Grade 8 term 4 Scarcity of resources Surplus : having more than required ie Middle East has plenty of oil, but not enough agricultural industry. Lack of technology/ cheaper Political reasons (friendly relations) Threat of not trading used if a country wants to make changes Transport that moves goods around the world Must be effective & efficient Foreign currency Transport must be suitable for what is being traded. Time, cost, safety & specialised features to look at when choosing the right mode of transport. If it is to high it will deter customers If it cost manufacturers to much money to transport products they would rather use money to invest. = less jobs & less money circulating in the economy. Infrastructure is expensive to build & maintain The benefits of infrastructure must out way costs. Benefits of infrastructure include: Increase trade Increased investments by overseas countries Job creation in the transport sector Expanding manufacturing sectorie garages, restaurants develop along newly built roads Sea Air Road Rail Pipelines These are all used for economic trade, political security & day to day travel 90% of trade moved by sea Shipping lanes extend around the globe, linking continents North America, Europe, Asia & Australia are highly developed. Well established harbours can handle millions of tones of cargo. Different ships used to carry different cargo SPECIALIZED SHIPS Container ships Tankers Passenger liners Bulk carriers Cargo Grains Ore Coal Cement Sugar Molasses Wine Chemicals Liquid petroleum Motor vehicles Transport by sea is cheaper. But it is time consuming. Bulk transportation in one trip. Reliable & safe due to technology. Wright brothers 1903 Fast & efficient Transport people & cargo (livestock, cars, mining equipment etc) High cost = light items Items that must be delivered quickly = perishables Precious or sensitive items Disadvantages: high freight costs, delays, cancellations, taxes & surchages. Business Tourists Just for import trade industries for mining & tourism Privately owned airlines Crop spraying or medical services military Transportation of goods & people The effectiveness & efficiency depends on the quality of infrastructure. Choosing your mode of transport: Distance Weight/volume of cargo Type of goods Transportation of goods & people Condition of rails as well as how wide spread it is around the country. Electricity or diesel used to power trains Good for heavy/bulk cargo Cheap Slow form of transport Also requires another type of transport to deliver, collect the cargo. Long distance fluid transport Liquids & gas Most valuable pipe lines are those transporting crude petroleum and oil. Please complete ACTIVITY 3 Topic 7 Unit 1 SANRAL - South African National Roads Agency. ACSA The Airports Company South Africa SACAA The South African Civil Aviation Authority Transnet National road network km of roads and infrastructure Links between cities SAs rail network the most highly developed in Africa. Owned by Transnet 10 main airports handle over 98% of countries commercial air traffic. SAA is the largest in Africa connecting more that 20 cities around the continent and major cities around the world. Cape town international is the best OR Tambo third best King Shaka 4 th best 9 th largest harbour in the world Busiest general cargo port in Africa One of the largest & busiest container terminals in the Southern Hemisphere (3rd) Trade Hub in Africa Focal point of economic growth & development in SA Located in a natural lagoon in KZN Only opening large enough on a long stretch of SAs Eastern coast between PE and Maputo. Weather pleasant throughout the year Favourable holiday destination Most of SAs containerised trade 65% passes through the Durban harbour. Trade includes almost all of the countries petroleum products and most of SAs sugar exports and motor vehicle imports & exports. Container ship: truck load sizes cargo Tankers: Transport liquid in bulk Passenger liners: transport people Bulk Carriers: carry unpackaged cargo e.g. grains, coal, ore and cement.