gps12 owners manual

7/29/2019 GPS12 Owners Manual

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O w n e r sM a n u a l

& R ef e r en c e

GPS12

Per sonalNavigat or TM

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Software Version 4.52 or above

1999 GARMIN Corporation

GARMIN International, Inc., 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas66062 USA

Tel: 913-397-8200 or 800-800-1020 Fax: 913-397-8282

GARMIN (Europe) Ltd., Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9AQ UK

Tel: 011-44-1794-519944 Fax: 011-44-1794-519222

GARMIN (Asia) Corp., 3rd Fl., No. 1, Lane 45, Pao-Hsing Road, Hsin Tien, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.

Tel: 011-886-02-2917-4107 Fax: 011-886-02-2917-1758

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means including photocopying and recording, for any purpose with-out the express written permission of GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reservesthe right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content with-out obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes.

GARMIN, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate, TracBack, and PhaseTrac12 are all trade-marks of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the expressed permis-

sion of GARMIN.

January 1999 Part Number 190-00143-10 Rev. B Printed in Taiwan


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GPS 12Owner sManual

Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS 12 the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator for outdoor use! The GPS 12 represents GARMINs

continuing commitment to provide quality navigation information in aversatile and user-friendly flexible design youll enjoy for years. To get themost from your new GPS, take the time to read through the owners man-ual in order to understand the operating features of the GPS 12. Thismanual is organized into four sections for your convenience:

Introduction gives a quick overview of the manual and contains thetable of contents and the glossary of navigational terms.

Getting Started introduces you to the basic features of the unit andprovides a quick-start orientation to the GPS 12.

Reference provides details about the advanced features and opera-tions of the GPS 12 by topic.

TheAppendix section contains initialization instructions and itemswith multiple listings, such as map datums, time offsets, and theindex.

Before getting started with your GPS, check to see that your GARMIN

GPS 12 package includes the following items. If you are missing anyparts, please contact your dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

GPS 12 Unit Owners Manual

Wrist Strap Quick Reference Guide

See your GARMIN dealer for accessories including our PC kit, swivelmounts, external antennas, and power/data cables.

We at GARMIN hope the GPS 12 will help you meet all of yournavigation needs and know it will become a valuable piece of youroutdoor gear.

i

INTRODUCTION

Packing List


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Caution

INTRODUCTION

ii

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States,which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system issubject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of allGPS equipment. Although the GPS 12 is a precision electronic NAVigation

AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore,become unsafe.

Use the GPS 12 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe opera-tion, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Operators Manualand thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actualuse. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 12 to allavailable navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs,visual sightings, maps, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before

continuing navigation.

NOTE: This device meets requirements for Part 15 of the FCC limits forClass B digital devices for home or office use. It has been tested for compli-ance with all necessary FCC standards. This equipment generates, uses, andcan radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-dance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio commu-nications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in aparticular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference toother equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off andon, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating theequipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affectedequipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technicianfor additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation issubject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmfulinterference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 12 does

not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by anauthorizedservice center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could voidyour warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15regulations.


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1

INTRODUCTION

Table ofContents

SECTION ONE IntroductionGlossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3Battery Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Keypad Usage & Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Primary Page Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7

SECTION TWO Getting StartedPower On & Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Position Page, Map Page, & Going To A Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Compass Page & Cancelling A GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Clearing the Map, Screen Contrast, & Power Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

SECTION THREE ReferenceSatellite Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13Battery Level Indicator, Backlighting, and Emergency Erase . . . . . . .14Position Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-16Marking a Position & Position Averaging Function . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Waypoint Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-22GOTO & Man Overboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-25Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-30Compass & Highway Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-34Map Page, Zooming, & Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-37

Map Options & Map Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Track Log Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39-40Main Menu Page, Distance/Sun Calculations & Messages . . . . . .40-41Setup Menu & System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-43Navigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44-45Angular Heading Selection & Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Interface Setup & DGPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47-48Language Setup & Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

SECTION FOUR AppendicesAppendix AInitialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-51Appendix BSpecifications & Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53Appendix CMessages and Time Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55Appendix DMap Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-57Appendix EIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-60


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Glossary

INTRODUCTION

2

The GPS 12 is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere inthe world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpfulto review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below.

Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in theappropriate reference sections of the manual.

Almanac Data

Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satel-lites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac datamust be acquired before GPS navigation can begin.

Bearing (BRG)

The compass direction from your position to a destination.

Course Made Good (CMG)

The bearing from the active from position (your starting point) to yourpresent position.

Crosstrack Error (XTK)

The distance you are off a desired course in either direction.Desired Track (DTK)

The compass course between the from and to waypoints.

Differential GPS (DGPS)

An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons totransmit position corrections to GPSreceivers.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)

The time of day of your arrival at a destination.

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)

The time left to your destination at your present speed.


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3

INTRODUCTION

Glossary

Grid

Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using squarezones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid

systems.

Ground Speed (SPD)

The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position.

Latitude

The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earthspolar axis.

LongitudeAn east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime Meridian,

an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles.

Navigation

The process of traveling from one place to another and knowing whereyou are in relation to your desired course.

Position

An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.

Track (TRK)

The direction of movement relative to a ground position.

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface tomeasure position in specific zones.

Velocity Made Good (VMG)The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination.

Waypoint

A specific location saved in the receivers memory.


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Battery Installation

The GPS 12 operates on 4 AA batteries, which areinstalled at the base of the unit. These batteries provideup to 24 hours of use.

To install the batteries:

1. Remove the battery cover by turning the thumbloop at the bottom of the unit 1/4 turn counter-clockwise.

2. Insert the batteries into position. The battery poleyou can still see should match the symbol (+ or )marked on the case.

3. Replace and secure the battery cover by turningthe thumb loop 1/4 turn clockwise.

Battery life varies due to a variety of factors,including temperature and backlighting. You mayfind that lithium batteries provide longer life in colderconditions.

BatteryInstallation

INTRODUCTION

4


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5

DATA ENTRYPress the U orDkey to scroll through let-ters, numbers, and tohighlight menu optionsand data fields. PresstheL orR key to movealong data entry fields

and menu options. Aftera data field is highlight-ed, press E to acti-vate the field forchange. Press Eagain to confirm theentries or changes.

INTRODUCTION

Keypad Usage &Data Entry

BTurns the unit on and off andactivates screen backlighting.

P

Scrolls through the main data

pages in sequence and returnsdisplay from a submenu pageto a primary page.

MCaptures a position and dis-plays the mark position page.

G

Displays GOTO page with

the waypoint highlighted forGOTO operation. PressingGOTO twice activates MOB.

EConfirms data entry andactivates highlighted fieldsto allow data entry.

Q Returns display to a previouspage, or restores a data fieldsprevious value.

UDSelects alphanumericalcharacters and menu choicesand moves the field highlightfrom field to field.

L RMoves the selected characterfield and moves the fieldhighlight from field to field.


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Primary Pages

Before we start the tour, lets briefly look at the fiveprimary information pages used for the GPS 12. Switchbetween pages by pressing either theQ orJ keys.

Satellite Page

TheSatellite Page shows satellite positions and

signal strength. Satellite positions are displayed usingtwo circles and a center point. The outer circle showssatellites on level with the horizon; the inner circle is45 above the horizon; and the center point representssatellites directly overhead. Knowing satellite positionswill show you the direction of any blocked signals.

The bottom of the page contains a row of signalstrength bars corresponding to each satellite being used.

Position Page

ThePosition Page shows you where you are, whatdirection youre heading and how fast youre going.

The top of the page contains a compass tape whichis a graphic representation of your heading (or track).Your track and speed are indicated immediately below.

The graphic compass tape reflects your actualheading (track) only while you are moving.

The rest of the page shows your current position inthree dimensions: latitude, longitude, and altitude. Atrip odometer and 12/24-hour clock are also provided.

Primary Pages

INTRODUCTION

6

Satellite Page

The Satellite Page will

allow you to monitor

satellite signal reception

and strength.

J

Q

!

Position Page

Satellite Position Map Compass Main Menu


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Map Page

TheMap Page acts as a window. It allows you toview your position, the path you have traveled over,and nearby waypoints.

A diamond icon in the center of the screen repre-sents your current position. As you move, you will seea thin linecalled a track logappear along the pathyou have just covered. Names of stored waypoints andnearby cities can also be shown on the map.

The bottom corners of the map will always displayyour current track and speed. When going to a way-

point, highlighting an on-screen waypoint, or using thepanning target crosshair, the corresponding distanceand bearing are shown at the top corners of the map.

The top of the screen contains the zoom, pan, and con-figuration fields.

Navigation Page

A navigation page gives you steering guidance

when going to a waypoint. The GPS 12 has two naviga-tion page choices: the Compass Page and the HighwayPage. The Compass Page is the default and will bebriefly explained here. The Highway Page is covered onpage 34.

TheCompass Page shows the destination way-point at the top of the page with the bearing (BRG) anddistance (DST) to the waypoint shown below. The cen-

ter of the page contains a compass ring and arrow toshow you the direction of the waypoint from the direc-tion you are moving. The bottom of the page givesyour track (TRK), speed (SPD), and a selectable fieldfor estimated time to arrival (ETA), estimated timeenroute (ETE), course to steer (CTS), crosstrack error,(XTK), velocity made good (VMG), or turn bearing(TRN).

Main Menu Page

The last primary page is theMain Menu Page.The Main Menu Page gives you access to the GPS12swaypoint management, route, track log, and setup fea-tures through a list of submenus.

7

Map Page

The Map Page shows

your progress on a mov-ing map plotter and gives

a birds-eye-view of sur-

rounding waypoints.

INTRODUCTION

Primary Pages

Compass Page

The Compass Page is the

default navigation page

and will show you the

way to the waypoint from

the direction you are

moving.


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Getting Started Tour

Now that youve seen the primary pages, lets getstarted by taking a simple tour to show you the basicsabout using your GPS 12. The tour assumes that your

unit has been turned on and that none of the factorysettings ( units of measure, selectable fields, etc.) havebeen changed. If these settings have been changed, thepictures and descriptions you see in this manual maynot match what you see on your screen.

Turning the GPS 12 On

1. PressB until the receiver turns on.

The welcome page will appear while the unit con-ducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the SatellitePage will appear. When sufficient satellite signals havebeen acquired, the Satellite Page will be replaced by thePosition Page.

Marking a Position with defaults

GPS is really about marking and going to placescalled waypoints. Before we can use our GPS 12 to

guide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as awaypoint. (Your GPS 12 can hold up to 500 waypoints.)

To mark your present position:

1. Press theM key. The mark position page willappear, with a default three-digit name for the newwaypoint in the upper-left portion of the page. You cansave the waypoint with the default name and symbol

at this time by highlighting SAVE and pressingE.To rename the waypoint:

1. Highlight the name field, and pressE.

2. Enter the waypoint name HOME, and pressE.(See pg. 5 for data entry.) The waypoint symbol fieldwill become highlighted.

Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom way-

point symbol for easy waypoint recognition on the map.To change the waypoint symbol:

1. Highlight the waypoint symbol field, and pressE.

2. Select the house symbol, and pressE.

3. Move the cursor to the DONE? prompt, and press

E.

Power On &Marking a

Position

GETTINGSTARTED

8

The welcome page will beshown while the unit con-ducts a self test. Press

PAGE to quickly move onto the Satellite Page.

P ress the UP arrow to

move forward through thealphabet or numbers and

the DOWN arrow to

move backward.


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Using the Position Page

Walk for 3-4 minutes and watch the Position Page.The direction you are moving (track), your speed, tripdistance, and altitude are shown on the upper half ofthe screen. The latitude and longitude of your position

are displayed in the middle of the page, with the timeof day shown below.

Lets continue by moving to the next page:

1. PressP.

Map Page

The next page is the Map Page. To ensure we can

see our entire trip on the map, lets change the mapscale from 0.2 mi (default) to 1.2 mi.

1. Use the arrow keys to highlight the ZOOM fieldlocated directly to the right of the magnifying glass atthe top left of the Map Page and pressE.

2. Press theU orD arrow until 1.2 mi is shownand pressE.

The Map Page shows your present position as adiamond icon in the center of the map. The housesymbol labeled HOME is the waypoint you createdand the line connecting the two is your track log.

1. Now turn approximately 90 to your right and continuewalking for another 2-3 minutes. Notice how the dis-play changes, always keeping the direction you aremoving at the top of the map (see right).

Going to a WaypointOnce youve stored a waypoint in memory, you

may return to it by performing a GOTO. A GOTO is astraight-line course from your present position to thedestination youve selected. Lets navigate back to ourstarting position, the HOME waypoint.

To select a GOTO destination:

1. PressG.

2.Highlight the HOME waypoint, and pressE.

Youll notice that youll automatically return to theMap Page, and a straight line will connect your currentposition to the position of the destination waypoint.

Lets continue by moving to the next page:

1. PressP.9

The Map Page displays

your present position as a

diamond icon and pro-

vides a real-time graphicbreadcrumb display of

your track right on the

screen.

GETTINGSTARTED

Position/Map

Pages & Going

To a Waypoint

The GOTO waypoint

page allows you to selecta destination from a

list of all available way-

points in the GPS 12s

memory.


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Compass Page

Whenever you select a destination waypoint, theGPS 12 provides graphic steering guidance with theCompass Page (the default navigation page). The com-pass ring in the middle of the page shows your courseover ground while youre moving, with a pointer arrowto the destination displayed in the center. The arrowshows the direction of your destination relative to thedirection you are moving. For instance, if the arrow

points up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If thearrow points any other direction (left, right, down, etc.),turn toward the arrow until it points up. Then continuein that direction.

The bearing and distance to a waypoint are dis-played at the top of the screen, and your current trackand speed are shown below. The default ETE field, atthe bottom of the screen, is a user-selectable field thatcan provide a variety of navigation information. Wellcover more about that field in the reference section (seepage 32).

As you get close to HOME, youll be alerted topress PAGE. The GPS 12 will give you the messageArrival at HOME. Once youve arrived, youll noticethe distance field will read 0.00.

Cancelling a GOTO

If you decide to stop navigating to the active way-point, all you have to do is cancel the GOTO.

To cancel an active GOTO:

1. Press theG key.

2. Use the arrow keypad to move the field highlight to theCANCEL GOTO prompt at the bottom of the page andpressE.

Compass Pageand Cancelling

a GOTO

GETTINGSTARTED

10

The GPS 12 will also pro-

vide steering guidance

with a Highway Page.

To change the displayfrom the Compass Page,

press ENTER twice.

Once a GOTO is activat-

ed, the GPS 12 provides

steering guidance until theG O T O is canceled. To

cancel a GOTO, highlight

the cancel prompt at the

bottom of the page and

press ENTER.

Bearing toWaypoint

Pointer toWaypoint

Selectable Field

Distance toWaypoint

Speed OverGround

DestinationWaypoint

Track OverGround

GraphicCompass


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Clearing a Cluttered Map Display

After youve used the GPS12 for a few trips, youmay find that your map display has become a bit messyfrom keeping track of your every move. For practice,lets clean up the screen by clearing the track log (the

plot points left on the Map Page) weve just createdduring the Getting Started tour.

1. PressP orQ until the Map Page appears.

2. Highlight the OPT field and pressE.

3. Highlight Track Setup and pressE.

4. Highlight the CLEARLOG? option and pressE.

The clear log confirmation page will appear.

5. Use theL key to highlight the Yes prompt.

6. PressEto finish.

Adjusting Screen Contrast

You can access the GPS 12s contrast feature fromthe Satellite Page.

To adjust the screen contrast:1. PressP orQ until the Satellite Page

appears.

2. PressLorRto adjust the level of contrast, and pressE.

Screen Backlighting

Screen backlighting is available for nighttime use.

Activate backlighting by pressing theB key briefly.Backlighting will remain on for the time specified onthe system setup page (See page 43).

Turning the Receiver Off

Youve now gone through the basic operation ofyour new GPS receiver and probably know a little morethan you think about how it works. We encourage you

to experiment with the GPS12 until it becomes anextension of your own navigation skills. If youencounter any problems using the unit or want to takeadvantage of the GPS 12s more advanced features, turnto the reference section.

To turn the GPS 12 off:

1. Press and hold theB key for 3 seconds.11

Highlight the CLEARLOG? prompt and pressENTER to clear the tracklog.

Note: With the Wr a p re c o rd option, once all1024 points are used dur-ing normal operation, theoldest point will be contin-uously deleted to makeroom for the latest tracklog point to be stored.

GETTINGSTARTED

Clearing theMap, Adjusting

Contrast, &Power Off

Pressing the LEFT orRIGHT arrows from theSatellite Page will auto-matically activate thescreen contrast bar.


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Satellite Page

The GPS 12s Satellite Page displays the status ofvarious receiver functions. The status information willhelp you understand what the GPS 12 is doing at anygiven time, and will tell you whether or not the receiverhas calculated a position fix.

Sky View and Signal Strength Bars

The sky view and signal strength bars give you an

indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver,whether or not they are being used to calculate a posi-tion fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky viewshows a birds-eye-view of the position of each availablesatellite relative to the units last known position. Theouter circle represents the horizon (north up); the innercircle is 45 above the horizon; and the center point isdirectly overhead. You can use the sky view to help

determine if any satellites are being blocked, andwhether you have a current position fix (indicated by2D NAV or 3D NAV in the status field). You can alsoset the sky view to a track up configuration by changingthe orientation option on the Map Page. (See pg. 38 forsetup instructions.)

When the receiver is looking for a particular satel-lite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank

and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once thereceiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strengthbar will appear, indicating that the satellite has beenfound and the receiver is collecting data from it. Thesatellite number in the sky view will no longer appearhighlighted. As soon as the GPS 12 has collected thenecessary data to calculate a fix, the status field willindicate a 2D or 3D status.

Satellite Page

REFERENCE

12

The GPS 12 SatellitePage will help you deter -mine which satellites are

in view, and whether ornot any satellites arebeing shaded or blocked

from receiving satellitesignals (see satellites 07and 19 above).

By periodically monitor-ing the signal strength

bars at the bottom of thepage and the north upsky view, you will be ableto see how moving toanother area with aclearer view of the skywill improve satellitereception and speed upsignal acquisition.

Battery

Indicator

Horizontal

Accuracy

Signal Strength

Indicators

Skyview

Display

Status

Field


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Receiver Status

Receiver status is indicated at the top left of thepage, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimatedposition error, in feet or meters) at the top right. Thestatus will be shown as one of the following conditions:

Searching the GPS 12 is looking for any avail-able satellites in view.

AutoLocate the GPS 12is initializing and col-lecting new almanac data. This process can take 5minutes, depending on the satellites currently inview.

Acquiring the receiver is collecting data fromavailable satellites, but has not collected enoughdata to calculate a 2D fix.

2D Nav (2D Navigation) at least three satel-lites with good geometry have been locked onto anda 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude)is being calculated. 2D Diff will appear when youare receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode.

3D Nav (3D Navigation) at least four satelliteswith good geometry have been locked onto, andyour position is now being calculated in latitude,longitude and altitude. 3D Diff will appear when youare receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode.

Poor Cvg (Poor GPS Coverage) the receiverisnt tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fixdue to bad satellite geometry.

Not Usable the receiver is unusable, possiblydue to incorrect initialization or abnormal satelliteconditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset,and reinitialize the receiver if necessary.

Simulator the receiver is in simulator mode.

EZinit Option Prompt

The Satellite Page also provides access to the EZinitprompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated.(The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring,

simulator, or poor coverage mode.) This allows you toreinitialize the unit (see Appendix A), and is useful ifyou have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver offand must initialize your new position. (The EZinitprompt will automatically appear if the receiver needsto be initialized. The prompt may also appear duringnormal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit is oper-ated indoors.)

13

The signal strength bars at

the bottom of the page will

not appear until the GPS

12 has found the satellitesindicated at the bottom of

the screen.

REFERENCE

Receiver Status& EZinit

If you travel more than

500 miles with the receiv-

er off, reinitialize the unitto your new position by

using the EZinit feature.

To access EZinit, pre s s

ENTER from the Satellite

Page before any satellites

are acquired.


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Battery Level Indicator

The Satellite Page also features a battery level indi-cator, located to the left of the sky view, which displaysthe strength of the units batteries.

The battery level indicator is calibrated for alka -

line batteries. Voltage differences will display

Ni-Cad and lithium batteries differently . No

other receiver functions are affected.

The GPS 12 features an internal lithium battery thatwill maintain the units memory when the receiver is not

running off batteries or external power.Backlighting Bulb Icon

The GPS 12 features full-screen backlighting.Activate the backlight by pressing theB key briefly.Note: A bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Pagewhen backlighting is turned on.

Emergency Erase Function

You may erase the GPS 12s memory in four quicksteps. This will cause all stored data to be deleted,including: routes, waypoints, and the track log.

To erase all stored data:

1. Ensure that the GPS 12 is turned off.

2. While holding down theMkey, hold down theBkey to turn the unit on. A warning message will appearwith Yes? highlighted, and ask you to confirm yourselection.

3. If you do not wish to erase all stored data, press RandEto cancel the emergency erase.

4. If you do wish to complete the emergency erase, press

Eto confirm.

Battery Level,Backlighting &

Emergency Erase

REFERENCE

14

When backlighting is on, a

bulb icon will appear on

the Satellite Page.

Use the icon to determine

if backlighting is turned

on during daylight hours.

Upon activating the

E m e rgency EraseFunction, you will beasked to confirm yourdecision.

!


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Position Page

The second page in the GPS 12s primary pagesequence is the Position Page. This page shows youwhere you are, what direction youre heading, and howfast youre going, and its most useful when you are trav-

eling without an active destination waypoint. The graph-ic heading display at the top of the page indicates thedirection youre heading (track) while youre moving.

Directly below this display are the track, speed, andtrip odometer (default) fields. Track is the compassdirection representing your course over the ground, orthe direction youre moving. The lower left-hand cor-ner of the page shows your current latitude and longi-

tude in degrees and minutes. The GPS 12 uses thisbasic information to mark exact positions as waypoints,which help guide you from one place to another. Thelower right-hand corner of the page contains the alti-tude field (default). Below that field is a 12- or 24-hourclock.

Both the trip odometer and the altitude fields areuser selectable, and both offer a trip odometer, triptimer, and elapsed time. This way, you can always besure of viewing this information regardless of theoption youve selected for the other user-selectablefield.

The following user-selectable options are availableon the Position Page:

Trip Odometer (TRIP) total distance

traveled since last reset.Trip Timer (TTIME) total (cumulative)time in which a ground speed has beenmaintained since last reset.

Elapsed Time (ELPSD) total time inhours and minutes since last reset.

Average Speed (AVSPD) average speedtraveled since last reset.

Maximum Speed (MXSPD) maximumspeed traveled since last reset.

Altitude (ALT) vertical distance abovemean sea level.

15

The speed and track dis-played on the PositionPage may fluctuate at

slow speeds (or wheny o u re standing stil l)because of position errorscaused by DOD-imposedSelective Availability.

REFERENCE

Position Page

The user selectable fields

on the Position Page giveyou a variety of informa-tion to choose from.


20/66

To reset timer, speed measurement, or odometer:

1. Highlight the user-selectable field, and pressE.Reset will appear as a selectable option (see left).

2. PressEto confirm orQto exit.

The trip odometer, trip timer, and average speedfields are linked. Resetting one of these options in auser-selectable field will automatically reset the corre-sponding data in the other. This ensures that informa-tion shown in these fields reflects your current trip.

Maximum Speed Field

To obtain the most accurate reading of average

speed, keep in mind that due to the sensitivity of theGPS 12s antenna, your maximum speed value mayinclude the effects of rapid movement, such as swingingyour arm while holding the unit.

To reset the maximum speed field:

1. Highlight the MXSPD field, and pressE.

2. PressEto confirm the RESET? prompt.

Altitude Field

When the GPS 12 is acquiring satellites or navigat-ing in the 2D mode, the last known altitude is used tocompute your position. You may also manually enteryour altitude for greater accuracy. In cases where theGPS 12 has 2D coverage, entering your approximatealtitude will enable the receiver to determine a moreaccurate position fix.

To enter an altitude:

1. Highlight the ALT field, and pressE.

2. Enter a value, and pressE.

Maximum Speed& Altitude

Fields

REFERENCE

16

Resetting the trip odome-ter will erase the previousmileage and set the

odometer to zero. Averagespeed, maximum speedand timer readouts willalso be reset to zero.

You may enter a known

altitude to assist the GPS12 in establishing a moreaccurate 2D position fix.


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Marking a Position

The GPS 12 allows you to mark and store up to500 positions as waypoints. A waypoint can be enteredby taking an instant electronic fix, by manually enter-ing coordinates (pg. 20), or by using the bearing and

distance to a known position (pg. 20).To mark your present position:

1. PressM. The mark position page will appear,showing the captured position and a default three-digit name.

2. To save a default name and symbol, pressEtoconfirm the SAVE? prompt.

Position Averaging Function

The GPS 12 positioning averaging function willhelp reduce the effects of selective availability uponposition error when marking a waypoint, providingmore accurate saved positions.

1. After you have pressed theM key, highlight theAVERAGE? field and pressE. The Figure ofMerit (+/-) field will display a value reflecting estimat-ed accuracy of the averaged position. Note: As theGPS 12 calculates the FOM, it will rapidly change ini-

tially then begin to stabilize over time.

2. The unit will continue averaging until you have high-lighted SAVE? and pressedE.

To enter a different waypoint name:

1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and pressE.2. Make the appropriate changes, and pressE.

3. Highlight SAVE?, and pressE.

Note: To enter a different waypoint symbol or com-ment, see pg. 21.

To add this waypoint to a route:

1. Highlight the Add to route number field, and pressE.

2. Enter a route number, pressEto confirm theroute number, andE again to save the waypoint.The waypoint will be added to the end of the selectedrouteafter any other waypoints already in the route.

17

After initiating the posi-tion averaging function, aFigure of Merit (+/-) value

will be displayed, and theSAVE? field will auto-matically be highlighted.

REFERENCE

PositionAveraging

The GPS 12 will save new

waypoints with a defaultthree-digit name. To addthe waypoint to a route,enter the desired ro u t enumber, highlight SAVE?and press ENTER.


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Waypoint Pages

The GPS 12 has three waypoint pages that let youquickly manage up to 500 waypoints. These pagesnearest waypoints, waypoint list, and waypoint defini-tioncan be accessed through the Main Menu Page.

To select a waypoint page:

1. Access the Main Menu, and highlight a waypoint pageoption: Waypoint, Waypoint List or Nearest Wpts.

2. PressE.

Nearest Waypoints Page

The nearest waypoints page shows the nine nearestwaypoints that are within 100 miles of your presentposition, with the bearing and distance noted for eachwaypoint. This page will also let you retrieve a waypointdefinition page or GOTO a selected waypoint right fromthe list.

To review the waypoint definition page of a select-ed waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint.

2. PressE.To return to the nearest waypoint page:

1. Highlight DONE?.

2. PressE.

To go to a highlighted list waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint, and pressG.

2. PressE.Waypoint List Page

The waypoint list page provides a complete list of allwaypoints currently stored in the GPS 12 and theirrespective waypoint symbols. The total number ofempty and used waypoint locations in memory is alsoindicated. From the waypoint list page, you can retrievea waypoint definition page, delete all user-defined way-

points, delete waypoints by symbol, or review and per-form a GOTO to a selected waypoint.

To delete all user-defined waypoints:

1. Highlight DELETE WPTS? and pressE.

2. Highlight DELETE ALL and pressE.

3. Highlight the YES prompt and pressE.

NearestWaypoints &

Waypoint List

REFERENCE

18

To select a waypoint sub-menu, highlight thedesired option and press

ENTER.

Nearest Waypoints

PageThe compass heading(BRG) and distance(DST) to the nine nearestwaypoints are updatedcontinuously.


23/66

Waypoint List Page (continued)

To delete waypoints by symbol:

1. Follow step one from the previous page, under deleteall user-defined waypoints.

2. Select DELETE BY SYMBOL and pressE.3. Select the symbol corresponding to the waypoints

you wish to delete. PressE.

4. PressEto confirm the DONE prompt, highlightthe YES? prompt, and pressE.

Note: This feature is handy for deleting temporarywaypoints created by the TracBack function.

Proximity WaypointsThe GPS 12s proximity waypoint function warns

you when you are getting too close to hazardous way-points. This function allows you to create up to nineproximity waypoints and designate an alarm circle foreach waypoint. If you enter this circle, a warning mes-sage will alert you.

To enter a proximity waypoint from the MainMain Menu Page:

1. Highlight PROXIMITY WPTS and pressE.

2. Using the arrow keys, highlight the first empty way-point field and pressE.

3. Use theU orD key to scroll through storedwaypoints until the desired waypoint appears.

4. PressE. The distance (DST) field will be auto-matically highlighted. PressE and use the arrowkeys to enter the desired distance to be prompted

5.Press theE key to confirm the entry.

To review or remove a proximity waypoint:

1. UseU andDto select a proximity waypoint andpressE.

2. Highlight REVIEW? or REMOVE? and pressE.

If REVIEW? is chosen, the waypoint page willappear, and you may make any changes to the selectedwaypoint. If REMOVE? is chosen, the proximity way-point will be removed from the list. PressQ or

P to return to the Main Menu Page.

19

Deleting waypoints bysymbol enables you todelete a specific group of

waypoints without losingall other waypoints.

REFERENCE

Waypoint List &

Proximity

Waypoints

Quickly edit or delete

p roximity waypoints byhighlighting the waypointname and pre s s i n gENTER.


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Waypoint Definition Page

The waypoint definition page lets you create new way-points manually or review and edit an existing waypoints

coordinates, symbols, and comments. It is also used todelete an individual waypoint from memory (see pg. 22). Tocreate a new waypoint manually, youll need to know itsposition coordinates or its approximate distance and bearingfrom an existing waypoint.

To create a waypoint by entering coordinates:

1. After highlighting NEW? on the waypoint definitionpage and pressingE, all fields will be blank.

Highlight the name field and pressE.2. Enter a waypoint name using the center rocker pad and

pressE. (For data entry instructions see pg. 5).

3. To change the square default waypoint symbol, highlightthe symbol to the right of the waypoint name and press

E.

4. Choose a symbol, and pressE. Next highlightDONE? , and press

E.

5. Highlight the position field and pressE. Now enterthe position using the arrow keys and pressEwhendone. NOTE: When you are done with the top line ofcoordinates, pressRto get to the bottom line.

6. Highlight DONE? and pressE.

Reference Waypoints

To create a new waypoint manually without knowing itsposition coordinates, youll need to enter its bearing and dis-tance from an existing waypoint or your present position.

To create a new waypoint by referencing a stored waypoint:

1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight NEW?, andpressE.

2. Enter a waypoint name, and pressE.

Waypoint

Definition &Reference

Waypoints

REFERENCE

20

The GPS 12s advancedwaypoint planning fea-tures allow you to createnew waypoints and prac-

tice navigation withoutever setting foot outside.

If you create a new way-point by entering coordi-nates from a map, youmay want to re-mark thewaypoints exact positiononce you get there.

To re-define an existingwaypoints position coor-dinates from the waypointdefinition page, simplyhighlight the DST fieldand press ENTER. Use theLEFT arrow key to set thedistance to 0.00, and pressENTER to confirm.

The old coordinates will bereplaced by the coord i-nates of your present posi-t i o n (you must have avalid 2D or 3D positionfix and the reference way-point name field must beblank).

Waypoint

Name

Reference

Waypoint(leave blank forpresent position)

Distance from

Reference

Waypoint

PositionCoordinates

Bearing from

Reference

Waypoint Function Prompts

Waypoint Comment


25/66

Reference Waypoints (cont.)

3. Highlight the REF field, and pressE.

4. Enter a reference waypoint name (or leave the fieldblank to use your present position), and pressE.

5. Repeat the preceding two steps to enter the bearing(BRG field) and distance (DST field) of your new way-point from the reference waypoint.

6. PressEto confirm the DONE? prompt.

Waypoint Symbols

The GPS 12 allows you to select one of 16 symbols foreach waypoint for easy recognition on the map display.

From the symbol page, you may also select how the way-point appears on the map.

To select a waypoint symbol:

1. Highlight the symbol field on the waypoint definitionpage, and pressE.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the desired symbol, andpressE.

3. The cursor will move to the display field, where you canselect which waypoint information is displayed on themap.

4. PressE, and select one of the following displayoptions: NAME WITH SYMBOL, SYMBOL ONLY, orCOMMENT WITH SYMBOL.

5. PressEto confirm your selection, andE againto confirm the DONE? prompt.

Waypoint Comments

Each waypoint stored in the GPS 12 has a user-defin-able 16-character comment field. The default comment isthe UTC (or Greenwich Mean Time) date and time of thewaypoints creation.

To change or add a comment:

1. Highlight the comment field.2. PressE.

Note: You can clear the comment field by press-ing the left side of the rocker keypad.

3. Enter the desired comment, using the arrow keys.

4. PressE.21

Waypoint symbols enableyou to instantly identify awaypoint when it appears

on the map page.

REFERENCE

WaypointSymbols &

Comments

The waypoint comment

field will automaticallyassign the date and time ofcreation to the waypointcomment field. You mayenter a 16-character usercomment at any time.


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Renaming and Deleting Waypoints

The rename and delete function fields are locatedalong the bottom left side of the waypoint definitionpage.

To rename a stored waypoint:

1. Highlight RENAME?, and pressE.

2. Enter the new waypoint name, and pressE.

3. PressEto confirm the Yes? prompt.

To delete a stored waypoint:

1. Highlight DELETE?, and pressE.

2. Highlight the Yes? prompt, and pressE.

Scanning Waypoints

As you manually enter a waypoints name, the GPS12s waypoint scanning feature will automatically dis-play the first numerical or alphabetical match of thecharacter you have entered to that point. This helpseliminate the need to always enter a waypoints com-

plete name.To scan waypoints from a waypoint field:

1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and pressE.

2. Press the left side of the keypad to clear the namefield.

3. Scroll through the waypoints.

Note: The GPS 12s waypoint scanning feature willoffer the first waypoint that matches the character orcharacters you have entered up to that point. If youhave more than one waypoint that begins with the sameletter or number, move to the next character position asneeded.

4. When you find the desired waypoint, pressE.

Rename, Delete& Scan

Waypoints

REFERENCE

22

You may wish to quicklysave waypoints by press-ing MARK and then

ENTER, thus assigning adefault name. You maythen rename the waypointat a later date. Any way-point may be renamed atany time.

Scanning waypoints fromthe waypoint definitionpage gives you instantaccess to a specific way-points information.


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Selecting a GOTO Destination

The GPS 12 provides four ways to navigate to adestination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack, and route naviga-tion. The most basic method of selecting a destinationis the GOTO function, which lets you choose any

stored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets adirect course from your present position.

To activate the GOTO function:

1. PressG.

2. Select the waypoint you want to navigate to, andpressE.

Once a GOTO waypoint has been activated, theCompass Page or Highway Page will provide steeringguidance to the destination until either the GOTO iscancelled or the unit has resumed navigating the activeroute (see pg 30).

To cancel an active GOTO:

1. Press theG key.

2. Highlight CANCELGOTO?, and pressE.

Man Overboard FunctionThe GPS 12s man overboard function (MOB) letsyou simultaneously mark and set a course to a positionfor quick response to passing positions.

To activate the MOB mode:

1. PressGtwice. The GOTO waypoint page willappear with MOB selected.

2 PressEto begin MOB navigation.

The GPS 12 will now guide you to the MOB way-point until the MOB GOTOis cancelled. If you want tosave the MOB waypoint, be sure to rename it because itwill be overwritten the next time a MOB is activated.

23

Select a destination way-point from the GOTOwaypoint list.

REFERENCE

GOTO & MOBFunctions

Once the MOB mode hasbeen activated, steering

guidance will be providedby the Compass orHighway Page. Activatinganother MOB will over-write the previous MOBwaypoint.


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TracBack Navigation

GARMINs patented TracBack feature allows you toquickly retrace your path using the track log automati-cally stored in the receiver. This feature eliminates theneed to mark waypoints along the way and manually

create and activate a route back to where you beganyour trip. Three track recording options are available:Offno plot will be recorded.Filla track log will be recorded until track mem-ory is full.Wrapa track log will be continuously recorded,wrapping through the available memory (replacingthe oldest data with new data).

To select a track log option:1. Highlight OPT field on the map page and pressE.

2. Highlight TRACK SETUP and pressE.

3. Highlight the RECORD field, pressE, select anoption, and pressE.

Once a TracBack route is activated, it will lead youback to the oldest track log point stored in memory, so

its usually a good idea to clear the existing track log atthe start of each trip.

To clear the track log and define a starting pointfor a TracBack route:

1. From the Map Page, pressE, highlight the TRACKSETUP option, and pressE.

2. Highlight CLEARLOG?, pressE, highlight Yes?,and pressE.

To activate a TracBack route:

1. PressG, highlight TRACBACK?, and pressE.

Once the TracBack function has been activated, theGPS 12 will take the track log currently stored in mem-ory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to 30temporary waypoints will be created to mark the mostsignificant features of the track log in order to duplicateyour exact path as closely as possible. These points will

be indicated by T### (e.g., T001) on the waypointlist, and by a T symbol on the Map Page.

The active route page will appear, showing a routefrom your present position to the oldest track log pointin memory. Steering guidance to each waypoint will beprovided back to the starting point of your track log. Note:You may delete a TracBack waypoint from a route, butonly if the route is not active.

TracBack

REFERENCE

24

WARNING:

Setting the track recordingto OFFwill also disablethe TracBack function.

Highlight TRACBACK?

and press ENTER to beginTracBack navigation. Amessage box will appearwhile the GPS 12 ana-lyzes the data and createsthe TracBack route.


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Tips On the TracBack Feature

Always clear your track log at the exact point thatyou want to go back to (trail head, truck, etc.).

The RECORD option on the track log setup pagemust be set to WRAP or FILL.

There must be at least two track log points storedin memory to create a TracBack route.

If there is not enough available memory to addmore waypoints and create a TracBack route, youwill be alerted with a waypoint memory fullmessage, and the receiver will use any availablewaypoints to create a TracBack route with an

emphasis on the track log closest to the destina-tion (the oldest track log point in memory).

If the METHOD option on the track log setuppage is set to a time interval, the TracBack routemay not follow your exact path. (Keeping the cri-teria set to automatic will always provide themost detailed TracBack route.)

If the receiver is turned off or you lose satellite

coverage during your trip, the TracBack route willsimply draw a straight line between any pointwhere coverage was lost and where it resumed.

If the changes in direction and distance of yourtrack log are complex, 30 waypoints may not beenough to accurately mark your exact path. Thereceiver will then assign the 30 waypoints to themost significant points of your track, and simplify

segments with fewer changes in direction. To save a TracBack route, copy route 0 to an open

storage route before activating another TracBack.Activating another TracBack or storage route willoverwrite the existing TracBack route.

Whenever a TracBack route is activated, thereceiver will automatically erase any temporarywaypoints (T###) that are not contained in

routes 1-19. If there are temporary waypointsstored in routes 1-19, the receiver will create anynew temporary waypoints using the first three-digit number available. (You can also quicklydelete all temporary TracBack waypoints in mem-ory by using the DELETE BY SYMBOL methoddescribed on pg. 19.)

25

The TracBack feature willnavigate your track logback to the oldest point in

the receivers memory.

REFERENCE

TracBack

The track log will be

divided into segments witht e m p o ra ry waypoints tocreate a route back to thebeginning of the track log.


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Route Navigation

The last form of navigating to a destination with theGPS 12 is by creating a user-defined route. The routenavigation feature lets you plan and navigate a coursefrom one place to another using a set of pre-defined

waypoints. Routes are often used when its not practical,safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particu-lar destination (e.g., through a body of water or impass-able terrain).

Routes are broken down and navigated in smallersegments called legs. The waypoint you are going toin a leg is called the active to waypoint and the way-point immediately behind you is called the active fromwaypoint. The line between the active to and theactive from waypoint is called the active leg.

Whenever you activate a route with the GPS 12, it

will automatically select the route leg closest to yourposition as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint inthe route, the receiver will automatically sequence andselect the next waypoint as the active to waypoint.

Routes

REFERENCE

26

Waypoint 2(active to waypoint)

Waypoint 1(active from waypoint)

Active Leg


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Route Definition Page

The last form of navigating to a destination withthe GPS 12 is by creating a user-defined route. TheGPS 12 lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30waypoints each.

Routes can be copied, cleared, inverted, and acti-vated through the route definition page.

To select the route definition page:

1. Highlight ROUTES from the Main Menu Page, andpressE.

The route number field is displayed at the top ofthe page, with a 16-character user comment fielddirectly below. If no user comment is entered, the fielddisplays the first and last waypoint in the route.

To edit the route comment:

1. Highlight the comment field and pressE.2. Use the arrow keys to enter a new comment and press

E.

The waypoint list along the left side of the pageaccepts up to 30 waypoints for each route, with fieldsfor desired track and distance between legs. The totalroute distance is indicated below the waypoint list.

The bottom of the route definition page featuresseveral function fields which let you copy, clear, invert,or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used asstorage routes, with route 0 always serving as the activeroute you are navigating. If you want to save a routethats currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to anotheropen route, as it will be overwritten by the next routeactivation.

27

Routes enable you to storegroups of frequently usedwaypoints together and

use this information fornavigation guidance.

REFERENCE

Route DefinitionPage

Enter each waypoint inthe order you would like tonavigate them. If youenter a waypoint notstored in memory, youllneed to define the positionon the waypoint definitionpage.

Comment

Field

DesiredTrack of Leg

Total

Route

Distance

RouteNumber

Copy Field

Function Prompts

Leg Distance


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Creating and Navigating Routes

To create a route from the route definition page:

1. Highlight the route number field, and pressE.

2. Enter a route number, and pressE. (Select an

empty routewithout any waypoints listedwhencreating a new route.)

3. Enter the first waypoint of your route, and press

E. As you continue entering the rest of your way-points, the list will automatically scroll down.

4. To change the route comment (automatically assignedto the route based upon the starting and final destina-tion waypoints), highlight the route comment field and

pressE. Enter the new comment and pressE.Whenever you activate a route, it will automatically

select the route leg closest to your position as the activeleg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiverwill automatically sequence and select the next way-point as the active to waypoint.

Activating and Inverting Routes

After a route has been entered, it can be either acti-vated in sequence or inverted from the route definitionpage. The process of activating or inverting a storedroute takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies itinto the active route (route 0) for navigation. The stor-age route is no longer needed and will be retained in itsoriginal format under its existing route number.

This system allows you to have an active route that

you may edit during navigation and save as an entirelynew route from the original. You will have to copy theactive route to an unused storage route to save it, sincenew route or TracBack activation overwrites route 0.

To activate a route:

1. From the route definition page, highlight the routenumber field and pressE.

2. Enter the route number to be activated, and pressE.

3. Highlight ACT?, and pressE.

To activate a route in inverted order:

1. Follow the steps above, but select INV?, and press

E.

Using Routes

REFERENCE

28

You may use up to 16characters to customname a route. The default

name will be the first andlast waypoint in the route.

To activate a route, high-

light the ACT? promptand press ENTER.


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Active Route Page

Once a route has been activated, the active routepage will display the waypoint sequence of your routewith the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your presentspeed and the distance to each waypoint. As long as

you are navigating an active route, the active route pagewill become part of the main page sequence of the unit.The active route page will also allow you to change theETE field to display desired track (DTK) or estimatedtime of arrival (ETA) for each leg. You can also clear orinvert the active route.

To display DTK or ETA for each leg:

1. Highlight ETE, and pressE.

2. Select DTK or ETA, and pressE.The active route page also allows you to clear (stop

navigating) or invert the active route without using theroute definition page.

To invert a route from the active route page:

1. Highlight INV?, and pressE.

To stop route navigation:

2. Highlight CLR?, and pressE.To reactivate the route navigation:

3. Highlight ACT?, and pressE.

Copying and Clearing Routes

The route definition page is also used to copy aroute to another route number. This feature is usefulwhen you make changes to the active route (or create a

TracBack route) and want to save the route in its modi-fied form for future use.

To copy a route:


2. Select the route number to be copied, and pressE.

3. Highlight the COPY TO field, and pressE.

4. Scroll through the available routes and select a desti-

nation route number. (Only open routes will be avail-able.) PressEto copy the route.

To clear a route from memory:


2. Select the desired route number, and pressE.

3. Select CLR?, and pressE.

4. Highlight Yes?, and press

E. 29

Active Route Page

Whenever you have anactive route, the active

route page will appear inthe primary pagesequence after theCompass/Highway Page.

REFERENCE

Active Route,Copying, &

Clearing

To copy a route, select an

open storage route in theCopy To field and pressENTER. Only empty stor-age route numbers will beoffered in the Copy To

field.


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Editing Routes

A route can be edited any time after its creation.

To edit a route from the active route page orthe route definition page:

1. Select the waypoint you want to edit, and pressE.An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear,

with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting, orchanging the waypoint field highlighted. This field con-tains the following options:

Review? displays the waypoint definition pagefor the selected waypoint

Insert? adds a new waypoint directly in frontof the selected waypoint

Remove? deletes the selected waypoint fromthe route

Change? allows you to replace the selectedwaypoint with a new waypoint

Note: Editing the original storage route will notaffect route 0. If you want to save an edited version of

route 0, save it to an open storage route.On-Route GOTOs

At the beginning of this section, we mentioned thatthe GPS 12 will automatically select the route leg closestto your position as the active leg. This will give yousteering guidance to the desired track (desired course) ofthe active leg. Note that the first waypoint selected as thedestination waypoint will be along the route leg closest

to your present position. This may mean youre not navi-gating to the first waypoint in the active routeyou mayeven be navigating to the last. You can manually navigatea route out of sequence at any time (bypassing one ormore interim waypoints) by perform an on-routeGOTO from the active route page.

To perform an on-route GOTO from the activeroute page:

1. Highlight the desired route waypoint, and pressG.

2. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears with the way-point highlighted, pressE.

Note that after you reach the on-route GOTO way-point, the GPS 12 will automatically resume navigatingthe rest of the route in sequence.

Editing Routes& On-Route

GOTOs

REFERENCE

30

Use the on-screen menu toselect the desired editingfunction. The on-scre e n

menu is displayed byhighlighting a routewaypoint and pre s s i n gENTER..

You can skip ahead and

bypass one or more legs ofthe route by highlighting awaypoint further alongthe route, pressing GOTOand ENTER.


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Selecting a Navigation Page

Once youve selected a GOTO destination or acti-vated a TracBack, MOB, or route; the GPS 12 will pro-vide graphic steering guidance to the destination withone of two navigation pages:

TheCompass Page (default) provides a direc-

tional pointer indicating the bearing to your desti-nation and a rotating compass ring which showsyour direction of travel (track) at the top of thering. The Compass Page provides better guidancefor car travel, hiking, or biking; where straight-line navigation is often not possible.

TheHighway Page provides a graphic highwaydisplay that shows your movement relative to the

desired course, with an emphasis on your crosstrack error ( the distance and direction you are offcourse). The cross track error (XTK) is depictedon a course deviation indicator (CDI) (see pg. 34).The Highway Page is well-suited for boating orsome types of off-road recreation where straightline navigation is typically possible and maintain-ing a specified course is desirable.

Both pages provide a digital display of the bearingand distance to the destination, and your current speedand track over the ground. You can switch to eitherNavigation Page at any time.

To select either Navigation Page:

1. PressE from the existing Navigation Page, andE again to change the page.

31

To switch the navigationpage to the CompassPage, press ENTER twice.

REFERENCE

NavigationPages

To switch the navigation

page to the Highway Page,press ENTER twice.

Compass Page Highway Page


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Selecting a Navigation Page (cont.)

The ETE field, located at bottom center on bothpages, is a user-selectable field that allows you to dis-play a variety of navigation values for your trip.

To access the user-selectable field:

1. Highlight ETE, and pressE.

2. Use the keypad to scroll through the possible options.

The following data options are available for the

Navigation Pages:Estimated Time Enroute (ETE) the estimatedtime remaining to reach your destination based onyour present speed and track.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) the estimat-ed time of day at which you will arrive at your desti-nation based on current ground speed and track.

Course to Steer (CTS) the recommended

course to follow in order to reduce cross track errorand stay on course. Provides the most efficientheading to get back on course and proceed alongyour route or GOTO.

Crosstrack Error (XTK) the distance you areoff the desired course in either direction, left orright. This field will give you a digital readout of thedata depicted by the CDI.

Velocity Made Good (VMG) the speed youare closing in on a destination along the desiredcourse. Also referred to as the vector velocity toyour destination.

Turn (TRN) the angle difference between thebearing to your destination and your current track.L indicates you should turn left, R indicates youshould turn right.

NavigationPages

REFERENCE

32

The user selectable fieldallows you to customizethe navigation pages,

selecting the desired datareadout.

The turn option shows the

number of degrees youneed to turn (left or right)to head directly to yourdestination.

Track OverGround

User-Selectable

Field

Distance toWaypointGraphic

CompassRing


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Using the Compass Page

The Compass Page provides better steering guid-ance than the Highway Page for travel at slower speeds(e.g., walking), travel with many directional changesand when its not necessary to follow an exact course.

The bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the way-point are displayed at the top of the page, below thedestination waypoint name. The distance displayed is

the straight-line distance from your present position tothe destination waypoint. The bearing indicates theexact compass heading from you to the destination.

The middle of the page features a rotating compassring that shows your course over ground while youare moving (track indicated at the top of the ring), witha pointer arrow to the destination displayed in the cen-ter. The arrow shows the direction of your destination

from the direction you are moving. For instance, if thearrow points up, you are going directly to the way-point. If the arrow points any direction (left, right,down, etc.), turn toward the arrow until it points up.Then continue in that direction.

The bottom of the page shows your track (TRK),speed (SPD), and a user-selectable field for ETE, ETA,CTS, XTK, VMG, or TRN.

When you are one minute away from your destina-tion (based on your current speed and track overground), the GPS 12 will alert you with a flashing on-screen message box.

33

In this example, theCompass Page indicatesthat you are travelingwest (261 degrees) and

the destination waypointis to the northwest (291d e g rees). Tu rn right 30degrees and continue on.

REFERENCE

Compass Page

In this example, theCompass Page indicates

that you are travelingnorth (350 degrees) andthe destination waypointis to the northwest (291degrees). Turn left 59degrees and continue onto reach your destination.

Pointer toWaypoint

Speed OverGround

DestinationWaypoint

Bearing toWaypoint


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Using the Highway Page

The GPS 12s Highway Page provides graphic steer-ing guidance to a destination waypoint, with a greateremphasis on the straight-line desired course and thedistance and direction you are off course. The bearingand distance to a waypointalong with your currenttrack and speedare displayed at the top of the screen.

As you head toward your destination, the middle ofthe screen provides visual guidance to your waypoint

on a moving graphic highway. Your present position isrepresented by the diamond in the center of a coursedeviation indicator (CDI) scale. The line down the mid-dle of the highway represents your desired track. As younavigate toward a waypoint, the highway will actuallymoveindicating the direction youre off courserela-tive to the position diamond on the CDI scale. Whenthe highway is pointing straight up the screen, the way-point is directly ahead. If the destination waypoint is tothe left, the top of the highway will lead to the left, andvice versa. To stay on course, simply steer in the direc-tion the highway leads (left or right) until the highwayleads straight up the page.

If you do get off the desired course by more than1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact distance youare off course will be displayed where the CDI scale set-ting normally appears. If you get too far off course (the

highway has disappeared off either side of the highwaydisplay), a message box will appear to indicate whatcourse to steer to get back on course. (For informationon how to set this scale, see pg. 45.) As you approach awaypoint, a horizontal finish line will move towardthe bottom of the highway. When the finish line reachesthe CDI scale, youve arrived at your destination.

Highway Page

REFERENCE

34

In this example, theHighway Page indicatesthat you are off course tothe left. Steer right to get

back on course. Notice thehighway always shows thedirection to turn. If thehighway leads straight upthe page, you should con-tinue in your curre n tdirection.

If you get too far offcourse, a message box willappear to indicate themost efficient heading toget you back on course.

Bearing toWaypoint

GraphicHighwayDisplay

CDI Scale

Distance toWaypoint

User Selectable

Field

Speed OverGround

Track

DestinationWaypoint


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Map Page

The Map Page shows your position and surround-ings, and provides you with a target cursor that letsyou pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the dis-tance and bearing to a map position, and mark newwaypoints while you navigate. The Map Page is brokendown into two sections: control fields and map section.

The zoom function, panning control, and configu-

ration fields are located at the top of the screen. Thezoom function uses 18 selectable zoom ranges from 0.2to 500 miles, or 0.3 to 800 km. (Using the zoom, pan-ning, and configure fields will be addressed in the nextsection.)

The map portion of the page displays your presentposition as a diamond icon, with your track and/orroute displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are

represented using symbols, with the waypoint namealso listed. You may select which of these features areshown through the map options pages (see pgs. 37-39for more information).

The four corners of the Map Page are used to dis-play various navigation data: the bearing and distanceto a destination waypoint and your current track andspeed over the ground. The two fields at the top cor-

ners of the map show your bearing and distance to oneof three selectable destinations: an active destinationwaypoint, a highlighted on-screen waypoint, or thepanning target crosshair. If you are not navigating to awaypoint or using the panning function, the top datafields will not be displayed. Your current track andspeed are shown at the bottom corners of the display.

35

Note: The map scale rep-resents the distance fromthe top to the bottom of

the Map Page. For exam-ple, when viewing the 20mile scale, the distancerepresented between thetop of the screen and bot-tom is 20 miles.

REFERENCE

Map Page

The four corners of theMap Page are used toshow your track andspeed, along with distanceand bearing to either acursor or to a destinationwaypoint.

Bearing toWaypoint

Pan & OptionFields

Track Speed

Distance to

Waypoint

Zoom Scale

PresentPosition


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Zooming, Panning, and Map Options

There are three main functions you can performfrom the Map Page zooming, pointing & panning,and options (changing the map/track setup and findingcities). Each of these functions has its own field,

which may be selected and activated for use. Wheneverthe Map Page first appears, the zoom field (at the topleft) is always highlighted. The map has 18 map scaleswhich are selected through the zoom function field.

To select a zoom scale:

1. Highlight the zoom field, if not already highlighted.

2. Press theE key to begin map scale selection.

3. Select a map scale and pressE.

The second function field on the Map Page is thepan field, located at the top middle of the screen. Thepan function allows you to move the map with the fourarrow keys to view areas outside the current map area.

To activate the pan function:

1. Highlight the pan field.

2. Press theE key to activate the pan function.

3. Use the arrow keys to move the map in any direction.

4. To cancel the pan function, pressQ.

As you begin to move the map, a crosshair (plussign) will appear. This crosshair will now serve as a tar-get marker for the moving map. The distance and bear-ing to your destination will now be replaced by the dis-tance and bearing from your present position to the tar-get crosshair.

When you pan around the map, youll notice thetarget crosshair will snap to on-screen waypoints andhighlight the waypoint name. Once a waypoint name ishighlighted, you can either review its waypoint defini-

tion page and waypoint display options, or execute aGOTO function and navigate directly to the waypoint.

To review the waypoint definition page for a high-lighted waypoint:

1. PressE while the waypoint is highlighted by thecrosshair.

Zooming,Panning, &

Map Options

REFERENCE

36

A crosshair will appearwhen you activate the panfunction. The distance anddirection of the crosshair

from your current positionis shown in the upper cor-ners of the Map Page.

On-Screen Pointing

The crosshair will snapto displayed waypoints,which allows you to quick-ly review or go to theselected waypoint right

from the Map Page.


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Zooming, Panning, and Map Options (cont.)

From the waypoint definition page, you can alsodefine how each individual waypoint is displayed onthe map. The GPS 12 displays waypoints as a namewith a corresponding symbol (e.g., fuel and a gas

pump symbol), a symbol only (e.g., a fish symbol), or a16-character comment and corresponding symbol (e.g.,great view and the camp site symbol). The waypointname has a six character limit while the commentfield has a 16-character limit, and there are 16 differentwaypoint symbols available.

To select a waypoint display option:

1. Display the waypoint definition page for the desired

waypoint (by selecting a waypoint from the Map Pageor from a waypoint list).

2. Highlight the symbol field (to the right of the namefield), and pressE display the Symbol Options.

3. Move the cursor to the DISPLAY field, and press

E.

4. Select a display option, and pressEto select oneof the following display options: NAME WITH SYM-

BOL, SYMBOL ONLY, or COMMENT WITH SYMBOL.

5. PressEto confirm the DONE? prompt.

6. PressE again (on the waypoint definition page)to return to the Map Page.

The last function you can perform with a waypointhighlighted on the Map Page is a GOTO directly to thewaypoint.

To go to a waypoint highlighted on the Map Page:

1. PressG while the waypoint is highlight by thecrosshair.

2. PressEto confirm the GOTOwaypoint page.

Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to Waypoints

During panning, the crosshair represents a targetposition right on the Map Page, with the range and

bearing to the target displayed at the top corners of thescreen. You can also use the target crosshair to mark anew waypoint position or as a GOTO destination rightfrom the map field.

To mark the target crosshair as a new waypoint:

1. Pan to the desired position on the map and pressM.

2. Enter a name and/or route number, and pressE.37

You can custom tailor theMap Page to display way-points by any of thre e

options: Symbol Only,Name With Symbol orComment With Symbol.

REFERENCE

WaypointDisplay &

Marking Cursor

Marking a Cursor

PositionTo mark a new waypointwith the crosshair, simplypan to the desired positionand press the MARK key.


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Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to (cont.)

You can also use the target crosshair as an instantGOTO destination. This feature is similar to the MOBmode, and will allow you to mark and instantly set acourse for a new waypoint called MAP.

To go to the target crosshair:

1. Place the target crosshair on the desired location.

2. PressG, and pressE.

Note: To save the MAP waypoint, be sure to renameit because it will be overwritten the next time a GOTOis performed using the target crosshair.

Accessing Map Option Windows

You can access two additional pagesmap setupand track setupby highlighting the OPT field at thetop right of the Map Page, and pressingE. The mapoptions window will appear, ready for you to select one.

To select a map option:

1. Highlight the OPT field and pressE.

2. Select the desired option and pressE.

Map Setup Page and Orientation

The map setup page lets you select the Map Pageand satellite sky view (see pg. 12) orientation, as well asspecify what items are displayed. The Map and SatellitePages may be oriented to NORTH UP, TRACK UP (thedirection of current travel), or DTK UP (desired trackup, or the direction of the desired course). The defaultsetting is TRACKUP.

To change the map orientation:

1. Highlight the map field and pressE.

2. Select the desired orientation and pressE.

Note: Selecting the DTK UP option will set thesatellite sky view to track up orientation.

The rest of the map setup page lets you specify whatitems are displayed or plotted on the Map Page byselecting YES or NO in the appropriate field.

Rings displays three range rings on the map atincrements of 1/5th the selected map scale.

Route plots the straight-leg lines between way-points of an active route and displays allroute waypoint names.

Using theCursor & Map

Options

REFERENCE

38

The OPT field givesaccess to the map setup,and track setup pages,

right from the Map Page.

The Map Pages defaultscreen orientation is trackup. Track Up means thatthe top of the map display

corresponds to your cur-rent direction of travel.With this setting, the maprotates as your trackchanges. It can also be setfor north up or desiredtrack (dtk) up orientation.


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Map Setup Page and Orientation (cont.)

Nearest shows up to nine nearest waypoints (fromyour present position) on the map.

Names displays the waypoint name for up to ninenearest waypoints.

Track Log displays and plots track log points on themap.

To turn a map item on or off:

1. Highlight the data field next to the desired option andpressE.

2. Select YES or NO and pressE.

Track Setup Page

The track setup page lets you manage the GPS 12strack log data (see pg 24). You can also select whether torecord a track log and define how it is recorded.

To turn the track log on or off:

1. Highlight the RECORD field, and pressE.

2. Select OFF, FILL, or WRAP, and pressE.(Note: Turning the track recording off will prevent youfrom using TracBack).

Track Method

The track method option determines how oftenpositions are stored in the track log. The default settingis auto, which records track points based upon a setvariance from your projected course over ground.. This

setting gives the most efficient use of track memoryand provides the best TracBack performance.

To change the method to record points based ona specific time interval:

1. Highlight the METHOD field, and pressE.

2. Select TIME INTERVAL, and pressEtwice.

3. Enter hours, minutes, and seconds, and pressE.39

Use the track setup pageto control the way the GPS12 manages track log

data.

REFERENCE

Map & TrackSetup

Entering a large time

i n t e rval into the track

re c o rding criteria may

plot your position points

f u rther apart than they

would be in the AUTOsetting. This will increase

the distance you can trav-

el without using up your

track log, but will greatly

reduce the effectiveness of

TracBack.

Option FieldSelected

Track SetupPage

Clear Log Option

MethodField

RecordField


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Track Log Display

The track log option sets the number of points theunit will attempt to display on the Map Page. Thedefault setting of 250 points provides good resolutionwith minimal screen clutter. The maximum setting is

1024 points. Once youve reached the maximum num-ber of track points, the older points will be lost as newpoints are added. Note that adjusting the track pointsdisplayed will not affect how the receiver records tracklog data or the ability to create a TracBack route.

Managing and Clearing the Track Log

The rest of the track setup window displays the per-centage of available memory currently used to store

track log data, as well as a function field to clear thetrack log memory.

To clear the track log:

1. Highlight CLEAR LOG?, and pressE.

2. Highlight Yes?, and pressE.

Note: Its a good idea to clear the track log at thebeginning of the trail, etc., in order to make the best use

of the TracBack feature (see pg. 24).Main Menu Page

The GPS 12s Main Menu Page (shown

gps12 owners manual

Documents