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Agenda
Introduction to Windows Powershell
Scripting with Windows Powershell
Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)
Scripting Best Practices
Agenda
Introduction to Windows Powershell
Scripting with Windows Powershell
Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)
Scripting Best Practices
Windows Powershell - Overview
Interactive Shell
Rich Scripting Environment
Object Oriented
Extensible
Secure
More than everything, EASY!
Architecture
Platform and Application Functionality
as COM and .NET Objects
Windows PowerShell Cmdlets
MMC Snap-In ScriptsInteractive Shell
Interfaces such as WMI, ADSI
CmdLet Syntax
Status Name DisplayName
------ ---- -----------
Stopped NetLogon NetLogon
Running Netman Network Connections
PS> get-service –name “*net*”
Verb NounName
ArgumentString
Command Parameter
Property Names
Property Values
Powershell Security
Powershell not associated with .PS1Doesn’t run script by Default
Does not run scripts without a path
You need to autograph your scriptExecution Policy
Restricted, Allsigned, Remote-signed, Unrestricted
Standard parameters like “-whatif”, “-confirm” to save you from making accidental changes
Read-Host -assecurestring
Common CmdLetsPS C:\> Get-Command
CommandType Name Definition ----------- ---- ---------Function A: Set-Location A: Cmdlet Add-Computer Add-Computer [[-ComputerName] <String[]>] [-Do...Cmdlet Add-Content Add-Content [-Path] <String[]> [-Value] <Objec...
PS C:\> Get-Help Get-Command
PS C:\> Get-Process
PS C:\> Get-Process | Where-Object {$_.CPU –gt 100}
PS C:\> Get-Service
PS C:\> Get-EventLog
PS C:\> $var = Read-Host
PS C:\> Write-Host $var
PS C:\> Restart-Computer –ComputerName “MYBOSSPC”
Agenda
Introduction to Windows Powershell
Scripting with Windows Powershell
Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)
Scripting Best Practices
Variables$ represents variable
$txt = get-content “C:\test.txt”
Type determined based on usage
Strong typing: [int] $n
Constants: Set-Variable pi 3.14 –option Constant
Arrays$arr = @(1,2,3). $arr[0] returns 1
Associative Arrays (Hashtables)$marks = @,ram=“100”;ravan=“0”-
$marks.ram returns “100”
$marks*“ram”+ returns “100”
OperatorsArithmetic
+, -, *, /, %
Assignment=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=
Conditional-gt, -lt, -ge, -le, -ne, -eq, -contains
Append i or c for case insensitive or sensitive operations
String+, *, -replace, -match, -like
Constructs
If (condition) {
# do something
} ElseIf {
# do something
} Else {
# do something
}
Constructs
For ($i = 0; $i –lt 10; $i++) {
# do something
if ($i –eq 5) {
break
}
}
Constructs
Foreach ($item in collection) {
# Do something to the item
if ($item –eq “a value”) ,
break
}
}
ConstructsSwitch (variable) {
“value1” , #do something-
“value2” , #do something-
“value3” , #do something-
}
Switch –regex|-wildcard (variable) {
“.*?” , #do something-
}
Functions
function take_all_args {
write-host $Args[0]
}
function take_sp_args (*string+$label = “t”)
{
# do something
}
Build a script to identify IP addresses that are currently in use in a given subnet, using a simple ping test
Agenda
Introduction to Windows Powershell
Scripting with Windows Powershell
Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)
Scripting Best Practices
WMI Objects Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)
◦ WMI is a core technology for Windows system administration
◦ It exposes a wide range of information in a uniform manner.
Get-WmiObject cmdlet
Listing WMI classes◦ Get-WmiObject -List
◦ Get-WmiObject -list -ComputerName cflabsql01
Getting WMI objects◦ Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem
◦ Get-WmiObject -class Win32_LogicalDisk
◦ Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Service | Select-Object -Property Status,Name,DisplayName
Working with WMIGet free hard disk space availableGet the amount of RAM installed
COM Objects Create a COM object using New-Object
◦ > $xl= New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application
Reflect against properties/methods◦ > $xl |get-member
Access properties/methods◦ > $xl.Visible = “True”
Drill down into Excel object model◦ > $wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()
◦ > $ws = $xl.Worksheets.Item(1)
◦ > $ws.Cells.Item(1,1) = "TEST“
◦ > $ws.Cells.Item(1,1).Font.Bold = "True“
◦ > $ws.Cells.Item(1,1).Font.Size = 24
◦ $xl.Workbooks.Add().Worksheets.Item(1).Cells.Item(1,1) = "HELLO"
Working with Excel – Make an Excel report of Software Installed on a given machine
.NET Objects Creating .Net objects
$f = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.Form
Inspecting properties-methods $f|Get-Member
Accessing properties-methods $f.Text = "Give me the username and password“
Adding Controls to the Parent Object (Form) Create control object:
$OKButton = New-object System.Windows.Forms.Button
Add control to Parent: $f.Controls.Add($OKButton)
Load any assembly and use its objects◦ [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFrom(“…\abc.dll”);
Getting user credentials using a dialog box.NET Namespace: System.Windows.Forms
Agenda
Introduction to Windows Powershell
Scripting with Windows Powershell
Working with Objects (WMI, COM, .NET)
Scripting Best Practices
Scripting Best Practices
Use sensible variable names
Indent within constructs
Use Source Control
Avoid aliases within Scripts
Use as descriptive comments as possible
Use Functions and Script blocks to reduce the number of lines of code
Test thoroughly for boundary conditions before running in production
Capture and report all logical errors
Powershell Resources
Powershell Download link: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=c913aeab-d7b4-4bb1-a958-ee6d7fe307bc&displaylang=en
Powershell Blog:http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/
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IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.