Government/Social Government/Social StructureStructure

GovernmentGovernment

Pharaoh(God-King): absolute ruler

Dynasty: One family passes down the right to rule

Vizier: chief administrator and advisor

Important PharaohsImportant Pharaohs

Menes: 1st pharaoh; United upper and lower Egypt(flourished c. 2925 BCE)

Ramses II: reigned for 66 years; built the Egyptian Empire

Cleopatra VII: Last Pharaoh of Egypt(Ended 30 BC)

Art and ArchitectureArt and Architecture

Belief in the afterlife demanded: 1. Bodies be interred whole2. Material goods for use in

afterlife be present

Egyptian ArtworkEgyptian Artwork

Stela (carved stone)

Notice, all people drawn from the side – even when looking right at you!

WritingWritingHieroglyphics

TechnologyTechnology

ReligionReligionPolytheistic

interaction with the natural environment shows interrelated gods and goddesses yearly rebirth of Nile and daily rebirth of sun

- over 2000 gods

HorusHorus

Horus, god of balance and harmony

maintained the natural order: the flow of the Nile and the fertility of the soil.

OsirisOsiris

God of the Dead - “rebirth” - and the weighing of the heart

Evolution of Egyptian mythology known as a ruler in the Nile delta - a local god regional god.

MummiesMummies

Not known when it started in Egypt

Perfected by time of New Kingdom

How to make a mummy: 70 steps 1) Removal of the brain through the nostrils 2) Removal of the

intestines through an incision in the side 3) Sterilization of the body and intestines 4) Treating, cleaning, dehydrating the intestines 5) Packing the body with natron (a natural dehydrating agent) and leaving for 40 days 6) Removal of the natron agent 7) Packing the limbs with clay or sand 8) Packing the body with linen (soaked in resin), myrrh and cinnamon 9) Treating the body with ointments and finally wrapping with a fine linen gauze, not less than 1000 square yards .

Why were the Egyptians so Why were the Egyptians so into pyramids and mummies?into pyramids and mummies?

The Egyptians were obsessed with the cult of the dead.

They had elaborate death rituals and gods.

To protect the dead in the afterlife and to prevent robbers from desecrating tombs, the Egyptians hid their burials and placed curses to warn off violators.

Canopic Jars made of alabaster for storage of heart, stomach, intestines and liver which were also treated

Inner coffin

Mummy

Second inner coffin lid

Second inner coffin

King TutKing Tut

How it all began…How it all began…““Death shall come on Death shall come on

swift wings to him swift wings to him that toucheth the that toucheth the tomb of Pharaoh.tomb of Pharaoh.””

These are the words written across the seal of King Tut’s tomb in Egypt. When this tomb was

disturbed for the first time in 3400 years by the English

Egyptologist Howard Carter in November of 1922, newspapers

around the world announced the discovery.

Wait, who was King Tut Wait, who was King Tut anyway?anyway?

Tutankhamun was an Egyptian king that is more famous for his death than for his life.

Tut began ruling when he was 8 years old, and died when he was 18.

Very few written documents on Tut survive and not very much is known of his life.

Most experts agree Tut died a violent death, but they don’t know for sure if he was murdered.

Tut is most famous because his spectacular tomb was discovered, almost intact and filled with treasures, by Howard Carter in 1922.

Here are some of those Here are some of those treasures!treasures!

Nice, arenNice, aren’’t they?t they?

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/09/tut-dna/tut-family-tree

Who were Howard Carter and Who were Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon?Lord Carnarvon?

Lord Carnarvon was a very wealthy man who paid Howard Carter to search for the tomb of King Tut in Egypt.

Howard Carter searched for the tomb for five years.

Their find became the most famous archaeological discovery of all time.