1. Y.H.I.M.S Mr. Coats Reference: Science Explorer Motion, Forces & Energy Chapter 6, Sections 1&2

2. There are many different forms of energy Light, sound, chemical, heat..etc. Which of these four types of energy do you think represents thermal energy? 3. Objects are made up of particles Always moving Temperature measures the kinetic energy (movement) of these particles. As temperature increases the particles move ________ and their kinetic energy _____________. faster increases 4. Different units: Celsius (oC), Fahrenheit (oF), Kelvin (K) The coldest temperature? 0K or 273 oC ABSOLUTE ZERO 5. alcohol inside a glass tube. Kinetic Energy of alcohol particles match what you are measuring. low high slower faster increase decrease 6. Total amount of heat energy an object has Different objects can have the same temperature but different amount of thermal energy. Is it possible for cold water to have more thermal energy than hot water? How? 7. The large coffee because it has more particles The coffee at the higher temperature because even though it has the same number of particles they have more kinetic energy 8. Energy transferred between objects Warmer colder Measured in Joules 9. Specific Heat Capacity - amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of material by 1K. The units for specific heat are (J/kg*K) 10. Specific Heat= Change in Energy Mass x Change in Temperature J/kg*K J kg K Change in Energy = Specific Heat x Mass x Change in Temp. 11. 209,000J of energy is required to heat 5kg of water by 10K. What is the specific heat capacity of water? Change in energy = 209,000J Change in temperature = 10K ; mass = 5kg Specific Heat = Change in Energy Mass Change in Temperature Specific Heat = 209,000J / 5kg x 10K = 4,180 J/kg*K x 12. Two objects touch each other and heat is transferred. Heat is transferred from the _______ object to the _______ object. warmer colder 13. The movement of heat by means of currents in either air or water. 14. Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. It does not need matter to transfer heat from one object to another - No gas or liquid required 15. Convection http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pG-tkbQgMo Radiation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wz6wzOtv6rs 16. Conductors A conductor is a material which conducts heat well. We would expect a conductor to have a ________ specific heat capacity and require ___________ energy to increase temperature. low less 17. Insulators An Insulator is a material which does not conduct heat well. We would expect an insulator to have a _________ specific heat capacity and require ___________ energy to increase temperature. high more 18. Conductor Insulator 19. Y.H.I.M.S Mr. P. Coats Reference: Science Explorer Chemical Building Blocks, Chapter 2, Section 1 20. States of Matter What are the states of matter? 21. Difference in arrangement and movement Temperature increases particles move Identical on the Chemical level E.g. Water. 22. 1. Closely packed particles 2. Regular Arrangement 3. Definite Shape 4. Definite Volume (cant compress) 5. Least amount of Energy ICE 23. 1. Closely packed particles 2. Not Regular Arrangement 3. No Definite Shape 4. Definite Volume (Not Compressible) 5. More Energy than Solid WATER 24. 1. Loosely packed particles 2. Not Regular Arrangement 3. No definite Shape 4. No definite Volume (Easily Compressed) 5. High Energy STEAM 25. 1. Gases at very high temperature 2. Electrically charged 3. Similar properties to gas 4. Highest Energy 5. Most matter in the universe is Plasma 26. Solid to Liquid Temperature at which it changes - . Liquid to Solid - Temperature at which it changes . Freezing Melting Melting point Freezing point 27. Liquid to Gas: ________________ Evaporation Vaporization occurs at surface of liquid Boiling Vaporization occurs throughout liquid Temperature at which a liquid will turn into a gas: _________________ What is the B.P. of water? Vaporization Boiling Point 100oC 28. Gas to Liquid: _ ____________ What happens when you have cold Coca-Cola on a hot day? Condensation (water) appears on surface of the glass. Condensation 29. Solid to Gas: ______________ No liquid phase Gas to Solid: _____________ No liquid phase Deposition Sublimation 30. 1. Solid Liquid 2. Liquid Solid 3. Liquid Gas 4. Gas Liquid 5. Solid Gas 6. Gas Solid Vaporization Condensation Sublimation Freezing Melting Deposition 31. You are cooking some ramen on your stove and you leave two spoons in the boiling water. One is wooden and the other is steel. After one minute which spoon do you believe will be hot and which only warm. Why? The steel spoon will be hot. It requires less energy to increase temperature Temperature(Co) Time (min) Gold (50g) Nickel (50g) 0 0 100 10 1 4.15 Which substance requires more energy to increase temperature? Nickel requires more than 4 times more energy than gold. 32. Temperature(Co) Time (min) Gold (50g) Nickel (50g) 0 0 100 101 4.15 Q: Which requires more energy to increase temperature? Gold or Nickel? A: Nickel: needs more than 4 times more energy than gold! 33. When ice is left out at room temperature does it all melt instantly? Why? No, it takes a long time to melt. The ice takes time to absorb heat energy from the air and melt. Which is correct A or B? B Time (min) Water (A) Water (B) -20 0 80 10 Temperature(Co) 0 34. Time (min)0 110 10 Temperature(Co) 0 78 100 35. Y.H.I.M.S Mr. P Coats Reference: Science Explorer Chemical Building Blocks, Chapter 2, Section 3 36. Can we measure the quantity of gas by simply measuring volume like a liquid or solid? No. In order to measure the quantity of a gas we need 3 things. 1. Volume Units can be m3 or L. 2. Temperature At higher temperature gases move faster and the same quantity of gas will take up more volume. 3. Pressure 37. Pressure = Force (N)/Area (m2) Units of pressure is pascals (Pa) or kilopascals (kPa) How many pascals in a kilopascal? 1,000 Higher pressure is caused by a greater concentration of gas particles in a given area. Gravity holds our atmosphere (gas) to the Earth at an average pressure of 101.3 kPa at sea level. 38. You climb to the top of Mt. Everest and prepare to eat some ramen. Does water still boil at 1000C? Why? No. It will boil at a lower temperature (690C) because there is less pressure to keep water a liquid. 39. Initial Pressure, Volume (P1 ,V1) When temperature # of gas molecules stay the same: If Volume decreases, what will happen to the pressure? Pressure and Volume vary inversely (opposite)! If one value goes up, the other goes down! P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 Increases! 40. Initial Volume, Temperature (V1 ,T1) Pressure, # Molecules stay the same If Temperature increases, what will happen to the Volume? More energy, more movement more volume! *Absolute Temperature = Kelvin Scale 0 0C = 273 K Temperature and Volume are directly proportional! Both go up and down together! Increases! V1 = V2 T1 T2 41. Switching to Kelvins: ADD 273 (+273) Switching to Celsius: SUBTRACT 273 (-273) Kelvin IS NEVER BELOW 0!! 0 0C = 0 + 273 = 273 K20 0C = 20 + 273 = 293 K75 0C = 75 + 273 = 348 K 373 K = 373 - 273 = 100 0C320 K = 320 - 273 = 47 0C150 K = 150 - 273 = - 123 0C 42. Boyles Law: Pressure is initially (starts at) 3 ATM, and volume is initially 1 L Volume changes to 4L, New Pressure? Charles Law: Temperature is initially (starts at) 40 0C, Volume is 520 L Temperature decreases to 15C, New Volume? V1 = V2 T1 T2 P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 (40 0C = 313 K) (15 0C = 288 K) 0.75 ATM 478.5 L