graham hancock on gunung padang

7/23/2019 Graham Hancock on Gunung Padang

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FROM INDONESIA TO TURKEY NEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES UNCOVER THE MYSTERIES OF

A LOST CIVILISATION

New original feature article by GRAHAM HANCOCK, 10 January 2014

[NB The artist's impression of Gunung Padang as it would have looked in antiquity is attachedherewith by and courtesy of architect Pon S Purajatnika]

Everything weve been taught about the origins of civilization may be wrong, says Danny

Natawidjaja, PhD, senior geologist with the Research Centre for Geotechnology at the Indonesian

Institute of Sciences. Old stories about Atlantis and other a great lost civilizations of prehistory, long

dismissed as myths by archaeologists, look set to be proved true.

Im climbing with Dr Natawidjaja upthe steep slope of a 300-ft high step-pyramid set amidst a

magical landscape of volcanoes, mountains and jungles interspersed with paddy fields and tea

plantations a hundred miles from the city of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia.

The pyramid has been known to archaeology since 1914 when megalithic structures formed from

blocks of columnar basalt were found scattered amongst the dense trees and undergrowth that then

covered its summit. Local people held the site to be sacred and called it Gunung Padang, the name it

still goes by today, which means Mountain of Light, or Mountain of Enlightenment, in the local

Sundanese language. The summit, where the megaliths were found arranged across five terraces had

been used as a place of meditation and retreat since time immemorial, archaeologists were told, and

again this remains true today.

However neither the archaeologists, nor apparently the locals realized the pyramid was a pyramid. It

was believed to be a natural hill, somewhat modified by human activity, until Natawidjaja and his

team began a geological survey here in 2011. By then the summit had long since been cleared and

the megalithic terraces recognized to be ancient and man-made, but no radiocarbon dating was ever

done and the previously accepted age of the siteabout 1,500 to 2,500 BC -- was based on

guesswork rather than on excavations.

The first scientific radiocarbon dating was done by Natawidjaja himself on soils underlying the

megaliths at or near the surface. The dates producedaround 500 to 1,500 BCwere very close to

the archaeological guesswork and caused no controversy. However a surprise was in store as

Natawidjaja and his team extended their investigation using tubular drills that brought up cores of

earth and stone from much deeper levels.

First the drill cores contained evidencefragments of columnar basaltthat man-made megalithic

structures lay far beneath the surface. Secondly the organic materials brought up in the drill cores

began to yield older and older dates3,000 BC to 5,000 BC, then 9,600 BC as the drills bit deeper,

then around 11,000 BC, then, 15,000 BC and finally at depths of 90 feet and more an astonishing

sequence of dates of 20,000 BC to 22,000 BC and earlier.

This was not at all what my colleagues in the world of archaeology expected or wanted to hear says

Natawidjaja, who earned his PhD at Cal Tech in the United States and who, it becomes apparent,

regards archaeology as a thoroughly unscientific discipline.

The problem is that those dates from 9,600 BC and earlier belong to the period that archaeologistscall the Upper Palaeolithic and take us back deep into the last Ice Age when Indonesia was not a


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series of islands as it is today but was part of a vast southeast Asian continent dubbed Sundaland by

geologists.

Sea level was 400 feet lower then because huge ice caps two miles deep covered most of Europe and

North America. But as the ice caps began to melt all the water stored in them returned to the oceans

and sea-level rose, submerging many parts of the world where humans had previously lived. ThusBritain was joined to Europe during the Ice Age (there was no English Channel or North Sea). Likewise

there was no Red Sea, no Persian Gulf, Sri Lanka was joined to southern India, Siberia was joined to

Alaska, Australia was joined to New Guineaand so on and so forth. It was during this epoch of sea-

level rise, sometimes slow and continuous, sometimes rapid and cataclysmic, that the Ice Age

continent of Sundaland was submerged with only the Malaysian Peninsula and the Indonesian islands

as we know them today high enough to remain above water.

The established archaeological view of the state of human civilization until the end of the last Ice Age

about 9,600 BC was that our ancestors were primitive hunter gatherers incapable of any form of

civilization or architectural feats. In the following millennia settled agriculture was very gradually

developed and perfected. Around 4,000 BC the increasing sophistication of economic and socialstructures, and growing organizational abilities, made possible the creation of the earliest megalithic

sites (such as Gigantija on the Maltese island of Gozo for example) while the first true cities emerged

around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia and soon afterwards in Egypt. In the British Isles Callanish in the

Outer Hebrides and Avebury in southwest England, both dated to around 3,000 BC, are the oldest

examples of true megalithic sites. The megalithic phase of Stonehenge is thought to have begun

around 2,400 BC and to have continued to around 1,800 BC.

Within this well worked out and long-established chronology there is no place for any prehistoric

civilization such as Atlantis. But interestingly the Greek philosopher Plato, whose dialogue of Timias

and Critias contains the earliest surviving mention of the fabled sunken kingdom, dates the

catastrophic destruction and submergence of Atlantis by floods and earthquakes to 9,000 years

before the time of Solon i.e. to 9,600 BC, the end of the last Ice Age. Since the Greeks had no

access to modern scientific knowledge about the Ice Age and its rapidly rising sea levels (often

accompanied by cataclysmic earthquakes as the weight of the melting ice caps was removed from the

continental landmasses) the date Plato gives is, to say the least, an uncanny coincidence.

In Danny Natawidjajas view, however, it is no coincidence at all. His research at Gunung Padang has

convinced him that Plato was right about the existence of a high civilization in the depths of the last

Ice Agea civilization that was indeed brought to a cataclysmic end involving floods and earthquakes

in an epoch of great global instability between 10,900 BC and 9,600 BC.

This epoch, which geologists call the Younger Dryas has long been recognized as mysterious and

tumultuous. In 10,900 BC, when it began, the earth had been emerging from the Ice Age for roughly

10,000 years, global temperatures were rising steadily and the ice caps were melting. Then there was

a sudden dramatic return to colder conditionseven colder than at the peak of the Ice Age 21,000

years ago. This short, sharp deep freeze lasted for 1,300 years until 9,600 BC when the warming

trend resumed, global temperatures shot up again and the remaining ice caps melted very suddenly

dumping all the water they contained into the oceans.

It is difficult, Natawidjaja says, for us to imagine what life on earth must have been like during the

Younger Dryas. It was a truly cataclysmic period of immense climate instability and terrible, indeed

terrifying, global conditions. Its not surprising that many large animal species, such as themammoths, went extinct during this precise time and of course it had huge effects on our ancestors,


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not just those primitive hunter gatherers the archaeologists speak of but also, I believe, a high

civilization that was wiped from the historical record by the upheavals of the Younger Dryas.

What has brought Natawidjaja to this radical view is the evidence he and his team have uncovered at

Gunung Padang. When their drill cores began to yield very ancient carbon dates from clays filling the

gaps between worked stones they expanded their investigation using geophysical equipmentgroundpenetrating radar, seismic tomography and electrical resistivityto get a picture of what lay under

the ground. The results were stunning, showing layers of massive construction using the same

megalithic elements of columnar basalt that are found on the surface but with courses of huge

basaltic rocks beneath them extending down to 100 feet and more beneath the surface. At those

depths the carbon dates indicate that the megaliths were put in place more than 10,000 years ago

and in some cases as far back as 24,000 years ago.

Columnar basalt does form naturallythe famous Giants Causeway in Northern Ireland is an example

but at Gunung Padang it has been used as a building material and is laid out in a form never found

in nature.

The geophysical evidence is unambiguous, Natawidjaja says. Gunung Padang is not a natural hill

but a man-made pyramid and the origins of construction here go back long before the end of the last

Ice Age. Since the work is massive even at the deepest levels, and bears witness to the kinds of

sophisticated construction skills that were deployed to build the pyramids of Egypt or the largest

megalithic sites of Europe, I can only conclude that were looking at the work of a lost civilization and

a fairly advanced one.

The archaeologists wont like that, I point out.

They dont! Natawidjaja agrees with a rueful smile. Ive already got myself into a lot of hot water

with this. My case is a solid one, based on good scientific evidence, but its not an easy one. Im up

against deeply entrenched beliefs.

The next step will be a full-scale archaeological excavation. We haveto excavate in order to

interrogate our remote sensing data and our carbon dating sequences and either to confirm or deny

what we believe weve found here, says Natawidjaja, but unfortunately theres a lot of obstacles in

our way.

When I ask what he means by obstacles he replies that some senior Indonesian archaeologists are

lobbying the government in Jakarta to prevent him from doing any further work at Gunung Padang on

the grounds that they know the site is less than 5,000 years old and see no justification fordisturbing it.

I dont deny that the megaliths at the surface are less than 5,000 years old, Natawidjaja hastens to

add, but I suggest they were put here because Gunung Padang has been recognized as a sacred

place since time immemorial. Its the deepest layers of the structure at between 12,000 and more

than 20,000 years old that are the most important. They have potentially revolutionary implications

for our understanding of history and I think its vital that we be allowed to investigate them properly.

Gunung Padang is not the only ancient site that raises huge question marks over the story

archaeologists tell us about our past. On the other side of the world, in southeastern Turkey, another

man-made hill has been excavated during the past decade, this time by Professor Klaus Schmidt ofthe German Archaeological Institute. The site, called Gobekli Tepe (which means Potbellied Hill in


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the local Kurdish language) consists of a series of immense megalithic stone circles on the scale of

Stonehenge and was deliberately buried (creating the appearance of a hill) around 8,000 BC by the

mysterious ancient people who made it. The circles themselves date back to 9,600 BC, however, with

the oldest work being the best. At least twenty further circles on a similar scale, identified by ground

penetrating radar, are still deeply buried. Some of these, Klaus Schmidt told me when I visited Gobekli

Tepe in September 2013, are likely to be much older than those already excavated.

At 7,000 or more years older than Stonehenge the megaliths of Gobekli Tepe, like the deeply buried

megaliths of Gunung Padang mean that the timeline of history taught in our schools and universities

for the best part of the last hundred years can no longer stand. It is beginning to look as though

civilization, as I argued in my controversial 1995 bestseller Fingerprints of the Gods, is indeed much

older and much more mysterious than we thought.

In essence what I proposed in that book was that an advanced civilization had been wiped out and

lost to history in a global cataclysm at the end of the last Ice Age. I suggested there were survivors

who settled at various locations around the world and attempted to pass on their superior knowledge,

including knowledge of agriculture, to hunter-gatherer peoples who had also survived the cataclysm.Indeed even today we have populations of hunter gatherers, in the Kalahari Desert, for instance, and

in the Amazon jungle, who co-exist with our advanced technological cultureso we should not be

surprised that equally disparate levels of civilization might have co-existed in the past.

What I could not do when I wrote Fingerprints, because the evidence was not then available, was

identify the exact nature of the cataclysm that had wiped out my hypothetical lost civilization, and this

absence of a specific smoking gun was one of the many aspects of my argument that was heavily

criticized by archaeologists. Since 2007, however, masses of scientific evidence have come to light

that have identified the smoking gun for me in the form of a comet that broke into multiple fragments

now known to have hit the earth 12,980 years ago. The impacts (some on the North American ice

cap, some elsewhere) caused floods and tidal waves and threw a vast cloud of dust into the upper

atmosphere that enshrouded the entire earth for more than a thousand years, preventing the suns

rays from reaching the surface, and setting off the Younger Dryas deep freeze.

I believe it is possible that Gobekli Tepe may prove to be the work of the survivors of a great

civilization lost during the Younger Dryas (interestingly the so-called origins of agriculture have been

traced back by archaeologists to the vicinity of Gobekli Tepe and to the exact period in which Gobekli

Tepe was created). But it is to Gunung Padang that I now look for a possibly even more stunning

confirmation of my theory. Danny Natawidjajas geological survey has revealed not only deeply buried

massive constructions and very ancient carbon dates at Gunung Padang but also the presence of

three hidden chambers, so rectilinear in form that they are most unlikely to be natural. The largest ofthese lies at a depth of between 70 and 90 feet beneath the summit of the pyramid and measures

approximately 18 feet high, 45 feet long and 30 feet wide.

Could it be the fabled Hall of Records of Atlantis? If Dr Natawidjajas geological excavation is allowed

to proceed, despite strenuous attempts by local archaeologists to prevent it, then we should know the

answer to that question, one way or another, by the end of 2014.

Note: GRAHAM HANCOCK is working on a sequel to Fingerprints of the Gods, provisionally titled

Magicians of the Gods, to be published in October 2015 by Coronet in the UK, by Saint Martin's Press

in the US, by Kadokokawa Shoten in Japan and by Corbaccio in Italy. Graham Hancocks website

iswww.grahamhancock.com.A more fully illustrated version of this article, with multiple photographs,will be published on grahamhancock.com next week.
http://www.grahamhancock.com/http://www.grahamhancock.com/http://www.grahamhancock.com/http://www.grahamhancock.com/

graham hancock on gunung padang

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