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Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) - Performance Assessment of 2000 and 2001 Fellows (MS Word)
The Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need Program:
Performance Assessment of 2000 and 2001 Fellows
2001 cohort
Ethnic minority fellows = 95
Private
institutions
35%
Public
institutions
65%
Ethnic minority fellows = 265
2000 cohort
Public
institutions
81%
Private
institutions
19%
U.S. Department of EducationOffice of Postsecondary Education
2006
U.S. Department of EducationMargaret Spellings
SecretaryOffice of Postsecondary EducationJames Manning
Acting Assistant SecretarySeptember 2006
This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part is granted. While permission to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education, The Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need Program: Performance Assessment of 2000 and 2001 Fellows, Washington, D.C., 2006.
This report is available on the Department’s Web site at: http://www.ed.gov/programs/gaann/performance.html.
On request, this publication is available in alternate formats, such as Braille, large print or computer diskette. For more information, please contact the Department’s Alternate Format Center at 202-260-0852 or 202-260-0818.
Contents
Tables……………………………………………………………………………………..iii
Figures………………………………………………………………..…………………...iv
Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………….1
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..1
GAANN Program Funding………………………………………………………………..3
GAANN Program Performance Measures and Target Values……………………………4
Participants and Demographics……………………………………...…………………….6
Evaluation of Program Performance for 111 Grantees…………………….……………...7
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….18
Tables
1. Federally appropriated funding and number of grants and fellowships awarded for the GAANN Program, by fiscal year: 2000–05…………………………………………...3
2. Performance target and national average and benchmark values, by GAANN performance measures: 2004….. …………………………………………………..…5
3. Number of GAANN grants awarded and number and percentage of GAANN grants closed as of December 2004, by cohort year: 2000–01……………………………….6
4. Number and percentage of females and total enrollment in graduate school, by areas of national need: 2002…………………………………………….……….…………..8
5. Percentage of ethnic minorities enrolled in doctorate-granting institutions, by areas of national need: 2002………………………………………………………….………...9
6. Number and percentage of female GAANN fellows, by total number of fellows and type of institution: 2000 and 2001 cohorts…………………………………………...10
7. Academic status of GAANN fellows as of December 2004, by cohort: 2000 and 2001………………………………………………………………………………….14
8. Median number of years taken by GAANN fellows to earn a Ph.D. as of December 2004, by cohort and type of institution: 2000 and 2001 cohorts…………………….17
Figures
1. Distribution of GAANN fellows between public and private institutions: 2000 and 2001 cohorts…………………………………………………………………………...7
2. Percentage of female GAANN fellows enrolled in graduate schools in areas of national need compared to the 2006 Program Performance Plan target and the national average: 2000 and 2001 cohorts……………………………………….…....10
3. Percentage of ethnic minority GAANN fellows enrolled in graduate schools in areas of national need compared to the 2006 Program Performance Plan target and the national average: 2000 and 2001 cohorts………………………………….…..……..11
4. Percentage of ethnic minority GAANN fellows enrolled in graduate schools in the areas of national need compared to the 2006 Program Performance Plan target and the national average: 2000 and 2001 cohorts…………….…………………………...12
5. Percentage of ethnic minority GAANN fellows in public and private institutions, by cohort: 2000 and 2001……………………………………………………………….13
6. Percentage of GAANN fellows who completed a Ph.D. program or advanced to candidacy compared to the 2006 Program Performance Plan target and 2003 performance benchmark: 2000 and 2001 cohorts……………………………………14
7. Academic status of GAANN fellows as of December 2004, by type of institution: 2000 and 2001 cohorts……………………………………………………………….15
8. Percentage of GAANN fellows from underrepresented groups, percentage of GAANN fellows who completed a Ph.D. program and the national average of students from underrepresented groups who received a Ph.D. in 2002: 2000 and 2001 cohorts………………………………………………………………………………..16
Executive Summary
The Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Program awards grants to postsecondary institutions to provide fellowships for graduate students of superior ability and financial need who are pursuing terminal degrees in areas of national need. As of 2004, the areas of national need were: biology; chemistry; computer and information sciences; engineering; geological and related sciences; mathematics; and physics.
This report describes data provided by GAANN grantees as of December 2004 for the cohorts of grants that first received their awards in program years 2000 and 2001. Generally, the data show that the program has had a positive impact to date:
· Nearly one half (49 percent) of the fellows advanced to candidacy or obtained a Ph.D. as of December 2004, exceeding the U.S. Department of Education’s (Department’s) target.
· Women received 41 percent of the fellowships, exceeding the Department’s target. This rate is nearly double the national graduate school enrollment rate of women.
· Ethnic minorities, as a whole, received 24 percent of the fellowships, which is well above the nation’s doctoral study enrollment rate for ethnic minorities and just above the Department’s cumulative target.
· Black or African-American fellows were the only ethnic minority that did not exceed the Department’s target. The proportion of African-Americans, 6.6 percent, rounded to the nearest whole percentage, just meets the Department’s target of 7 percent.
· The median time to achieve a doctorate (5.8–6.3 years) was shorter than both the Department’s target and the national average, thereby exceeding the Department’s goal.
Introduction
This report presents data on performance results reported to the U.S. Department of Education as of December 2004 by postsecondary institutions that received new GAANN grants in program years 2000 and 2001. Grantees provide the information required by the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA) when submitting their final (closing) performance reports. The performance data includes four measures that were developed for evaluating the overall effectiveness of the GAANN Program: 1) the percentage of fellows in the GAANN Program from traditionally underrepresented populations who enroll in programs offering a terminal degree in an area of national need, compared to the national average of enrollment in such programs; 2) the percentage of fellows in the GAANN Program who obtain a terminal degree in an area of national need; 3) the median duration of time from entering graduate school until degree completion, compared to the national average of comparable doctoral students; and 4) the program cost for each successful fellow.
Program Background
The GAANN Program began in 1988 with the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA), as amended. The GAANN Program awards three-year grants to programs and academic units of postsecondary institutions to provide fellowships to graduate students of superior ability who demonstrate financial need and plan to pursue terminal degrees in areas of national need. The secretary of education designates areas of national need in a notice published in the Federal Register. The designated areas of national need in 2000 and 2001 were: biology; chemistry; computer and information sciences; engineering; geological and related sciences; mathematics; and physics. The terminal degree in these disciplines is a doctorate. The GAANN Program also encourages institutions to perform outreach activities to foster the enrollment of “talented students from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds” (Title VII, Part A, Subpart 2, Section 713(b)(3) of the HEA, as amended (20 U.S.C. 1132a et seq.)).
Postgraduate academic units of postsecondary institutions apply for the GAANN grants to provide a number of student fellowships. A typical GAANN Grant provides the academic unit or institution with a payment in lieu of charging fellows for tuition, fees or other expenses. The fellowship may also provide a stipend to the student based on financial need.
Although GAANN grants are awarded for a three-year period, only about one-quarter of the grantee institutions use their grants and submit final reports at the end of the third year. About 75 percent of the institutions take a one-year, no-cost extension into a fourth year, and approximately one-third of those in their fourth year apply and are approved for an additional one-year, no-cost extension into a fifth year. Thus, for some grants, there can be a waiting period of four or five years until information on performance outcomes is available.
GAANN Program Funding
Table 1 shows the federally appropriated funding levels for the GAANN Program for fiscal years (FY) 2000–05. The table also shows the numbers of fellowships supported. For FY 2004, appropriated funding for the GAANN Program was $30.6 million. This funding supported 51 new grants and 94 continuation grants. A total of 736 fellows benefited from the new and continuing grants. Historically, about every third year there has not been a GAANN grant competition because all available funds are used to provide continuation funding to grants awarded in the two previous years’ competitions.
Table 1.Federally appropriated funding and number of grants and fellowships awarded for the GAANN Program, by fiscal year: 2000–05
Appropriated funding (millions of dollars)
New grants awarded
Continuation grants awarded
Students receiving
new and continuing fellowships
Fiscal year
2005
30.4
None
145
736
2004
30.6
51
94
736
2003
30.8
94
86
937
2002
31.0
None
201
1070
2001
31.0
86
115
1070
2000
31.0
116
106
1207
Source: http://www.ed.gov/programs/gaann/funding.html (accessed July 21, 2006).
Each grantee institution receives no less than $100,000 and cannot receive more than $750,000 in a single fiscal year from its new and continuing grants. As an additional requirement, the grantee must match, from nonfederal sources, at least 25 percent of the amount of the grant.
GAANN Program Performance Measures and Target Values
Performance Measures
The U.S. Department of Education’s Fiscal Year (FY) 2006 Program Performance Plan (2006 Program Performance Plan) states the objective of the GAANN Program:
To increase the number of students of superior academic ability completing a terminal degree in designated areas of national need in order to alleviate the need.
To assess program performance based on this objective, the 2006 Program Performance Plan specifies four performance measures:
1. Enrollment of underrepresented populations. The percentage of fellows from traditionally underrepresented groups by grantee cohort enrolled in a terminal degree program in the designated areas of national need will increase.
2. Graduate school completion. The percentage of GAANN fellows who obtain a terminal degree in an area of national need will increase.
3. Time to degree completion. The median time from entering graduate school until degree completion will be less for GAANN fellows than comparable doctoral students, as identified annually in the Survey of Earned Doctorates.
4. The cost per successful GAANN fellow. This measure is calculated by taking the total funding for years one, two and three, divided by the number of GAANN Ph.D.s and those who pass preliminary exams during that period.
2004 Target Values for the Performance Measures
In addition to establishing programwide performance measures and benchmarking program performance against comparable national standards, the Department establishes goals, or targets, for increasing program performance. Targets have been set for the first three performance measures: enrollment rate, completion rate and time to degree completion. Currently, no target has been established for the cost per successful GAANN fellow measure.
Table 2 provides the performance targets and national averages and benchmark values for the first three performance measures for the reporting year 2004.
Table 2.Performance target and national average and benchmark values, by GAANN performance measures: 2004
Performance target values
National average/benchmark values
Performance measures
Percent
Enrollment of underrepresented populations
Women
35
21
Asian or Pacific Islander
6
7.0
Black or African-American
7
2.9
Hispanic or Latino
2
2.9
American Indian or Alaska Native
0
0.2
Graduate school completion
28
47
Years
Time to doctorate completion
6.45
6.7–7
Source: 2006 Program Performance Plan, NSF: 2002; and 2002 Survey of Earned Doctorates.
This report presents results on three of the four previously mentioned performance measures as reported by grantees as of December 2004. The evaluation of the GAANN Program as of December 2004 includes data from final reports submitted by those institutions first funded in 2000 that closed their grants within four years and data from final reports submitted by those institutions first funded in 2001 that closed their grants at the end of three years.
Participants and Demographics
Descriptive Statistics of Programs at Postsecondary Institutions
In 2000 and 2001, 68 postsecondary institutions (46 public and 22 private) received 202 grants. As of December 2004, 87 grants originally awarded in 2000 and 24 grants originally awarded in 2001 had closed. This report presents performance data from those academic grants. The remaining grants (91) were approved for no-cost extensions for an additional year into 2005 (table 3).
Table 3.Number of GAANN grants awarded and number and percentage of GAANN grants closed as of December 2004, by cohort year: 2000–01
Number of grants awarded
Grants closed as of December 2004
Number
Percent
Cohort year
2000
116
87
75
2001
86
24
28
Total
202
111
55
Source: GAANN Program data; and GAANN Program Annual Performance Reports (APRs), 2004.
Note: Percent = number of grants closed x 100/number of grants awarded.
Descriptive Statistics of GAANN Fellows
An estimated 592 students were originally projected to receive fellowships from the 111 grants reported; however, a significantly larger number of students received the fellowships. The original projection assumed that institutions would provide fellowships equaling the maximum allowable stipend and institutional payment. In 2000 and 2001, the maximum allowable stipend and institutional payment for each student for the year, as determined by the secretary of education annually in accordance with legislation, was approximately $30,000. Therefore, the three-year fellowship amount for each student was approximately $90,000. However, since the stipend cannot exceed the fellow’s financial need as determined each year, many fellows received less than the maximum annual allowance of $30,000. Financial need is determined each year on the basis of the requirements for need analysis prescribed by Title IV, Part F of HEA.
In addition, many institutions far exceed the requirement that they match at least 25 percent of their grant amounts. Since matching funds must be used for the same purpose as the GAANN funds, the amount available for fellowships was larger than originally projected. As a result, fellowships were awarded to 2.5 times the number of GAANN fellows—a total of 1,501 for both the 2000 and 2001 cohorts.
Fellowship recipients were nearly three times more likely to attend public institutions than private (fig. 1). A total of 1,112 students (74 percent) attended public institutions, while 389 students (26 percent) attended private institutions.
Figure 1.Distribution of GAANN fellows between public and private institutions: 2000 and 2001 cohorts
Private
Institutions
26%
Public
Institutions
74%
Total students = 1,501
Source: GAANN Program data; and GAANN Program APRs, 2004.Evaluation of Program Performance for 111 Grantees
Enrollment of Underrepresented Populations
For the purpose of evaluating the GAANN Program, the 2006 Program Performance Plan defines underrepresented populations as women and the following ethnic groups: Asian or Pacific Islander; Black or African-American; Hispanic or Latino; and American Indian or Alaska Native. The 2006 Program Performance Plan sets the 2004 performance target for this measure at the actual 2003 performance target. The 2004 targets are: 35 percent for women; 6 percent for Asian or Pacific Islander; 7 percent for Black or African-American; 2 percent for Hispanic or Latino; and 0 percent for American Indian or Alaska Native. The authorizing legislation for the GAANN Program only recommends, but does not mandate, that institutions seek individuals from traditionally underrepresented groups when awarding fellowships. The goal of the GAANN Program is to maintain the 2003 levels of representation of women and ethnic minorities, while increasing terminal degree completion rates and reducing the median time to degree completion.
The 2004 performance is benchmarked against the national enrollment of underrepresented populations in areas of national need. The National Science Foundation regularly collects statistics on the participation of women, minorities and persons with disabilities in the science and engineering fields, including higher education enrollments. The Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2002 Report (NSF: 2002) presents estimates of the total enrollments in science, engineering and health-related programs in 12,126 graduate academic units at 594 institutions in the United States and outlying areas.
The graduate enrollment of U.S. citizens and alien permanent residents (those who hold green cards but have not yet been granted U.S. citizenship) from underrepresented populations in areas of national need, as reported in the NSF: 2002, is: 21 percent for females (table 4); 7.0 percent for Asians or Pacific Islanders; 2.9 percent for Blacks or African-Americans; 2.9 percent for Hispanics or Latinos; 0.2 percent for American Indians or Alaska Natives; and 4.1 percent for other ethnic minorities (table 5). The aggregate percentage for ethnic minorities is 17.1 percent.
Table 4.Number and percentage of females and total enrollment in graduate school, by areas of national need: 2002
Female enrollmenta
Total enrollmentb
Number
Percent
Number
Areas of national need
Biological sciences
26,352
43
61,132
Chemistry
4,583
24
19,046
Computer sciences
8,334
15
55,559
Engineering
13,795
12
119,608
Geological sciences
5,235
37
14,240
Mathematical sciences
4,386
24
18,163
Physics
1,166
10
11,701
Total
63,851
21
299,449
Source: NSF: 2002.
a Female enrollment includes U.S. citizens and alien permanent residents (those who hold green cards but have not yet been granted U.S. citizenship).
b Total enrollment includes U.S. citizens, permanent residents (those who hold green cards but have not yet been granted U.S. citizenship), and students with temporary visas.
Table 5.Percentage of ethnic minorities enrolleda in doctorate-granting institutions, by areas of national need: 2002
Asian / Pacific Islander
Black Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
American Indian / Alaska Native
Other
Areas of national need
Biological sciences
8.1
3.8
4.1
0.3
4.0
Chemistry
4.7
3.1
3.4
0.3
2.8
Computer sciences
10.1
3.3
1.7
0.1
5.9
Engineering
6.7
2.5
2.7
0.2
3.5
Geological sciences
2.3
1.8
2.8
0.6
3.5
Mathematical sciences
5.4
2.9
2.6
0.1
4.3
Physics
3.3
1.9
2.2
0.2
4.5
Totalb
7.0
2.9
2.9
0.2
4.1
Source: NSF: 2002.
Note: Table categories duplicate those mentioned in the NSF:2002.
a Ethnic minority enrollment includes U.S. citizens and alien permanent residents (those who hold green cards but have not yet been granted U.S. citizenship).
bTotal is the percentage of the ethnic minorities enrolled in programs of biological sciences, chemistry, computer sciences, engineering, geological sciences, mathematical sciences and physics at doctorate-granting institutions.
Enrollment of female GAANN fellows
Of the 1,501 fellows from the 2000 and 2001 grants closed as of December 2004, 41 percent (618) were women. This rate was significantly higher than the rate at which women across the nation enrolled in graduate schools in the areas of national need. Female U.S. citizens and alien permanent residents made up only 21 percent of the graduate school enrollment in areas of national need, as reported in the NSF: 2002. Further, the enrollment rate of female GAANN fellows also exceeded the 2006 Program Performance Plan target of 35 percent (fig. 2).
Figure 2.Percentage of female GAANN fellows enrolled in graduate schools in areas of national need compared to the 2006 Program Performance Plan target and the national average: 2000 and 2001 cohorts
21
35
41
0
10
20
30
40
50
Percent
Female Enrollment
2006 Program
Performance Plan
target
GAANN fellows
National average
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004; 2006 Program Performance Plan; and NSF: 2002.
Note: Percentages are the percent of the total number of fellows.
There was no significant difference in the proportion of female fellows attending public and private institutions. Of the fellows attending public institutions, 42 percent (469) were female; of the fellows attending private institutions, 38 percent (149) were female (table 6).
Table 6. Number and percentage of female GAANN fellows, by total number of fellows and type of institution: 2000 and 2001 cohorts
Female fellows
Total fellows
Number
Percent
Number
Type of institution
Public
469
42
1,112
Private
149
38
389
Total
618
41
1,501
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004.
Note: Percentages are based on the total number of fellows.
Enrollment of ethnic minority fellows
Minorities represented 24 percent (360) of the 1,501 GAANN fellows from the 2000 and 2001 cohorts reporting as of December 2004. This was a significantly greater proportion than the national average for ethnic minority doctoral degree enrollees (17 percent) in areas of national need, as reported in the NSF: 2002. The proportion of minority GAANN fellows enrolled also exceeded the 2006 Program Performance Plan target of 15 percent (fig. 3).
Figure 3.Percentage of ethnic minority GAANN fellows enrolled in graduate schools in areas of national need compared to the 2006 Program Performance Plan target and the national average: 2000 and 2001 cohorts
17
15
24
0
10
20
30
Percent
Ethnic minority enrollment
2006 Program
Peformance Plan
target
National average
GAANN fellows
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004; and NSF: 2002.
Although this performance measure was established to evaluate enrollments of ethnic minorities—Asians or Pacific Islanders; Blacks or African-Americans; Hispanics or Latinos; and American Indians or Alaska Natives—actual GAANN performance data was not collected on American Indians or Alaska Natives. Instead, the category “Others” was used. This category may have included American Indians or Alaska Natives and other ethnic minorities. The NSF: 2002 categories included American Indian or Alaska Native and Others. Given that people reporting mixed ethnic backgrounds are placed in the NSF: 2002 Other category, the categories as reported by GAANN grantees do not correspond to those reported in the NSF: 2002. Therefore, the results for American Indians or Alaska Natives will not be compared to the national average.
There was a significantly greater proportion of Asian or Pacific Islander (9.0 percent), Black or African-American (6.6 percent) and Hispanic or Latino (6.6 percent) GAANN fellows enrolled in graduate schools in the areas of national need as compared to the national doctoral study enrollments for each group (7.0 percent, 2.9 percent and 2.9 percent, respectively). The proportion of Asians or Pacific Islanders and Hispanics or Latinos also exceeded the 2006 Program Performance Plan targets of 6 percent and 2 percent. However, the proportion of Blacks or African-Americans fell short of the 7 percent 2006 Program Performance Plan target, if the actual GAANN proportion is not rounded up (fig. 4).
Figure 4.Percentage of ethnic minority GAANN fellows enrolled in graduate schools in the areas of national need compared to the 2006 Program Performance Plan target and the national average: 2000 and 2001 cohorts
2.9
2.9
7.0
2
7
6
6.6
6.6
9.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
Hispanic
Black
Asian
Percent
Ethnic minority enrollment
GAANN fellows
2006 Program
Performance
Plan
target
National average
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004; and NSF: 2002.
Note: Percentages are the percent of the total number of fellows.
Overall, 77 percent (276) of the ethnic minority GAANN fellows attended public institutions, and 23 percent (84) attended private institutions. This compares closely with the proportion of all GAANN fellows, regardless of ethnicity, attending public and private institutions (fig. 1). A larger proportion of fellowships were awarded to ethnic minorities at public institutions in the 2000 cohort compared to the 2001 cohort (81 percent versus 65 percent, respectively; fig. 5).
While the proportions of Asians or Pacific Islanders and Blacks or African-Americans were approximately the same in both the 2000 and 2001 cohorts, the percentage of Hispanic or Latino fellows increased from 6 percent (64) in the 2000 cohort to 10 percent (35) in the 2001 cohort.
Figure 5.Percentage of ethnic minority GAANN fellows in public and private
institutions, by cohort: 2000 and 2001
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004.
Doctoral Degree Completion and Candidacy
To be considered qualified for preparing and defending a doctoral thesis, candidates are required to pass a preliminary examination, thus advancing to candidacy. The doctoral degree completion measure counts students who advance to candidacy as well as students who receive a doctorate. Adding advancement to candidacy as a milestone to degree completion provides a more realistic assessment of fellows’ progress because the three-year grant award period is shorter than the average time required to obtain a doctorate.
The 2006 Program Performance Plan specifies a performance target of 28 percent for Ph.D. program completion or advancement to candidacy. The 2004 performance is also benchmarked against the actual 2003 performance of 47 percent, as reported in the 2006 Program Performance Plan.
As of December 2004, 49 percent (731) of GAANN fellows successfully completed their Ph.D. program or advanced to candidacy. Therefore, the actual performances exceeded both the target and the benchmark (fig. 6).
Figure 6.Percentage of GAANN fellows who completed a Ph.D. program or advanced to candidacy compared to the 2006 Program Performance Plan target and 2003 performance benchmark: 2000 and 2001 cohorts
28
49
47
0
20
40
60
Percent
Completed Ph.D./
advanced to candidacy
GAANN fellows
2006 Program
Performance Plan
target
2003 performance
benchmark
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004.
A higher proportion of fellows (16 percent) in the 2000 cohort have completed a Ph.D program, compared to fellows in the 2001 cohort (10 percent). The same proportion (34 percent) of fellows had advanced to candidacy (table 7).
Table 7. Academic status of GAANN fellows as of December 2004, by cohort: 2000 and 2001
Academic status
Total
fellows
Completed Ph.D.
Advanced to candidacy
Still enrolled as
a student
Completed
master’s degree or left the graduate program
Percent
Cohort
2000
16
34
30
20
1,153
2001
10
34
45
11
348
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004.
Private postsecondary institutions that received GAANN grants showed a significantly higher rate of successful Ph.D. program completion and advancement to candidacy than did public institutions. A slightly larger percentage of fellows earned a Ph.D. at private institutions (17 percent) than those attending public institutions (14 percent). In private institutions, 47 percent (183) of the GAANN fellows advanced to candidacy. In public institutions, only 30 percent (329) of fellows advanced to candidacy (fig. 7).
Figure 7.Academic status of GAANN fellows as of December 2004, by type of institution: 2000 and 2001 cohorts
30
14
13
23
47
19
37
17
0
20
40
60
Completed master’s degree or left the
graduate program
Still enrolled as a student
Completed preliminary exam
Completed Ph.D.
Percent
Private institution
Public institution
Academic status
Completed master’s degree or left
the graduate program
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004.
Note: There were 1,112 fellows in public institutions and 389 in private institutions.
In an effort to increase the number of Ph.D.s received by students from traditionally underrepresented groups, the GAANN Program encourages institutions to perform outreach activities to these groups to increase minority enrollment rates. Figure 8 illustrates the Ph.D. completion rates of GAANN fellows from underrepresented groups. It also compares the percentage of fellows from underrepresented groups who completed a Ph.D. program as of 2004 with the national percentage of students from underrepresented groups who received a Ph.D. in 2002. The national percentage is derived from the report Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 2002 (S&E Doctorates: 2002).
Figure 8.Percentage of GAANN fellows from underrepresented groups, percentage of GAANN fellows who completed a Ph.D. program and the national average of students from underrepresented groups who received a Ph.D. in 2002: 2000 and 2001 cohorts
4.0
3.3
14.1
3.7
45
41
35
8.2
4.6
6.6
6.6
9.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Hispanic
Black
Asian
Women
Percent
Underrepresented groups
GAANN fellows
GAANN fellows
completing a Ph.D.
program
National average
of 2002 Ph.D.s
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004; and S&E Doctorates: 2002.
Note: The national average includes only U.S. citizens and alien permanent residents (those who hold green cards but have not yet been granted U.S. citizenship) in areas of national need.
The enrollment and completion rates for female GAANN fellows were approximately the same. Females received 41 percent of GAANN fellowships and earned 45 percent (98 of 219) of GAANN Ph.D.s. The GAANN Program, however, generated a higher proportion of female Ph.D.s than did the nation’s graduate programs (35 percent).
Although ethnic minorities received 24 percent of GAANN fellowships, they only earned 17 percent (38 of 219) of GAANN Ph.D.s. This represents a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level. Asians or Pacific Islanders received 9 percent of GAANN fellowships and earned 8.2 percent of Ph.D.s among GAANN fellows. Blacks or African-Americans received 6.6 percent of GAANN fellowships and earned 4.6 percent of Ph.D.s among GAANN fellows. Hispanics or Latinos received 6.6 percent of GAANN fellowships and earned 3.7 percent of Ph.D.s among GAANN fellows.
The proportion of ethnic minorities who earned Ph.D.s as GAANN fellows, 17 percent, was lower than the proportion who earned Ph.D.s in the nation (21 percent). Although a lower percentage (8.2 percent) of Asians or Pacific Islanders earned Ph.D.s in the GAANN Program than in the nation as a whole (14.1 percent), a higher percentage (4.6 percent) of Blacks or African-Americans earned Ph.D.s in the GAANN Program than in the nation as a whole (3.3 percent). Hispanics or Latinos earned approximately the same percentage of Ph.D.s in the GAANN Program as in the nation (3.7 percent and 4.0 percent, respectively).
There is no significant difference in the proportion of ethnic minority GAANN fellows who earned Ph.D.s in public and private institutions. In public institutions, 16 percent (25) earned Ph.D.s, and in private institutions, 20 percent (13) earned Ph.D.s.
Time to Doctoral Degree Completion
The third performance measure, time to doctoral degree completion, is available only for that fraction of fellows completing a Ph.D. program. The 2006 Program Performance Plan has a 2005 performance target of 6.45 years. It also identifies the median length of time that fellows remained in graduate school to complete their Ph.D. program, as reported in the 2002 Survey of Earned Doctorates, the benchmark for this measure. Also, according to the 2002 Survey of Earned Doctorates, the median numbers of years to Ph.D. program completion in the fields that cover most of the GAANN areas of national need are 6.7 years for engineering, 6.8 years for the physical sciences, and seven years for life sciences.
As of December 2004, the 2000 cohort of GAANN fellows remained in graduate school to earn a doctorate for a shorter period of time than the 2001 cohort of fellows. The median length of time for the 2000 cohort of GAANN fellows who earned a doctorate was 5.8 years, and for the 2001 fellows, it was 6.3 years. There was little difference between public and private institutions (table 8).
Table 8. Median number of years taken by GAANN fellows to earn a Ph.D. as of December 2004, by cohort and type of institution: 2000 and 2001 cohorts
Median Number of Years
2000 cohort
2001 cohort
Combined cohorts
Type of institution
Public
5.8
6.8
5.8
Private
5.8
6.3
6.0
Total
5.8
6.3
5.8
Source: GAANN Program APRs, 2004.
The median length of time that GAANN fellows in both cohorts stayed in school to earn a doctorate (5.8 years, 2000 cohort; 6.3 years, 2001 cohort; and 5.8 years, combined cohorts) was shorter than the 2006 Program Performance plan target of
6.45 years. These results were also shorter than the median numbers of years taken to earn a doctorate in the areas of national need, as reported in the 2002 Survey of Earned Doctorates: 6.7 years, engineering; 6.8 years, physical sciences; and seven years, life sciences.
It is important to note that the GAANN data were incomplete in two ways: 1) not all grantees with students in these cohorts have provided final report data as of the date of this report; and 2) not all the fellows who can be expected to complete a Ph.D. program have finished their work. Given that the data to be reported later can be expected to include fellows who have taken longer to complete their Ph.D.s, the median lengths of time to a doctorate for these cohorts can be expected to increase.
Cost per Successful GAANN Fellow
The cost-effectiveness measure is calculated by dividing the total amount of funds provided to one cohort by the number of successful GAANN fellows who earned a doctorate or advanced to candidacy. The measure is calculated for a single cohort once all grants in that cohort have closed. This allows the maximum time for fellows to be successful. Since a grantee is allowed up to five years to complete the grant, the 2004 cost-effectiveness measure would be based on the 1999 cohort. As there was no 1999 cohort, the cost-effectiveness measure for 2004 cannot be calculated.
Conclusion
The GAANN Program provides support to Ph.D. program students in areas of national need: biology; chemistry; computer and information sciences; engineering; geological and related sciences; mathematics; and physics. The U.S. Department of Education has compared the 1,501 fellows reported as of December 2004 from the 2000 and 2001 cohorts that received GAANN awards with the 276,477 graduate students in NSF: 2002 and the 10,215 doctorate recipients identified in the 2002 Survey of Earned Doctorates.
The GAANN Program’s graduate school enrollment of underrepresented populations exceeded expectations for all but one ethnic group. The actual program performance for the graduate school completion measure (49 percent) exceeded the 2006 Program Performance Plan target of 28 percent and 2003 performance benchmark of 47 percent.
The median length of time that the 2000 and 2001 GAANN fellows who earned a doctorate stayed in school was 5.8 years and 6.3 years, respectively. This was a shorter length of time than the performance target of 6.45 years, and significantly shorter than the national median in areas of national need (6.7–7.0 years).
In summary, analyses of interim data for the GAANN Program, based on the 2000 and 2001 cohorts, show that the program’s performance is, in most respects, equal to or better than the target levels set in the Department’s 2006 Program Performance Plan.
� The GAANN Program is authorized in Title VII, Part A, Subpart 2 of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (20 U.S.C. 1132a et seq.).
� Some grantees who initially received awards in 2000 and 2001will not report final outcomes until
2005 and 2006, respectively; thus, data on those awards have not been included in this report.
� GAANN fellows must be U.S. citizens, alien permanent residents of the United States or persons intending to become permanent residents with the proper documentation of their status. (See
34 CFR 648.40.)
� Federal Register 64, no. 130 (July 1999): 36862–36863; and Federal Register 65, no. 176 (September 2000): 54844–54845.
� Section 5 (“Enhance the Quality of and Access to Postsecondary and Adult Education”), subsection “HEA: Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN)”, available at � HYPERLINK "http://www.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/2006plan/index.html" ��http://www.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/2006plan/index.html� (accessed July 21, 2006). Hereafter cited as 2006 Program Performance Plan.
� Hoffer, T.B., S. Sederstrom, L. Selfa, V. Welch, M. Hess, S. Brown, S. Reyes, K. Webber, and I. Guzman-Barron. 2003. Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities: Summary Report 2002. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center. This report gives the results of data collected by the Survey of Earned Doctorates, conducted for six federal agencies—National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Education, National Endowment for the Humanities, U.S. Department of Agriculture and NASA—by the National Opinion Research Center. (Hereafter cited as the 2002 Survey of Earned Doctorates.)
� National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics. 2005. Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2002. Arlington,Va.: Author. (Hereafter cited as NSF: 2002.)
� Throughout this report, the years mentioned are academic years, except where explicitly noted as fiscal, or program, years. The reference to 1999, for instance, is for the academic year 1999–2000.
� For the 2000 cohort, there were 34 public and 15 private institutions. For the 2001 cohort, there were
12 public and seven private institutions.
� The GAANN Program is authorized in Title VII, Part A, Subpart 2 of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (20 U.S.C. 1132a et seq.).
� For the 2000 cohort, 1,153 fellowships were awarded instead of the 474 originally projected. For the 2001 cohort, 348 fellowships were awarded instead of the 118 originally projected.
� Seventy-five percent (870) and 70 percent (242) of the students attended public institutions for the
2000 and 2001 cohorts, respectively.
�NSF: 2002
� While the 2002 Survey of Earned Doctorates provides enrollment data by ethnicity at doctorate-granting institutions in areas of national need, it only provides data by gender for all graduate institutions, including those that offer master’s degrees.
� The percentage of female fellows in both the 2000 and 2001 cohorts was 41 percent (474 and 144, respectively).
� Minorities represented 23 percent (265) of the 2000 cohort and 27 percent (95) of the 2001 cohort: 265 + 95 = 360/1,501 = .2398 (24 percent, rounded up). This is not a significant difference at the 0.05 confidence level.
� Asians or Pacific Islanders and Blacks or African-Americans were 8.7 percent (100) and 6.9 percent (80) of the 2000 cohort. Asians or Pacific Islanders and Blacks or African-Americans were 10.1 percent (35) and 5.5 percent (19) of the 2001 cohort.
� Of the 2000 cohort, 50 percent (578) received a Ph.D. or advanced to candidacy, and 44 percent (153) of the 2001 cohort received a Ph.D. or advanced to candidacy.
� National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, 2003. Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 2002. Arlington, Va.: Author. (Hereafter cited as S&E Doctorates: 2002.)
� In the 2000 cohort, 47 percent (87) of the fellows who earned a doctorate were women, and in the
2001 cohort, 31 percent (11) were women.
� In the 2000 cohort, 20 percent (31) of the fellows who earned a doctorate were ethnic minorities, and in the 2001 cohort, 25 percent (7) were ethnic minorities.
� In the 2000 cohort, 9 percent (17) and 3 percent (6) of the fellows who earned a doctorate were Asian or Pacific Islander and Black or African-American, respectively. In the 2001 cohort, 3 percent (1) and
11 percent (4) of the fellows who earned a doctorate were Asian or Pacific Islander and Black or African-American, respectively.
� In the 2000 cohort, 4 percent (7) of the fellows who earned a doctorate were Hispanic or Latino, and in the 2001 cohort, 3 percent (1) were Hispanic or Latino.
� In public institutions, 8 percent (12), 4 percent (6), and 4 percent (6) of the fellows who earned a doctorate were Asian or Pacific Islander, Black or African-American and Hispanic or Latino, respectively. In private institutions, 9 percent (6), 6 percent (4), and 3 percent (2) of the fellows who earned a doctorate were Asian or Pacific Islander, Black or African-American and Hispanic or Latino, respectively.
PAGE
19
Chart3
National average
2006 Program Performance Plan target
GAANN fellows
PubVPri
StudentsFellowshipsProgramsInstitutions
2000Public87032960342.26666666672.2222222222
Private28314527150.7545533391
Total11534748749
2001Public2426914121.71428571431.4
Private106491070.6954022989
Total3481182419
TotalPublic111239874462.09090909092
Private3891943722
Total150159211168
PubVPri
0
0
women
0
0
ethnic
0
0
completion
500
% Female# FemaleTotal
2000 Cohort414741153
2001 Cohort41144348
GAANN Fellows416181501
"2006 Performance Plan" Target35
National average21
2006 Program Performance Plan target35
GAANN fellows41
Type of InstitutionMaleFemaleTotal
Public6434691112
Private240149389
Total8836181,501
completion
0
0
0
underrep
0
0
underrep2
Public
Private
Sheet7
0
0
0
2000AsBlHisOthWhiMin TotTotAsBlHisOthWhiMinAmerican Indian / Alaska NativeAsian / Pacific IslanderBlack non-HispanicHispanicOtherTotal Graduate EnrollmentMin
Pub796162126562148709.1%7.0%7.1%1.4%75.4%24.6%66019,3538,0987,88611,259276,47747256
Pri211929232512837.4%6.7%0.7%3.2%82.0%18.0%0.2%7.0%2.9%2.9%4.1%100.0%17.1%
Tot10080642188826511538.7%6.9%5.6%1.8%77.0%23.0%
0.8075471698
2001
Pub1417274170622326.0%7.3%11.6%1.7%73.3%26.7%
Pri21282833311618.1%1.7%6.9%1.7%71.6%28.4%
Tot35193562539534810.1%5.5%10.1%1.7%72.7%27.3%
0.6526315789
All
Pub9378891682627611028.4%7.1%8.1%1.5%75.0%25.0%
Pri422110113158439910.5%5.3%2.5%2.8%78.9%21.1%
Tot135999927114136015019.0%6.6%6.6%1.8%76.0%24.0%
0.7666666667
20002001TotGAANNBenchmarkTot% Minority
Min2659536036047,25647,6162000 Cohort23.0%National average0
Whi88825311411,141229,221230,3622001 Cohort27.3%"2006 Performance Plan" target0
Tot115334815011,501276,477277,978GAANN Fellows24.0%GAANN fellows0
National Average17.1%
Strategic Plan Target15%
EXPECTEDEXPECTED
GAAN2002TotalGAANBenchmarkTotalGAANN fellows"2006 Performance Plan" targetNational averageNational Average
Min276.583.536025747,35947,616Asian9.0%6%7.0%7.0%
Whi876.5264.511411,244229,118230,362Black6.6%7%2.9%2.9%
Total11531021515011,50110,215277,978Hispanic6.6%2%2.9%2.9%
Black6.6%7%2.9%2.9%
Chi-Square =2.730417052349.9520289757Asian9.0%6%7.0%7.0%
20002001
Public21462
Min Tot20002001TotPrivate5133
Pub21462276
Pri513384
Tot26595360
EXPECTED
GAAN2002Total
Pub203.272.8276
Pri61.822.284
Total26510215360
Chi-Square =9.3815342293
0
0
0
000
000
000
0
0
0
0
000
000
000
Type of InstitutionCompleted Ph.D.Completed Preliminary Exam.Still Enrolled as StudentCompleted Master’s DegreeLeft the ProgramTotal
Public2061131131724220012000 Cohort50%Benchmark47%
Private155725181062001 Cohort44%"2006 Performance Plan" target28%
Total351181561425348GAANN Fellows49%GAANN fellows49%
Public134268282116708702000Benchmark47%
Private50126662021283Strategic Plan Target28%
Total184394348136911153
Public154329413129871112
Private65183912129389
Left the programCompleted master’s degree or left the programStill enrolled as studentCompleted preliminary examCompleted Ph.D.
Public8%19%37%30%14%100%
Private7%13%23%47%17%100%
PublicPrivateTotPublicPrivate
PhD15465219PhD/Adv483248
Other9583241282Other629141Tot
Tot11123891501Tot1112389731
770
1501
EXPECTEDEXPECTED
GAAN2002TotalGAAN2002
PhD162.256.8219PhD/Adv541.6189.4
Other949.8332.21282Other570.4199.6Total
Total1112102151501Total111210215731
770
Chi-Square =1.892406308Chi-Square =47.61976498731501
0
0
0
0
0
00
00
00
00
0
0
0
Underrepresented populationNational average of 2002 Ph.D.sGAANN fellows completing a Ph.D.GAANN fellowsFellowsCompletersTotGAANN CompletersNationTot
Hispanic4.0%3.7%6.6%Women61598713.41Min382,0102048
Black3.3%4.6%6.6%Other8861211006.59White1817,4217602
Asian14.1%8.2%9.0%Tot15012191720Tot21994319650
Women35%45%41%0.410.4474885845
CompletersEXPECTEDEXPECTED
20002001TotalFellowsCompletersTotalGAANN CompletersNationTotal
Men9724121Women622.690.8713.41Min46.52001.52048
Women871198Other878.4128.21006.59White172.57429.57602
%Women47%31%45%CompletersTotal1501102151720Total219102159650
%Minority20002001
White1532818182.6%Fellows24%White83%80%Chi-Square =1.1065206784Chi-Square =2.0086379116
Black64104.6%Ph.D.17%Black3%11%
Hispanic7183.7%Nation21%Hispanic4%3%
Asian171188.2%Asian9%3%
Others1120.9%0.0923913043Others1%3%
20%25%219100.0%
317
(1) National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 2002, NSF 04-303, Project Officer, Susan T. Hill (Arlington, VA 2003).
Areas of national needDoctorates awarded, 2002, Female U.S. citizen or permanent residentDoctorates awarded, 2002, U.S. citizen or permanent residentDoctorates awarded, 2002, Asian and Pacific Islander U.S. citizen or permanent residentDoctorates awarded, 2002, Black U.S. citizen or permanent residentDoctorates awarded, 2002, Hispanic U.S. citizen or permanent residentAll ethnic
Biological sciences1,9154,102580122178
Chemistry4201,2271274438
Computer sciences97421861714
Engineering4402,1614128696
Geological sciences18749231616
Mathematical sciences134442291412
Physics91586611922
21%
000
000
000
000
2000 CohortWhiteBlackHispanicAsianOtherMin Total
Public11426120
Private394151
2001 CohortWhiteBlackHispanicAsianOtherMin Total
Public154001
Private130110
TotalWhiteBlackHispanicAsianOtherMin TotalMin %Total
Public129661212516%154
Private5242611320%65
219
TotalWhiteBlackHispanicAsianOther
Public84%4%4%8%1%
Private80%6%3%9%2%
PublicPrivateTotPublicPrivateTotPublicPrivateTotPublicPrivateTot
Min251338Black6410Hispanic628Asian12618
White12952181Other14861209Other14863211Other14259201
Tot15465219Tot15465219Tot15465219Tot15465219
0.16233766230.20.0389610390.06153846150.0389610390.03076923080.07792207790.0923076923
EXPECTEDEXPECTEDEXPECTEDEXPECTED
PublicPrivateTotalPublicPrivateTotalPublicPrivateTotalPublicPrivateTotal
Min26.711.338Black7.03.010Hispanic5.62.48Asian12.75.318
White127.353.7181Other147.062.0209Other148.462.6211Other141.359.7201
Total15410215219Total15410215219Total15410215219Total15410215219
Chi-Square =0.4520958977Chi-Square =0.5346636139Chi-Square =0.0871495803Chi-Square =0.1253910269
Table 3. Doctorates awarded, by citizenship status, sex, racial/ethnic group,
and major field of study of recipients: 1993-2002
Field of study1993199419951996199719981999200020012002
U.S. citizens or permanent residents
Science and engineering, total 116,57418,18718,99618,64718,39718,25717,56717,11616,33115,479
Engineering, total2,6973,0533,3423,3893,3323,0452,8892,5722,4382,161
Chemical377380381391409374371382358336
Civil227292309305327297312261269245
Electrical795899971929940804766648559506
Mechanical434538563588538516463397427343
Other engineering8649441,1181,1761,1181,054977884825731
Sciences, total 113,87715,13415,65415,25815,06515,21214,67814,54413,89313,318
Physical sciences, total2,3302,7892,8412,5712,4972,4552,2772,0922,0451,934
Astronomy111112141149158147117139123109
Chemistry1,4001,6161,6241,4631,4391,4671,4061,2411,2301,227
Physics8061,0441,059949883823742692677586
Other physical sciences13171710171812201512
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences504613594558607562526509466492
Mathematics590657771648629669605574524442
Computer sciences509543616514520561492458423421
Biological sciences3,7524,0884,3294,3644,2564,3084,1244,2684,2414,102
Agricultural sciences506616598575550543494502429420
Psychology3,1613,1363,1843,2333,1293,2743,2933,2313,0322,790
Social sciences 12,5252,6922,7212,7952,8772,8402,8672,9102,7332,717
Non-S&E, total 112,13412,70913,06312,89312,69412,90212,72712,80712,52612,103
Health9391,0501,0431,0161,0281,1541,0491,1951,1561,186
Humanities 13,5113,7654,0564,0474,2354,3274,2924,3924,3764,105
Education5,9686,0665,9956,0755,7525,7455,8145,6725,4495,376
Professional/other1,7161,8281,9691,7551,6791,6761,5721,5481,5451,436
Grand total, all fields28,70830,89632,05931,54031,09131,15930,29429,92328,85727,582
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, American Indian/Alaskan Native
Science and engineering, total 1436468957996114887470
Engineering, total26914171312877
Chemical1121432112
Civil0002202100
Electrical0112531010
Mechanical0023622311
Other engineering1446055344
Sciences, total 1415859816283102806763
Physical sciences, total568610999127
Astronomy1000111110
Chemistry24646757115
Physics2222213102
Other physical sciences0000100000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences4102236500
Mathematics1221131223
Computer sciences1104141112
Biological sciences716152071220171512
Agricultural sciences1126591402
Psychology15121417183135221715
Social sciences 17191825181229202022
Non-S&E, total 1777980918893100817779
Health6694646463
Humanities 110201818192121202120
Education51374160515058514246
Professional/other10161291218156810
Grand total, all fields120143148186167189214169151149
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, Asian/Pacific Islander
Science and engineering, total 11,5992,9813,6593,0792,5292,1351,9321,7071,6481,660
Engineering, total5268651,032896707554512439425412
Chemical629610180736558695371
Civil41699189723846433729
Electrical198303322276256205172141133132
Mechanical931791881661138988727671
Other engineering132218330285193157148114126109
Sciences, total 11,0732,1162,6272,1831,8221,5811,4201,2681,2231,248
Physical sciences, total260598749501400331252203202201
Astronomy3102212813313613
Chemistry155331415295234206183121126127
Physics10125431119315711166687061
Other physical sciences1311110100
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences228910477705139283531
Mathematics79142207140977156704829
Computer sciences771161371111079087766186
Biological sciences366719920885721657608539558580
Agricultural sciences29727880634746301624
Psychology73108121121126113132146122128
Social sciences 1167272311268238221200176181169
Non-S&E, total 1403552638595580572563566569524
Health459393878783879910895
Humanities 1106149192187179192193176184177
Education142172179180180177166173153153
Professional/other11013817414113412011711812499
Grand total, all fields2,0023,5334,2973,6743,1092,7072,4952,2732,2172,184
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, black
Science and engineering, total 1468498550572615645714710701681
Engineering, total50537074988298819286
Chemical683121631181712
Civil58118109661113
Electrical15172422312330212216
Mechanical371310121412181717
Other engineering21131922293339282528
Sciences, total 1418445480498517563616629609595
Physical sciences, total41464259515666625564
Astronomy2010212111
Chemistry31343345354556444244
Physics71181414108161219
Other physical sciences1100000100
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences46348814756
Mathematics8115871612141914
Computer sciences610111241418181517
Biological sciences757810798112111116118139122
Agricultural sciences16221724241924181212
Psychology118124149152152158172189174172
Social sciences 1150148146141159181194203190188
Non-S&E, total 18107799118748599601,0481,0381,0281,050
Health59466048556557756471
Humanities 198106115116141139164158167160
Education556521623607553655689693670680
Professional/other97106113103110101138112127139
Grand total, all fields1,2781,2771,4611,4461,4741,6051,7621,7481,7291,731
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, Hispanic, total 2
Science and engineering, total 1542548573626658754722729672716
Engineering, total666677999611083829096
Chemical1071319713718716
Civil1214116121612998
Electrical17211527263130222230
Mechanical5881314199122112
Other engineering22163034373125213130
Sciences, total 1476482496527562644639647582620
Physical sciences, total79907367695463786564
Astronomy2242321374
Chemistry51594336443446514338
Physics26292629221816231522
Other physical sciences0000000100
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences1381319161621181516
Mathematics16131511202715151512
Computer sciences7761616151414814
Biological sciences114131127131146168175173165178
Agricultural sciences20252113263515261917
Psychology131133146173171208215211175184
Social sciences 19675959798121121112120135
Non-S&E, total 1430482491487540573602579598648
Health24253038323746343032
Humanities 1144168154178208198197208230242
Education222241258218257290303284275323
Professional/other40484953434856536351
Grand total, all fields9721,0301,0641,1131,1981,3271,3241,3081,2701,364
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, Puerto Rican
Science and engineering, total 1112131137142171173184185155193
Engineering, total10101322231723201326
Chemical2244132528
Civil1111512221
Electrical53344311627
Mechanical1113652213
Other engineering13410756567
Sciences, total 1102121124120148156161165142167
Physical sciences, total17262112201122201420
Astronomy0010010001
Chemistry141917913918191111
Physics3733714138
Other physical sciences0000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences1023655534
Mathematics1113472223
Computer sciences1405626514
Biological sciences27283032364347334855
Agricultural sciences10534431647
Psychology24434448567157744549
Social sciences 121142313161421202525
Non-S&E, total 1120126132110142135151144148149
Health3612710711959
Humanities 136383038493731444151
Education70686952727790758879
Professional/other11142113111419161410
Grand total, all fields232257269252313308335329303342
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, Mexican American
Science and engineering, total 1122145151149161223164214187185
Engineering, total12151928183013261817
Chemical1134310403
Civil0272253411
Electrical2439574484
Mechanical0224231643
Other engineering96496145856
Sciences, total 1110130132121143193151188169168
Physical sciences, total12241323152116231616
Astronomy0111010131
Chemistry81981591591777
Physics4447657568
Other physical sciences0000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences2445355555
Mathematics4462367862
Computer sciences1231231423
Biological sciences24302828445441464751
Agricultural sciences46422103645
Psychology42404838495343615651
Social sciences 121202622254135353335
Non-S&E, total 1130163140144145201186201216226
Health8586715161178
Humanities 135423441385949627066
Education74102937990116103115116140
Professional/other1314518101118132312
Grand total, all fields252308291293306424350415403411
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, other Hispanic
Science and engineering, total 1308272285335326358374330330338
Engineering, total44414549556347365953
Chemical74611395955
Civil1111335107366
Electrical1014914172115121219
Mechanical455661164166
Other engineering127221524121482017
Sciences, total 1264231240286271295327294271285
Physical sciences, total50403932342225353528
Astronomy2121301242
Chemistry29211812221019152520
Physics1918191991251766
Other physical sciences0000000100
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences1047117611877
Mathematics1188613146577
Computer sciences513108107557
Biological sciences63736971667187947072
Agricultural sciences61414720221114115
Psychology655054876684115767484
Social sciences 154414662576665576275
Non-S&E, total 1180193219233253237265234234273
Health13141025151519141815
Humanities 173889099121102117102119125
Education7871968795971109471104
Professional/other16202322222319242629
Grand total, all fields488465504568579595639564564611
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, white
Science and engineering, total 113,73013,88313,88713,99613,82814,00313,72013,43912,75111,892
Engineering, total2,0242,0212,0922,2632,2882,1702,1101,8891,7471,474
Chemical295259256274293275286280269223
Civil168199194199220217241194194183
Electrical553548590589579523510443368306
Mechanical328337339392377371335279301227
Other engineering680678713809819784738693615535
Sciences, total 111,70611,86211,79511,73311,54011,83311,61011,55011,00410,418
Physical sciences, total1,9112,0241,9231,8861,8841,9161,8401,6911,6491,544
Astronomy1009711113113212010911510387
Chemistry1,1451,1791,1111,0621,0781,1291,090988974985
Physics656735687684659651630571557460
Other physical sciences1013149151611171512
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences455504464449488464434430396423
Mathematics476479535478479526506464428369
Computer sciences409401450356361412356336322291
Biological sciences3,1443,1053,1153,1703,1583,2463,1283,3083,2533,114
Agricultural sciences438487473442411417398414371357
Psychology2,8032,7292,7222,7442,5232,6452,7022,6052,4532,226
Social sciences 12,0702,1332,1132,2082,2362,2072,2462,3022,1322,094
Non-S&E, total 110,30610,69110,79910,67410,13410,27010,17510,2589,9249,456
Health800867832822828929837961921963
Humanities 13,1053,2753,5143,4833,5233,6043,6163,7043,6223,366
Education4,9605,0414,8484,9404,4584,4064,5054,3654,1994,028
Professional/other1,4411,5081,6051,4291,3251,3311,2171,2281,1821,099
Grand total, all fields24,03624,57424,68624,67023,96224,27323,89523,69722,67521,348
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, men
Science and engineering, total 110,55011,69312,08311,68211,40811,08610,4959,9879,4248,791
Engineering, total2,3492,6052,8222,8632,8202,5932,3972,0811,9611,721
Chemical313302293293332298296282265248
Civil195237257258269239251213203189
Electrical715811851823834713685555493440
Mechanical398484514528483466403341389299
Other engineering728771907961902877762690611545
Sciences, total 18,2019,0889,2618,8198,5888,4938,0987,9067,4637,070
Physical sciences, total1,8092,1642,1331,9611,9101,8511,7241,5461,5181,395
Astronomy8891116114132120911049487
Chemistry9991,1521,0871,0241,0081,004980819822807
Physics712907916815759716647609590495
Other physical sciences10141481111614126
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences384469450428443391373342303305
Mathematics426506588503452471413410370308
Computer sciences400449473423420438387372325324
Biological sciences2,1682,3452,4702,4232,3362,3872,2602,2812,2722,187
Agricultural sciences372456463401395360333336265268
Psychology1,2231,1691,1271,0481,0221,0631,0641,054982914
Social sciences 11,4191,5301,5571,6321,6101,5321,5441,5651,4281,369
Non-S&E, total 15,4395,6805,7925,5215,5105,4825,3985,3125,2074,900
Health260328324293288310329341339337
Humanities 11,8151,9772,0762,0012,2022,2212,2092,2172,1522,069
Education2,3782,3092,2432,2432,0612,0552,0131,9241,8891,792
Professional/other9861,0661,149984959896847830827702
Grand total, all fields15,98917,37317,87517,20316,91816,56815,89315,29914,63113,691
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, men, American Indian/Alaskan Native
Science and engineering, total 125404260455459434237
Engineering, total2491214910457
Chemical1121301012
Civil0001101000
Electrical0111531010
Mechanical0023522211
Other engineering1246045224
Sciences, total 123363348314549393730
Physical sciences, total355510867107
Astronomy1000110010
Chemistry1433663695
Physics1122213102
Other physical sciences0000100000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences4102123400
Mathematics1211111112
Computer sciences0002040112
Biological sciences511101146101086
Agricultural sciences1122571302
Psychology656861312357
Social sciences 1311917441610124
Non-S&E, total 135313841345037332732
Health0121210120
Humanities 171210108141111912
Education21101722182619171216
Professional/other7898697444
Grand total, all fields6071801017910496766969
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, men, Asian/Pacific Islander
Science and engineering, total 11,0702,1642,5482,1051,6401,3751,2171,028956961
Engineering, total465746862762588457428330327313
Chemical55717662614644483449
Civil39657775583241332822
Electrical173272276246217174146108105106
Mechanical90155165149977977566856
Other engineering108183268230155126120859280
Sciences, total 16051,4181,6861,3431,052918789698629648
Physical sciences, total164421539356268230159132128137
Astronomy1918871039612
Chemistry84203269187142134103676576
Physics782072511601198553565749
Other physical sciences1211010000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences14727665513228172517
Mathematics43116158104694436493223
Computer sciences5810010795816768614160
Biological sciences195451511482373366332276287279
Agricultural sciences2052625145292821712
Psychology22324331312934472943
Social sciences 189174190159134121104958077
Non-S&E, total 1208297312285245259258214242197
Health22485247373539363822
Humanities 142828383727982637977
Education58655969527163534643
Professional/other8610211886847474627955
Grand total, all fields1,2782,4612,8602,3901,8851,6341,4751,2421,1981,158
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, men, black
Science and engineering, total 1261282287321329294347319326313
Engineering, total39405555756074576758
Chemical34271027376
Civil368710745119
Electrical13142017271925192112
Mechanical36127111411131613
Other engineering17101317171827171218
Sciences, total 1222242232266254234273262259255
Physical sciences, total31332446402537413538
Astronomy2010110010
Chemistry22251635261733252322
Physics777111374151116
Other physical sciences0100000100
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences4532769336
Mathematics78465967126
Computer sciences287936913510
Biological sciences43336458524150445555
Agricultural sciences121611241815161067
Psychology44463938414337455043
Social sciences 1799380838889109999390
Non-S&E, total 1318270325317307318353323347354
Health18111813151412141216
Humanities 156515453686770706473
Education201162203202171193202186210207
Professional/other43465049534469536158
Grand total, all fields579552612638636612700642673667
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, men, Hispanic, total 2
Science and engineering, total 1320318341353392428360380336339
Engineering, total54606684739760696871
Chemical77111341331429
Civil101110611136878
Electrical14211423202926211926
Mechanical578131118811217
Other engineering18142329272417151921
Sciences, total 1266258275269319331300311268268
Physical sciences, total59695255544341534342
Astronomy2221221263
Chemistry33432929322525302620
Physics24242125201615201119
Other physical sciences0000000100
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences11671311101715613
Mathematics141011111420108108
Computer sciences672914141111412
Biological sciences57698065838999828865
Agricultural sciences151316919228151010
Psychology45434953645657604656
Social sciences 159415854607757676162
Non-S&E, total 1197200201214232255219230233258
Health871516812151099
Humanities 172797285107103909898117
Education9482918793112919991106
Professional/other23322326242823233526
Grand total, all fields517518542567624683579610569597
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, men, Puerto Rican
Science and engineering, total 170727474986988796891
Engineering, total810111719161516915
Chemical2232131303
Civil0111511221
Electrical4334339626
Mechanical1113652211
Other engineering1337442344
Sciences, total 162626357795373635976
Physical sciences, total121912818613101016
Astronomy0000010001
Chemistry913961149987
Physics3632714128
Other physical sciences0000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences1013424514
Mathematics1103342123
Computer sciences0404615514
Biological sciences16142114202024111818
Agricultural sciences7233320324
Psychology1313131520121615914
Social sciences 1129137569131613
Non-S&E, total 151514640555953525457
Health0272335322
Humanities 118161416262014191826
Education25231917212824242626
Professional/other810655810683
Grand total, all fields121123120114153128141131122148
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, men, Mexican American
Science and engineering, total 173879095911369112710381
Engineering, total1013182511279231311
Chemical1123210301
Civil0272141401
Electrical2438273464
Mechanical0224231641
Other engineering74484124634
Sciences, total 16374727080109821049070
Physical sciences, total920920131811201410
Astronomy0101010130
Chemistry61661371251454
Physics3336656566
Other physical sciences0000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences2433244424
Mathematics3342235431
Computer sciences1211231323
Biological sciences13171716223225273020
Agricultural sciences3431273422
Psychology16171518201816222015
Social sciences 1167209172417201715
Non-S&E, total 159747071708472829596
Health3232015224
Humanities 119232121223327273035
Education30384238424535465051
Professional/other7114106557136
Grand total, all fields132161160166161220163209198177
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, men, other Hispanic
Science and engineering, total 1177159177184203223181174165167
Engineering, total36373742435436304645
Chemical4468192825
Civil10823584256
Electrical814811151914111116
Mechanical445631053165
Other engineering10716141981161213
Sciences, total 1141122140142160169145144119122
Physical sciences, total38303127231917231916
Astronomy2120201132
Chemistry18141410149117139
Physics1815151771051435
Other physical sciences0000000100
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences8237549635
Mathematics106769133354
Computer sciences51146105315
Biological sciences28384235413750444027
Agricultural sciences5710514135864
Psychology16132120242625231727
Social sciences 131252538384731342834
Non-S&E, total 1877585103107112949684105
Health53512585553
Humanities 135403748595049525056
Education39213032303932291529
Professional/other811131113158101417
Grand total, all fields264234262287310335275270249272
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, men, white
Science and engineering, total 18,7218,7298,6738,6478,5628,5108,2627,9317,4706,861
Engineering, total1,7641,7161,7711,9151,9561,8631,7581,5551,4291,200
Chemical244211196205241223236213210171
Civil143153160168180172194160143143
Electrical504494523523525470466388334276
Mechanical296311314353344334290246274207
Other engineering577547578666666664572548468403
Sciences, total 16,9577,0136,9026,7326,6066,6476,5046,3766,0415,661
Physical sciences, total1,5231,6161,4761,4561,4721,4671,4441,2721,2541,126
Astronomy7978921011109686897669
Chemistry846872760754773785797665677663
Physics590655613594579577555506489388
Other physical sciences811117109612126
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences345381356340359324307290256263
Mathematics352361409373344376347338308258
Computer sciences326326347295295328285274262232
Biological sciences1,8331,7581,7701,7711,7601,8101,7261,7981,7681,723
Agricultural sciences323367369307293277273278236232
Psychology1,0941,028980909833882913881825746
Social sciences 11,1611,1761,1951,2811,2501,1831,2091,2451,1321,081
Non-S&E, total 14,6194,8184,8434,5774,4374,3754,4164,3744,2093,910
Health208258232212219234257271270283
Humanities 11,6041,7221,8171,7351,8461,8551,9041,8991,8201,720
Education1,9901,9661,8551,8301,6221,5841,6021,5341,4931,363
Professional/other817872939800750702653670626544
Grand total, all fields13,34013,54713,51613,22412,99912,88512,67812,30511,67910,771
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, women
Science and engineering, total 16,0246,4946,9136,9656,9897,1717,0727,1296,9076,688
Engineering, total348448520526512452492491477440
Chemical647888987776751009388
Civil32555247585861486656
Electrical80881201061069181936666
Mechanical36544960555060563844
Other engineering136173211215216177215194214186
Sciences, total 15,6766,0466,3936,4396,4776,7196,5806,6386,4306,248
Physical sciences, total521625708610587604553546527539
Astronomy23212535262726352922
Chemistry401464537439431463426422408420
Physics9413714313412410795838791
Other physical sciences3332676636
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences120144144130164171153167163187
Mathematics164151183145177198192164154134
Computer sciences1099414391100123105869897
Biological sciences1,5841,7431,8591,9411,9201,9211,8641,9871,9691,915
Agricultural sciences134160135174155183161166164152
Psychology1,9381,9672,0572,1852,1072,2112,2292,1772,0501,876
Social sciences 11,1061,1621,1641,1631,2671,3081,3231,3451,3051,348
Non-S&E, total 16,6957,0297,2717,3727,1847,4207,3297,4957,3197,203
Health679722719723740844720854817849
Humanities 11,6961,7881,9802,0462,0332,1062,0832,1752,2242,036
Education3,5903,7573,7523,8323,6913,6903,8013,7483,5603,584
Professional/other730762820771720780725718718734
Grand total, all fields12,71913,52314,18414,33714,17314,59114,40114,62414,22613,891
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, women, American Indian/Alaskan Native
Science and engineering, total 118242635344255453233
Engineering, total0202342420
Chemical0000131100
Civil0001101100
Electrical0001000000
Mechanical0000100100
Other engineering0200010120
Sciences, total 118222633313853413033
Physical sciences, total2131013220
Astronomy0000001100
Chemistry1031012120
Physics1100000000
Other physical sciences0000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences0000113100
Mathematics0010020111
Computer sciences1102101000
Biological sciences25593610776
Agricultural sciences0004020100
Psychology978912182319128
Social sciences 148981481310818
Non-S&E, total 142484250544363485047
Health6573436343
Humanities 13888117109128
Education30272438332439343030
Professional/other3831698246
Grand total, all fields607268858885118938280
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, women, Asian/Pacific Islander
Science and engineering, total 15298171,111974889760715679692699
Engineering, total6111917013411997841099899
Chemical7252518121914211922
Civil24141414651097
Electrical25314630393126332826
Mechanical324231716101116815
Other engineering24356255383128293429
Sciences, total 1468698941840770663631570594600
Physical sciences, total9617721014513210193717464
Astronomy2144130401
Chemistry71128146108927280546151
Physics23476033382613121312
Other physical sciences0100100100
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences8172812191911111014
Mathematics3626493628272021166
Computer sciences19163016262319152026
Biological sciences171268409403348291276263271301
Agricultural sciences92016291818189912
Psychology51767890958498999385
Social sciences 17898121109104100968110192
Non-S&E, total 1195255326310335313305352327327
Health23454140504848637073
Humanities 16467109104107113111113105100
Education84107120111128106103120107110
Professional/other24365655504643564544
Grand total, all fields7241,0721,4371,2841,2241,0731,0201,0311,0191,026
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, women, black
Science and engineering, total 1207216263251286351367391375368
Engineering, total11131519232224242528
Chemical34156145106
Civil2231022104
Electrical2345445214
Mechanical0113101514
Other engineering4365121512111310
Sciences, total 1196203248232263329343367350340
Physical sciences, total10131813113129212026
Astronomy0000102101
Chemistry99171092823191922
Physics0413134113
Other physical sciences1000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences0102125420
Mathematics1312276778
Computer sciences42431895107
Biological sciences32454340607066748467
Agricultural sciences4660648865
Psychology7478110114111115135144124129
Social sciences 1715566587192851049798
Non-S&E, total 1492509586557552642695715681696
Health41354235405145615255
Humanities 1425561637372948810387
Education355359420405382462487507460473
Professional/other54606354575769596681
Grand total, all fields6997258498088389931,0621,1061,0561,064
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, women, Hispanic, total 2
Science and engineering, total 1222230232273266326362349336377
Engineering, total1261115231323132225
Chemical3026304457
Civil2310136120
Electrical3014624134
Mechanical0100311105
Other engineering427510786129
Sciences, total 1210224221258243313339336314352
Physical sciences, total20212112151122252222
Astronomy0021100111
Chemistry181614712921211718
Physics2554221343
Other physical sciences0000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences2266564393
Mathematics2340675754
Computer sciences1047213342
Biological sciences576247666379769177113
Agricultural sciences5125471371197
Psychology869097120107152158151129128
Social sciences 137343743384464455973
Non-S&E, total 1233282290273308318383349365390
Health16181522242531242123
Humanities 17289829310195107110132125
Education128159167131164178212185184217
Professional/other17162627192033302825
Grand total, all fields455512522546574644745698701767
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, women, Puerto Rican
Science and engineering, total 142596368731049610687102
Engineering, total20254184411
Chemical0012001225
Civil1000001000
Electrical1000102001
Mechanical0000000002
Other engineering0013314223
Sciences, total 14059616369103881028391
Physical sciences, total57942591044
Astronomy0010000000
Chemistry56832591034
Physics0101000010
Other physical sciences0000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences0010231020
Mathematics0010130100
Computer sciences1001011000
Biological sciences1114918162323223037
Agricultural sciences3301111323
Psychology11303133365941593635
Social sciences 195106118127912
Non-S&E, total 169758670877698929492
Health3455746637
Humanities 118221622231717252325
Education45455035514966516253
Professional/other341586691067
Grand total, all fields111134149138160180194198181194
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, women, Mexican American
Science and engineering, total 1495861547087738784104
Engineering, total2213734356
Chemical0011100102
Civil0000112010
Electrical0001301020
Mechanical0000000002
Other engineering2201221222
Sciences, total 147566051638469847998
Physical sciences, total3443235326
Astronomy0010000001
Chemistry2322234323
Physics1111001002
Other physical sciences0000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences0012111131
Mathematics1120132431
Computer sciences0020000100
Biological sciences11131112222216191731
Agricultural sciences1211030223
Psychology26233320293527393636
Social sciences 151361381718151620
Non-S&E, total 17189707375117114119121130
Health535471411954
Humanities 116191320162622354031
Education44645141487168696689
Professional/other631846136106
Grand total, all fields120147131127145204187206205234
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, women, other Hispanic
Science and engineering, total 1131113108151123135193156165171
Engineering, total8487129116138
Chemical3003203130
Civil1310023110
Electrical2013221113
Mechanical0100311101
Other engineering2061543284
Sciences, total 1123109100144111126182150152163
Physical sciences, total1210851138121612
Astronomy0001100110
Chemistry1174281881211
Physics1342220331
Other physical sciences0000000000
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences2244222242
Mathematics1210413223
Computer sciences0026202242
Biological sciences35352736253437503045
Agricultural sciences1742696651
Psychology49373367425890535757
Social sciences 123162124191934233441
Non-S&E, total 193118134130146125171138150168
Health8115131071491312
Humanities 138485351625268506969
Education39506655655878655675
Professional/other8910119811141212
Grand total, all fields224231242281269260364294315339
U.S. citizens or permanent residents, women, white
Science and engineering, total 15,0095,1545,2145,3495,2665,4935,4585,5085,2815,031
Engineering, total260305321348332307352334318274
Chemical51486069525250675952
Civil25463431404547345140
Electrical49546766545344553430
Mechanical32262539333745332720
Other engineering103131135143153120166145147132
Sciences, total 14,7494,8494,8935,0014,9345,1865,1065,1744,9634,757
Physical sciences, total388408447430412449396419395418
Astronomy21191930222423262718
Chemistry299307351308305344293323297322
Physics66807490807475656872
Other physical sciences2232575536
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences110123108109129140127140140160
Mathematics124118126105135150159126120111
Computer sciences837510361668471626059
Biological sciences1,3111,3471,3451,3991,3981,4361,4021,5101,4851,391
Agricultural sciences115120104135118140125136135125
Psychology1,7091,7011,7421,8351,6901,7631,7891,7241,6281,480
Social sciences 19099579189279861,0241,0371,0571,0001,013
Non-S&E, total 15,6875,8735,9566,0975,6975,8955,7595,8845,7155,546
Health592609600610609695580690651680
Humanities 11,5011,5531,6971,7481,6771,7491,7121,8051,8021,646
Education2,9703,0752,9933,1102,8362,8222,9032,8312,7062,665
Professional/other624636666629575629564558556555
Grand total, all fields10,69611,02711,17011,44610,96311,38811,21711,39210,99610,577
U.S. citizens
Science and engineering, total 114,93315,16615,48715,63816,11616,23815,91415,70115,05514,313
Engineering, total2,2282,2152,3862,5962,7392,5662,4862,2202,1401,890
Chemical324293291318321328333339329302
Civil168203206212249246261221222208
Electrical630634683708753638639531465423
Mechanical347359383436456434398341385286
Other engineering759726823922960920855788739671
Sciences, total 112,70512,95113,10113,04213,37713,67213,42813,48112,91512,423
Physical sciences, total2,0932,1982,1372,0782,1312,1412,0351,8901,8611,773
Astronomy106103120137151132111127119104
Chemistry1,2721,2911,2381,1701,2341,2881,2561,1191,1271,134
Physics704789764762731705657625602524
Other physical sciences1115159151611191311
Earth, atmospheric, & ocean
sciences463507478462537500475474430456
Mathematics496504554490530576