is stopping you?
Bullying
Ulterior motive
Professional duty
Personal involvement
Public Concern at Work
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Advice Line - statistics
Circa 25,000 requests for advice. Advised nearly 16,000 whistleblowers to date. Over 2500 new cases so far in 2013
Source: PCaW
Public Concern at Work
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Advice Line - statistics
35% are public, 44% private and the remainder voluntary sector or unknown
Source: PCaW
Public Concern at Work
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Advice Line - statistics
Breakdown of types of wrongdoing
Source: PCaW
Public Concern at Work
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Experience of whistleblowers
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Keep quiet?
Go Outside?
Raise internally?
A concern about
malpractice
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The dilemma
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83% of workers blow the whistle up to two times, usually internally.
15% of whistleblowers raise a concern externally. Even on the third attempt, 60% persevere with the internal option. Only 22 individuals raised a concern four or more times. Half of these went outside their organisation
74% of whistleblowers say nothing is done about the wrongdoing.
60% of whistleblowers receive no response from management, either negative or positive.
The Inside Story: research headlines
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The most likely response is formal action (disciplinary or demotion) (19%).
15% of whistleblowers are dismissed.
Senior whistleblowers are more likely to be dismissed.
Newer employees are most likely to blow the whistle (39% have less than two years' service).
The Inside Story: research headlines
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More than three quarters (77%) of whistleblowers from the financial services industry are ignored when they first raise concerns
Almost one in five whistleblowers from the sector (18%) go straight to external regulators.
Only 37% of workers raised a concern more than once. After the first attempt, four in ten (39%) went to external regulators, this compares to just 11% across all industries.
Further findings demonstrate that workers’ lack of trust in their superiors may be well-founded: of those that reported a response from management, 42% reported being dismissed after raising a concern once. This compares to 24% from across all industries.
Silence in the City?: research headlines
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Public Concern at Work YouGov Survey 2013
• In the last two years, 1 in 10 workers said they had a concern about possible corruption, danger or serious malpractice at work that threatens them, their employer, colleagues or members of the public
• Two thirds raised their concern with their employer
• 83% said if they had a concern about possible corruption, danger or serious malpractice at work they would raise it with their employers
• 72% view the term whistleblower as positive or neutral
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Public Concern at Work YouGov Survey 2013
• 31% of respondents said if they had a concern nothing would stop them from raising it with their employer but others highlighted the following barriers to raising a concern:
o fear of reprisal (22%); o worry about what the response of colleagues would be (22%); o if managers were involved in the wrongdoing (21%); o fear of being identified (19%); o the belief that it wouldn’t be dealt with appropriately (20%), or that it wouldn’t make a
difference (i.e. no action would be taken) (20%); o fear of damage to their career (21%)
• 42% of workers said their employers have a whistleblowing policy compared with 29% in 2007
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93% of respondents said they have formal whistleblowing arrangements in place
But 1 in 3 think their whistleblowing arrangements are not effective
54% said they do not train key members of staff designated to receive concerns
44% confuse personal complaints with whistleblowing
1 in 10 say their arrangements are not clearly endorsed by senior management
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Survey of UK organisations
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All too often the inquiries into these disasters and scandals have shown that staff knew of the dangers before any damage was done but had:
been too scared to speak up;
spoken to the wrong people; or
raised the matter only to be ignored.
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The missed message
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Promotes and protects open whistleblowing
Tiered disclosure regime, which emphasisesinternal whistleblowing, regulatory oversight and recognises wider accountability
Signals a change in the culture
International benchmark
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The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998
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Lord Nolan’s praise for ‘so skilfully achieving the essential but delicate balance between the public interest and the interest of the employers’.
The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998
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Applies to almost every worker
Wide definition of wrongdoing
Application overseas
Burden of proof reversal
Full compensation
Impacts on gagging clauses and secrecy offences
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The scope of PIDA
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The following changes came into force on 25 June 2013. For consultation in Northern Ireland.
Public interest test to replace good faith test for a disclosure to be
“protected” under PIDA
Good faith will only be relevant to compensation when a claim is won
(the tribunal may deduct up to 25% of the compensation if found the
claimant made the disclosure in bad faith)
Liability for co-workers who victimise whistleblowers.
Employers can be held vicariously liable for these employees.
Reasonable steps defence for employers.
Changes to PIDA
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Good whistleblowing arrangements provide staff with a clear message that there is a safe alternative to silence. They:
Deter wrongdoing
Detect wrongdoing early
Make management work
Demonstrate an accountable organisation
Good governance
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1. Lead from the top – taking malpractice seriously and distinguishing a whistleblowing concern from a grievance.
2. Option to raise concerns outside of line management.
3. Access to confidential advice from an independent body.
4. Respect the confidentiality of a member of staff raising a concern when requested.
5. Clear about when and how concerns may properly be raised outside the organisation (e.g. with a regulator).
6. Victimisation of a bona fide whistleblower (even when mistaken) is a disciplinary offence as it is for someone to deliberately make a false allegation.
7. Audit, review and public reporting?
Good whistleblowing policy
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Grievances Concerns
risk is to self risk is to others
need to prove case tip off or witness
rigid process pragmatic approach
legal determination accountability
private redress public interest
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Grievances and Concerns
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Ask yourself if your policy
Gives employee confidence on whether / how to raise a whistleblowing concern
Is helpful to a manager confronted with a difficult whistleblowing concern
Offers Assurance to Board / regulator that staff are encouraged to raise any significant issues
Policy messages
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1. Lead from the top (designated responsibility for oversight and day-to-day management)
2. Policy conforms to good practice
3. Consultation with staff
4. Promotion, communication and confidence
5. Training of designated officers and managers
6. Logging
7. Audit and review (numbers, type, outcome, feedback from whistleblowers and staff trust and confidence)
Good whistleblowing arrangements
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1. ATTITUDES TO WHISTLEBLOWING
From individuals, organisations and wider society
2. LAW AND POLICY
Is it adequate and effective?
3. REGULATORS
Should they be doing more?
4. REWARDS
How can whistleblowing be incentivised?
5. TRIBUNALS
Are they protecting whistleblowers and society at large?
Please visit www.pcaw.org.uk/whistleblowing-commission
The Whistleblowing Commission