government'of mali household energy and...

u a , N .- b The Government of Mali Environment and Social Management Framework 5 ' Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA) 3

GOVERNMENT'OF MALI

HOUSEHOLD ENERGY AND RURAL ACCESS PROJECT

ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

(FINAL DRAFT 411712003)

(James Omhmle Monday)

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The Government of Mall Envlronment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

Table of Contents

Lists of Acronyms

A. Executive Summary

B. Description of Proposed Project

C. Basellne Data

D. Description of the World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies

E. Legislative and Regulatory Framework

F. Institutional Framework

G. Environmental and Social Planning, Review and Clearing Process For Sub projects.

H. Analysis of Alternatives

1. Environmental and Social Management Plan for Sub projects

J. Monitoring Plan

K. Consultation Plan

Annex A Environmental and Social Screening Form

Annex B - Environmental and Social Checklist

Annex C Procedures for Sub-project Investments Requiring ESlA

Pane No.

3

4

9

12

14

The Government of Mali Environment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

Lists of Acronyms

AMDER- Agence Malienne dlEnergie Domestique et dlElectrification Rurale CCL- Cellule Combustibles Ligneux CED- Cellule Energie Domestique CREE- Regulatory Comm~ss~on DNE- National Directorate of Energy DSC- Decentralized Services Companies EA- Environmental Assessment EDM- Energie du Mali ESIA- Env~ronmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF- Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) ESMP- Environmental and Social Management Plan FMMP- Forest Management Master Plan FMP- Forest Management Plan GoM- Government of Mali HEAG- Household Energy Clearing Group HEURA - Household Energy and Un~versal Rural Access ISDS- Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet LPG- Liquefied Petroleum Gas MDG- Millennium Development Goals Pb- Lead PCD- Project Concept Document PCU- Project Coord~nating Unit PSB- Pr~vate Sector Bidder PSO- Private Sector Operator PV- Photo-Voltaic REAG- Rural Energy Clearing Group RPF- Resettlement Policy Framework VMC- V~llage Management Committee


A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Mall Household Energy and Universal Rural Access (HEURA) project intends to support the Government of Mali's efforts to increase access to energy services to help achieve ~ t s poverty reduction targets including those llnked wlth the Millennium Development Goals.

The detailed project objectives are.

The detailed project objectives are :

(a) to strengthen the energy sector reform process and institutions to create a favorable investment environment for increased private sector participation in energy services delivery,

(b) to accelerate the use of modern energy in rural and pert-urban areas In order to improve living standards, to enhance qual~ty and efficiency of health and education centers, and to increase productivity of small and medium enterprises, and

(c) to promote further community based woodland management to reduce unsustainable pressure on forest resources while simultaneously encouraging interfuel substitution and energy efficiency initiatives.

The HEURA project IS structured to meet its objectives through three components which are:

(a) Component 1 : Capac~ty Development and Institutional Strengthening

(b) Component 2: Energy Services Delivery , th~s component focuses on rural electrification

(c) Component 3: Household Energy, will build on achievements of the previous Household Energy Project and will primarily focus on transferring the management and market~ng of forest resources to local commun~tles.

Therefore, environmental and social impacts under Component 2, can generally be charactenzed as due to the actlvitles of prlvate operators supported under th~s component to operate outside of the EDM concessionary areas and under Component 3 as due to subproject activities implemented through Forest Management Plans (FMP's) agreed upon between v~llagers and the forestry service of the decentralized region where the forest IS located, whereby a v~llage management committee (VMC) is made responsible for the use of the forest.

At the time the HEURA project was belng prepared, the subprojects were not identified Consequently, specific information on numbers of subprojects , site locat~on of sub projects, land requirements, local communities, geo-physical land features, nature, type and use of equipmentlplant , etc. was not available. Therefore, exact details and


intensity of social and environmental impacts and their effective mitigation cannot be determined during project preparation. However, the laws of Mali and the World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment requires that thls document referred to as the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) be prepared to establish the mechanism to determine and assess future potential environmental and social impacts of sub projects that are to be Identified and cleared based on a community demand driven process described herein, and then to set out mltlgatlon, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation of the subprojects to eliminate adverse environmental and soclal Impacts, offset them , or reduce them to acceptable levels OP 4.01 also requires that the ESMF be disclosed in Mali and at the Info shop before appraisal of this project

Then when specific planning information of the sub projects becomes available during project implementation, it is required that each subproject prepare an environmental and soclal impact assessment (ESIA) consistent with this ESMF.

Based on the anticipated sub project activities, in addition to the Banks Operational Policy OP4 01 on Environment Assessment, two other Bank OP's will be triggered, namely, OP 4.36 on Forest and OP4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement.

The Government of Mall has also prepared a Resettlement Pollcy Framework (RPF) as required by OP 4.12 as a separate document to address sub project activities that would require land acquisltlon that may lead to either the physical displacement of people or thelr loss, denial or restriction of access to economlc resources and therefore to involuntary resettlement and compensation of people . The RPF is also to be disclosed in Mali and at the Bank lnfoshop prior to appraisal of this project

The Forest OP4.36 will apply because of activities supported under Component 3. The pr~nclpal objective of OP 4.36 is to ensure that the Banks involvement in the forestry sector In Mali aims to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty and encourage economic development. Thls requires , ~nter alia, the preparation of Forest Management Plans for each forest are under management that would ensure sustainable use of forest resources. The Forest Management Plans are to be prepared by the subproject promoters, who are referred to as Village Management Committees as part of their request for flnance.

Studv Approach and Methodology

The study was conducted by the consultant using the following approach and methodology;

Review of the HEURA literature including the Project Concept Document (PCD), the approved Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS), World Bank Safeguards Policies , National Policies, Laws, regulations and administrative frameworks relating to environmental and social impact assessment and other relevant documents.

The Government of Mali Envlronment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

A seven day study tour In Mali during which discussions were held with the Management of the Project Coordinating Unit and Officials of CCL, CEO, Technical Adviser of the Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water at the national level followed by field visits to Koutiala and Korokoro. At Koutiala, discussions were held with a DSC Private Sector Operator EDF and at Korokoro discussions were held with a Village Management Committee that was implementing a sustainable Forest management Plan in Korokoro. At Koutiala, our meetings were followed by site visits to see their operations At Korokoro our meeting was followed by a visit to the Forests where further discuss~ons were held with some local communities who were participating in the rural markets.

During the discussions with the local communities, the use, scope and efficacy of their existing forest management plan was discussed and mutually agreed conclusions were drawn.

Our discuss~ons focused on environmental and social concerns based on observations of/ from the fieldtsite visits, shared experiences during the previous Household Energy project and recommendat~ons and requirements for compliance with the WRPF requirements for the HEURA project.

These discuss~ons and consultations with the government and project officials, local communities and private sector operators proved invaluable in designing and coming up with appropriate solutions and recommendations that the communities and private operators could claim ownership of and thus ensure the sustainability of the project as a whole. The discussions and consultations were the backbone of the work done by the consultant

One of the invaluable lessons learned from the consultation process is that the required work for the environmental and social impact assessment process should be clearly defined, uncomplicated and user friendly. Otherwise, if the system is too complicated with too many long and complicated forms, the system will not work or ~t will not be used. It will in other words be counter-productive. Therefore, the screening form, check list , environmental and soclal management plan, and consultation plan, and the clearance processes have been designed with this in mind for easy use by the local communities, and private sector operators who are also expected to be from Mali.

Report writ~ng.

The ESMF in addit~on to setting out the environmental and social management process for sub projects also addressed the following;

1. The ESMF establishes the screening process mechanism for the sub-projects to enable the implementers, 1.e the PSB's or the VMC's to simultaneously identify potential environmental and social impacts of sub-projects and to address them by incorporating the relevant mltlgatlon measures into the designs of the sub-projects before they submit them for review and subsequent clearance.


The main feature of this mechanism requires the subproject implementers to screen their sub projects at the preparation stage using the screening form in Annex A and the Annex B environmental and social checklist to identify potential adverse effectslimpacts.

The next requirement is for the implementers to incorporate the necessary mitigation measures into the sub project design following wh~ch they are to submrt the sub project proposals accompanied by the completed screening form and checklist to the reviewing committee, the REAG or the HEAG

The use of the checklist would also identify which sub projects would requlre individual ESIA's. These would be for sub projects financed under the Energy Services Delivery Component 2, costing more than US$100,000 and/or sub projects involving power stations or sub station generating more than 0.25 mega watts of power . The use of the results of the ESlA would be how these sub projects identify their adverse effects which would then be adequately mitigated in the sub project designs before submission for review and clearance.

The sub project proposals would describe any investment designs/plans/measures incorporated into the proposal. The REAG or HEAG would review the proposals for compliance with this EA process. The next process would be for the REAG or HEAG to give clearance for the sub project proposal subject to the environmental and social conditions the implementer must adhere to in the detailed planning, construction and operation of the investment. The REAG or HEAG may reject sub project proposals based on non-compliance with the screening process and the implementer in that case would have to re-screen and re-des~gn their sub project and re-submit it for a second review.

Only sub project proposals that comply with the requirements of the relevant Mali Environment Law, Forest Management Master Plan and the World Bank Safeguards policies will be cleared for approval to the respectwe local government council.

2. Developed an environmental and social screening form to assist in determining potential adverse environmental and social impacts during project implementation pertaining to sub project activities financed under Components 2 and 3 . 'The screening form is attached is contained in Annex A and is simple enough to use to aid the screening process.

3 Developed an environmental and social checklist of generic indirect and direct impacts and mitigation measures specific to the energy sector ( which could be used in monitoring and adapted to tender documents. The checklist is attached in Annex B

4. Assessed the Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water, Agence Malienne d'E'nergy (AMDER) and the National Directorate of Energy ONE capacity to manage the environmental and social issues and proposes measures on how to reinforce their capacity, for establishing an environmental working group,


and providing technical training. The report suggest capacity bullding and techn~cal assistance requirements in relation to safeguard and awareness needs in public and private sectors to be implemented under the project.

5 Developed an environmental and social monitoring plan to ensure that environmental and social issues will be managed effectively. The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operations.

6 Developed a simple, straightforward and easy to use public consultation plan The purpose of consultation is to seek the particlpatlon of commun~tres, ngo's and all other stakeholders in the project activities thereby introducing transparency and accountability in the project.

The cost contained in this report which is required to ~mplement the Environment and Social Management Plan is US$1, 282, 500 . This represents about 2 4% of the cost of the whole HEURA project and is broken down per category as follows.

Training in Environmental and Social Management: $350,000

Implementation of Monitoring Plan: $472,500

Preparation of sub project ESIA's and RAP'S . $460,000

The ESMF presents definitive, conclus~ve and clear procedures consistent with the Laws in Mali and the World Bank Safeguard Policies.

'The Government of Mali Environment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

B. DESCRIPTION OF 'THE PROPOSED PROJECT I .

Sectoral Perspective

Mali with a total land area of 1.24million square km is one of the largest countries in Africa with a population of about 11.4million people making it also one of the least densely populated countries on the continent, with an average population denslty of 9.2personstsq km. However, since most of the country north of Tombouctou IS part of the Sahara Dessert, the concentration of people is towards the south, and the population density and land use significantly increases around the fertile plains of the Niger River, which inc~dentally is second in length in Africa only to the Nile. Mali is also one of the poorest countries in the World, with barely one percent of the rural population having access to electricity. The Energy sector is facing many challenges associated with development which have been exacerbated by tariffs way below economic costs, acute rural poverty, low rural incomes, poor rural infrastructure and intermittent drought with harsh sub tropical to arid cllmat~c conditions. Until 2001, unreliable power supply In Bamako and other urban and peri-urban areas was a major constraint for socio- economic development. The state power utillty Energie du Mali (EDM) was poorly managed and lacked investment funds to ensure quality and reliablllty of services to consumers and to expand access to electricity to a growing number of households in demand.

In terms of Household Energy, 90% of the total household energy consumption in Mall is from traditional biomass energy sources in the form of fuelwood, charcoal and dung. Total woodfuel energy in Bamako for example has grown by 100% in SIX years to about 1,200,000 tons in 2000. Biomass energy is and will continue to be at the center of the total energy balance in decades to come Indeed at current rates of rural electrification, the poor will have to wait for many decades in order to have access to electricrty

However, the Government of Mali (GoM) is working to address thls situation and has taken important and meaningful steps that have started to improve the performance of the Energy sector and is to be commended and supported 'for this.For instance, The GoM in November 1999 issued a pollcy statement for the Energy sector which laid out priority areas that would be the focus of their attention. Overall , the policy statement strongly called for an improved sector efficiency, the need to withdraw the public sector entirely from all operational responsibilities in the sector, and to extend service coverage. To that end, the Government has restructured the sector by adoptlng a new Electricity Law which ended EDM's monopoly by opening the sector to compet~tlon, under a regime of transparent regulation by an independent agency

This led in December 2000, to EDM being privatized and the new operator (SAUR International) has assumed his respons~bilitles resulting in a notable increase in service quality and performance, acknowledged both by Government and the consumers. Furthermore, in partnership with the World Bank, a country assistance strategy was developed and for the energy sector focuses on. supporting competitive, broad-based growth in the rural and peri-urban areas by helping to Increase productivity and to Improve living standards through action in two cr~tical areas, (a) empowering local aommunities to enable them to manage economic and social development , and (b) to reduce and refocus the State's role to one of facilitator and regulator while creating at


the same time an enabling environment for increased private sector and NGO participation in the energy sector.

The Household Eneray and Universal Rural Access Proiect(HEURA1

In line with this strategy and consistent with the energy policy, the GoM wlth support from the World Bank, is preparing the Household Energy and Universal Rural Access (HEURA) project which has an overall goal to increase access to energy services to help achieve it poverty reduction targets linked to those with the Millennium Development Goals.

Proiect Obiectives

The detailed project objectives are :

(c) to strengthen the energy sector reform process and inst~tut~ons to create a favorable investment environment for increased private sector participation In energy services delivery,

(d) to accelerate the use of modern energy in rural and peri-urban areas in order to improve living standards, to enhance quality and efficiency of health and educat~on centers, and to increase productivity of small and medium enterprises; and

(e) to promote further community based woodland management to reduce unsustainable pressure on forest resources while simultaneously encouraging interfuel substitution and energy efficiency initiatives.

Proiect Components

The HEURA project is structured to achieve its objectives through three components which are;

Component 1 : Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening . Under this component support would be provided for the following activities; (a) Traintng and capacity building program for the members of the commission in the areas of regulatory analytical accounting, finance and economics, tar~ff design. (b) Technical assistance to develop and implement the monitoring and evaluation program of the operators, and to build awareness among consumers and technical ministries staff, (c) Supply of equipment and tools and best practice, (d) Training and capacity building program for the DNE staff in the areas of policy formulation, monitoring, evaluation, and Impact assessment, and (e) Technical assistance to set up a monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment systems .

Component 2 : Energy Services Delivery. Thls component focuses on rural electrificat~on. Adverse environmental and soclal impacts under this component, would be due to the activities of private operators supported under this component to operate outside of the EDM concessionary areas. These Private Operators are the approved Private Sector Bidders (PSB's referred to throughout this document, who submitted bids to win concessions) .The power generation method is expected primarily to be either of


two principal methods using renewable technologies such as solar photo-voltaic (PV) systems and/or fossil fuel power generation plants. In general PV systems of the type envisaged to provide power for lighting and small outlets like television and radlo sets In rural homes are expected to be stand alone individual units, required per house/un~t On the contrary, for power generation sets, the use of grids to transmit low, medium and/or high voltage power to demand points would be requlred and therefore the construction of statlons and sub-stations and overhead transmission lines with right of way protectionlaccess rlghts would also be required.

Component 3: Household Energy. The household energy component will build on achievements of the previous Household Energy Project co-f~nanced by the GEF and IDA. Therefore, this component will support activities that would lead to the transfer of the management of forest resources from central government to local communlties by promoting community based forest management initiatives which will include the introduction and the promotion of efficient charcoal production technologies and, to empower local commun~ties, NGOs and the prlvate sector to operate demand side ~nterfuel substltutron Initiatives such as the rnanufactunng, commercial~zation and dissemination of improved (wood, charcoal) stoves as well as kerosene and LPG stoves. Woodfuel taxes will be levled In the villages and compl~ance will be high because of the inherent benefits at the village level. Taxes collected will contribute to fund baslc modern infrastructure services and Income derived from activities of this component will help participating local communities afford modern infrastructure services. Adverse environmental and social impacts would due to subproject activities implemented through Forest Management Plans (FMP's) agreed upon between villagers and the forestry service of the decentralized reglon where the forest is located, whereby a village management committee (VMC) is made responsible for the use of the forest. Villagers will then operate in these rural markets under license from the VMC's The FMP will allow the harvesting of woodfuel (for household/domestic consumption or for charcoal production) using sustainable methods in certain forest areas based on a Forest Management Master Plan (FMMP) already prepared by the Government. The FMMP basically identifies progressive forest densities and concentrations from hlgh to low thereby forming the basis upon which forest areas are placed under management of the local communities to harvest biomass fuel using sustainable methods. For example, areas of hlgh forest density are allowed more yield than areas of low density. These methods on the supply side include partltloning the forest into zones and placing sustainable harvest control methods characterized by volume quota's and time periods upon whlch each zone is tb be harvested. Furthermore, the communltles are taught cutting methods to allow re-growth, specles identification to ensure only certain trees are cut and restrictions placed ,on some species to allow pastoralist use the forests for fodder and other agricultural use such as for produce for food (fruit) and agro-processing (cooking 011).


C. BASELINE DATA

Mall is a landlocked country located In West Africa. It IS bound by Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the northwest, Senegal to the west, Gulnea to the southwest, Ivory Coast to the south, Burkina Faso to the southeast and Niger to the east The country is flat except for the south, where the Futa Djallon Highlands and Mandrng Mountains rise to the border with Guinea , and to the east, where the Bandiagara Plateau and Hombori Mountains also rise. The central area of Mali consists of flood pla~ns of the Niger Delta while northern Mali l~es within the Sahara Desert and contains the vast plains of Tanezrouft and Taoudenni which are covered by shifting sand dunes called Ergs. Mall IS transversed by the Senegal and Niger Rivers with their tr~butar~es.

The Major cities are Bamako, Segou, Mopti and Sikasso

Mali has three climate zones. The Sudanian , Sahelian and Sahara zones. The Sudanian zone receives 700 to 1,000 mm (28 to 39 inches) of annual prec~pltation, the Sahelian zone which receives 200 to 400mm (8 to 16 inches) of precipitation and the Sahara zone which accounts for 40% of the land area and receives little or no ram.

In general there are also three seasons, (1) a wet season from June to October, (2) a cool dry season from November to February and (3) a hot dry season from March to May. The northeasterly Alize wind blows cool air from November to January while in February the Harmattan, which is a dry dust laden wind from the Sahara Desert, prevails. Average temperature ranges in Bamako are from 16 to 32 degrees Celsius In January to 39 degrees Celsius in April.

The national forest estate of Mali covers 100 million ha, most of which is made of woody formations covering 32.3 million ha. Agricultural plant formations contribute significantly to this estate, coverrng 5.8million ha of cultivated and fallow land and 9 million ha of reserves. The national forest estate is split up among 6 agro-climatic zones: Saharan, north Sahelian, south Sahelian, north Sudanese, south Sudanese, and Guinean. On the southern border of the Sahara there exists mimosa and gum trees, and in the south there are Kapok, Baobab, and shea trees The most common fuelwood tree in Mali IS

Cassia siamea.

This localized ecological diversity is characterized by very contrasting forest contexts: shrub-like savannah In the north wh~ch yields less than IOmIha, striped bush (covering 25% of the southern part of the country) with volumes from 20 to 40 mlha, forests In the Sudano- Guinean zone with ylelds of between 50 to 80 mlha and sometimes more than 100mIha in tunnel like forests In the west of the country. Forests play an important role in socio-economic development and in ecological equilibria. The forestry sector contr~butes sign~ficantly to GDP. Besides fuelwood, forests have various other uses: poles, posts, forage, honey, medicines, hunting, fruits, nuts, baobab leaves, gum, watershed protection, restoration of soil fertility, and eroslon control Forests also represent rangeland for livestock breeders and land reserves for farmers.

In Mall, the forests are in cont~nual decline due to drought and largely unrestrained exploitation which are manifested by progressive environmental degradation.

The Government of Mall Environment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

Also, Mali presently has 3 sites designated as Wetlands of International Importance, with a surface area of 162,000 hectares (1987). The Convention on Wetlands came into force for Mall on 25 September 1997. Lac Horo, in Mopti, is 18, 900 ha , a seasonally variable freshwater lake within the lnner Niger Delta. Most of the area around the lake is cultivated with millet. The wetland also supports fishing and grazing. The site is internationally important for breeding and wintering waterfowl, holding more than 50% of the West African wintering population of Aythya nyroca.

Seri, also in Mopti, is 40,000 ha in surface area, an extensive floodplain complex of the Diaka River, forming part of the lnner Niger Delta, one of the most important Sahelian wetlands for wintering birds which migrate to breed in the Palearctic realm. The region also holds large numbers of Afrotropical birds, as well as notable mammals. Vital as a dry season home for graziers and their livestock. The bordering villages depend on the wetlands for fishing and rice production.

Lac Debo, 103,100 ha, Mopti, is also part of the lnner Niger Delta, a major Sahelian wetland, composed of an extensive floodplain, seasonally inundated lakes, ponds and river channels. Supports a variety of vegetation, but is dominated by grasses. Local villages depend on the wetlands for drinking, fishing, agriculture and livestock rearing Important for migrating wintering waterfowl and as a dry season refuge for large numbers of Afrotropical bird species.

Drought, environmental degradation and pollution are the main threats to the lakes.


D. DESCRIPTION OF THE WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARD POLICIES

The World Bank Safeguard Policies are,

Environmental Assessment OP 4 01 Natural Habitats OP 4.04 Forests OP 4.36 Pest Management OP 4.09 Cultural Property OPN 11.03 Indigenous Peoples OD 4 20 Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12 Safety of Dams OP 4.37 Projects on lnternatlonal Waters OP 7.50 Projects in Disputed Areas OP 7.60

In light of the type of future sub-projects antlctpated, the following World Bank Operational Policies apply:

OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment OP 4.36 Forests OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.04 Natural Habltats

Sub projects that trigger the policies on Pest Management, Cultural Property, lndlgenous Peoples, Safety of Dams , Projects on International Waters and Projects in Disputed Areas would not be supported under the project.

OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment

This pollcy requires env~ronmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision maklng. The EA IS a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the sub project activities of Mali HEURA. The EA process takes into account the natural environment ( air, water, and land); human health and safety, social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and cultural property) and transboundary and global envlronmental aspects. .

The envlronmental and soclal impacts of the HEURA project will come from the activities of the many sub projects that the HEURA will be financing under components 2 and 3 . However, since the sub projects will not be Identified before appraisal of the project, the EA process calls for the GoM to prepare a Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) report which will establish a mechanism to determine and assess future potential environmental and social impacts of the private sector and community sub project investments under the proposed HEURA, and then to set out mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken durlng implementatton and operation


of the sub projects to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels.

OP 4.01 further requires that the ESMF report must be disclosed as a separate and stand alone document by the Government of Mali and the World Bank as a condition for Bank Appraisal of the HEURA. The disclosure should be both in Mali where it can be accessed by the general public and local communities and at the lnfoshop of the World Bank and the date for disclosure must precede the date for appraisal of the project.

The policy further calls for the HEURA project as a whole to be environmentally screened to determine the extent and type of the EA process. The HEURA has thus been screened and assigned a Category B

Category B projects are likely to have potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas - including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural hab~tats - and are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. The EA process for category B projects examines the potential negative and positive environmental impacts and recommends any measures needed to prevent, , minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance.

Therefore, this ESMF sets out to establish the EA process to be undertaken for sub projects in the proposed HEURA project when they are ident~fied.

OP 4.36 Forests - This policy applies because of the Household Energy Component 3 of the Project . The Bank's involvement in the forestry sector aims to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty and encourage economlc development . In pursuit of these objectives, the Bank applies the follow~ng principles:

(i) The Bank does not finance commercial logging operations or the purchase of logging equipment for use in primary tropical moist forest.

(ii) The Bank uses a sectorwide approach to forestry and conservation work in order to address policy and institutional issues and to integrate forestry and forestry conservation projects with Initiatives in other sectors and with macroeconomic objectives.

(iii) The Bank involves the private sector and local people in forestry and conservation management or in alternative income-generating activities The Bank requires the Government of Mali to identify and consult the interest groups involved in a particular forest area .


(iv) The Banks support requires the Government of Mali to undertake sustalnable management and conservat~on- oriented forestry based on ;

(a) adopting policies and a legal and institutional framework to (i) ensure conservation and sustainable management of existing forests, and (ii) promote active participation of local people and the private sector in long-term sustalnable management of natural forests.

(b) adopting a comprehensive and env~ronmentally sound forestry conservation and development plan that clearly defines the roles and rights of the Government, the private sector, local people (Including forest dwellers).

(c) undertaking social, economic, and environmental assessments of forest being considered for commercial use.

(d) Set aside adequate compensatory preservation forests to protect and conserve biological divers~ty and environmental services and to safeguard the Interests of forest dwellers, specifically their rights of access to and use of designated forests areas, and

(e) Establish institutional capacity to Implement and enforce these commitments.

OP 4.1 2 Involuntary Resettlement

Significant efforts are to be made in the design and screening stages of sub projects to avoid impacts on people, land, property, Including people's access to natural and other economic resources, as far as possible. Notwithstanding, land acquisition, compensation and resettlement of people seem inevitable for certain categories of sub projects This social issue is of crucial concern to the Government of Mali and the Bank as its impact on poverty, if left unmitigated, is negative, immediate and widespread Thus, a resettlement policy framework has been prepared by the government and approved by the bank in compliance with OP 4.12. This framework sets the guidelines for the resettlement plans that would have to be prepared for any sub project that triggers thls policy. The resettlement plans would have to be submitted to the HEAG or REAG for clearance but would also have to be cleared by the Bank before the sub projects are financed.

This policy would be triggered when a sub project causes the lnvoluntary taking of land and other assets resulting in: (a) relocation or loss of shelter, (b) loss of assets or access to assets (c) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location.

The Government of Mali environment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

'The resettlement policy applies to all affected and d~splaced persons regardless of the total number affected, the severity of the impact and whether or not they have legal title to the land Particular attention should be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups among those affected and displaced. The policy also requires that the implementation of the resettlement plans are a pre-requisite for the implementat~on of the sub projects to ensure that displacement or restriction of access does not occur before necessary measures for resettlement and compensation are In place. For sub projects involving land acquisition, it is further required that these measures Include provision of compensation and of other assistance required for relocation, prior to d~splacement, and preparation and provision of resettlement sites with adequate facilities, where required In part~cular, the taking of land and related assets may take place only after compensation has been paid and, where applicable, resettlement sites, new homes , related Infrastructure and moving allowances have been provided to affected and displaced persons. For sub projects requiring relocation or loss of shelter, the pol~cy further requires that measures to assist the affected and displaced persons are implemented In accordance with the sub projects resettlement plan of action. The policy alms to have the affected and displaced persons perceive the process to be falr and transparent.

OP 4.12 requires the RPF to be disclosed both in Mali and at the Bank before appra~sal of this project can occur.

Bank polic~es require that the following documents be d~sclosed in Mali and by the Bank at the Info shop before the Bank can appraise this project;

(i) The ESMF (this report) (~i) The RPF

OP 4.04 Natural Habitats

The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats.

Natural Habitats are land and water areas where (i) the ecosystem's b~olog~cal communit~es are formed largely by nat~ve plant and animal species, and (ii) human act~vity has not essentially modified the area's primary ecological functions. All natural habitats have important biological, social, economic, and existence value. Important habitats may occur in tropical humid, dry, and cloud forests; temperate and boreal forest; Med~terranean-type shrub lands; natural arid and semi-and lands; mangrove swamps, coastal marshes, and other wetlands; estuaries, sea grass beds; coral reefs; freshwater lakes and rivers; alpine and sub alpine environments, including herb fields, grasslands, and paramos, and tropical and temperate grasslands.

Activities under the Household Energy Component of this project may have adverse impacts on Natural Hab~tats. VMC's will be ass~sted by qualified service prov~ders to ensure that the ~mplementat~on of Forest Management Plans does not cause the extinction of indigenous species of trees, which if were allowed to happen would have significant adverse impacts on Flora and Fauna and ultimately on the balance of the forest eco-systems.


The appropriate conservation and mit~gation measures are to be designed to remove or reduce adverse Impacts on natural habitats or their functions, keeping such impacts within socially defined limits of acceptable environmental change. Specific measures may depend on the ecological characteristics of the given forest. Th~s may include the re-introduction of certain tree species and other mitigation measures to minimize any ecological damage. Such measures must include provision of monitor~ng and evaluation to provide feedback on conservation outcomes and to provided guidance for developing or refining appropriate corrective actions.

he Government of Mali Environment and Soclal Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

es premieres elections des representants des 682 Communes Rurales locales e sont tenues en 1999, avec le soutien de nombreux bailleurs de fond assurant es programmes de formation pour les representants. Le gouvernement central cre6 un Ministere de I'Administration Territoriale et des Collectivites Locales en

ebut 2000. Un fonds national a 6t6 btabli pour aider les communes ayant des ifficultes A financer leurs projets de developpement, le FlCT (Fonds 'Investissement pour les Collectivitbs Territol-iales), gbre par I'ANICT (Agence lationale d'lnvestissement pour les Collectivit6s Territoriales), assiste par le Sseau du Centre des Conseils Communaux (CCC).

es mecanismes pour la Decentralisation sont en place et fonctionnels dans un rocessus qui parait irreversible, mais les communes attendent encore le ansfert effectif des ressources depuis les services de I'Etat (par exemple les xettes pour les marches A bestiaux, les taxes d'abattage des arbres, de la &he etc.). Le village, la fraction et le quartier sont les entites de base de la .ommunie et des prerogatives leur sont concedees en matiere de gestion des ?ssources naturelles par le biais de la contractualisation avec I'Etat et demain vec les Communes quand leurs domaines leur seront affect&.

a Charte Pastorale

31 no 01-0041 du 27 fevrier 2001 portant Charte pastorale en Republique du Mall, en ttente des decrets d'application. Elle comporte 68 articles, et N definit les principes ~ndamentaux el les regles generales qui regissent I'exercice des activites pastorales ))

t (( precise les drolts essentiels des pasteurs, notamment en matiere de mobllit6 des ~imaux et d'acces aux ressources pastorales )) ainsi que leurs principales obligations ~r t . 1). Dans son article 16, < les Collectivites territoriales assurent la gestion des pistes astorales avec le concours des organisations de pasteurs et en concertation avec tous ~s acteurs concernes )). Les organisattons de pasteurs contrlbuent a leur entretien , la ~rvelllance des troupeaux en deplacement est obligatoire. L'artlcle 39 souligne que les ollectivites territoriales peuvent organiser I'abreuvement et I'exploitation des mares (<

n concertation avec les representants des autres utilisateurs. )) La clarification des roits prioritaires sur les bourgoutleres (art. 31 ) devrait reduire les confl~ts d'acces a slles-ci, ainsi que la dbfinition des dates d'acces par les Collectivites terr~toriales. De 16me, I'art~cle 34 garantit des droits durables aux pasteurs sur I'exploitation des terres alees. Les CL sont chargees (art. 57-58) de favoriser la creation des organlsatlons eleveurs, ce qui sera utile dans le Gourma, oir ces associations ne sont pas assez :ructurees voire inexistantes. La Charte preconlse cc I'arbitrage des instances locales u 3ur la gestion des conflits (art.60)

e Projet de Loi portant Code de I 'eau

fait suite a unie concertation nationale en avril 1999, et souligne la domanialite ublique des ressources hydrauliques, domaine inalienable et imprescriptible, auf pour des droits d'usage temporaires et precaires. Donner tout pouvoir a


I'administration d'Etat pourrait porter prejudice A un contrdle de la qualite de la ressource localement. Le Projet de Code de I'eau ne prevoit pas de participation des usagers dans les choix d'utilisation de I'eau. L'Etat contrble seul les autorisations et la concession de toutes les ressources en eau, meme celles relevant des Collectivit6s Territoriales. Le Code de I'eau dans cette forme ne portera pas prkjudice au HEURA, a I'exception du cas improbable de la construction d'un grand projet qui necessiterait le detournement des ressources en eau ; un tel choix serait de toute f a ~ o n precede par une Etude d'impact Environnemental selon la procedure au Mali, qui implique la participation des populations et de leurs representants.

Les textes forestiers en vigueur au Mali.

Lo1 No 95-003 du 18-1-95, portant organisation de I'exploltat~on, du transport et du commerce du bo~s.

Loi No 95-004 du 18-1-95, fixant les conditions de gestion des ressources forestieres.

Loi NI 95-03 1 du 24-3-95, fixant les conditions de gestion de la faune sauvage et de son hab~tat

Loi NI 95 -032 du 24-3-95, fixant les conditions de gestion de la pQche et de la pisciculture.

Ces textes resultent de ceux de 1986 ils prennent en compte les recommandations de la Confkrence Nationale du Mali et des Etats Genkraux du monde rural organises suite au triomphe du mouvement democratique du 26 mars 1991.

Ils consacrent la repartition du domaine public en 3 domaines:

domaine de I'Etat (public et prive) domaine des Collectiv1t6s doma~nes des particuliers

La gestion participative est devenue une realit6 au Mall.

Les textes reglementaires d'application permettront aux Collectivites Territoriales de prendre des decisions en matbre d1am6nagement, d'exploitation et de contr6le de I'acces aux ressources de leur domaine.


F. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

The successful application of the envlronrnental and social assessment process (contained in this ESMF) at the level of the subprojects will Identify adverse envlronrnental and social impacts as they relate to sub project activltles under the Energy Services Delivery and Household Energy Components of the project.

To mitigate the project impacts effectively, the proposed institutional arrangements provides for envlronrnental and social assessment capacity building for Village Management Committees (VMC's) and Private Sector Bidders (PSB's) at the local level, alnd environmental and social oversight capacity building at the regional and central levels for the HEAG and REAG.

Functions of Key Institutions for the Successful Implementation of this ESMF;

1) Viiiage Management Committees (VMC's under component 3) and Private Sector Bidders (PSB's under component 2): Consistent with OP 4.01 Environment Assessment, the VMC's and PSB's will screen their own sub-projects for environmental and soclal impacts at the time of identification. With assistance of service providers, they will apply the environmental and social assessment process for subprojects outlined in this Framework document , section G and thus prepare their sub project proposals consistent with the provisions of this ESMF.

The key elements for successful subproject implementation by the VMC's andlor PSB's are:

Capacity to Manage the environmental and social management process for subprojects: To enable VMC's and PSB's to apply the envlronrnental assessment process for subprojects effectively, they will require technical support in this regard. At the subproject identification stage, this technical support would be provided through servrce providers who would be responsible for assisting the VMC's and PSB's in the preparation of subproject proposals, Including Forest Management Plans (FMP's), blds for provision of rural energy services delivery, resettlement plans and envlronrnental and social screening and preparation of m~tigation measures as necessary and environmental and soclal assessment reports consistent with this framework document (i.e. ESMF, this report).

Capacity to manage potential sociai impacts of subprojects: To ensure that social impacts of subprojects are addressed appropriately, a separate Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 'has been prepared It outlines the principles to be applled In the event that negative social impacts arise due to the need for land acquisition, or access to economlc resources is loss, denied or restricted to subproject activities. VMC's and PSB's will be assisted by their service providers to prepare the resettlement plans requlred by the RPF document.

Capacity of VMC's to prepare and implement Forest Management Plans: To ensure forest resources are managed using sustainable methods and that all environmental and social Impacts are identlf~ed, mitigated and monitored


according to the provisions of the subproject ESIA, VMC's will be trained and then ass~sted through out by service providers.

Agence Malienne dtEnergie Rurale (AMDER) will support the VMC's and the PSB's to avail them of expert advice when needed by hiring qualified environmental and soc~al assessment speclalists (service providers) to ass~st and work with them to carry out thelr tasks

Following training and assistance of service providers, the abllity of the VMC's and PSB's to conduct environmental and social screening and to prepare appropriate m~t~gation measures for sub projects will be greatly enhanced and will not only raise the environmental awareness among VMC's and PSB's, but will also ensure that the sub projects are environmentally and socially sustainable. Over time, the VMC's and PSB's will develop the capaclty to screen potential investments for environmental and social impacts and to prepare and implement simple environmental mitigation measures independently.

2) The HEAG IS a joint worklng group of the Agence Malienne dlEnergie Rurale (AMDER), the Cellule Combustibles Ligneux (CCL) and Cellule Energle Domestique (CED) and is responsible for environmental and social clearing of sub projects supported under the Household Energy component of the project.

The REAG is a joint work~ng group of the AMDER, the Regulatory Commission (CREE) and the National Directorate for Energy (DNE) and is responsible for environmental and social clearing of sub projects supported under the Energy Servlces Delivery component of the project.

The HEAG and REAG will also be responsible for the monitoring of (i) the environmental and social assessment work to be carried out by VMC's and PSB's assisted by service providers; (ri) environmental and social monitoring of subprojects; (iii) overseeing the implementation of forest management plans and (iv) overseeing the implementation of resettlement plans.

Capacity of HEAG and REAG will be enhanced bu~lt by environmental and social assessment specialists who would be hired by AMDER to work with the HEAG and REAG will ensure that they carry out their role effectively


G. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PLANNING, REVIEW AND CLEARING PROCESS FOR SUB PROJECTS.

At the time the HEURA project was being prepared, the subprojects were not identified. Consequently, specific Information on numbers of subprojects , site locatlon of sub projects, land requirements, local communities, geo-physical land features, nature, type and use of equipmentlplant , etc. was not available Therefore, exact details and intensity of social and environmental impacts and their effective mltigatlon cannot be determined during project preparation This document referred to as the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is thus prepared to establish the mechanism to determine and assess future potential adverse environmental and social impacts of sub projects that are to be identified and cleared based on a community demand driven process described here below, and then to set out mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation of the subprojects to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them , or reduce them to acceptable levels.

This section therefore, identifies and illustrates the speciflc steps ~nvolved In the environmental and social assessment process leading towards the clearance and approval of the EA process for sub projects. The steps incorporate both, relevant Mall guidelineslrequirements and the Bank's policy OP 4 01 Environmental Assessment, OP 4.36 on Forest and OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement (the safeguard policies that apply for this project as discussed earlier) and are;

(a). VMC's and PSB's will screen their own sub projects to identify adverse environmental and social impacts uslng the screening form in Annex A and the checklist in Annex B. In a few cases for sub projects under the Energy Services Delivery component, the checklist may require that some sub project conduct a sub project environmental and soclal impact assessment (ESIA) for certain types of impacts.

(b). Then the VMC's and PSB's will introduce into the sub project deslgn the required measures to mitigate impacts identified from use of the checklist and or sub project ESIA, before submission of the sub project for review and subsequent clearance.

(c). 'The HEAG and REAG (respectively) will review and clear the sub projects by ensuring sub project deslgns have ldentlfled environmental and social impacts, mitigated these impacts and have monitoring plans and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation

In applying these steps, with assistance of the HEAG and REAG, the VMC's and PSB's will galn inltial experience with the environmental and social assessment of their sub projects. This initial experience will be invaluable to them when they assume responsibility for managing the mltlgation measures involved In the implementation, operational and monitoring stages of the sub projects. Therefore, under the proposed project, capacity will be developed at the level of the HEAG's, REAG's , VMC's and PSB's and their service providers.


Notwithstanding, as the two project components, 2 and 3 will support sub projectsin basically two different sub sectors, namely, Energy Services Delivery and Household Energy , sub projects under each component would therefore require a slightly different screening process.

G.1.0. The EA Process for Sub proiects funded under Component 2: Enerav Services Delivew

The Environmental and social Assessment process for the Energy Services Delivery sub projects is embedded in the process when Private Sector Bidders (PSB's) are preparing their project proposals to submit for consideration and recommendation for clearance to the REAG.

Operational Policy 4.01 on Environmental Assessment requires the screening of subprojects by the Private Sector Bidders (PSB's) , to ensure that they carry out the appropriate EA process for each sub-project they propose in their bids. Before clearing a sub project, the REAG verifies that sub projects contained in the PSBs bid documents meet the environmental and social requirements of the Government of Mali and are consistent with OP 4.01, the overall HELIRA Project ESMF ( ie this report) and other applicable environmental and social policies and safeguards of the World Bank.

That is to say that when the PSB's are preparing their project designs and proposals, they would simultaneously screen their designs using the screening form in Annex A and the checklist in Annex B to identify adverse environmental and social impacts of their plan, and then prepare as part of their proposal an environmental and social management plan, that presents the appropriate mitigation measures, and the institutional framework required for implementation, monitoring of m~tigation measures and cost associated with these measures.

Therefore, the PSB's submitted bid will containing designs and proposals that have already been screened by themselves and contain appropriate mitigation measures.

The PSB's during the screening of their bid proposals will be guided by the generic potential adverse environmental and social impacts often associated with energy services projects, outlined in Sections G1.l and G I .2 below.

Using the screening form, environmental and social checklists and technical assistance from service providers and information resources supported by the REAG, proposed sub projects will be screened by their respective PSB's, to identify any potential adverse impactsleffects from sub project activities.

Once impacts are identified the necessary mitigation measure would then be identified from the checklist and then the sub project would be designed to implement these mitigation measures. For example, from a social standpoint if the screening form identifies land acquisition needs that trigger OP4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, then the required mitigation measure would be to chose an alternative land site that does not trigger this policy or, the PSB of the sub project prepares a resettlement and compensation plan consistent with the disclosed RPF

From an environmental stand point, the screening form and checklist may identify impacts from sub project activities, such as contamination of ground water sources due


to inappropriate waste disposal of diesel or heavy fuel oil, used Pb batteries, used engine oil, etc. The mitigation measure may be to chose a site far away from the water source so that chances of contamination are not possible andlor incorporate appropriate waste disposal measures into the design such as channeling all waste to closed system that is periodically emptied and disposed of safely, or recycling or re-export of used Pb batteries.

For some cases ( a minority of cases) where the impacts from sub project activities are determined by use of the checklist to be severe or challenging , the REAG can require that a sub project ESlA be prepared follow~ng which the sub project would then be designed to incorporate the required resultslmitigation measure.

ESIA will be required for sub projects involving setting up of power plants or sub stations with a generating capacity of more that 0 25 mega watts, or power grids transmitting power at high voltage' or for any sub project costlng over US$100,000.

See Annex C for procedures for sub projects requiring ESIA.

Once the PSB's have completed the screening of their sub project proposals and designed into them the necessary mitigation measures, sub project proposals would then be sent to the REAG for review and to check for compliance with this EA process

The sub projects proposals that are sent for review must be accompanied by thelr completed screening forms and completed checklists and lor ESIA. If the screening form has any "Yes" entries, or evidently unjustified "No" entries, the application would need to adequately explain and demonstrate from its design that the issue has been managed to avoid unacceptable adverse effectslimpacts. If the application has satisfactorily addressed these issues it will be recommended for clearance to the respective bid /tender approving body. For cleared sub projects, the REAG as reviewer will determine environmental and social approval conditions the implementer must adhere to in the detailed planning, construction and operation of the investment. 'These conditions may include, for example, such measures as public involvement, siting or routing restrictions, construction and operation practices, restoration of disturbed areas, the complete implementation of a plan for resettlement or compensation for land acquisition and, construction supervision to ensure the approval conditions are being followed.

If, however the sub project proposal unsatisfactorily addresses these issues it may be rejected out right or rejected with the requirement to carry out a sub project ESlA in cases where one was not done before or with specific recommendations such as to change site, or re-design waste management, reduce air pollution etc.

The rejected proposal will then have to be re-designed and re-screened by the PSB and then re-submitted for review. The revised application will then have to be reviewed again and, if now acceptable, will be recommended for consideration for clearance If it is not acceptable for the second time, it would be referred back to the PSB for more work or denied clearance altogether.

' High Voltage - meaning any voltage requ~red for reduction of power losses during transmission requiring stepping down to 230-240 v.


Any proposed sub projects that do not comply with the requirements of the Environmental Laws of Mali and the requirements of the World Bank Safeguards policies will not be cleared.

This process is designed to ensure that the environmental and social assessment process IS part of and conducted during the sub project design process thereby ensuring that sub project activities are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable.

G .1.1. Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts of Energy Services Delivery sub projects may include:

a) During Construction, Operations and Maintenance of Power Stations, Sub Stations and other required infrastructure for Fossil Fuel powered generators.

Increased emissions of greenhouse gases and reduction in air quality, increased frequency of haze, etc

Potential. for inappropriate Waste disposal and pollution of rivers, wetlands, forests etc. from leaking fuel, engine oil, etc. Sound pollution

Aesthetic Devaluation of surrounding areas

Soil erosion, pollution and contamination

Increased noiselsound pollution levels

Disturbance of wildlife

Permanent Loss of Land

b) During Construction, Operations and Maintenance of Solar PV systems.

Solar photovoltaic systems are considered one of the least environmentally damaging power generation options. Therefore little environmental impacts are foreseen as a result of the implementation of this system.

a Main Potential Impact is pollution from imp6oper storage and disposal of batter~es leading to lead (Pb) and acid leakages. This has a ,potential for lead poisoning if so11 and water sources are contaminated or if inappropriately disposed off and people come into contact with them, especially children.

G.1.2. Potential Negative Social lmpacts of Energy Services Delivery sub projects may include :

Permanent losses of land due to land acquisition for construction of overhead distribution lines and other power infrastructure

a Denlal of or restrictive access to economic resources, land, fodder for pastoralists, property, farms, buildings, fruit trees, etc


G.2.0. The EA Process for Sub projects funded under Component 3: Household Enerav

The Environmental and Social Assessment process for the Household Energy sub projects is also embedded In the process when Forest Management Plans (FMP) are being prepared by the village management committees (VMC's).

Therefore, VMC's are requlred to prepare Forest Management Plans whlch ensures controlled utilization of the forest resources to produce woodfuel into perpetuity, with the basic objectives of tong term maintenance of forest cover and appropriate reservation of areas of biodiversity protection and other ecological purposes The Forest Management Plans (FMP's) are to be arrived at through meaningful and effective consultation and participation of local commun~tles and forest dwellers, and must establish institutional arrangements for implementation of the plan identifying clearly the roles of government, private sector, local communities and all stakeholders The FMP's must also contain institutional arrangements for monitoring commitments made in the plan.

Furthermore, the FMP's must be prepared consistent with the Environmental Assessment process contained this ESMF (this document) whereby the VMC's will be cleared by the HEAG. To ald this process the FMP's must also contaln the results and f~ndings of a socio-econom~c study of the forest area to be placed under management of the village management committees (VMC's). The purpose of the socio-econom~c study is to collect base line data within the chosenltargeted siteslforest areas thereby enabllng the assessment of Impacts on the bio-physical environmental and social assessment of potentrally affected populations and communities The socio-economic study would focus on the identification of stakeholders (demographic data), the participation process, Identification of affected people (including forest dwellers) and impact on thew property and thelr production systems(i.e forest resources), the institutional analysis and the system for monitoring and evaluation. Detalled calculation of Individual and household economies of all partic~pants in the rural markets proposed In the FMP's will be undertaken to demonstrate the economic vlabllity and support among local communities of the sustainable management methods contalned In the FMP's. Standard characteristics of the affected households, including a description of wood fuelling and charcoal production systems, labor, and household organization, and baseline information on livelihoods (including production levels and Incomes derived from both formal and informal economic activities) and standards of living and health status of the participating local communit~es. Under thls study a comprehensive base line census :

would be carried out to identify social impacts on potentially affected people on the individual and household levels, vulnerable groups (women, children, the elderly, female hieaded households).

Operational Policy OP 4 01 on Environmental Assessment requires the screening of subproject Forest Management Plans by the Village Management Committees (VMC's) who will be assisted by service providers , to ensure that they carry out the appropriate EA process for each subproject Before clearing a sub project, the HEAG ver~fies that sub projects meet the environmental and social requirements of the Government of Mali and are consistent with OP 4.01, the overall HEURA Project ESMF ( i.e. thls report) and other applicable environmental and soclal policies and safeguards of the World Bank


That is to say that when the VMC's are preparing their forest management plans, they would simultaneously screen their FMP's using the screening form in Annex A and the checklist in Annex B to identify adverse environmental and social impacts of their plan, and then prepare as part of their forest management plan an environmental and social manqgement plan, that presents the appropriate mitigation measures, and the institutional framework required for implementation, monitoring of mitigation measures and cost associated with these measures.

Therefore, the final FMP that is submitted to the HEAG for clearance would have been screened by the VMC's themselves and contain appropriate mitigation measures.

The VMC will be assisted by service providers.

The VMC during the screening of their FMP's will be guided by the following generic potential adverse environmental and social impacts often associated with forestry related management projects, outlined in Sections G2.1 and G2.2 below.

Using the screening form, revised environmental and social checklists and technical assistance from services providers and information resources supported by the HEAG, proposed FMP's will be screened by their respective VMC's, to identify any potential adverse tmpactsleffects from FMP activities.

Once impacts are identified the necessary mitigation measure would then be identified from the checklist and then the sub projecffFMP would be designed to implement these mitigation measures. For example, from a social standpoint if the screening form identifies loss of livelihoods for certain groups of foresters resulting from activities contalned In the FMP due to loss, restriction or denial of access to economic resources in the forests, OP4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement may be triggered, then the required mitigat~on measure would be to prepare a resettlement and compensation plan consistent with the disclosed RPF.

From an environmental stand point, the screening form and checklist may identify impacts from sub project activities in the FMP, such as deforestation. The mitigation measure may be to cut down trees using sustainable forest management methods as contained in the Mali National Forestry Master Plan.

Once the VMC have completed the screening of their sub projectslforest management plans and designed into them the necessary mitigation measures, sub project proposals1FMP would then be sent to the HEAG for review and to check for compliance with this EA process.

The sub projects that are sent for review must be accompanied by their completed screening forms and completed checklists. If the screening form and checklist has any "Yesn entrles, or evidently unjustified "No" entries, the application would need to adequately explain and demonstrate from its design the issue has been managed to avoid unacceptable adverse effectslimpacts. If the application has satisfactorily addressed these issues it will be cleared by the HEAG. For cleared sub projects, the HEAG as reviewer w~l l determine environmental and social approval conditions the implementer must adhere to in the detailed planning, execution and operation of the investment. These cond~tions may include, for example, such measures as public involvement, siting or routing restrictions, construction and operation practices,


restoration of disturbed areas, the complete implementation of a plan for compensation for affected persons and, supervision of the execution phase of the forest management plan to ensure the approval conditions are being followed.

If, however the sub project application unsatisfactorily addresses these issues it may be rejected out right or rejected with the requirement to carry out specific recommendations such as to change forest site, or re-des~gn forest management plan, or decrease rate of deforestation reduce etc

The rejected sub projectlforest management plan will then have to be re-designed and re-screened by the VMC and then re-submitted to the HEAG for review. 'The revised application will then have to be reviewed again and, if now acceptable, will be recommended for clearance. If it is not acceptable for the second time, it would be referred back to the VMC for more work or denied clearance altogether.

Any proposed sub projects/forest management plan that does not comply with the requirements of the Mali Forest Management Master Plan, Mali environmental requirements, and the requirements of the World Bank Safeguards policies will not be cleared.

This process is designed to ensure that the environmental and social assessment process is part of and conducted during the sub project design process thereby ensuring that sub project activities are environmentally and soc~ally sound and sustainable.

G.2.1. Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts of Household Energy sub projects may include:

deforestation and degradation (loss of certain tree specles) soil erosion loss of soil moisture increased emissions of greenhouse gases loss of habitat and wildl~fe Increased rate of desertification

G.2.2. Potential Adverse Social Impacts of Household Energy Sub projects may include:

Loss of livelihoods due to loss, denial or restriction of access to economic forest resources Risk for conflict between forest users, e.g. between pastoralist and woodfuel harvesters, or woodfuel harvesters and forest dwellers. Loss of land, property, shelter Exclusion of certain groups of potentially people

G.2.3. Conflict Resolution Mechanism

The ESMP must contain an agreed mechanism like a conflict resolution committee to address potential conflicts that may anse between users of forests resources, for example between pastoralists and woodfuel harvesters or between woodfuel harvesters and forest dwellers etc The potential for conflicts is not considered high, but the risk for


potential conflicts exist and must be addressed adequately The consultation process durlng the development of the Forest Management Plans (FMP's) is the fundamental and most effect~ve way In mitigating risks for conflicts by soliciting and obta~nlng the partlclpation of all stakeholders of forests resources.

G.3.0. Public Consultations

Publ~c consultat~ons are critical in the ESIA process and particularly so when preparing a meaningful ESIA. The flrst step is to hold publlc consultations wlth the local communities and forest dwellers and all other interested /affected parties These consultations should identlfy key Issues and determine how the concerns of all parties will be addressed in the terms of reference of the ESIA. To facilitate mean~ngful consultat~ons, the HEAG and REAG In close collaboration with VMC's and PSB's should provide all relevant material and information concerning the sub projects in a timely manner prior to the consultation, in a form and language that are understandable and accessible to the groups being consulted. Depending on the public interest in the potential impacts of the sub projects, a public hearing may be requested to better convey concerns. To ensure that an appropriate public consultation mechanism 1s developed, the HEAG and REAG should ensure that the ESIA terms of reference include such a requirement. Once the ESIA has been reviewed and cleared by the HEAG and/or REAG, they w~l l inform the public about the results of the ESIA This approach would be consistent with the Bank's OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment as well as Mali's efforts to enhance its publlc consultation process.


H. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The Government of Mali is committed to achieving the objectives of this project which include accelerating the use of modern energy in rural and pen-urban areas in order to iimprove living standards and to promote further community based woodland management to reduce unsustainable pressure on forest resources while s~multaneously encouraging Interfuel substitution and energy efficiency initiatives.

The existing pre- HUERA project situation IS as follows:

On the Rural Energy side, barely 1% of the rural population have access to electriclty Most rural and households meet their l~ghting and small power needs with kerosene, dry cell and car batteries. The implications of this include no power supply for schools and alphabetization centers, health centers, community places of worship , for street lighting etc. 'This has considerably worsened poverty in rural communities as populations grow and young vibrant workers migrate to urban centers such as Bamako.

Therefore, the GoM's rural electrification strategy includes, inter alia, to implement new set of programs to reinforce the use of renewable energy technologies wherever economic and whenever feasible to reduce inequalltles in access to electriclty and increase social welfare, education, health and income generating opportunitres in rural and peri-urban areas.

Socially, the " do nothing " scenario will make poverty more acute as the plight of the rural communities will worsen and is therefore not an optlon.

On the household energy side, traditional biomass energy in the form of fuelwood, charcoal, and dung represents about 90% of energy consumption in Mali Total fuel consumption in Bamako alone IS estimated to have double to over Imillion tons In six years. To continue down this path, the forest resources of Mali will be completely depleted resulting in increase desertlftcation, so11 erosion, loss of soil moisture, and upsetting the ecosystem in Mali, with the associated loss of economic sources of income in the rural areas.

Therefore, the " do nothing " scenario is not a senslble option.

The question is what IS the best strategy to adopt that achieves the objectives of this project , that is sustainable, economically viably, will involve the participation of the rural ,

communities , significantly Improve livelihoods while not placing irreversible impacts on the bio-physlcal and social environment? Any chosen option must address these Issues

The desrgn, clearance, implementation and monitoring of subprojects will address the adoption of different options, sites, routes, methods, techniques and ideas.

The environmental and social management processes that are outlined In this report supports thls goal.


I. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) OF SUB PROJECTS

FMP's prepared by VMC's and proposals prepared by the PSB's must contain as part of the sub project proposal an ESMP that will consist of a set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken durlng implementation and operations to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The ESMP should also include the actions needed to implement these measures, rncluding the following features:

Mitigation: Based on the environmental and social impacts identified from use of the checklist ( or ESIA where applicable), the ESMP should describe with technical details each mitigation measure, together with designs, equipment descriptions and operating procedures as appropriate

Monitoring: Environmental and social monitoring during the ~mplementation of the sub projects, In order to measure the success of the mitigation measures. The ESMP should include monitoring objectives that specify the type of monitoring actrvities that will be linked to the mitigation measures. Specifically, the monrtoring section of the ESMP provides:

A specific description and technical details of monitoring measures that include the parameters to be measured, the methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, detection limits ( where appropriate), and definition of thresholds that will signal the need for correctwe actions, e.g, the need for on site. Construction supervision.

Monitoring and reporting procedures to ensure early detection of condrtrons that necessitate particular mit~gatlon measures and to furnrsh information on the progress and results of mitigation.

The ESMP should also provide a specific description of institutional arrangements , i.e who is responsible for carrying out the mitigating and monitoring measures ( for operation, supervision, enforcement, mon~toring of implementation, remedial actlon, financ~ng, reportrng and staff training )

Additionally, the ESMP should include an estimate of the costs of the measures and activities recommended so that the VMC's and PSB's can budget the necessary funds. Similar to the process for carrying out the ESIA, the m~tigation and mon~toring measures recommended in the ESMP should be developed in consultation w~th all affected groups to include their concerns and views in the design of the ESMP.

0 Monitoring

The objective for monitoring will be;

to provide an opportunity for assessing the EA process outlined in this report thereby ensuring continuous improvement of the EA process and


to determine whether the mitigation measures designed into the sub-projects have been successful in such a way that the pre- subproject environmental and social condition has been restored, improved upon or worst than before; and to determine what further mitigation measures may be required.

A number of Indicators would be used in order to determine the status of affected people thew environment (land being used compared to before, how many forests under FMP management than before, how many rural homes connected to power than before, standard of house compared to before, level of participation in project activities compared to before, how many kids in school compared to before, health standards, how many clean water sources than before, how many people employed than before etc) Therefore, the sub projects ESMP will set three major socio-economic goals by which to evaluate its success:

Affected individuals, households, and communities are able to maintain their pre- project standard of living, and even improve on ~ t ;

Has the pre-subproject environmental state of natural resources, bio-diversity and flora and fauna, been maintamed or improved upon, and

The local communities remain supportive of the project.

In order to access whether these goals are met, the sub-project ESMP's will indicate parameters to be monitored, institute monitoring milestones and provide resources necessary to carry out the mon~toring activities

The following parameters and ver~fiable Indicators will be used to measure the ESMP, RPF and Forestry Management mltigatlon plans and performance (depending on which is applicable);

For the ESMP the following indicators;

Number of environmental resource persons on committees who have successfully received EA training in screening methods etc. ; evaluate the training content, methodology and trainee response to training through feedback. Numbers of women trained; assess understanding of the need for the EA process as a tool for sustainable development. Number of VMC's and PSB's who have adopted the EA practices as required by HEURA project; evaluate the rate of adoption Number of sub-projects screened. In how VMC and PSB planning stages is the EA checklist applied?; Are the numbers Increasing and at what rate? How has the adoption of the EA requirements improved or not lmproved the environmental health and bio-physical state of the communities usinglaffected by the sub-projects What are the main benef~ts that members derive from the use of the EA process?

Economic Benefits (i) lncrease In achievement of sub-projects adopting ESlA guidelines (~i) lncrease in revenue of VMC's and PSB's result~ng from adoption of EA guidelines, compared with conventional practices

The Government of Mali Environment and Soclal Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

Social Benefits - improvement in the environmental health status of communities implementing subprojects Environmental Benef~ts (i) improvement In the sustainable use of Mali's forest and other natural resources.

Effic~ency of sub-projects maintenance and operating performance . Overall assessment of (i) activities that are golng well (ii) activities that need improvements and (iii) remedial actions required.

(For social monitoring indicators see Resettlement Policy Framework)

Forest Management Plans (FMP): Activities that require regular monitoring and evaluation during project supervision mlssions and by VMC's themselves include the following:

1 FMP capacity building in membership of VMC's. Numbers of stakeholders who have successfully received FMP training in FMP methods, evaluate the training content, methodology and trainee response to training through feedback.

2 Numbers of VMC's that nominated members for FMP training; emphasize the number of women trained; assess VMC's understanding of the importance of FMP for sustainable woodfuel and charcoal production.

3 Numbers of stakeholders who have adopted FMP practices as a forest protection strategy in their woodfuel harvesting and charcoal product~on efforts; evaluate the rate of FMP adoption.

4 In how many forests 1s FMP applied ?; Are the numbers increasing and at what rate?

5 HOW has the adoption of FMP improved the production performance of VMC's and their stakeholders ?

6 What are the major benefits that members of VMC's and their stakeholders derive by adopting FMP ?

Economic benefits (i) Increase in woodfuel and charcoal production due to adoption of FMP practices (ii) :Increase in VMC's and stakeholder revenue resulting from adoption of FMP practices, compared with previous conventional practices Soc~al benefits - improvement in rural Income levels and standard of Irvrng.

7 Numbers of VMC Networks operational and types of activities undertaken.

8 Extent to which new trees are planted as replacement trees and extent to which they survive and grow healthy?

9 Efficiency of cutting of firewood techniques used and handling practices taught to VMC's and their stakeholders.

10 Level of reduction of pesticide purchase and use by the POs for crop production

11 Number of VMC families maintaining or increasing their household incomes. 12 Number of FMP sub-projects successfully funded from competitive grants 13 Number of FMP participatory research projects have been completed. 14 Influence of the results of FMP participatory research on ~mplementatlon of FMP and woodfuel and charcoal production. 15 Overall assessment of (i) activltles that are going well (11) activities that need improvements and (lii) remedral actions required.


16 Rate of loss of soil moisture compared to before. 17. Number of trees re-planted and how many have survived. 18. Number of tree species re-planted. 19. Now much woodfuel burned using new techniques to produce same quantity of charcoal compared to before. 20. Rate of deforestation compared to before.

12.0 Technical Assistance

In order to assist the VMC's and PSB's in strengthening their environmental and social assessment capacity, ~t will be necessary to recruit quallf~ed service providers to be funded under component 1 "Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthen~ng". A breakdown of the costs of service providers is given below.

Village Management Committees (VMC's) and Private Sector Bidders (PSB's): The Agence Malienne dlEnergle Rurale (AMDER) will recruit qualified service providers as facilitators to assist VMC's and PSB's with (I) environmental and social screening; and

' (ii) the preparation of mitigation measures The costs for these activities will be included In the AMDER's budget for ass~stance to VMC's and PSB's.

HEAG and REAG: The HEAG and REAG will recrult servlce providers to assist ~t In fwlfllllng its responsibilities. Towards this end, HEAG and REAG wrll require a budget that will enable it to recruit qualified servlce providers to carry out environmental assessments, environmental review, and prepare resettlement plans as needed The costs to be incurred will be as follows:

Environmental and Social assessment process o f sub-projects. As recommended, environmental and social assessments (ESIA) will be carried out for some sub-projects as needed For most of the sub projects, their implementers would be required to carry out the EA process in Section G. The cost of individual sub-projects has been estimated to be on average around $150,000 for household energy subprojects and around $350,000 for rural energy subprojects . It IS further estimated that there will be around 150 sub projects in the household energy side and around 50 in the rural energy side.

It is estimated that the cost of carrying out the sub project EA process is about 1% of the cost of the subproject, therefore the total cost to carry out ESIA's is about $400,000.

Total cost for carrying out EA: $400,000

Resettlement Plans. 'The preparation of resettlement plans and socio-economlc studles will be carrled out by quallf~ed service providers Provrslons will be made under the project to support thls work. It is estimated that 30% of all sub-projects or 60, may require resettlement plans; that it takes about 10 days to prepare a resettlement plan and related studles, at a rate of $100.00 per day, the preparation of 60 resettlement plans will cost $60,000.

Total costs for Resettlement Plans: $60,000


13.0 Training for Environmental and Social Manaaement

As described in an earlier section of this framework, the HEURA project has a Capacrty Bullding Component to finance, develop and strengthen the private and pubiic services sector linked to enhancing the objectives of this project.

Th~s would take the form of primarily Identifying trainable members of civil society in the local communities, local NGO's and public service workers to become service providers to the Village Management Committee's (VMC's) and Private Sector Btdders (PSB's) providing technical assrstance to them in the areas of environmental and social impact assessment, screening etc. Members of the VMC's and PSB's would themselves be trained on how to screen their sub projects and implement the~r ESMP's and managing the €A process as outlined in the framework.

At the moment, it is envisage that the capacity at the rural level to provide service providers is I~mited. The decentralized departments of the Ministry of Mines, environment and Water have the best capacity for develop~ng ESIA's and supporting the HEAG and REAG. Their capacity would be greatly enhanced by this project.

The training program proposed below is directly relevant to the needs of the VMC's and PSB's and the regional offices of the Ministry of Mines, Environment and Water, particularly, with regard to environmental and social assessment and environmental policies and procedures. It w~l l be provided through national ~nstitut~ons.

The EA process, the Resettlement Policy Framework, typical Village Management Plan containing the Forest Management Plan, would be reviewed in the trainrng program so that participants are aware of therr content and the respons~bil~ties outlined in them for various parties.

Additional training with regard to environmental protection is proposed given the seriousness of so11 erosion and deforestation in Mali.


Proposed Training program Duration

Environmental and Social assessment process .Screening process

Assignment of environmental categories Rationale for using Environmental and Social Checklists Preparation of terms of reference for carrying out ESlA How to revrew and approve the ESIA's

The importance of public consultations in the EA process . How to monitor project implementat~on Case studies

Environmental and Social policies, procedures and guidelines 3 days

Review and discussion of Mali's environmental policies, procedures, and legislation. Review and discussion of the Bank's safeguards pollcies Review of EA, Resettlement and Forest Management Plan.

Collaboration with institutions at the local, regional and national levels.

Selected topics on environmental protection 2 days

Sustainable use of Forest Resources and preparation of FMP's Soil Erosion Waste Management Desertificat~on Ground and Surface Water management

Cost estimates

The costs estimates are based on the assumption that the trainiqg program will be held at the regional levels, resource persons are likely to come from other parts of the country and therefore require travel allowances, participants will come from the local community and attend during the day only but will receive a per diem. These estimates include an allowance for travel expenses. It is proposed that the training program wrll be implemented four t~mes a year, at least once In each quarter In each reglon over the first two years of the project cycle. The Total costs is estimated at US$350,000.


J. MONITORING PLAN

This monitoring plan consists of a set of mit~gation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operations to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes actions needed to implement these measures.

The monrtor~ng plan spectfies the mon~toring measures to be carr~ed out with linkages to the potenttal adverse impacts that would have identifled through a process contained in Section G and Annex B, by;

1 Scheduling and coordinating monitoring tasks 2. Evaluating mitigation effectiveness 3. Identifying where applicable, corrective management practices 4. Ensurlng that monitoring findlngs are suitably evaluated and incorporated

into future management dec~s~ons.

J1.O Monitorinn Roles and Responsibilities

It is planned that the environmental and social impacts and their designed mit~gat~on measures are to be monitored during implementation and operation stages of the subprojects The roles and responsibilities for mon~toring Impacts and mltlgation measures w~l l be as follows (the capacity building needs to ach~eve and sustain thls have been addressed In Section I ) ;

For Energy Services Delivery Component of the Project, Component 2, ie Rural Energy;

Private Sector Operators (PSO's) ( successful Prlvate Sector Bidders (PSB1s)). who will be assisted by service providers to monitor the environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures of their own sub project activities as contained in their subproject ESIA's. These activities will include acquiring land to construct and operate, sub stations, power grids, power stattons etc. and for renewable energy sources installation of PV solar systems and d~sposal of acid Pb batteries. The PSO's will monitor and evaluate the environmental and social impacts of these activities and the mitigation measures designed , regularly and as frequently as specifled in the subproject ESlA and will maintain suitable records to be made available to their supervising authority, DNE who is the lead member of the REAG responsible for monitoring. The PSO's w~l l monitor the impacts and mitigation measures during all phases of their sub project execution, from bid stage to construction and operations stage. They will also be responsible for monitoring the environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures resulting from the action of their contractors, sub contractors, transporters, suppliers and all other third parties in the course of their duties under the sub project. Further, the PSO's would also be responsible for monitoring the environmental and soc~al impacts and mitigation measures of thelr subprojects at other locations beyond their subproject sites, at end user locat~ons such as at health centers, schools and other community locat~ons. Therefore, wherever environmental and social impacts are attributable to their


subproject activities the appropriate mitigation measures will apply consistent with the subproject ESIA, and they would be responsible for monttorlng and evaluating the same. The PSO's will report to the DNE.

REAG , the rural energy clearing group members who are Agence Mal~enne dlEnergie Rurale (AMDER), the Regulatory Agency (CREE) and the National Directorate of Energy (DNE) will assign the leading role of monltortng the environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures to the DNE. The DNE will carryout this role by ensuring that the subproject environmental and social management plan contalned in the cleared subproject ESIA reports is being implemented as specified therein. That is to say that the DNE will monitor the PSO's monitoring procedures and reports on a regular basis, perhaps quarterly. They will rely on a bottom up feed back system to them from the PSO's at the local commun~ty levels by going through their monitoring reports and making regular site vlsits to inspect and verify for themselves the nature and extent of the impacts and the success or lack off, of the mitigation measures. The REAG as a group and the DNE will be ass~sted by service providers to carryout this role. The REAG group will also then be responsible for monitoring and evaluating the cumulative environmental and social impacts and the mitigation measures of all the subproject activities at the National level and make recommendat~ons for future actions for new sub projects and for any impacts this may have on the need for policy andlor legislattve reform. The DNE on behalf of the REAG will prepare periodic reports. The REAG will report to the Technical Adviser, Min~stry of Mlnes, Energy and Water. The DNE will need equipment and transport to carryout their task effectively and this will be provided by the HEURA project and is budgeted for later in this section.

For Household Energy Component of the Project, Component 3;

Village Management Committee's (VMC's) who will be assisted by servlce providers to monitor the environmental and soclal impacts and mttigation measures of their own sub project activlt~es as contained in their subproject ESIA's. These activities will include implementation of the Forest Management Plans (FMP) wh~ch'essentially involves harvesting woodfuel on a sustainable basis adoptlng zoning and restrictive practices, re-planting of trees, tree felling techniques that .allow stumps to re-grow, efficient production of charcoal, and better management techniques for marketing, and ~ncreased use of energy saving stoves. The VMC's will monitor and evaluate the environmental and social impacts of these activltles and the mitigation measures deslgned , regularly and as frequently as specified in the subproject ESIA, village management plan (VMP), FMP and will maintain suitable records to be made available to their supervising authority, the CED on the demand side and to the CCL on the supply side, who are both members of the HEAG. The VMC's will monitor the Impacts and mitigation measures during all phases of their sub project execution, from preparation of the Village Management Plans and Forest Management Plans stages to the implementation and operation stages of the plans in the rural markets. They will also be responsible for monitoring the environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures resulting from the action of their contractors, sub contractors, transporters, suppliers and all other third partles In the course of


- - - - - --

their duties under the sub project. Therefore, wherever environmental and social impacts are attributable to their subproject activltles the appropriate mitigation measures will apply consistent with the subproject ESIA, and they would be responsible for monitoring and evaluating the same. The VMC's will report to the HEAG.

4. HEAG, the Household energy clearing group members who are Agence Malienne dlEnergie Rurale (AMDER), the Cellule Combust~bles L~gneux (CCL) and the Cellule Energie Domestique Energy (CED) . The CED will play the leading role of monitoring the environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures on the demand side of the subproject and the CCL on the supply side. The CED and CCL will carryout their roles by ensuring that the subproject environmental and social management plan contained in the cleared subproject ESIA, VMP and FMP reports are being Implemented as specified therein. That is to say that the CED and CCL will monitor the VMC's monitoring procedures and reports on a regular basis, perhaps quarterly. They will rely on a bottom up feed back system to them from the VMC's at the local community levels by going through their monitoring reports and making regular site visits to inspect and verify for themselves the nature and extent of the impacts and the success or lack off, of the mitigation measures. The HEAG as a group and the CED and CCL will be assisted by service prov~ders to carryout their roles. The HEAG group will also then be responsible for monitoring and evaluating the cumulative environmental and social impacts and the mitigation measures of all the subproject activities at the Natlonal level and make recommendat~ons for future actions for new sub projects and for any impacts this may have on the need for pol~cy and/or legrslat~ve reform The CED and CCL on behalf of the HEAG will prepare consolidated periodlc monitoring reports. The HEAG will report to the Technical Adviser, Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water. The CED and CCL will need equipment and transport to carryout their task effectively and this will be provided by the HEURA project and is budgeted for later in this section.

For Components 2 and 3

5. The Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water , the Technical Adviser In thls Ministry will be responsible for ensuring project compliance with the environmental and social laws of Mali by delegating this role to the REAG and HEAG as the case maybe but will monltor the~r activities by revlewing the periodic monitoring reports of both the REAG and HEAG and by conducting periodic technical audits of the two working groups.

In conclusion therefore, the system for monitoring functions on a bottom up approach on the one hand in terms of placing monitoring responsibil~ties on the local communities who are then supervised by the REAG or HEAG who in turn IS accountable to the Ministry of Mlnes, Energy and Water. On the other hand this system is made functional by the transfer of technology , capacity bulldlng through tralning and technical assistance and, budgetary support in the top down dlrectlon. This system for monitoring is thus strengthened and sustainable and should yield successful results overall.


J2.0 Costs for lm~lementinn the Monitorinq Plan

AMDER is expected to be the implementation agency for this project, once it becomes effective. The two clearing groups , REAG and HEAG, include AMDER. As a result AMER would be responsible for Implementing the monitoring plan The recruitment of an Environmental Speclalist to advise AMDER on all technical issues including on the processes described in this report.

AMDER would also be responsible for recruiting the service providers that would work wlth the HEAG, REAG, VMC's and PSO's in the execution of their monitoring responsibllit~es, providing them with equipment they may need. The cost of transportation In execution of their monitoring respons~billtles will be financed by the operational budgets of the VMC's and the PSO's directly, and not by the project However, the cost of transportation for REAG and HEAG staff and service providers In sxecutlon of their monitoring responsib~lities will be financed by the project, through AMDER.

As described in earlier sections of this report, there are expected to be 50 subprojects under component 2 (rural energy side) and 150 under component 3 (household energy side). Therefore, there are estimated to be 200 sub projects , with 30% (60) of them requiring resettlement plans.

Under Component 2 (Rural Energy), the assumption is that monitoring would be required quarterly, In a subproject life of 3years say, and that it would take 3days for the DNE to monitor the PSO's and that one service provider per sub project would be required at a rate of $Sotday, for 50 sub projects the total cost for monitoring would be $67, 500.

Under Component 3 (Household Energy), assuming monitoring is carrled out half yearly in a subproject life of 3 years say, and that it will take 5days for the CCL and CED to monitor the VMC's on both the supply and demand side for each subproject , and that one service provider per sub project will be required half yearly for 5 days at a tlme at a rate of $Solday, therefore for 150 subprojects the total cost for monitoring would be $225,000.

The total cost of service providers for monitoring would be $292,500.

The costs for equipment such as computers and monitoring equipment for air quality, pollution of water, soil contaminants etc. is estimated at $100,000.

The cost of providing vehicles, for monitoring which will be used at other times for other project activltles by AMDER is estimated at $80,000 for two four wheel drive vehicles.

The total cost for implementing the monitoring plan would then be US$472, 500 .


Monitoring Plan for Sub Proiect Activities under Component 2 : Energy Services Deliverv (Rural Enerav).

Potential Social and Environmental

Negative Impacts Permanent loss of Land Den~al, Restrictive or loss of access to other economic resources

1 .Increased ernlsslons of greenhouse gases. 2. lncreased pollubon of land(soll), river and other natural water sources. 3. lncreased Pb porsonlng in land and water sources 4 Drsturbance of Wlldl~fe. 5 Increased nose pollution. 6.Dlsruptlon of nver ecology 7 lncreased dependence on fossll fuels

Mitigation Measures

1 Identify land for locatlng of power bnes,

1 grids, power stations, substabons and ~nstallation of solar panels that does not impact people and their economic resources.

2 Prepare resettlement and compensat~on plans consistent Hnth the prepared RPF

Prepare and use cleared subproject EA process andlor ESlA report. addressrng speclfic mrbgation measures such as tra~n~ng and capaclty bulldlng to use modem and appropriate technologies for des~gn and ~mplementabon, waste management, efficiency use. emergency preparedness and response, env~ronmental restorat~on, regular and suitable maintenance of equlpmentlplant, etc

Monitoring Measures

--

To determine if affected people have restored their pre-project incomes I economlc conditions, or not, increased them or not, by check~ng and evaluating on a period~c basis, using venfiable lndlcators set out ln Section M. of RPF

Penod~c monitoring and evaluatron of verifiable ~ndicators for all Impacts identified In the sub project ESMP and examples of which are contained In Section I of thls report.

On-go~ng and whenever land IS usedlaqu~red by a subproject

On going throughout the lrfe of the project and beyond therefore the lnstitubonal arrangements are sustainable beyond the lrfe of the project

Responsibility I Operators (PSO's)

2. DNE for REAG I

3 Technical Adviser - Mln of Mines, Energy and Water.

4. PSO's and DNE, REAG wll be assisted by service providers and wll receive tralnlng

Operators (PSO's)

2 DNE for REAG I 3 Technical Adviser - Min. of Mlnes. Energy and Water.

4 PSO's and DNE. REAG w~ll be asslsted by servrce prov~ders and wll recelve trarning

I

Costs

$87,500 for senrlce prov~den. $40,000 transportatron costs and $50,000 for equrpment


Monitorinp Plan for Sub Proiect Activities under Component 3 : Household Energv.

Potential Social and Environmental

Negative Impacts Permanent loss of Land Denial, Restnctive or loss of access to other economic resources, such as Forest Resources

1 Deforestation, Desertification and Degradat~on 2 So11 erosion. 3 Loss of soil moisture 4 Increased emission of greenhousegases 5 Loss of wildlife

Responsibility

1 .Village Management Committee's OJMC's)

2. CEO for demand side activities and CCL for supply side actmties, both of HEAG

3 Technical Adviser - Min. of Mines, Energy and Water

4. VMC's, CED. CCL , HEAG will be ass~sted by service providers and w~ll receive training

1.Village Management Committee's OJMC'S)

2. CEO for demand side activities and CCL for supply side activities, both of HEAG

Costs

$225,000 for service providers, $40,000 transportation costs and $50,000 for equipment

Mitigation Measures

1 Consultations with and participation of all stakeholders including forest dwellers and pastoralists etc, dunng preparation of Forest Management Plans (FMP's)ensunng sustainabil~ty of forest resources and lncomes of all for 'perpetuity"

2 Include Conflict Resolution Mechanism in Village Management Plans.

3. Prepare resettlement and compensation plans consistent with the prepared RPF where impacts on people and their economic resources cannot be avoided

Prepare and use cleared subproject EA process, addressing specific mitigation measures such as training and capauty building to use modem and appropriate technologies for design

Monitoring Measures

I Verdying that Forest resources are not declining and that local communities have sustainable income and livelihood sources according to the~r FMP's

2 In cases where people and their properties were impacted , deterrn~ne if affected people have restored their pre-project incomes I economic conditions, or not, increased them or not, by checking and evaluating on a peliodic basis, using venfiable ~ndlcators set out in Section M of RPF

Penodic monitoring and evaluation of verifiable indicators for all impacts identified in the sub project ESMP and examples of which are contained in Section I of this report

PhaselStage

On-going and whenever VMC's and FMP's are cleared for implementation .

On going throughout the life of the project and beyond therefore the inshtutlonal arrangements are sustainable beyond the life of the project


6 lncreased tampenng with ecosystems and risks of extinct~on of certain tree species.

1 7. Increased rate of evapotranspiration

and implementation, forest management plans, effiuent use of cookerslstoves, production of more charcoal for same quantities of wood using better burning techniques, emergency preparedness and response and environmental restoration.

3 Technical Adviser - Min of Mines. Energy and Water

4. VMC's, CED, CCL . HEAG will be assisted by senrlce providers and will recelve training


K. CONSULTATION PLAN

The purpose of consultation IS to seek the participation of commun~ties, NGO's and all other stakeholders in the project activities thereby introducing transparency and accountability in the project.

The HEURA is a community demand driven project which by its objects and institutional arrangements depends on the meaningful participation of all stakeholders for success. During the project preparation and implementation stages, the opportunities for effective consultation and participation werelare:

During the preparation of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) that is this report and the approved Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), the consultant who prepared it visited Mali and met project officials and with a village management comm~ttee In Korokoro and a Private Sector Operator, a DSC in Koutiala.

Durlng the preparation of Resettlement and Compensation Plans extensive consultations will take place when the Socio-economic study and census exercise is belng conducted.

a VMC's will consist of members from local communlties who would be chosen following consultations of members of the community, some VMC's may chose to elect their executives.

Durlng the preparation of the Village Management Plans and the Forest Management Plans. The process for preparation of these plans is participatory, as local communities will be required to participate in different activities of the rural markets and using sustainable forest management methods

During the feasibility study stage and in development of their business plans the Private Sector Bidder's (PSB's) would sensitize their targeted consumers to ascertain potential categories and numbers of consumers, their income levels, their power needs etc

Pubhc participation and consultations would take place through meetings, rad~o programs, request for wr~tten proposalslcomments, filling in of questionnairedforms, public readings and explanations of project ~deas and requirements, making public documents available at the, district, town and village levels at suitable locations like the offtcial residences/offices of local chiefslelders and would be in the local languages. These measures would take into account the low literacy levels prevalent in these mmmunlties by allowing enough tlme for responses and feedback.

The consultation plan will be monitored by HEAG and REAG who will set thelr own verifiable indicators to assess the degree of participation of the key stakeholders in sub project preparation by revlewing the VMP's, FMP's and bids from PSO's. The HEAG and REAG will make recommendations when they approve or disapprove VMP's , FMP's and PSB's , consistent with this plan.

The Government of Mali Environment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HELIRA)

Consultation Plan

Project Stage

During Project Preparation

Sub projects ldentiflcation and Clearance

lmplementat~on

Monitoring

Activities

Preparation of ESMF and RPF Preparation of Village Management Plan (VMP's), Forest Management Plans (FMP's), Preparation of ESIA's, Social Assessments, RAPS, Bid Documents Local communit~es are undertak~nglperforming activities according to the VMP's, FMP,s and PSO's contracts. Review of verifiable indicators

Institutional Responsibilities

Government of Mali

HEAG, REAG, VMC's and PSB's

VMC's, PSB's and DNE

DNE, CCL, CED, PSO's

The ~overnment of Mali Environment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

ANNEX A

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM

The Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF) has been designed to assist in the evaluation of sub-projects of the HEURA Project In Mali. The form is des~gned to place information in the hands of reviewers so that mitigation measures, if any, can be tdentrfied andlor that requirements for further environmental analysis be determined.

The ESSF contains lnformatron that w~ll allow reviewers to determine if endangered or threatened species or their habitat, protected areas or areas of relatively intact forest are likely to be present, and ~f further investigation is, therefore, required The ESSF will also identify potential socio-economic impacts that will require mitigation measures and or resettlement and compensation.

Name of Sub project:

Name of Sub project Execut~on Organization:

Name, department, job title, and contact details for the person who is responsible for filling out th~s form.

Name:

Department and title-

Name of Company or Organization:

Telephone number:

Fax number:

E-Mail address:

Date :

Signature:


1. Sub project Description

Please provide information on the type and scale of the sub project (sub project area, area of plants and buildings, production capacity, amounts of power generation, location and lengths of distribution lines etc.) includ~ng construction work areas and access roads

2. The Natural Environment

(a) Describe the vegetation inladjacent to the Sub project area

(b) Estimate and indicate where vegetation might need to be cleared

(c) Are there any environmentally sensitive areas or threatened specles (specify below) that could be adversely affected by the sub project? Yes No

(i) Intact natural forests Yes No

(11) Coastal dune forests Yes No

(iii) Riverine forest Yes No

(iv) Mangroves Yes No

(v) Wetlands (lakes, rivers, seasonally inundated areas) Yes No

(vi) Habitats of endangered species for which protection is required under Mozambican laws and/or international agreements. Yes No

(vii) Others (describe). Yes No


3. River Ecology

Is there a possibil~ty that, due to installation of structures, such as weirs and by-passes for micro-hydro projects, the river ecology will adversely affected (especially In the 'run of the river generation" project)? Attention should be paid to water quality and quantity; the nature, productivity and use of aquatic habitats, and variations of these over time.

Yes No

4. Protected areas

Does the sub project area (or components of the sub project) occur with~nladjacent to any protected areas designated by government (national park, national reserve, world heritage site etc.)

Yes No

If the sub project is outside of, but close to, any protected area, is it llkely to adversely affect the ecology within the protected area areas (e.g , interference with the migration routes of mammals or birds)

Yes No

5. Geology and Soils

Based upon vlsual inspection or ava~lable literature, are there areas of possible geologic or soil instability (erosion prone, landslide prone, subsidence-prone)?

Yes No-

Based upon visual inspection or available Ilterature, are there areas that have risks of large scale increase in soil salinity?

Yes No

6. Landscapelaesthetics

Is there a possibility that the sub project will adversely affect the aesthetic attractiveness of the local landscape?

Yes No

'The Government of Mali Environment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

7. lnvasive plant species along distribution lines

Is the sub project likely to result in the spread of invaslve plant specles (along dlstrlbution lines)?

Yes No

8. Historical, archaeological or cultural heritage site.

Based on available sources, consultation with local authorities, local knowledge and/or observations, could the sub project alter any historical, archaeological or cultural herltage site or require excavation near same?

Yes No

9. Resettlement andlor Land Acquisition

Will involuntary resettlement, land acqu~sltion, or loss of access to land be caused by sub project implementation?

Yes No

10. Loss of Crops, Fruit Trees and Household Infrastructure

Will the sub project result in the permanent or temporary loss of crops, fruit trees and household infra-structure (such as granaries, outside toilets and kitchens, etc)?

Y e s N o

11. Noise pollution from generators

W~ll the operat~ng noise level exceed thelallowable decibel level for that zone?

Yes-No

12. Will the project have adverse impacts on Natural Habitats that will not have acceptable mitigation measures according to OP 4.04 Natural Habitats.?

Yes ... ... No ... ... ...


Annex B

The Env~ronmental and Social Checkl~st is prepared to take into account the screening requirements presented in the main body of this report consistent with the requirements of the World Bank Safeguards Pol~cies and the Potential Impacts anticipated under Components 2 and 3 of the HEURA project and is in two parts. Part A relates to the requirements for sub project compliance w~th Bank Safeguards and Part B to identification of potential and spec~f~c env~ronmental and social Impacts and mitigation measures.

Part A

Safeguard Envrronmental Assessment

Involuntary Resettlement

Natural Habitats

Forest

Pest Management

Cultural Properly

: ; Requirements for ESMF andlor ESlA Identify CL assess potential env rmpacts of sub project in ESMF checklist, Annex B, Part B, holding publ~c consultations wlth local affected communit~es and all stakeholders If checkl~st indicates ~t IS necessary, the PSB'sNMC's will - create TOR for subproject ESlA - commiss~on ESlA to service providers with assistance

from HEAG or REAG - review of ESlA by PSB'sNMC's - clearance of ESlA by HEAG or REAG. PSO'sNMC's should try to avold any proposed investments that will lead to loss of or access to economic assets, loss of lncome or resettlement Where thls IS no possible, the affected peoplelhousehold should be identified, compensated and resettled according to the RPF The ESMF identifies important habitat sltes in the areas of proposed investments, and ~f necessary, the EA process will further idenllfy the ecological functions they perform, the degree of threats to the sltes, and the pnorltles for conservat~on

Preparation of a Forest Management Plan (FMP) follow~ng consultat~on and particlpatlon of users of forest resources to ensure conservat~on and sustainable income generating management activities of Mall's natural forest

ESlA should Include outllne of pest management Issues for proposed lnvestments that checklists Indicate wll require pesticides

EA checklist should Include available lnforrnation concerning cultural properly aspects of the proposed s~tes for activities, followed up by a reconnaissance survey ~f cultural properly may exlst

Requirements for ESMP. A set of mltigatlon, monitoring and lnstltutional measures to be taken during the implementation and operation of investments to ellmlnate, offset or reduce adverse environmental and social lmpacts (such as deforestat~on, so11 eroslon, loss of so11 molstures, Increased emissions of greenhouse gases, degradation of blo- physical env~ronment etc.,)

Investments will require the reparation of a resettlementlcom~ensation plan prepared bv the PSO or VMC in conformity with the Bank approved Resettlement Policv Framework IRPFL Act~v~t~es that promote the rehabilitat~on of degraded habitats, or mltlgatlon measures to minimize habitat loss or establish and maintain an ecologically similar protected area. Sub projects proposals that trigger thls pollcy would have to be prepared consistent with this ESMF and cleared by the REAGMEAG.

VMC's w~l l ensure that a forestry management plan 1s In place, but proposed Investment will not contain commercial forestry operations or act~v~t~es ~n the forest sector that would conflict wilh the Bank's aim to reduce deforestatlon and enhance the env~ronmental contrlbutlon of forested areas

The ESMP should include plaus~ble alternatives to control pest populations and other uses of chemlcal substances ~n conformity with the Bank approved Integrated Pest Management plan. Sub project Investment proposals that trigger this policy wlll not be ellglble for wlll not be eligible for financing. Investments should avoid any activities that mlght damage or impact cultural property Thls lncludes sltes havlng archeological (prehistoric), paleontolog~cal, hlstorlcal,


1 Safeauard I Reauirements for ESMF-and/or ESIA. Reauirements for ESMP . 1 rel~g~ous, and unlque cultural values Sub project Investment propasals that trigger this policy will not be eligible for financing.

Soclal assessments will summarize the key soclal rssues related to proposed investments. - Trad~t~ons, values, social organlzatlon of intended beneficlanes and any Impacts on health of the local community -Tenure rights over land, tree and water resources and how this affects use - Domlnant attitudes and values towards growth, environmental and cornmunlty parttcipatlon - Patterns of lnteract~ons between group members - Capacity of local inst~tut~ons to partlclpate In dec~s~ons, operations, etc.

Central and Local government and PSO's and VMC's w~l l have to address soclal rssues appropriately, consistent with the project ESMF


Part B

If Yes,

Start consultat~ve and participatory process wlth affected people and prepare resettlemenu compensation plan consistent wlth approved RPF

Address all yes's ~n the sub project EA process or ESlA where required.

$ub project Corn ponent 2: enerav Services $;][;di; ti.e. Rural

1. Construction and Erection of Transmission and Distribution Networks, Sub- stations and Stations.

2. Installation of Solar PV systems

Yes Questions to be answered

Is any land that is permanently or temporarily lnhablted for resldentlal or commercial purposes , cultivated or uncult~vated, required andlor will any loss, den~al or restrlctlon to economlc resources on any land be requlred?

Is any land cultivated or uncultrvated, natural resources, structures or other property, used or not used for any purposes, In any way affected?

Will any vegetation be lost during construction?

Are adequate waste dlsposal servrces ( for cement, palnt, engine 011, etc.) provlded for during constructlon?

Will the constructlon site be cleaned regularly, using water to control dust?

Is a schedule In place to clean drains regularly?

Will refuse generation durlng constructlon be regularly clean up? Will flrst ald materials or facllrties be ava~lable during constructlon?

WIII there be adequate protection to protect and marntaln the safety of the local communities and the general publrc as a whole durlng constructlon, erectlon and

No


If Yes,

All subproject impacts to be appropr~ately ~dentif~ed, mitigated and plans for their mon~tor~ng to be addressed by sub project ESlA

Start consultat~ve and participatory process wlth affected people and prepare resettlement1 compensat~on plan cons~stent with approved RPF as part Forest Management Plans

Sub project EA process to address all ~rnpacts ~dent~fted.

Sub project

3.0perations and Maintenance Stage

Instaliatlon, Operation and Maintenance of Fossil Fueled generators.

Operation and Maintenance of Transmission and Distribution of networks . Operatlon and Maintenance of Solar PV Systems.

Component 3: Household Energy.

Implementation of Village Management Plans

Implementation activities of participants !n the Rural Markets.

Questions to be answered raising of cables?

Is there an acceptable plan to avo~d land and so11 pollut~on from seml-hazardous wastes such as lubricants, fuel, thermal isolators and containers of lubricants?

Will the em~ssion of greenhouse gases and tox~c gases from power stat~ons be mon~tored?

W~l l there be sound ~nsulation around generators or power houses?

Will old and disused lead (Pb) and ac~d batteries be pollute the env~ronment.? If no how w~l l they be disposed of safely and adequately ?

Is there a plan or are thelr measures to ensure adequate protect~on of the water and fodder sources for l~vestock use and sustenance for grazlng uses?

Is any land that is permanently or temporartly inhabited for residentla1 or commercial purposes , cultivated or uncultivated, required andlor w~ll any loss, denial or restr~ctron to economic resources (forests )on any land be requ~red?

Will trees ~n forests be cut?

W~l l charcoal be produced?

Will new trees be planted?

Will ind~genous tree species become extinct?

W~l l ~nd~genous tree species be re-~ntroduced 9

Will trees that can grow

Yes No


Sub project Questions to be answered relatively quickly under prevailing soil condlt~ons In Mall be planted? Have these trees be ident~f~ed and will they be procured?

Is there a sultable plan to ensure that only the r~ght trees are cut?

W~l l strict enforcement of forest management plans be executed?

Will soil eroslon be controlled7

Will loss of soil moisture be controlled ~n forest areas where tree covers have disappeared?

Will there be loss of or changes In natural patterns of wildlife such as m~gratlng blrds etc 7

W~ll the overall rate of deforestation be controlled?

Will the overall life of the forest under management be more than fiyears?

Will charcoal producers clean up thelr areas after use?

Are more eff~c~ent productlon methods and techniques of charcoal productlon belng used?

W~l l there be an Increase in the use of new and modern cookng stoves 7

Is there a plan or are thelr measures to ensure adequate protection of the water and fodder sources for livestock use and sustenance for grazing uses?

Will there be participation in the sub project of non fuel wood harvesters such as

If Yes, Yes No


Sub project No If Yes,

I

Questions to be answered pastorallst, agriculturists, trad~t~onal herbalists , hunters and other forest users'

Is there a potential for confl~cts between users and communities.?

Is there a mechanism to prevent conflicts 9

Yes

The Government of Mali ~nvironment and Social Management Framework Household Energy and Universal Access Project (HEURA)

Annex C

Procedures for Sub-project Investments Requiring ESIA

Step 1: Screening

To determine the depth of ESlA requ~red, potential impacts in the following areas need to be considered:

Social issues Health issues Protected areas Cultural her~tage, archaeological sites Existing natural resources such as forests, soils, wetlands, water resources Wildllfe or endangered species' habitats

Step 2: Scoping

To ~dent~fy the relevant environmental and social issues, this step determines:

Level of detail required for the ESlA Extent of the area to be covered in light of the potentlal impact zones Timeframe for the ESlA based on the potential Impact zones Sequencing and scheduling of the various ESlA tasks Preliminary budgets

Step 3: Preparation of Terms of Reference for sub project ESlAs

Based on the screening and scooping results, ESlA terms of reference will be prepared. The ESlA will be conducted by a local service provider, and the report should have the following format:

Description of the study area Description of the sub project Descript~on of the environment Legislative and regulatory considerations Determination of the potential impacts of the proposed sub projects Public consultations process Development of mlt~gation measures and a monitoring plan, ~ncludrng cost estimates