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GR 101
DESIGN &
INSTALLATION
OF GREEN
ROOFS
Perth September 2011
SIDONIE CARPENTER - PRESIDENT
welcome
INTRODUCTION
This course will:
Identify the different types of green roofs
Identify the benefits of green roofs
Identify the factors that influence the cost of green roofs
Design opportunities and best practice
Overview of the many different professionals required for green roof
success.
Currently the tangible pubic and private benefits of green roofs are under
valued.
Green Roofs Australasia Inc.
Founded 2007, National Organisation, Not for Profit, Membership Based, State Based Executive.
GRA MISSON STATEMENT
“ is to increase the awareness of the economic, social and environmental benefits of green roofs wall and other forms of living architecture through education, advocacy, professional development and celebrations of excellence”.
About this Course
This course will:
Identify the different types of green roofs
Identify the benefits of green roofs
Identify the factors that influence the cost of green roofs
Design opportunities and best practice
Overview of the many different professionals required for green roof success.
Currently the tangible pubic and private benefits of green roofs are under valued.
Skill Gaps
Understanding what a green roof is and their benefits
Different green roof systems
Modular & Loose laid
Budget development and cost estimation
Green roof standards
Specifications
Basic design parameters
Access/Structural load bearing/Sloped roofs
Installation
Waterproofing/Drainage systems/Irrigation/Growing media/Vegetation/Maintenance
Design and installation team selection
Education and training
Case studies
History of Green Roofs
Hanging Gardens of Babylon in 6th Century BC
Traditional Sod Roofs
Pre 1960s , vernacular building practice
Le Corbusier
Frank Lloyd Wright
1960s, green roofs as a ‘green solution’ Nth Europe
Germany 10 – 15% roof are greened
Traditional sod roof
Research & Policy
The growth of the industry
Government Policy
Mandate
Local research data
Visual examples
Pilot Programs/Mandate
Toronto, Chicago, Portland, Germany, Tokyo
Apple store – Chicago
Green Roof Categories
Extensive
Shallow < 300mm
Light
Low maintenance
< species diversity
Retrofit opportunity
< cost installation & maintenance
Intensive
Deep > 300mm
Heavy
High maintenance
> species diversity
> benefits /marketing
> cost installation & maintenance.
Green Roof Systems
Modular
Light weight
Pre planted
Cost effective, drainage cell included
Loose Laid
Flexible
Visually aesthetic
Design opportunity
Emory Knoll Farm - Baltimore
What type of Green Roof?
Every Green Roof is Site Specific
The type of green roof will depend on:
Structural load bearing
Budget
Client
Access
Design intent
Benefits of Green Roofs
Public
Storm water
Energy
Urban Heat Island
CO2
Air Quality
Private
Membrane /Roof
protection
Noise reduction
Fire resistance
Food production
Marketing/sales
Green Roofs generate a wide range of social,
economic and environmental benefits, both public
and private. The key to success is finding the right
mix of benefits for a client and their project
Sustainability
Sustainability is a term that is used freely, almost to the point of becoming meaningless. The concept was introduced to combine the concern and well being of the planet with continued growth and human development.
‘Meeting the needs of the present while not compromising the ability of the future to meet its own needs.’
Brundtland Commission
Intelligent Design
Ecologically intelligent design must be integrated, mimicking nature to harvest energy from the sun, produce oxygen, sequester carbon, manage water and provide habitat. To achieve this through design, there needs to be an understanding of the unique local climate and how to preserve, support and enhance the sense of place.
Academy of Science
San Francisco
Common Benefits -
Storm Water Management & Urban Heat Island
Storm water Runoff
Urban Heat Island
Many of these benefits are still to be qualified
for the Australian climate. There are a number of
Nth American reports available.
Energy
Carbon Dioxide
Reducing energy consumption by increasing thermal
mass and reducing need for heating & cooling.
Evapo transpiration
Plant sequestration
Soil sequestration
Photo Voltaic cells
Dropping ambient air temperatures increasing
efficiency
Sound Insulation & Air Quality
Academy of Science – San Francisco
Sustainable design , bio diversity
Schipol Airport
Sound Insulation & Pollution
The type of benefit is largely a function of budget, design, structure and site conditions.
Some benefits are a function of ALL green roofs so considered to be a common benefit others
Are a direct response to the design and are specific benefits
Additional
Amenity Space
Sales & marketing
Education & Health
Barriers
Cost
Fear
Failure
Maintenance
Governments
Education
Skill
Millennium park - Chicago
Cost
Always the first question and biggest hurdle
‘How long is a piece of string’
Like all projects, green roofs are site specific and a number of variable will
affect the cost, these can often be weigh up against the benefits depending
on the client.
Structural load bearing
Access
Design brief and intent
New build or Retrofit
Professionals required
Plant selection & availability
Maintenance
Maintenance
One of the most important components of Green Roof
Design & vital for the long term success.
North America is promoting the inclusion of a 5 year
maintenance contract with all Green Roof installations.
There are only 2 things that can fail -
Waterproofing
Plants
Both of these are dependent on a maintenance regime and
contract including a level of green roof knowledge.
Palais Omni Sports
Maintenance??
Standards & Local Research
One of the biggest barriers at this stage.
There are numerous reports/research and data available that can be useful but always remember our climate and building code.
FLL (German guidelines) these are interesting and useful to a certain extent but its very important to be aware of the difference in our climates, use these as a guide only.
Green Roofs Australasia will begin to develop a set of Australian standards and guidelines.
Chicago Center for Green Technology
Green Roof Research Plots
Local Research Sites
Policy
As we see the trend and interest in sustainable
buildings increase, green roofs & walls will follow
and become a very important component of this
vocabulary.
Policy and legislation will support and promote
industry growth, research and development.
International Examples
Minnesota Green Roofs Council
RoofBloom.org
Chicago
Toronto
Making Green Roofs Happen
Portland, Oregon
London & Sheffield UK
GRO Code
CABE – grey to green
Dept. Ag – test green roof
Washington DC
Systems & Processes
Successful Green Roofs o Communication
o Collaboration
o Successful team
o Client involvement
o Project Management
Activities and Systems
will differ depending on:
o Budget
o Size of the project
o Time
o Integrated design with the building
o System type
o Green Roof Type – extensive or intensive
o Project type – retrofit or new
Pre Consider
Planning and Political •Building codes
Access provisions –
disabled
Balustrade heights
Emergency exists
Lighting and safety
Waterproofing
•Public liability
•Insurance
•Security & access
•Water availability & storage
Best practice for construction & admin
• Contractors to be trained in green
roof installation and have an
understanding of the entire system
• Communication channels
• All contractors to see and
understand the projects critical path
• Clear systems should be established
and follow a schedule
• Safety program for installation and
maintenance.
Design & Installation
Pre Design
What is the purpose of the green roof?
Design objectives
• Will it be accessible
• Reduce heating and cooling loads
• Storm water management
• Bio diversity
• Noise reduction
• Amenity
• Aesthetics
• Structural load bearing
• Site analysis
• Budget
• Maintenance
Green Roof – Design & Installation
Site Analysis
Site Analysis
Climate
Building
Surrounding Environment
Climate
Seasonal constraints
Wind
Humidity
Rainfall
Plant hardiness zone
Building
Structural load bearing
Access and safety
Roof slope
Integration with other systems
Size
Building type – residential/commercial
Exposure to elements
Existing waterproofing
Fire
Water, access/storage
Waterproofing
Must be compatible with plants and vegetating
Resist contamination from fertilisers and other chemicals used in conjunction with vegetation
Must be protected from tools during maintenance
Is more susceptible to mechanical damage during the installation of other components
Is not readily accessible for repairs
Maintenance workers should be made aware of the underlying system and potential damage that may
result form their work practices
Is protected from UV exposure
Leak Detection
Most leaks occur during construction
•Test membrane before further installation takes place
The chance of a membrane failure can be reduced by:
•Proper construction management
•On site inspection
•Material testing
•Communication between trades
•Specifying proven product
•Design – minimise penetrations & roof ponding
Roof penetrations and design
Elements penetrating the roof: the amount of connections on the
surface should be considerably low, the elements penetrating the
roof should be assembled in one place. Vegetation free zones for
easy access and maintenance.
Drainage
Drainage is vital for
•aeration of growing medium and
plant health
•waterproofing systems and
longevity of roof
•management of storm water
Drainage design relies on the hard
infrastructure, engineered growing
medium and plant selection
•Roof Slope
•Distance to drain
•Size of drain
•Average rainfall
•Type of greenroof
•Growing medium
Irrigation
A number of green roofs in temperate climates are designed without irrigation. For this to be successful in most of Australia's climatic zones one would need to carefully consider the growing medium and plant selection.
Green Roof success depends on the long term success of the plant material, this relies on 2 components.
growing medium
water availability
Irrigation & Water Management
temperate & tropical climates
Peggy Notebaert Chicago Singapore Botanic Gardens
Growing Medium
Critical to the long term success of a green roof
Usually light weight engineered soil substrate.
Properties
Good drainage
Aeration
Water holding capacity
Nutrient capacity
Weight and Compaction considerations
Elements to consider when specifying growing medium:
Structural loading capacity
Slope
Climate
Drainage requirement
Plant requirements
Vegetation
The most vital and important part of a green roof
The vegetation layer provides many environmental and aesthetic benefits
• Bio diversity of both flora and fauna
• Thermal insulation
• Water management
• Colour
• Design opportunities
Fire Resistance
During Construction
Post Construction
Design Considerations
Firebreaks
Plant selection
Growing medium
Maintenance
Location of vents and ducts
Green Roofs is Germany hold a better fire rating than than conventional roofs.
Maintenance
Strict record keeping
Repair of replace faulty materials
Regular inspection and cleaning of drains
Inspection of flashing and seals
Testing of membrane prior to expiry of warranty,
minimum of every 5 years
Do not allow work that will nullify the warranty
Non accessible roofs, keep a sign in log of access
Professional Opportunities
Community
Education
Skill Gaps – personal & professional
Client
Architect
Landscape architect
Engineer
Horticulturalist
Case Studies
Judiciary Square - Washington DC
Case Studies
Millennium Park - Chicago
Lurie Garden construction – foam substrate 2004
Budget and Benefits
Budget
Public contribution to be $150 M blew out to $270 M the media went into over drive the public perception plummeted.
$180M of private donations to complete the project
Benefits
Since 2000 there has been the addition of new residential, office and hotel development within the adjacent 6 blocks
Two new state of the art performance venues
Increased visitors to Chicago, estimated 3-4 million
Acros building – Fukuoka Japan
ASLA Washington DC
Green Roof – Design & Installation
Ballast edges generally 500mm wide
Vegetation free zones provide
pedestrian access
inspection points for flashing
wind uplift prevention
fire break
Green Roof – Design & Installation
Ford Motor Plant
Green Roof – Design & Installation
M Central - Sydney
Green Roof – Design & Installation
CH2 - Melbourne
Green Roof – Design & Installation
Adelaide Zoo
Green Roof – Design & Installation
The Venny - Melbourne
Green Roof – Design & Installation
DPI & Fisheries - Queenscliffe
Retrofitted domestic extensive roof
storm water management with the
inclusion of a dry creek bed
Green Roof – Design & Installation
Who can have a green roof?
GREEN WALLS
A living wall is a
building envelope
system where plants
are actually planted,
irrigated and grown in
a modular system
secured and
integrated with a wall.
Phyto Universe Spa – New York
MODULAR SYSTEM - bespoke
Gabion Baskets fixed to rails.
Engineered soil structure
Artificial lighting (indoors)
Wet weight 33kgm2
Established weight 60 – 80kgm2
Irrigation about 4lt water sqm /day.
VERTICAL WET LAND
Modular gabion system
Engineered soil structure
Specific plant species
Pond providing nutrient
Plants strip nutrient from water
ACTIVE WALL
Metal frame – stainless steel (20kg/m2)
1cm PVC expanded sheet (7kg/m2)
3mm felt (3kg/m2)
Plants stapled into felt pockets / soil free
Artificial lighting (indoors)
Irrigation up to 34lt sqm /day
Nutrient /hydroponic
PRE PLANTED MODULAR SYSTEMS
Interlocking Modular
box -3.5kg
Steel racking system
or fastened to wall.
Soil capacity - 42lt.
Preplanted in nursery
BREATHING WALLS - BIO
FILTRATION
process of drawing air through organic material resulting in the removal of organic gases VOC and contaminants.
Up to 80% of
dangerous compounds in indoor environments can be eliminated through the use of a bio filter (University of Guelph, 2002.)
Guelph Uni - Canada
Wolfgang Amelung
OPPOURTUNITIES – the future of green
Incorporating vegetation in a
unique and dynamic way,
supporting the ‘livability’ of
cities
The concept of living
architecture, sustainable
design. How horticulture and
ecology come together.
Our landscapes can no
longer be consumptive.
We need to design our
landscapes to be restorative Construction hoarding – Japan
Bio Lung Project
From Good………
To Bad!!!!!
THE FUTURE ??????
The current need and desire to change is what will generate the design solutions to provide a truly
sustainable future.
SIDONIE CARPENTER
PRESIDENT
"My interest is in
the future because.
I am going to
spend the rest of
my life there."
- C.F. Kettering
GREEN ROOFS AUSTRALASIA www.greenroofsaustralasia.com.au