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Grade 8 English Unit 1.notebook
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Grade 8 English Language Arts
Unit 1: Global Citizens
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Focus on Reading: How to Make ConnectionsMaking connections to texts can help readers visualize, predict, infer, draw and support conclusions, form opinions make judgements or evaluate the text.
Three types of connections that readers can make are:1) Text to Self (T‐S): Making a connection between a text and something from your own personal life 2) Text to Text (T‐T): Making a connection between a text and another text3) Text to World (T‐W): Making a connection between a text and something that is going on in the worldthat you know about
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Focus on Writing: How to Develop Ideas
All writing should revolve around a main idea ‐ ideas may come from research or your own experience or from reading and talking with others
Where ever an idea comes from, you have to know your topic well enough that your ideas are strong
When selecting a writing topic, you may have too many ideas or too broad a topic
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Narrowing Your TopicNarrowing your topic is important.
ex. sports ‐‐> winter sports ‐‐> hockey ‐‐> Toronto Maple Leafs
If writing a story, stick with the major events
If writing non‐fiction, focus on one major idea and important supporting details such as facts and examples
Narrowing your topic before you begin research means you will have less material to read
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Four Tips1) Narrow your topic
2) Stick with major events & clarify your message
3) Focus on one major idea and important supporting details, such as facts and examples
4) Know your main message. Make sure it appears throughout your writing. DO NOT include information that is unnecessary
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Questions to Ask Yourself‐ What is my topic?‐ What's the main message?‐ Is it clear what I am writing about?‐ Is my topic narrow enough? How can I narrow my topic further?‐ Do I know what points I am going to make?‐ What supporting facts or examples can I include?‐ What information shouldn't I include because it will overload my writing or distract my readers?‐ Do I return again to my main message so that my readers know what it is from the first sentence to the last?
Read page 24 of your text book
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*Language Convention*Kosovo teen tells students around the world: "You can still... make a difference."
What punctuation marks are being used in this quote.
What are the 3 dots in the middle of the quotation called?‐ It is a punctuation mark called an ELLIPSIS. (…)‐ It’s plural form is ELLIPSES.
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Uses of an ellipsis:1.To show where words have been omitted from a quotation. Newspaper reports often use ellipses to eliminate unnecessary information from quotations so that essential facts can be emphasized. Ex: Kosovo teen tells students around the world: “You can still…make a difference.”
2.To show a pause or hesitation in speech. Ex: “Well… I don’t know…maybe.”
3.To indicate a continuation of a series.Ex: The teacher wrote the months of the year : January, February, March…
** Find another example of an ellipsis used in the newspaper article and indicate why it is used.
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Focus on Listening: How to Listen Effectively
Three strategies for effective listening are:1. Make connections between what you are hearing and your personal experiences or knowledge of the topic.
2. Visualize the information.
3. Ask relevant questions of the speaker and yourself so that you can keep focused.
Read and refer to page 32 in your text book.
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*Language Convention* ‐ Use of PronounsWho owns the land?
I am the person who has taken care of the land all this time.
Each said, "The land is mine. It belongs to me"
Both want the land.
*Note how the pronoun "who" is used differently.
First, as the subject as an interrogativesentence.
Second, as a relative pronoun beginning an adjective clause modifying "person"
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Who owns the land?
I am the person who has taken care of the land all this time.
Each said, "The land is mine. It belongs to me"
Both want the land.
I is used as a subject
It is used as a subject
Me is used as the object of a preposition
The underlined pronouns are personal pronouns
*Language Convention* ‐ Use of Pronouns
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Who owns the land?
I am the person who has taken care of the land all this time.
Each said, "The land is mine. It belongs to me"
Both want the land.
Mine is a possessive pronoun
*Language Convention* ‐ Use of Pronouns
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June 04, 2015
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Who owns the land?
I am the person who has taken care of the land all this time.
Each said, "The land is mine. It belongs to me"
Both want the land.
The boxed words are indefinite pronouns
*Language Convention* ‐ Use of Pronouns
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Kinds of Pronouns Examples
Personal I, it, me, you, she, he, they
Possessive mine, their, his
Interrogative who, what
Relative who
Indefinite one, all, each, both
BLM 21: Working with Pronouns
*Language Convention* ‐ Use of Pronouns
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Focus on Media: How to Recognize Purpose and Audience
Purpose: All media texts are made for a specific reason. These texts are created to inform, entertain, sell or to persuade you.
Informative Examples: Weather or news.
Entertainment Examples: Sports, sitcoms, ect…
Persuasion Examples: Commercials or advertisements, political campaign info, news.
Advertising Examples: Any commercial or infomercial.
Audience: Every text is targeted to a specific audience. Ads can be targeted at children, teens, women, men, etc.
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Focus on Media: How to Recognize Purpose and AudienceTo determine and analyze the purpose and audience of a media text you need to ask yourself several questions.
‐ What is the primary purpose of this media text: to persuade, inform, entertain, or sell?‐ What elements in the media text help me identify its purpose?‐ Could the media text have more than one purpose? What are the secondary purposes?‐ How effectively does the media text achieve its purposes?‐ What is the source of the media text? Does that source ‐ such as a specialty TV channel ‐ give me clues about the audience?‐ What specific audience would most likely find the language or images appealing?‐ What demographic group is the media text targeting?‐ How effectively do the elements in the text appeal to this group?
Read pages 38‐39
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Focus on Text Patterns: Sequencing
The purpose of sequence text pattern is to list something like events or instructions in a specific order.
Examples: events in time order, most interesting things to least interesting things (or vice versa), instructions, science experiments, etc.
Sequence patterns can use transition words such as first, second, third, last, later, next, soon, initially, now, before, gradually, meanwhile, today, once.
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Focus on Text Patterns: Sequencing
Characteristics of Sequence are:1. There is an order to how things are listed and the order is
important.2. Events or instructions can be arranged in numbered steps (or
using letters of the alphabet).3. Lists (sometimes with bullets) may be used.4. Transition words or phrases may be used.
Please read page 46 in textbook.
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*Language Convention* ‐ Active and Passive VoiceTo determine if a sentence is active or passive:1. Find the verb in the sentence (What is the action that is
happening?)2. Who is performing the action? (the person or thing performing
the action is the subject)3. Does the subject come at the beginning of the sentence? If
so the sentence is active; if the subject is at the end, the sentence is passive.
EXAMPLE: She sent a letter to her aunt. A letter was sent by her to her aunt.
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Know For Test!!Unit 1 – Global Citizens Study Guide1. Making Connections and Extending – Text to Text, Text To
Self and Text to World2. Words Often Confused – Notes and BLM 3. Develop Ideas ( 4 Writing Strategies)– Page 24 and Notes4. Ellipses – Notes5. Quotation Marks – Notes6. How To Listen Effectively (3 Ways) – Notes and page 327. Pronouns – Notes and BLM8. How To Recognize Purpose and Audience – Page 38 and Notes9. Sequence ( Characteristics)– Page 46 and Notes10. Active and Passive Voice – Notes and BLM