graduation project-1 seminar- 2: phases and project 1 guide academic year: 1433-1434 / 2012-2013...
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GRADUATION PROJECT-1
SEMINAR- 2: Phases and Project 1 Guide
Academic Year: 1433-1434 / 2012-2013Semester I
1. Introduction for the categories and Applications types
2. Project 1 Guide3. User requirements and System Specifications
AGENDA
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•Applications designed for mobile devices.•Rich client applications designed to run primarily on a client PC.•Rich Internet applications designed to be deployed from the Internet, which support rich UI and media scenarios.•Service applications designed to support communication between loosely coupled components.•Web applications designed to run primarily on the server in fully connected scenarios.
Introduction for the categories and Applications types
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1. Explains tasks you need to work on so that you successfully complete your project
2. Lists the phases need to be completed by the end of this semester
3. Explains the sections to be included in the project documentations
Project 1 Guide
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User requirements and System Specifications
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PROJECT-TEAM ASSIGNEMENTPROCEDURE
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User Requirements and System
Specifications
AnalysisConceptual
Model + Use Cases
Design Diagrams: Sequence
diagrams and Class design
diagrams
Conclusion
Object-Oriented Software EngineeringVisual OO Analysis and Design
Practical Software Development
http://www.site.uottawa.ca/school/research/lloseng/supportMaterial
OO Analysis and Design
OO Analysis expresses Requirements and Specs expressed as Population of interacting objects of a
system as opposed to The traditional data or functional
views.
A View of the Two paradigms
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
Chapter 2: Review of Object Orientation
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See in Umple
OO vs Structured Analysis ♦Structured Analysis (still in use today)
−Divide and Conquer - At the function level
♦Object-Oriented Analysis (still growing) −Partition - At the level of concepts (objects)
Analysis vs Design Analysis stage: - focus on high-level specification that - Describes what the system is supposed to do.
Design specification: - focus on how the system should be constructed to
satisfy these requirements.
Types of Software Real time software
E.g. control and monitoring systems Must react immediately Safety often a concern
Data processing software Used to run businesses Accuracy and security of data are key
Some software has both aspects
Requirements Document A system is a set of components that interact to solve a
problem. System structure describes the system’s objects and their
interrelationships. System behavior describes how the system changes as its
objects interact with one another. Every system has both structure and behavior—designers
must specify both.
Chapter 1: Software and Software Engineering14
Activities Common to Software Projects
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
Programming Quality assurance
Reviews and inspections Testing
Deployment Managing the process
ModelingCreating representations of the domain or the software
Use case modelingStructural modelingDynamic and behavioral modeling
Activities Common to Software Projects Design
Deciding how the requirements should be implemented, using the available technology
Includes: Systems engineering: Deciding what should be in
hardware and what in software Software architecture: Dividing the system into
subsystems and deciding how the subsystems will interact
Detailed design of the internals of a subsystem User interface design Design of databases
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
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Modeling
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
1. Use Case -What are the domain processes ? −Use Case Diagram, high-level/expanded, essential/real
2. Conceptual Model -What are the domain concepts, terms ? −Class Diagram (conceptual), ♦classes, associations, attributes
3. Sequence Diagram -What are the system events and operations ? −Interaction Diagram -Sequence Diagram
4. Communication Diagrams -What do the system operations do ?
Use Cases Use case diagrams are the starting point for
UML-based software development
Conceptual models
Must identify: Concepts, objects in our system, Associations between concepts: is part of, contains, manages, is-a, … Attributes of concepts
Should not contain design information; e.g. methods.
Better to over specify then under specify
Concepts v/s attributes: when in doubt make it a concept
Specification/Description concept: when keeping records
Interaction diagrams
Model the dynamic aspects of a software system
Visualize how the system runs.
Built from a use case and a class diagram.
Show how a set of objects accomplish the required interactions with an actor.
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
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Elements found in interaction diagrams
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
Instances of classes Shown as boxes with the class and object identifier
underlined
Actors Use the stick-person symbol as in use case diagrams
Messages Shown as arrows from actor to object, or from object to
object
Interactions and messages Show how a set of actors and objects
communicate with each other to perform: The steps of a use case, or The steps of some other piece of functionality.
The set of steps, taken together, is called an interaction.
Can show several different types of communication. E.g. method calls, messages send over the network These are all referred to as messages.
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
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Creating interaction diagrams
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
Needs a conceptual Model and a use case model before starting to create an interaction diagram.
There are two kinds of interaction diagrams:
Sequence diagrams
Communication diagrams
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
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Sequence diagrams
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
Shows the sequence of messages exchanged by the set of objects performing a certain task
The objects are arranged horizontally across the diagram. An actor that initiates the interaction is often shown on the
left. The vertical dimension represents time.
A vertical line, called a lifeline, is attached to each object or actor.
The lifeline becomes a broad box, called an activation box during the live activation period. A message is represented as an arrow between activation
boxes of the sender and receiver. A message is labelled and can have an argument list and a
return value.
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Sequence diagrams
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
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Communication diagrams
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
Communication diagrams emphasise how the objects collaborate in order to realize an interaction A communication diagram is a graph with the
objects as the vertices. Communication links are added between objects Messages are attached to these links.
Shown as arrows labelled with the message name Time ordering is indicated by prefixing the
message with some numbering scheme.
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
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Communication diagrams and patterns
A communication diagram can be used to represent aspects of a design pattern
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
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Sequence OR Communication diagram
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
Sequence diagrams Make explicit the time ordering of the interaction.
Use cases make time ordering explicit too So sequence diagrams are a natural choice when you
build an interaction model from a use case.
Make it easy to add details to messages. Communication diagrams have less space for this
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
29 © Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
Communication diagrams (Collaboration Diagrams)
Can be seen as a projection of the class diagram Might be preferred when you are deriving an interaction
diagram from a class diagram.
Are also useful for validating class diagrams.
Sequence OR Communication diagram
DFDs OR Activity Diagrams Squares representing external entities, which are
sources or destinations of data.
Rounded rectangles representing processes, which take data as input, do something to it, and output it.
Arrows representing the data flows, which can either be electronic data or physical items.
Open-ended rectangles representing data stores, including electronic stores such as databases or XML files and physical stores such as or filing cabinets or stacks of paper.
• The DFD is an excellent communication tool for analysts to model processes and functional requirements• Alone, however, it has limited usability. It is simple and easy to understand by users
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
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Activity Diagrams
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
An activity diagram is like a transitions are caused by internal events, such as the completion of a computation.
Can be used to understand the flow of work that an object or component performs.
Can also be used to visualize the interrelation and interaction between different use cases.
Is most often associated with several classes.
One of the strengths of activity diagrams is the representation of concurrent activities.
Chapter 8: Modelling Interactions and Behaviour
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Activity diagrams – an example
© Lethbridge/Laganière 2005
Class Diagram
Class Diagram
Object Diagram
Packages and importingA package combines related classes into subsystems
All the classes in a particular directory
Classes in different packages can have the same name
Although not recommended
Importing a package is done as follows:import finance.banking.accounts.*;
Key ConceptsAbstraction
Object -> something in the world Class -> objects Superclass -> subclasses Operation -> methods Attributes and associations -> instance variables
Modularity Code can be constructed entirely of classes
Encapsulation Details can be hidden in classes This gives rise to information hiding:
Programmers do not need to know all the details of a class
Thank you for your patience?!!!
Thank you..
Good Luck!Any Questions ?
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