grammar and beyond workbook 2 answer key -...

Grammar and Beyond Workbook 2 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2012Photocopiable 1

GrammarandBeyondWorkbook2 AnswerKey

Unit 1 Simple PresentAreYouOftenOnline?

Simple Present

1 page 22. don’t/donotlive3. live4. aren’t/arenot5. stays6. communicates7. sends

8. don’t/donotgo 9. are10. don’t/donottravel11. sees12. see13. miss

2 A pages 2–3Possible answers3. HowmanychildrendoBenandEllenhave?;Theyhave

threechildren.4. Whopracticesyoga?;Napracticesyoga.5. WhatdoesBendotwiceaweek?;Heswimstwice

aweek.6. DoesNalikerealityshows?;Yes,shedoes.

B page 3Answers will vary.

3 A page 4Possible answers3. LisaandTomoftenreadthenewsonline.4. HowoftendoLisaandTomwatchTVprogramsonline?5. Erichardlyeverpaysbillsonline.6. HowoftendoesEricreadthenewsonline?7. TatianaseldomwatchesTVprogramsonline.8. HowoftendoesTatianacomparepricesonline?


Time Clauses and Factual Conditionals

1 page 52. before3. If4. Assoonas5. when

6. After7. Before8. while

2 page 62. TedandAnawantthebestprices,theycompareprices

atdifferentsites;TedandAnacomparepricesatdifferentsites;theywantthebestprices

3. Stacydoesn’t/doesnotneedaproductquickly,shedoesn’tpayextraforfastshipping;Stacydoesn’tpayextraforfastshipping;shedoesn’tneedaproductquickly

4. Davidisn’t/isnotsureaboutaproduct,hereadsthereturnpolicyfirst;Davidreadsthereturnpolicyfirst;heisn’tsureaboutaproduct

5. Billdoesn’t/doesnothaveenoughinformation,hecallsthestore;Billcallsthestore;hedoesn’thaveenoughinformation

6. Karenusesacreditcard,shemakessurethesiteissecure;Karenmakessurethesiteissecure;sheusesacreditcard

3 page 6Answers will vary

Avoid Common Mistakes

1 page 7 2. b3. b4. b5. b

6. b7. a8. a

2 page 7

I’macommunitycollegestudent,butIamn’tina

classroom.Idoesn’tlivenearthecollegecampus.WhereI

dotakemyclasses?Theyareallonline,soItakeclassesat

homeonmycomputer.Assoonasoneofmyteachersposts

alessononlineIgetane-mailabouttheassignment.When

IfinishtheassignmentIsendmyhomeworktomyteacher

inane-mail.Shedon’tusuallyseeherstudents,butshe

interactswithusonline.

Idon’tsometimesunderstandanassignment,soItalkto

heronline.Wealsohaveadiscussionboardwherewepost

commentstootherstudents.Ireallydoesn’tmissgoingto

classesoncampus.Thisissomuchmorepeaceful!Iamn’t

sotiredafterclassthisway.

Self-Assessment pages 8–9

1. c2. b3. c

4. a5. b6. a

7. c8. a9. b

10. a11. c12. c

13. b14. b15. a

I’m not

don’tdo I

^,

^,

doesn’t

Sometimes, I don’t

don’t

I’m not


Unit 2 Present Progressive and Simple PresentBrainpower

Present Progressive

1 page 102. arestudying3. aresending4. isproducing5. isgrowing

6. aremaking7. areimproving8. areexercising

2 pages 10–11Possible answers2. IsYeseniaeatingbreakfast;Yes,sheis.3. IsYeseniawalkingtowork?;Yes,sheis.4. IsYeseniawatchingTVintheevenings?;No,sheisn’t.5. IsYeseniadoingcrosswordpuzzles?;Yes,sheis.6. What’s/WhatisYeseniadoingbeforebed?;She’s

brushingherteeth.

3 page 112. IamlearningPortuguese.3. GlennandBrucearewritingwiththeiroppositehands.4. Gregisdrivingonadifferentroadtowork.5. IngridandIareplayingboardgames.6. Natalyaisstudyingyogaandmeditation.7. LuisisplayingBingothesedays.8. DustinandSharonarereadingalotmore.9. Weareenjoyingournewhobbies.

4 page 12Answers will vary.

Simple Present and Present Progressive Compared

1 A page 122. islearning3. speak4. want5. talks6. uses

7. aregetting 8. sings 9. sing10. isreading11. agree

B pages 12–13Possible answers2. ShespeaksSpanishtoSofia.3. WhatdoesDiegospeaktoSofia?4. PaulaandDiegoaregettingherreadyforbed.5. WhatdoesDiegooftendo?6. SheisreadingSofiaastoryinSpanish.7. Doscientistsagreethatthesearegoodwaysforchildren

tolearntwolanguages?

2 page 132. is3. want4. islooking5. isthinking

6. knows7. wants8. believe9. love


1 page 132. b3. a4. a5. a

6. b7. a8. b

2 page 14

Areyoubehavedifferentlythanyounormallydo?Are

youexperiencingsuddenchangesinmoodnow?Areyou

havingtroublewithdecisions?Areyouwantingsomeone

elsetomakedecisionsforyou?Ifyouansweryestothese

questions,maybeyourmemory^gettingworse.Doctorsare

thinkingafewsimplechangesinlifestylecanhelpimprove

yourmemory.It^workingforJoeJones.Thesedays,heiseat

morefruitandvegetables.He^sleepingmorethanbefore.

Also,heisenjoinglifemore.Heoftenconnectswithfriends

onsocialnetworkingsites.Heis63yearsold,andhisbrain

andbodyareinexcellentcondition.


1. c2. b3. c

4. a5. b6. b

7. c8. a9. c

10. a11. c12. b

13. a14. c15. c

Unit 3 ImperativesWhat’sAppropriate?

Imperatives

1 page 163. Dress4. Don’t/Donotforget5. Be6. Listen

7. Don’t/Donotchew 8. Ask 9. Thank10. Send

behaving

Do you want

is

think

is eating

is

enjoying


2 page 17 2. Beforeyourchildusesthesite,talkaboutcyberbullying

withhimorher. 3. Whenyourchildpostsaphoto,checkthatitdoesn’t

showpersonalinformation. 4. Ifyouareworriedaboutyourchild’ssafety,buyanapp

thatmonitorshimorher. 5. Whenyourchildreadsgossip,explainthatgossipcan

hurtpeople. 6. Ifyouseesomethinginappropriateonyourchild’s

page,talktoyourchildaboutit.


Let’s . . .

1 page 182. let’snotarrive3. Let’swrap4. Let’suse

5. Let’snotforget6. Let’seat

2 page 18 2. Let’sfindasiteforourblog. 3. Let’sreadtheblogsite’sguidelines. 4. Let’swriteanentryeveryweek. 5. Let’staketurnsrespondingtocomments. 6. Let’snotmakegrammarorspellingmistakes. 7. Let’scheckcommentsforinappropriatelanguage. 8. Let’snotgivepersonalinformation. 9. Let’smakeasurveyfortheblog.10. Let’snotwriteentriesthataretoolong.


1 page 192. b3. c4. a5. b

6. c7. a8. b

2 page 19

Americancollegestudentsoftenbehaveveryinformally.

However,donotthinkthattherearenorulesincollege

classrooms.Letsrememberthesesuggestionsforapositive

experienceinyourclasses.Dontcomelatetoclass.Ifyou

can’tgettoclassontime,changetoadifferentclasstime.

Also,donotleavetheclassroombeforeclassisover.Ifyou

havetoleave,tellyourteacherbeforehand.Notalkwhile

theprofessoristalking.Yourclassmateswanttohear

thelectureandtheinstructionsforanyassignments.No

answeryourcellphoneinclass.Remembertoputyourcell

phoneonvibrate.Someprofessorsallowdrinksinclass,

butdonoteatintheclassroom.Finally,ifyouarenotsureif

abehaviorisappropriatefortheclassroom,dontdoit.Ask

theprofessorbeforeorafterclassifitisOK.


1. b2. c3. c

4. a5. c6. b

7. a8. c9. b

10. b11. a12. a

13. c14. a15. b

Unit 4 Simple PastEntrepreneurs

Simple Past

1 page 22Regular Verbs2. design;designed3. employ;employed4. move;moved5. start;started

6. study;studied7. try;tried8. work;worked

Irregular Verbs2. begin;began3. find;found4. get;got5. go;went

6. leave;left7. meet;met8. teach;taught

2 page 222. attended3. graduated4. did;study5. majored

6. changed7. didn’t/didnotlike8. wanted

3 page 233. Howoldwerethey?;Theywere12and15yearsold.4. Wheredidtheylive?;TheylivedinDenver,Colorado.5. DidEliseandEvanselltofamilyandfriends?;Yes,they

did.6. DidElisedesignthecompanywebsite?;No,shedidn’t.

Simple Past of Be and There Was / There Were

1 page 242. were3. was4. wasn’t5. was6. wasn’t

7. was 8. was 9. weren’t10. was

do not

Let’s

Don’t

do not

Don’t

Don’t

do not

don’t


2 A pages 24–252. therewere3. therewas4. therewas5. therewere6. thereweren’t

7. Therewere8. therewasn’t9. therewas

B page 252. Wasthere;Yes,therewas.3. Werethere;No,thereweren’t.4. Werethere;Yes,therewere.5. Wasthere;Yestherewas.


1 pages 25–262. b3. b4. c5. a

6. c7. a8. b

2 page 26

TelevisionpersonalityRachaelRaygrowuparound

food.HerfamilyownedseveralrestaurantsinCapeCod,

Massachusetts,andlaterhermotherworksasafood

supervisorforsomerestaurantsinupstateNewYork.

Rachaelalsohadseveraljobsinthefoodindustry.Onejob

wasinagourmetgrocerystoreinAlbany,NewYork.She

noticedthatpeopledidn’tboughtmanygroceriesbecause

theydidn’twantedtocook.Theywereworkingpeople,and

thereweren’tenoughtimeintheirbusydayforcooking.

Rachaelstartedcookingclasses.Intheseclasses,Rachael

cookedmealsinthirtyminutes.Theclasseswerevery

popular.^Shewrotein1999herfirstcookbook^.There

wasmanymorecookbooksafterthat.Thecookbookswere

popularbecausetherecipeswerequickandeasytomake.

Shein2001appearedonNBC’sToday Show^.Thepresident

oftheFoodNetworkseesRachaelandgaveherashowon

thenetwork.Shebecameabigstar.


1. b2. a3. b

4. c5. c6. b

7. c8. a9. b

10. a11. c12. c

13. a14. b15. b

Unit 5 Simple Past, Time Clauses, Used To, and WouldScienceandSociety

Time Clauses and the Order of Past Events

1 page 282. shethoughtofideas,shewrotethemdown3. shetalkedtoherfriends,shewroteaboutheridea4. shedescribedherideatofriends,shegotfeedbackfrom

them5. Shethoughtofanameforherinvention;shewrotethe

instructionsformakingit6. ShesearchedforsimilarideasontheInternet;she

realizedthatherideawasunique

2 page 292. UntiltheIndustrialRevolution,mostpeoplelivedon

farms.3. Beforenewmachinesmadeclothinginfactories,people

madetheirownclothing.4. Afterpeopleinventedthesemachines,workersmade

productsfasterthanbefore.5. Assoonasthefactoriesproducedthesamegoods,

peopledidn’tmaketheirownthings.6. Assoonasentrepreneursbuiltmorefactories,they

neededmoreworkers.7. Whenpeoplemovedtothecities,thecitiesgrew

quickly.

3 A page 301;4;2;3;5


Past with Used To and Would

1 page 302. usedtolove3. usedtolive4. usedtobe5. would;wait

6. usedtobe7. usedtoknow8. usedtohave

2 page 312. took/usedtotake;didn’t/didnottakeordidn’t/didnot

usedtotake3. waited/usedtowait/wouldwait;didn’t/didnotsee4. slept/usedtosleep/wouldsleep;loved


grew

worked

buy

want

wasn’t

In 1999, she or in 1999

were

In 2001, she or in 2001

saw



1 page 322. b3. c4. a5. a

6. a7. c8. a

2 page 32

HowdidpeopleusedtolivebeforeThomasEdison

inventedtheincandescentelectriclightbulb?Forone

thing,itwasn’tverysafetotravelafterdark.Whenitgot

dark,businessesusetoclose.Peoplewouldusecandles

when^neededlightathome.However,candlesburned

quickly,sopeopleusedthemcarefully.Asaresult,people

didn’tusedtostayuplate.Theywenttobedsoonafter

sundown.Beforethelightbulbbecamepopular,peopleuse

tosleep9to10hoursanight.After^becamemoreavailable,

peopleonlygotaround6hoursofsleep.Anotherchange

isthatbeforeelectriclights,peopledidn’tusedtopay

electricbills.Nowtheydo.Overall,electriclightsareavery

welcomeandusefulinvention.


1. c2. b3. c

4. a5. c6. b

7. c8. a9. b

10. b11. a12. c

13. a14. b15. b

Unit 6 Past ProgressiveMemorableEvents

Past Progressive

1 page 342. weregathering3. wasforming4. werehoping5. weremeeting

6. wereexpecting7. werecheering8. wasgiving

2 page 35 3. Whatwereyoudoing 4. Iwasn’t/wasnotfeeling 5. Mymomwasn’t/wasnotworking 6. Mydadwasdriving 7. Wasitsnowing 8. Thesnowwasn’t/wasnotcoming 9. thewindwasblowing10. Shewaswatching11. shewasthinking12. peopleweregiving

3 page 36 2. At;wasflowing 3. At;werereporting 4. On;wascoming 5. In;werewandering;(were)looking 6. On;wasfalling


Using When and While with Past Progressive

1 page 372. werewaiting3. saw4. had5. gave6. was7. were;practicing

8. sat 9. were10. began11. wasrunning12. jumped13. spilled

2 pages 37–38 2. Peoplewerecallingforhelpontheircellphoneswhen

twopoliceofficersarrivedwithflashlights.3. Onepoliceofficerledpeopletoastairwaywhilethe

otherofficerwastryingtocalmpeopledown.4. Whilepeoplewerewalkingtothestairway,theyhelped

eachother.5. Outsidepeopleweretalkingandcallingfriendson

theircellphoneswhenarestaurantworkercameandbroughtthemcoldbottlesofwater.

3 pages 38–392. Whatwereyouthinkingaboutwhenyoucameto

America?3. Wherewereyougoingwhenyousawthemoviestar?4. Whowereyouvisitingwhentheblizzardstarted?5. WhatdidshehearwhileshewaswatchingTV?6. Washetextingwhilethepresidentspoke/was

speaking?


1 page 392. a3. b4. c5. a

6. b7. b8. c

2 page 40

OnJuly21,2011,DuaneandEmmaWilsonwassitting

infrontofthetelevisionintheirhomeinDallas,Texas.

Whattheywerewatching?ThespaceshuttleAtlantis

werecomingbacktoEarthafter12daysinspace.While

theWilsonswatchedTV,AtlantiswaslandinginFlorida.

OtherpeoplewaswatchingfromthegroundinFlorida.

use to

used

they

use

used

it

use

were

were they

was

were watching landed

were


Whyweresomanypeoplewatching?Atlantiswasthelast

U.S.spaceshuttle.Whentheshuttlelandedpeople

weretalkingabouttheendofthespaceflightprogram.

Peoplewascelebratingtheshuttle’sreturn,buttheywere

alsosad.Thiswasn’ttheendofspaceexploration,though.

NASAwasalreadymakingplanstotraveltoMars.When

Atlantislanded.


1. b2. c3. c

4. b5. a6. c

7. a8. b9. b

10. b11. a12. a

13. b14. b15. a

Unit 7 Count and Noncount NounsPrivacyMatters

Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns

1 page 42

Noncount nouns: 2. garbage3. help4. information5. privacy

6. respect7. software8. trust9. work

Count nouns and their plural forms: 2. bill;bills3. card;cards4. computer;computers

5. number;numbers6. page;pages7. site;sites

2 page 432. messages3. asuggestion4. Myson5. acomputer

6. websites7. privacy8. Myadvice

3 page 432. anaccount;C3. questions;C4. acreditcard;C5. abigmistake;C

6. furniture;NC7. security;NC8. safety;NC

Noncount Nouns: Determiners and Measurement Words

1 page 442. any3. alotof4. Many5. enough6. any7. apieceof8. alotof

9. many10. pieceof11. some12. agood13. some14. your

2 page 45List A2. cupsof;packetsof3. piecesof4. abowlofList B1. abagof2. agallonof3. barsof4. apoundof

5. loavesof6. cansof7. aboxof8. atubeof

3 page 46Possible answers2. Idon’tspendmuchtimeontheInternetatwork/school.

orIspendalotoftimeontheInternetatwork/school.3. Ispendtoomuchtimeonsocialnetworkingsites.orI

spendalittletimeonsocialnetworkingsites.4. Myboss/collegehassomecontrolovermyInternetuse.

orMyboss/collegehasalotofcontrolovermyInternetuse.

5. Ithinkpeopleshouldmakeafewpersonalphonecallsatwork.orIthinkpeopleshouldnotmakemanypersonalphonecallsatwork.orIdon’tthinkpeopleshouldmakemanypersonalphonecallsatwork.


1 pages 46–472. a3. c4. c5. b

6. b7. a8. c

2 page 47

In1974,^U.S.governmentpassedtheFamily

EducationalRightsandPrivacyAct(FERPA).Thisis^law

thatprotectstheprivaciesofstudents.Thelawexplains

whatdetailsschoolscangiveaboutstudents.TheFERPA

lawsaysthattherearetwokindsofaninformationabout

^,

talked

were

Mars when

the

a

privacy


students–“directoryinformation”and“non-directory

information.”“Directoryinformation”includesfactssuch

asyourname,youraddress,yourphonenumber,andyour

major.Schoolscansharethesethingsabout^student

withoutapermission.Asaresult,peoplecanlearnmuch

informationaboutyou.Somestudentsworrythatthis

couldthreatentheirsecurities.Ifyoudon’twantyour

schooltogive“directory”detailsaboutyou,youcanaskthe

schoolnottosharemanyknowledgetheyhaveaboutyou.

“Non-directoryinformation”includesthingssuchasyour

socialsecuritynumber,yourstudentidentificationnumber,

yourgrades,anddetailsaboutyourschedule.Schoolscan’t

givethisinformationwithoutpermission.

Self-Assessment pages 48 –49

1. c2. c3. a

4. c5. b6. c

7. c8. a9. b

10. a11. c12. b

13. c14. b15. b

Unit 8 ArticlesTheMedia

Articles

1 page 502. the3. a4. the5. the6. A

7. the 8. the 9. the10. the11. the

2 pages 50–512. A;a3. Ø;a4. the5. Ø;a6. Ø

7. Ø 8. the 9. a10. an;The

3 page 512. Anyonecansendthepresidentane-mailfromthissite.3. Thepubliccanalsosignupfortours.4. Everyday,thepresscomestothesitetolistento

statementsaboutcurrentevents.orThepresscomestothesitetolistentostatementsaboutcurrenteventseveryday.

5. Weather.govprovidesinformationabouttheweatheranywhereinthecountry.

6. Itprovidesinformationtothemedia.7. Nasa.govhasinformationaboutspaceexplorationnow

andinthepast.

8. Atnasa.gov,youcanseepicturesofthemoon,thesun,andtheuniverse.orYoucanseepicturesofthemoon,thesun,andtheuniverseatnasa.gov.

9. Nasa.govshowsimagesofplacesaroundtheworld.

Generalizing: More About Articles

1 page 523. Anewsblogcommentsonthenewsoftheday.4. AtweetisapostonTwitter.5. Podcastsareaconvenientwaytohearnewsstories.6. Mediaappsareappsthatgiveyouthenewsonyour

electronicdevices.7. Apersondownloadsapodcastonadigitalplayeror(a)

computer.8. Aneducationalblogisablogthatateacheruses.

2 page 532. Ø3. a4. Ø5. A6. a

7. a 8. A;Ø; Ø 9. Ø10. Ø/The



1 pages 53–54

2. a3. b4. b5. c

6. a7. c8. b

2 page 54

Thesedays,thepeoplearegettingthenewsinnewways.

Alotofpeoplereadblogs,butnowtheycanalsolisten

tothenewsorwatchitontheirdigitaldevices.Theycan

alsosubscribetogetpodcasts.Podcastisasoundfile.

Theusersdownloadpodcastsfromwebsiteson^Internet.

Whenyougotoawebsite,yousometimessee^download

button.Ifyouclickon^downloadbutton,youcan

downloadthepodcast.Thenyoucanlistento^podcaston

acomputerorotherdigitaldevices.Podcastsareoftenfree.

Thenthewebsiteautomaticallydownloads^podcasttoa

program,suchasiTunes.Podcastsgivetheinformationon

manydifferenttopics,includingsports,^environment,the

entertainment,politics,andthehealth.

a

a lot of

security

a lot of

people

A podcast

Users the

a

the

the

the

the



1. b2. c3. a

4. c5. a6. b

7. c8. b9. a

10. b11. c12. a

13. b14. b15. c

Unit 9 Pronouns; Direct and Indirect ObjectsChallengingOurselves

Pronouns

1 page 56

Subject Pronoun

Object Pronoun

Possessive Determiner

Possessive Pronoun

Reflexive Pronoun

I me my mine myself

you you your yours yourself

he him his his himself

she her her hers herself

it it its itself

we us our ours ourselves

they them their theirs themselves

2 pages 56–572. he3. It4. his5. him6. them7. They8. it

9. themselves10. she11. her12. herself13. I14. myself15. her

3 page 572. hers3. themselves4. herself5. mine

6. His7. ourselves8. eachother

4 page 582. ones3. oneorones;ones4. one5. one

5 page 582. myself;herself;ourselves3. eachother4. yourself5. eachother6. eachother;themselves7. eachother8. eachother9. herself

Direct and Indirect Objects

1 page 592. Thecoachtoldtheteam thegoodnews.3. Theschoolgavetheteam achecktobuynew

equipment.4. Theteamshowed theirnewequipmenttothecrowdat

thenextgame.5. Theparentsgave apartyfortheteam.

2 page 59

3. X4. X5. for6. X7. X

8. to 9. X10. to11. X

3 pages 59–60Possible answers2. Dianasentinvitationstoagoing-awaypartytoallher

friends.;Dianasenttheminvitationstoagoing-awayparty.

3. Jeffpaidrenttohis/thelandlord.;Jeffpaidhim/herrent.

4. DianagavetextbookstoPaul.;Dianagavehimtextbooks.

5. JeffsoldacartoIvan.;Jeffsoldhimacar.6. DianagaveclothestoTina.;Dianagaveherclothes.7. Jeffsentane-mailwithhisnewaddresstohisfriends.;

Jeffsentthemane-mailwithhisnewaddress.8. JeffofferedavideogameconsoletoBen.;Jeffoffered

himavideogameconsole.



1 page 61

2. a3. a4. c5. b

6. b7. b8. b

2 page 61

Sixyearsago,MartaOrtizmovedfromGuatemalatothe

UnitedStateswithherchildren.Herandherchildrendid

notspeakverymuchEnglish,solifewashardatfirst.Soon

thechildrenstartedschool,andthemmadefriends.When

theydidnotknowaword,theirfriendstaught

themit.Theylearnedquickly.Atwork,Marta’sco-workers

spokeSpanish,soitwasachallengetolearnEnglish.When

herchildrenbroughthomealetterfromschool,theywould

She

they

them the word


readherit.SometimesMartaneededtomakeaphonecall

inEnglish.Hersondidittoshe.Thechildrenwantedto

helpshe.Theymadeforthemselvesdinnersothattheir

mothercouldtakeanEnglishclassintheevenings.Marta

likedherclassmates.ShelikedtospeakEnglish,andshe

startedtolearn.NowMartaistakinganadvancedEnglish

class.Herteachergivestohergoodgrades.Hegivesadvice

forheraboutcolleges.Herdaughterandsonarevery

proud.SoonherEnglishwillbeasgoodastheirs.


1. b2. c3. c

4. b5. a6. b

7. c8. b9. b

10. a11. c12. c

13. a14. b15. c

Unit 10 Present PerfectDiscoveries

Present Perfect

1 page 642. haveasked3. havebuilt3. havecollected5. hassent6. havelearned7. havefound

8. hassent 9. havestudied10. havedecided11. havestarted12. haveidentified

2 A page 652. hastaught3. hasdecided4. haslooked5. hasworked6. hassent

7. has;traveled 8. hasdiscovered 9. hasshown10. haspublished

B page 652. Whyhashedecidednottoretireforseveralyears?3. Whohasheworkedfor?4. HowoftenhastheU.S.CoastGuardsentProfessor

MarkstotheSouthPole?5. Whathashediscovered(intheicecoresamples

fromGreenland)?6. WherehasProfessorMarkspublishedarticles?

Present Perfect or Simple Past?

1 page 662. havestudied3. hasbeen4. discovered5. spent

6. realized7. continued8. found9. Have;heard

2 pages 66–672. havelooked3. havefound4. started5. havebeen6. appeared7. used

8. loved 9. was10. did11. havebecome12. Have;seen



1 pages 67–682. b3. a4. a5. b

6. a7. b8. c

2 page 68

Scientistsstudiedthenightskyforcenturies.

Astronomershavespendedcountlesshoursstudyingthe

skyfornewobjects.Whenastronomershavediscovered

newobjects,though,theyhavenotalwaysagreedwhat

theseobjectsare.

AnexampleofthisisthediscoveryofPluto.Intheearly

twentiethcentury,astronomershavestartedtosuspect

thattherewasaplanetbeyondUranus.Then,in1930,they

havediscoveredPluto,anditbecametheninthplanet.

Howeverin2008,astronomershaveannouncedthat

Plutowasnolongeraplanet.Whytheyhavedonethis?

Plutoissmallerthananyoftheotherplanets.Therefore,

astronomerscreatedanewcategory:“DwarfPlanets.”They

arelookingformoredwarfplanetsandhavesawseveral.So

far,theyfoundnine.


1. c2. c3. b

4. a5. c6. b

7. a8. c9. b

10. a11. c12. b

13. c14. a15. c

her the letter

herfor

her

to

have studied

spent

started

discovered

announced

have they

have created

seen

have found


Unit 11 Adverbs with Present Perfect; For and SinceUnsolvedMysteries

Adverbs with Present Perfect

1 pages 70–71 2. haveneverheard 3. stillhavenotfound 4. havealreadydone 5. havenotproven;yet 6. haverecentlybeen 7. have;beenstudyinglately 8. Have;recentlydiscovered 9. havealreadydetermined10. Have;everlearned11. haven’t/havenoteverfigured12. Has;everbecome13. hasrecentlybecome14. hasjustopened

2 page 71 2. However,theyhaverecentlylearnedhowtodestroythe

virusinalab. 3. Theyhavealreadydiscoveredsomeremediesforthe

commoncold. 4. Researchhasjustshownthattakingthemineralzinc

canhelppreventcolds. 5. Myfriendhasrecentlytoldmethateatingchicken

souphelps.

3 A page 72 2. Joehasnotgottendrivingdirectionstotheareayet. 3. Suehasalreadyplacedthelaptopsinthetruck. 4. Suehasn’t/hasnotfilledthegastankofthetruck

withgasyet. 5. Bobhasalreadypreparedfood. 6. SueandBobhavenotcheckedtheequipmentyet.

B pages 72–73 2. HasSueputthevideocamerasinthetruckyet?;

No,shehasn’t. 3. HaveBobandJoealreadyorganizedthetruck?;

Yes,theyhave. 4. HasBobreplacedthebatteriesinflashlightsyet?;

Yes,hehas. 5. HaveSueandJoealreadypackedtheircellphones?;

No,theyhaven’t. 6. HasBobalreadyboughtafirst-aidkit?;Yes,hehas.


Present Perfect with For and Since

1 page 742. since3. since4. for5. for6. since7. since8. for

9. since10. since11. for12. since13. since14. for

2 A page 742. since3. since4. since

5. for6. for

B pages 74–752. HowlonghasAlexbeenmarried?;He’s/Hehasbeen

marriedforeightyears.3. HowlonghaveAlexandhiswifelivedintheirhouse?;

They’ve/Theyhavelivedthereforfiveyears.4. HowlonghaveAlexandhiswifeplayedmusictogether?;

They’ve/Theyhaveplayedmusictogethersince2009.



1 pages 75–762. a3. b4. a5. a

6. c 7. c 8. b

2 page 76

Imaginethatjustyouhave^walkedintoabuildingfor

thefirsttime.Youhaveeverbeentherebefore.Suddenly,

everythingfeelsfamiliar.Youfeellikeyouhave^been

alreadytothisplace.Wecallthisfeelingdéjà vu,anditis

quitecommon.DéjàvuisaFrenchexpression.Itmeans

thatyouhavealreadyseensomething,andpeopleuseit

totalkaboutexperiencestheyfeeltheyhavealreadyhad.

Seventypercentofthepeopleinsurveyssay,“Yes,Ihave

experienceditbefore.”Somepeopleexperiencedéjàvu

sincetheywereteenagers.Authorshavewrittenaboutthis

feelinginbookssincehundredsofyears,butscientists

havenotneverexplainedit.Researcherstrytostudythis

feelingforalongtime,buttheyhaveevermadeithappen

inalaboratory.Asaresult,theyyethavenotbeenableto

understandthedéjàvuexperience^.

just

never

already

have experienced

for

ever have tried

never

yet



1. c2. c3. a

4. c5. b6. c

7. a8. b9. c

10. a11. a12. c

13. b14. c15. b

Unit 12 Present Perfect ProgressiveCities

Present Perfect Progressive

1 page 782. hasbeenincreasing3. havebeencreating4. havebeenusing5. havebeenplacing6. havebeentaking7. havebeensending8. haven’t/havenotbeendriving

2 pages 78–79 2. has;beendeveloping;hasbeendeveloping3. have;beencoming;havebeencoming4. has;beenadvertising;hasbeenadvertising5. have;beenstaying;havebeenstaying


Present Perfect Progressive or Present Perfect?

1 A pages 79–802. havebeenriding/haveridden3. hasbeenbuilding4. hasnotcompleted5. haveunderstood6. haveused/havebeenusing7. hashired8. hasbeen

B page 802. HavepeopleinAmsterdambeendrivingcarstoreduce

pollution?orHavepeopleinAmsterdamdrivencarstoreducepollution?;No,theyhaven’t.

3. HasNewYorkCitycompletedanewsubwayline?;No,ithasn’t.

4. HavepeopleinCuritibausedtheirpublicbussystem?orHavepeopleinCuritibabeenusingtheirpublicbussystem?;Yes,theyhave.

5. HasCuritibahiredashepherdandhissheep?;Yes,ithas.

6. HasVancouverbeenaleaderintheuseofhydroelectricpower?;Yes,ithas.

2 page 812. hasbeenbuilding3. havemovedinto

4. hasbeenadding5. hasdecided



1 page 822. a3. a4. c5. a

6. a7. a8. b

2 page 82

KevinBanksishelpinghomelesspeopleinhiscityfor

alongtime.Hehasbeenbeingavolunteeratthelocal

homelessshelterfor15years.Heisservingmealsthere

sincehewasateenager.Thenumberofhomelesspeople^

recentlybeenincreasing.Morepeoplearelosingjobssince

lastyear.Thetrendisdisturbing.Foralongtime,Kevin

hasbeenbelievingthatthecity^notbeendoingenough

tosolvetheproblem.Nowthecityhavebeenstarting

newprojectstodomore.Cityworkershasbeenbuilding

permanenthousingforthehomeless.Thecityhasfinished

morethan300newapartmentsforthehomeless.


1. a2. b3. c

4. b5. c6. a

7. c8. a9. a

10. b11. c12. b

13. c14. a15. b

Unit 13 AdjectivesAGoodWorkplace

Adjectives

1 page 842. Theyoftenhavepart-timejobs.3. Theyearnlowwages.4. Theydon’tworklonghours.5. Theirworkschedulesareshort.6. Theirjobtrainingisusuallysimple.7. Theirjobsareusuallynotstressful.8. Theirworkplaceisusuallysafe.

has been

been

has been

has

have been

has believed has

has

have


2 pages 84–852. asafecomputercompany3. comfortableoffices4. dangerousequipment5. a35-hourworkweek6. overtimepay7. freetraining8. satisfiedemployees

3 page 852. business;clothes3. running;shoes4. work;uniform

5. training;classes6. career;goals

4 page 862. newglass3. nicelarge4. beautifulblueChicago5. roundblackwooden6. superblackleather7. freefive-hourtraining


More About Adjectives

1 page 872. surprising3. challenging4. boring5. bored

6. depressed7. confused8. frustrating9. interested

2 page 872. butmybosstellsreallyfunnyones3. oratacasualone4. butherroommatehasfriendlyones5. eventhoughtheolderoneismorequalified6. She’slookingatsomenoise-cancelingones7. thewoodonebetter

3 page 882. ones3. happy4. somethingdelicious5. anythingnegative

6. proud7. one8. Answers will vary.



1 page 892. c3. a4. a5. c

6. b7. c8. c

2 page 90

Ifyouareinterestinfindingagreatcompanytowork

for,Excel in Your Jobmagazinecanbeagoodsourceof

information.Everyyear,themagazinemakesalistofthe

bestcompaniestoworkfor.Whatmakesthesecompanies

sosuccessfull?Howdotheycreateaworkplacegood

environment?Somecompaniesletemployeeswork

four-daysweekssotheycanhavelongerweekendswith

theirfamilies.Companiesonthelistsometimesoffer

financialexcellentbenefits,suchashighsalaries,bonus

pay,andretirementplans.Also,employeesofthese

companiesarenotworryaboutlosingtheirjobs.They

believetheirbossesarefairandtheirrightsareprotected.

Itisnotunusualtofindanemployeewhohasa30-years

careerwithoneofthesecompanies.Thelistincludessmall

companiesaswellasgiantcorporations.Nomatterwhat

sizeorlocationyouareinterestin,thelistcanbehelpfull.


1. c2. a3. b

4. c5. a6. b

7. c8. a9. b

10. c11. b12. c

13. b14. a15. a

Unit 14 Adverbs of Manner and DegreeLearnQuickly!

Adverbs of Manner

1 page 92 2. fast 3. alone 4. well 5. quickly 6. wrong 7. carefully 8. nervously 9. right10. suddenly

11. high12. easily13. politely14. early15. terribly16. hard17. low18. usually

2 pages 92–932. late3. properly4. carefully5. quickly6. differently

7. deeply 8. slowly 9. efficiently10. well

interested

successful good workplace

four-day

excellent financial

worried

30-year

interested helpful


3 page 932. carefully;careful3. neat;neatly4. good;well5. calm;calmly

6. clear;clearly7. well;good8. quiet;quietly


Adverbs of Degree

1 page 942. ShewasseriouslyworriedaboutfailingEnglish.4. Shewasdangerouslyclosetodroppingthecourse.5. TheteachersattheWritingCenterhavebeenamazingly

helpful.6. Theyarewonderfullysupportive.7. Herprogresswasgoodenoughtopassthetest.8. Sheisincrediblyproudofherself.

2 page 952. tooquickly3. goodenough4. tooshort

5. toolate6. longenough7. hardenough

3 page 952. Theprofessorisreally/sointelligent.3. Marc’sstudygroupisprettyserious.4. Marchasbeendoingprettywellintheclass.5. Heisprettyproudofhiswriting.6. Marciskindof/sortofsurprisedthathelikesworld

history.7. Heiskindof/sortofseriousabouthishistorystudies.8. Marc’sgradesarereally/sogoodinbothworldhistory

andEnglish.


1 page 962. c3. b4. a5. c

6. b7. c8. c

2 page 96

Acomfortableclassroomenvironmentisimportantfor

studentstolearnalanguagegood.Whenstudentsdon’t

feelsomewhatcomfortable,theycan’tlearneffective.Good

teachersdon’tmakestudentsfeelembarrassedwhenthey

answerincorrect.Studentsalsofeelmorecomfortable

whenteachersdon’tspeaktoofastly.Teachersshouldtreat

fairlyallstudentsandmakesurethatthecommunication

intheclassroomisrespectful.Inagoodclassroom,

studentstreatrespectfullytheirclassmatesevenwhen

theyseriousdisagree.Inaneffectiveclassroom,boththe

teacherandthestudentswanteachothertodogood.


1. c2. b3. c

4. b5. b6. a

7. c8. b9. a

10. b11. c12. a

13. b14. c15. a

Unit 15 PrepositionsFoodontheTable

Prepositions of Place and Time

1 page 982. at3. on4. in/near5. In6. in

7. for 8. During/In 9. near10. during/on11. in

2 pages 98–992. under3. in4. For5. in6. at

7. After 8. on 9. during10. Since11. under

3 pages 99–1002. intherefrigerator3. onthetable4. atFoodPlace5. behindthetruck6. intheafternoon7. ontheshelf8. inabox9. nexttothetomatoes


Prepositions of Direction and Manner

1 page 1012. to3. across4. with

5. for6. around7. of

2 page 1012. from3. across4. to5. of

6. for7. to8. from

well

very/extremely/quite effectively

incorrectly

fast

all students fairly

their classmates respectfully

seriously

well


Phrasal Prepositions and Prepositions After Adjectives

1 A page1022. to3. of4. as5. to6. to

7. of 8. of 9. as10. of

B page 1022. suchas3. closeto4. infrontof5. upto

6. Insteadof7. outsideof8. nextto

2 A page 1032. for3. of4. about

5. with6. from7. to



1 pages 103–1042. c3. c4. a5. c

6. b7. b8. a

2 page 104

AuthorMichaelPollanhaswrittenaboutlocalfood

duringmanyyears.HelivesatCaliforniaattheUnited

States.Hegrowshisvegetablesinhisgarden.Hebelieves

thatAmericansdonoteatenoughfruitandvegetables.He

alsobelievessomehealthproblemsareduefrombadfood

choices.Hesaysthatwehavebeeneatingbadfoodsince

toolong.However,manyAmericanssaythattheyaretoo

busytospendmuchtimethinkingabouttheirfoodchoices.

Theyworklonghours.SometimestheyworkatSaturdays

andSundaysoronholidays.Theydonothavetimetocook

alloftheirmeals.Theydonothavetimetogotofarmers’

marketsinSaturdays.Theyeatquickandeasyfoodthatis

notgoodwiththem.MichaelPollanwritesaboutfoodto

getpeopleexcitedinhealthierwaystoeat.


1. a2. a3. c

4. c5. b6. c

7. a8. b9. b

10. c11. a12. c

13. b14. a15. c

Unit 16 Future (1)LifeLists

Be Going To, Present Progressive, and Simple Present for Future Events

1 page 106 2. are;goingtodo 3. ’re/aregoingtocreate 4. are;goingtomake 5. are;goingtoput 6. ’re/aregoingtolist 7. are;goingtoget 8. aregoingtosubmit 9. ’m/amgoingtomeet10. aregoingtofind11. Are;goingtoshow12. ’m/amnotgoingtoshow

2 page 107 2. Are;going 3. leave 4. Are;goingtovisit 5. are;goingtodo 6. ’m/amspending 7. arehaving 8. ’m/amgoingtorest 9. are;doing10. ’m/am;working

3 page 107 2. arrives/isarriving/isgoingtoarrive 3. isgoingtobe 4. aregoingtolearn 5. isgiving/isgoingtogive 6. begins 7. aregoingtosell 8. aregoing/aregoingtogo 9. leaves/isleaving/isgoingtoleave


1 page 1082. a3. a4. b5. c

6. a7. a8. c

2 page 108

ResearchersatJamesUniversityisgoingtostudyhow

studentsorganizetheirtimenextweekoncampus.They^

goingtointerviewstudentsaboutthewaysthattheykeep

organized.Onequestionintheinterviewaregoingtobe,

“Whatyouaregoingtodothisweek?”Anotherquestionis,

“Howyouaregoingtoplanyourdaytoday?”Theinterviews

for in in

to

for

on

on

about

are

are

is

are you

are you


^goingtobeinBuildingB.Ifyouareinterested,please

signupattheStudentServicesCenter.Studentsisgoingto

receivepaymentfortheirtime.Theresearchers^notgoing

totellthestudentsthegoaloftheresearch.Theyisgoingto

sharetheirresultsinareport.


1. b2. b3. a

4. b5. c6. a

7. c8. b9. b

10. c11. a12. b

13. a14. c15. b

Unit 17 Future (2)GettingOlder

Future with Will

1 A page 110 2. willdefinitelynotdisappoint 3. willcertainlynotbe 4. willtake 5. willbegin 6. willland 7. willtravel 8. willfly 9. willprobablynotmeet10. willpossiblysee11. willreturn

B page 111Possible answers 3. Wherewillthetourgo? 4. WhenwilltheylandatDarwinInternationalAirport? 5. Howwilltheytravel? 6. Whatwillthey(probably)seeinthepark? 7. Wherewillthetourgonext? 8. WhenwilltheyreturntotheUnitedStates?


Future with Will, Be Going To, and Present Progressive

1 page 112Answers may vary. 2. foranintention 3. foraprediction,expectation,orguess 4. foraprediction,expectation,orguess 5. forsomethingcertainbecauseofevidence 6. forsomethingcertainbecauseofevidence 8. foraprediction,expectation,orguess

2 pages 112–113 2. willbeorisgoingtobe 3. I’ll 4. aretheygoingtoaffect 5. I’mgoingtoorI’ll 6. they’llorthey’regoingto 7. won’thave 8. I’mgoingtoorI’ll 9. They’regoingtoneedorThey’llneed10. amgoingtomeetorammeeting

3 A page 113

Degree of Certainty

➝Less certain ➝In the middle➝ More certain➝

possiblymaybeperhaps

likelyprobably

undoubtedlycertainlydefinitely

B page 114 2. Accordingtopredictions,25millionU.S.BabyBoomers

willlikely/probablyretireby2020. 3. WhentheBoomersretire,companiescertainly/

definitely/undoubtedlywon’thaveenoughworkers. 4. Maybe/Perhapsyoungerworkerswillmakemore

moneybecausecompaniesneedthemmore. 5. Somemedicalcompaniesarelikely/probablygoingto

getrichbecauseBoomerswillneedmedicalcare. 6. Forexample,Boomersarecertainly/definitely/

undoubtedlygoingtoneedproductstofixtheiroldkneesorhips.

7. Acompanythatmakesthoseproductswilllikely/probablydowell.


1 pages 114–1152. a3. c4. b5. a

6. a7. b8. b

2 page 115

Welcometoeldersrus.cambridge.org.Thissitewillto

helpyouenjoyyourlateryears.Inthefuture,theworld’s

population^getolder.By2050,about20percentofthe

world’speoplewouldbe70orolder.Somepeoplesayan

oldersociety^goingtobeaproblem.Ateldersrus.org,we

disagree.Wepredictthatolderpeople^helpsociety.Inthe

future,olderpeopleinworkplaceswilltohelpcompanies

makebetterdecisions.Certainly,tomorrow’solder

population^goingtoneedmorehealthcare.Inthefuture,

therewillperhapstobebetterhealthcareforeveryoneof

allages.Active,healthyseniorscanchangetheworld.Click

are

are

are

are

willwill

is

will

is


heretoreadmoreabouteldersrus.cambridge.org.Inthe

future,youwilltobehappyyoudid!


1. b2. a3. c

4. b5. c6. a

7. b8. c9. b

10. a11. a12. c

13. b14. a15. b

Unit 18 Future Time Clauses and Future ConditionalsLearningtoCommunicate

Future Time Clauses

1 page 118 Onceawordbecomespopular,peoplewillexpectadictionarytoincludeit.However,noteverywordisgoodenoughforthedictionary.Awordwillhavetopassmanytestsbeforeitgetsintothedictionary.Forexample,hereishowonewell-knowndictionarynormallyaddsnewwords.Aftertheeditorsseeanewword,theywillputitonalistofinterestingwords.Theeditorwillmakeanoteaboutthewordassoonasitappearsanywhere.Whatdoesitmean?Whoisusingit?Wheredopeopleusetheword?Usually,untiltheeditorshavehundredsofnotesfortheword,theywillnotthinkaboutitverymuch.Whentheyhavealargenumberofnotes,theeditorswillmakeaspecialcardfortheword.Whenthecompanyplansanewdictionary,apersoncalledtheheadreaderwillreviewalltheinformationfromtheeditors.Aftertheheadreaderconsidersthousandsofwords,heorshewillchoosethebestwords.Thenthecompany’smanagerswilldiscussthosechoices.Assoonasthemanagersnametheluckynewwords,writerswillwritedefinitionsforthem.Finally,wewillfindtheminthedictionary.

2 page 1192. AssoonasAnastartstospeak,GabrielandJulia

willteachherthenamesofthingsinPortugueseandEnglish.

3. WhenGabrieltalkstoAna,hewilluseonlyEnglish.4. UntilAnaseemstounderstand,Gabrielwillrepeat

wordsinEnglish.5. BeforeAnagoestobed,Juliawillreadherastoryin

Portuguese.6. OnceAnaisfouryearsold,Juliawillfindday-care

withPortugueseandEnglishspeakers.

Future Conditionals; Questions with Time Clauses and Conditional Clauses

1 A page 120 3. want 4. will;teach 5. want 6. willpush 7. is 8. willshare 9. take10. willlearn11. show

12. willremember13. sees14. hears15. will;learn16. put17. willchoose18. have19. willtry

B page 121 2. IfyourdogislikeBobby,willyouteachnewwords

tohim? 3. WhenDr.BrownteachesBobbyanewword,willshe

saytheword? 4. Willsheshowhimathingifshewantshimtolearn

theword? 5. IfBobbylearnsawordnow,willherememberitlater? 6. WillBobbylearnawordoncehehearsit? 7. Iflistenershavedogs,willtheytrytoteachthem

newwords?


1 pages 121–1222. c3. a4. a5. a

6. b7. c8. c

2 page 122

Ifsomebirdswillbewelltrained,theywillspeak.IfGus,

aparrot,willhearyousay“hi,”hewillsay“hi.”BrianGreen

ofWesternUniversitysays,“IfGuswillseeanewthing,

hewillmakeupnewwordsforit.”“Yesterday,Gussawa

plumandcalledit‘cherryapple.’Inthefuture,ifIshow

himsomethingsimilartowhatheknows,I^listenforGus’s

newnameforit.”Ifmostparrotswillhearaname,theywill

repeatit.Gusdoesmore.AssoonasGuswillhearanew

person’sname,hewillmakeasentence,like“Hi,Susan.”

WhenGuscontinuestotalksowell,hechangestheway

wethinkaboutbirdcommunication.

are

hears

sees

will

When

hears

If will change



1. b2. a3. c

4. b5. b6. a

7. b8. c9. b

10. a11. c12. b

13. a14. c15. b

Unit 19 AbilityAmazingScience

Ability with Can and Could

1 page 1242. can’tprepare3. canmake4. cantake5. can’tlearn6. canfly7. can’tgo

8. canfly 9. cananalyze10. canshare11. cangive12. can’tstop

2 page 1252. couldn’t3. could4. can5. can6. couldn’t

7. can 8. can 9. can10. can11. couldn’t

3 A page 125Possible answers2. Icanuseasmartphone.orIcan’tuseasmartphone.3. IcanunderstandaGPSnavigator.orIcan’tunderstand

aGPSnavigator.4. Icanmakevideochatcalls.orIcan’tmakevideo

chatcalls.

B page 125Possible answers2. Icoulduseasmartphonetenyearsago.orIcouldn’tuse

asmartphonetenyearsago.3. IcouldunderstandaGPSnavigatorfiveyearsago.orI

couldn’tunderstandaGPSnavigatorfiveyearsago.4. Icouldmakevideochatcallslastyear.orIcouldn’t

makevideochatcallslastyear.

4 page 1262. Stormwarningscouldn’treachthem.3. Theythoughtthatitcouldn’thappen.4. No,alotofpeoplecouldn’tgotoworkorschool.5. Hecan’tseeanycloudsinthesatellitepictures.6. Yes,peoplecanridetheirbikestoday.7. Hecanpredictrainfortomorrow.

Be Able To

1 page 1272. wasabletoreach3. areabletouse4. wereabletouse5. wasn’t/wasnotabletosee

6. areabletofly;aren’t/arenotabletogo7. isabletomake

2 A page 1282. b3. b4. a

5. a6. a

B pages 128–129Possible answers2. Theyareabletokeeptheirhousecleanbecausethey

haveRosietherobot.3. Yes,theyareabletogetfoodwhentheypressabutton.4. Heisabletodressforworkbystandinginamachine.5. Theyareabletoflybecausetheyusecarsthatfly

andjetpacks.6. Theyareabletotakevacationsonthemoon.


1 page 1292. a3. c4. b5. a

6. c7. c8. a

2 page 130

Inmyhighschool,wewerenotable^doexperiments.We

didnothavealab.Iwassad,becauseyoucannotbecome

aninventorwithoutalab.Myparentstoldmetobuildmy

ownlabinourgarage,soIdid.Icouldbuildaprettygood

one.Now,atCityCollege,Iâbletouseoneofthebestlabs

intheworld.WhenIhaveanideaforaninvention,Iam

able^buildit.Here’smyadvicetoyoungpeople:Gotoa

schoolwhereyouâbletouseagoodlab.Computersare

good,butyoucannotreallyinventthingswiththemalone.

Remember:Agoodinventorisableûsehisorherhands.


1. b2. c3. c

4. b5. c6. b

7. c8. a9. b

10. a11. c12. a

13. b14. c15. a

to

cannot

was able to

am

to

are

cannot

to


Unit 20 Requests and OffersGoodCauses

Permission

1 page 132DearDr.Lance, Asyouknow,I’mthepresidentoftheStudentServiceClub.I’mwritingtoaskyourpermissiontoorganizesomeactivitiesinourcommunity.Everyyear,wehavemadeaholidaydinnerforhomelesspeople.Canwedothatagain?MayIcontactthenewspaperaboutthis?Theymightwriteanarticleaboutit.Also,doyoumindifwehavea3-mileracetoraisemoneyforourprojects?Finally,couldweusetheschoolparkinglotinMayforourcarwash?Itraisesmoneytosendkidstosummercamp.Thanksforyourtime.FreyzaEntepDearFeyza, Thankyouforyoure-mail.I’mgladthatourServiceClubissoactive.Abouttheholidaydinner:Sure.Noproblem.Sorry,butpleasedon’ttellthenewspaperaboutit.Wecanserveonlyabout100people.I’mafraidIdon’tliketheideaoftherace.Ifsomeonegetshurt,wemightgetintotrouble.Youcancertainlydothecarwash.Wedothiseveryyear,right?Ithinkit’sagreatactivity.Dr.JohnLance

2 page 1332. Doyoumind3. Notatall4. Can5. CanIplease

6. Doyoumindif7. CanI8. Sure.Noproblem.


Requests and Offers

1 page 1342. Yes.Ofcourse.3. Would4. Certainly.5. Would

6. Could7. Could8. I’msorry

2 pages 134–1352. I’msorry3. I’ll4. Thatwouldbegreat5. Could

6. Certainly7. can8. would

3 page 135Possible answers2. CanIdrivethechildrentotheartcenterafterschool?;

Answers will vary3. MayIexplaintheprojecttothechildren?;

Answers will vary

4. IcancleanthetableswithDanaftertheclass.;Answers will vary

5. Icouldgetmorevolunteersatmycollege.;Answers will vary


1 page 1362. b3. a4. b5. c

6. c7. b8. a

2 page 136

ThisSaturday,we’llhaveouroffice’scharitycarwash.

Canyoutohelp?Couldpleasewe^sharethework^?Could

ourmarketingdepartmenttobringtowels?Weneed

bucketstocarrywater.Willthesalespeopletobringsome?

Advertisingdepartment,canyou^directpleasecarsinto

thecarwash^?Weneedlotsofhelp.Wouldyoutoaskyour

familyandfriendstohelp?Thetechnologyteamsaid,“Yes,

wewould.”Thanksinadvance.Peoplehaveasked,

“Couldpleasethemanagers^bringpizza^?”Yes,wecould!


1. b2. a3. c

4. b5. c6. a

7. c8. a9. b

10. b11. b12. a

13. a14. c15. b

Unit 21 Advice and SuggestionsTheRightJob

Advice

1 page 1382. shouldn’ttrain3. shouldaskoroughttoask4. shoulddooroughttodo5. shouldthinkoroughttothink6. should;think7. shouldn’tworry8. Should;be9. shouldmakeoroughttomakeorhad

bettermake

2 page 1393. WhereshouldIlook4. ShouldIcome5. Shouldheget6. Whoshouldhesend7. Whenshouldhee-mail

please or , please

orplease

, please

willplease or can, please


3 page 1402. hadbetternotquituntilhegetsanewjob3. shouldposthisrésuméonline4. shouldcallthecompanytofindouthowtoapply5. oughttolistentohimandhelphim6. shouldgetsomejobtraining7. oughttofindsomeinterviewingtipsontheInternet8. shouldn’t/shouldnotbuyahousenow

4 pages 140–1412. Youshould/oughttofocusonjobsthatrequireyour

specialskills.3. Youshouldn’twastetimeonjobsthatdon’tsound

interesting.4. Youshould/oughtto/hadbetterbesurethatyouhave

agoodrésumé,oryoumaynotattractgoodcompanies.5. Youshould/oughttofindoutaboutfreeorlow-cost

trainingprograms.6. Youshould/oughttotelleveryoneyouknowthatyou

arelookingforajob.7. Youshouldn’t/hadbetternotputuntruestatementson

yourrésuméoryoumaygetintotroublelater.

Suggestions1 page 1412. Youmightwantto3. Whynot4. Youmightwantto5. Whydon’tI6. mightnotwantto

2 pages 142–1432. youmightnot3. whydon’t4. Youcould5. youmightnot6. Whydon’tyou


1 page 1432. c3. a4. c5. b

6. a7. a8. c

2 page 144

Whenyoulookforajob,you^betterbeprepared.Here

arefivethingstothinkabout.First,whynotthinking

aboutwhatyoudobest?Youshouldgetajobthatlets

youdothat.Next,askyourself,“CanIbehappywiththis

company?”Iftheansweris“no,”you^betternottakeajob

there.Third,you^bettertellinterviewersthetruth.Youhad

betternotlieinajobinterview,oryoumightloseyourjob

later.Also,whynottoactlikeaprofessional?You

couldnottalkordressthewayyoudowithyourfriends.

Paycloseattentiontoyourclothes.Whynottobuynew

clothesjustforjobinterviews?Finally,you^betterstay

positive,evenifyoudonotgetthejob.Thereareotherjobs

outthere.Youhadbetterlookforonethatisevenbetter.


1. b2. a3. c

4. b5. b6. c

7. a8. c9. c

10. c11. a12. c

13. a14. c15. c

Unit 22 Necessity, Prohibition, and PreferenceHowtoSellIt

Necessity and Prohibition

1 page 146 2. mustspend 3. do;needtodo 4. havetoadvertise 5. Do;needtopay 6. don’t/donotneedtopay 7. does;havetolook 8. hastocheck 9. does;needtothink10. mustnotforget

2 page 147

Necessary Not Necessary Prohibited

1. ✓

2. ✓

3. ✓

4. ✓

5. ✓

6. ✓

7. ✓

8. ✓

3 page 147 2. haveto 3. mustnot 4. mustnot 5. hasto 6. don’thaveto

had

think

had

had

might not want to

had

should


Preference

1 page 1482. a3. b4. c5. b6. b

7. c 8. a 9. b10. c

2 page 1492. wouldprefertostudy3. I’dliketogive4. wouldrathernotwatch5. wouldprefertowatch6. wouldrathersee7. wouldratherhear8. wouldratherlisten9. thanlisten

3 page 1502. Would;rather3. do;prefer4. Do;prefer5. wouldlike



1 page 1512. c3. b4. a5. c

6. b7. c8. b

2 page 151

Weaskedourcustomerswhatadsthey^rathersee.

Mostwouldrathertoseeadsthatarefunny.Many

customerssaidadsmustnotbeexpensive.Adsdon’t

havetohavegreatart,theysaid.Theywouldratherto

seeinexpensiveadswithgoodjokesandgoodmusic.The

musicinanadmustnotbefamous.Customersprefer^

hearmusicthatishappyandeasytosinginsteadoffamous

songs.About60percentofourcustomers^ratherseeads

afteraTVshowthanduringtheshow.About80percent

ofthemsaidtheywouldrathernottosee“pop-up”adson

theInternet–adsthatcomeonthescreensuddenlywhile

you’relookingatsomethingelse.


1. b2. a3. b

4. c5. a6. b

7. a8. c9. b

10. c11. a12. a

13. c14. b15. c

Unit 23 Present and Future ProbabilityLifeToday,LifeTomorrow

Present Probability

1 page 1542. might3. can’t4. shouldn’t5. must

6. should7. mightnot8. must

2 page 1552. mustbe3. might4. mustnot

5. mightnotbe6. must/should/might7. might

3 page 1552. mustbeveryproudofher3. mightbeatschool4. mustnot/mightnothaveherphoneon5. mustnot/can’tbeserious6. mustnot/mightnothaveenoughmoney

Modals of Future Probability

1 page 1562. will3. can’t4. should5. may

6. could7. shouldn’t8. Will9. maynot

2 pages 156–1572. Thenumberofbikeriderscould/should/mightincrease.3. Thenumberoftrafficaccidentsshouldn’tincrease.4. Thereshould/mightbefewercarsonthestreets.5. Rentscould/mightgoup.6. Thepopulationshouldincrease.7. Newcompaniesmightmoveintothecity.


1 page 1572. b3. b4. c5. c

6. c7. a8. b

would

don’t have/need to be

doesn’t have/need to be to

would


2 page 158

Carscannotbepartofourfuture.Instead,wemaybe

flyingaroundintinyprivateplanes.Inthefuture,gasoline

mustbecomehardtoget.Asaresult,thekindofcarwe

havetodaycanbecomehardertouse.Gasolinemust

becomeveryexpensive.Willothertypesofcarsbecome

common?Yes,theymightbecome.Also,researchersthink

thatsmallairplanesmaybecommoninthefuture.It’s

possiblethattheseairplanescanrunonpowerfromthe

sun.Theycouldn’tneedanypoweratall.Whoknows?If

tinypersonalplanesbecomecommon,willhouseshave

littlehomeairportsinsteadofgarages?Yes,theymight

have.


1. b2. b3. c

4. a5. c6. b

7. c8. a9. c

10. a11. c12. b

13. a14. b15. c

Unit 24 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs; Verbs and PrepositionsGettingAlongatWork

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

1 page 1602. T3. I4. T5. T6. T7. T

8. I 9. T10. T11. T12. I

2 page 160 WhenIarriveattheofficeeachmorning,Iwalktothekitchen.Imakeacupofcoffeeandsayhellotomyco-workers.Afterthat,Itakemycoffeetomydeskandturnonmycomputer.Duringtheday,Itypereportsonmycomputer.IplaymusicwhileIwork.Ialwaysmakesuretokeepthevolumelow.Thatwayifsomeoneknocks,Icanstillhearthem.Ieatlunchwithmyco-workers.Inthesummer,weeatoutside. Everyoneinmyofficegetsalongwell.Wedon’tfightorargue.Ithelpsthatthereareonlyfourofus!Iworkinaverysmalloffice.It’seasyforustolikeeachother.

3 page 1612. nearaguy3. clearly4. tomyoffice5. loudmusic

6. headphones7. somethingaboutthenoise8. atherdesk9. thefood


Verb + Object + Preposition Combinations

1 page 1622. learn;from3. explains;to4. get;from5. ask;for6. remind;about7. ask;for

2 page 1622. Hisco-workershelphimwithdifficulttasks.3. Heasksthemforadvice.4. Hegetsgoodfeedbackfromthem.5. Theyexplaincompanypoliciestohim.6. Hediscussesproblemswiththem.


Verb + Preposition Combinations

1 page 1642. about3. with4. to5. to6. on

7. on 8. for 9. about10. on11. for

2 pages 164–1652. for3. about4. for5. at6. on

7. with 8. to 9. for10. about11. on



1 pages 165–1662. b3. b4. a5. b

6. a7. c8. b

may may be

will

could will

may be

could

may not / might not / shouldn’t


2 page 166

Donoisesdistract^?Isithardforyoutodealon

noisyco-workers?Whatcansolvetheproblem?Asetof

PrivaPhonescansolve^!JustwearonPrivaPhonesatwork.

You’llaskyourself,“Whathappened^thenoise?”With

PrivaPhones,youwon’thear^.Thisletsyouworkwith

hardatyourjob.PrivaPhonesdependr^newtechnologyto

protectyourears.YourPrivaPhonesarewaitingwithyou

today!


1. b2. a3. c

4. a5. b6. c

7. a8. c9. b

10. c11. a12. b

13. c14. c15. a

Unit 25 Phrasal VerbsMoney,Money,Money

Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

1 page 1682. eatout3. wentahead4. lookout5. watchout6. goon

7. wentout 8. ranout 9. hangon10. giveup

2 page 1692. out3. on4. down5. away6. up

7. in 8. on 9. back10. in

3 pages 169–1702. watchout3. standup4. workout5. gotalong6. wenton7. grownup

8. giveup 9. setsin10. hangson11. runout12. comeback

Transitive Phrasal Verbs

1 A page 1702. Itwilladdup.;I3. Everyoneshouldsetupabankaccount.;T4. Thathelpstobuildupyoursavings.;T5. Youcantakeyourmoneyoutoftheaccountatany

time.;T

B page 1712. T;T3. T4. I

2 page 1712. figuredout3. worksout4. setsup5. findout6. takemoneyout7. findout8. addthemup

3 page 1722. payoffyourstudentloansorpayyourstudentloans

off ?;didn’t/didnotpaythemoff3. workoutthecostsorworkthecostsout;worked

themout4. putoffpayingabill;don’t/donotputitoff5. turnthatmusicdownorturndownthatmusic;

turnitdown



1 page 1732. b3. a4. c5. b

6. a7. c8. a

2 page 174

Smartparentssavemoneyfromtheirincomefortheir

children’scollegeeducation.Asmartparentputsawayit

inacollegesavingsplan.Thisisapriority.Acollegesavings

planwillonlyworkifyoustartearly.Youhavetofindout

agoodsavingsplan.Youhavetosetupitbeforeyourchild

grows.Youcannotbuildupitifyoustarttoolate.Todecide

howmuchmoneyyouneed,findouthowmuchayearof

collegecostsnow.Expertspoint^thatthepriceofacollege

educationrisesupbyabout8percenteveryyear.Dothe

math.Thecostwillgrowupovertheyears.


1. b2. a3. c

4. c5. a6. b

7. a8. b9. a

10. c11. c12. b

13. a14. c15. a

you with

it

to

it

on

for

it away

it up

grows up it up

out


Unit 26 ComparativesWeAreAllDifferent

Comparative Adjectives and Adverbs

1 page 176 2. better 3. older 4. morelikely 5. younger 6. harder 7. weaker 8. moreadventurous 9. freer10. better11. stronger12. moreimportant

2 A page 177 2. lesseasygoing 3. moreconfident 4. nicer 5. moreindependent 6. lesssuccessful 7. smarter 8. moreeducated 9. moreintelligent10. better11. worse12. better

B page 178 2. canhelponetwinbecomemoreconfidentthan

theother 3. Canonetwinbesmarterthantheother 4. onetwindoesn’tusuallyhaveabetterbrainthan

theother 5. abetterdietcanaffectthebrain

Comparatives with As . . . As

1 page 178 2. asathleticas 3. asfastas 4. asskilledas 5. asexperiencedas 6. aswellas 7. ascreativeas

2 A page 179 2. notasshortas 3. asmuchas 4. asdarkas 5. asbigas 6. notassmallas 7. ashighas 8. asinterestedinsportsas




1 pages 180–1812. a3. b4. c5. b

6. c7. b8. a

2 page 181

Thepresident’sofficeannouncesaneweradmissions

policyforthefamiliesofcurrentstudentsatJacobCounty

CommunityCollege.Itwillnowbemoreeasierforsiblings

ofcurrentstudentstoapply.Theapplicationformforthese

siblingsismuchshorterthatthenormalapplication.Also,

siblingsofcurrentstudentscanapplyearlierthatusual.

Thecollege’spresident,WayneRoberts,said,“Wewantto

beasopen^possibletothefamiliesofourstudents.”He

explainedthat“legacyadmissions”–specialprocedures

forstudent’srelatives–arebecomingmorecommoner

atcolleges.Robertsexplainedthatthecollege’sapproval

ofsiblingapplicationsdoesnottakeaslong^usual.

“Siblingsarealikeinmanyways,”hesaid.“Ifastudentis

alreadydoingwellhere,brothersorsisterswillprobably

succeedtoo.”Thecollegehopesthenewerpolicywillmake

admissionssimplerandmorequicker.


1. b2. c3. c

4. a5. b6. a

7. c8. b9. a

10. c11. a12. b

13. c14. a15. b

Unit 27 Superlative Adjectives and AdverbsTheBestandtheWorst

Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs

1 pages 184–1852. theworst3. themostdangerous

new

than

than

as

common

as

new


4. Thehighest 5. themosthonest 6. Thestrongest 7. themostintense 8. Themostviolent 9. Theweakest10. thelowest

2 page 185 2. thescariestones 3. theleastinterestingones 4. occur(the)mostquickly 5. happen(the)mostfrequently 6. themostpredictablenaturaldisasters 7. forecast;(the)mosteasily 8. avoid;(the)mosteasily 9. avoid;(the)leasteasily10. theleastscarynaturaldisaster11. themostterrifyingnaturaldisaster12. worked(the)hardest13. thebestgrade14. themostinterestingsubject

3 pages 186–187Possible answers 2. Tornadoeshappen(the)leastofteninAlaska. 3. May2003hadthelargestnumberoftornadoes. 4. Tornadoeshappen(the)mostofteninMay. 5. Thelargestnumberoftornadoesinonedaywas147. 6. Thewidthofthewidesttornadowas2.5miles. 7. Thefastestwindspeedinatornadowasprobably

about300mph. 8. Thehighestamountofpropertydamagefromone

tornadowasperhaps$1billion.


1 page 1872. c3. a4. b5. a

6. c7. c8. c

2 page 188

Whenwetalkaboutthetopicoftheweather,weshould

notforgetsnowstorms.Oneofthebaddestsnowstormsin

historyhittheUnitedStatesandCanadainMarch1993.At

itstrongestpoint,thestormreachedfromCanadato

CentralAmerica.TheeasternUnitedStateswashitthe

baddest.Thestormaffectedthemostseriouslythatarea^.

ThesurprisingestsnowfallwasinFlorida,whichgot

aboutfourinches.Thestormdumpeditheaviestsnow –

69inches–onthetownofMountLeConte,Tennessee.

Tornadoeswereoneofthedangerousestaspectsofthe

storm.TheyhitthehardestFlorida^.Becauseitwasthe

violenteststorminmorethan100years,manypeoplein

theeasternUnitedStatescallit“TheStormoftheCentury.”

Self-Assessment page 188–189

1. b2. a3. c

4. b5. b6. c

7. a8. b9. c

10. a11. c12. a

13. c14. b15. b

Unit 28 Gerunds and Infinitives (1)ManagingTime

Verbs Followed by Gerunds or Infinitives

1 page 190 2. toincrease 3. tomeasure 4. touse 5. using 6. tocalculate 7. tomeasure 8. tobe 9. tofollow

2 page 191 2. Iplantostartworkingasavolunteeratakitchenfor

homelesspeople. 3. Itwillinvolvespendingaboutfourhoursaweekwitha

teamattheshelter. 4. Idecidedtodothisbecausehomelesspeoplearereally

justlikeyouandme. 5. Manypeopleneedhelpwhiletheykeeplookingfor

work. 6. Theyneedtospendtheirtimeonjobsearches,noton

searchesforfood. 7. Theywanttobeindependent. 8. Ican’trefusetogiveafewhourseveryweek. 9. Ifyouwanttodonatesomeofyourtime,Icangiveyou

theshelter’snumber.10. Ithinkyouwillenjoyhelpingthesepeople.

3 page 1922. getting3. tobe4. tochange5. having6. tosolve7. seeing

8. trying 9. spending10. being11. todeal12. tostudy13. tosee

Verbs Followed by Gerunds and Infinitives

1 pages 192–193 2. rememberedasking 3. triedtoplan 4. forgottoset

worst

its

worst the most seriously

most surprising

its

most dangerous

the hardest

most violent


5. lovetoplayorloveplaying 6. remembertochange 7. stopmaking 8. triedtaking

2 page 193 2. likedhelpingorlikedtohelp 3. startedworkingorstartedtowork 4. enjoysworking 5. startedvolunteeringorstartedtovolunteer 6. wantedtoteach 7. triestotrainortriestraining 8. lovestoworkorlovesworking


1 page 1942. a3. b4. a5. c

6. a7. b8. c

2 page 194

HiSam,

Iwantedwritingtoyoulastweek,butIdidn’thavetime.

Sorry,butIgotreallybusyandforgotwriting.Ienjoytobe

inSanDiego,butIdon’thavemuchtimeforfun.Iexpected

workingonlyeighthoursyesterday,butIkepttoworkat

theofficeforelevenhours.Everyday,Ifinishtodoone

thing,andthenIhavetodoanother.LastSunday,Ihad

somefreetime,soIdecided^takeabustoabeachjust

northofSanDiego.Iexpected^seesand,butitwasvery

rockyandreallypretty.Well,Ishouldstoptowritenow.If

yougetthetime,comevisit!

Love,

Kate


1. b2. c3. a

4. b5. c6. a

7. c8. b9. a

10. c11. b12. c

13. a14. c15. b

Unit 29 Gerunds and Infinitives (2)CivilRights

More About Gerunds

1 page 196 2. hiring 3. losing 4. working 5. being 6. doing 7. reading 8. giving

2 A page 196 2. of 3. about 4. for 5. in 6. on 7. about 8. about 9. about

B page 197 2. worriedaboutnothaving 3. involvedininterviewing 4. thinkaboutreaching 5. forgetaboutneeding 6. awareofcreating 7. worryaboutseeming 8. sorryaboutdisagreeing 9. afraidofnotlooking10. involvedindiscriminating

More About Infinitives

1 A page 198 ThemaingoaloftheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)istopreventdiscriminationagainstdisabledpersons.Animportantpurposeofthelawistomakesurethatentrancesincluderampsandelevatorssothatdisabledpersonscanenterthebuildings.ThislawbenefitstheAmericaneconomyinseveralways.Onewayistoletdisabledpersonscontributetheirskillstocompanies.Anotherbenefitistoallowdisabledpersonstosupportthemselves.

B page 198 Researchershaveconductedmanystudiestounderstandleft-handednessbetter.Aleft-handedpersonusesthelefthand,nottheright,todomosteverydaytasks.However,onlyabout11percentoftheworld’speopleareleft-handed.Theyfaceakindofdiscriminationbecausemostproductsaremadetobeconvenientfortheright-handedmajority.Supportersofleft-handers’rightshavewrittentomanymanufacturersinordertogetmorescissors,keyboards,guitars,andotherproductsforleft-handers.

to write

to write being

to work working

doing

to

to

writing


2 pages 198–199Possible answers2. toliveinaniceneighborhood3. tofindhimhouses4. tohelppeoplefindhomesinLinden5. tokeephimoutofLinden6. tochangepeople’smindsaboutdiscrimination



1 pages 199–2002. a3. b4. c5. a

6. a7. b8. a

2 page 200

Workingforcivilrightsareeveryone’sduty.TheCollege

RightsClubinvitesallstudentstobeinvolvedforending

discrimination.Pleasejoinusatournextmeetingon

October7intheStudentUnion.Wewilltalkabout

toplanthisyear’sactivities.Lastyear,weworkedhardfor

toprotecttherightsofpeopleoncampus.Webelieved^

wasimportanttogetbetteraccesstocampusbuildingsfor

disabledpersons.Supportingworkersonlocalfarmswere

alsoanimportantproject.Wesucceededaboutsettingupa

FarmWorkers’AidCentertoprovideday-careforworkers’

children.Thisyear,wewillkeepontohelpallmembers

ofourcommunitytobetreatedfairlyandrespectfully.We

hopeyoubelieveitisimportantfortobepartofthiseffort.

Joinus!


1. b2. a3. c

4. b5. a6. c

7. b8. a9. c

10. a11. b12. c

13. a14. c15. b

Unit 30 Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses with Subject Relative Pronouns)

Sleep

Subject Relative Clauses

1 page 2022. who/thatstudy3. who/thatare4. that/whichhave5. that/whichdoesn’t/doesnothave6. who/thatare7. who/thatare8. that/whichlook9. that/whichhappen

2 pages 202–2032. Therearesomekindsoffoodthat/whichhelppeople

sleep.3. Turkeyisoneexampleofakindoffoodthat/which

makespeoplesleepy.4. Scientistswhostudyfoodsayturkeycontains

tryptophan.5. Tryptophanisachemicalthat/whichleadsto

sleepiness.6. Researcherswhostudysleepproblemssayotherkinds

offoodcankeepyouawake.8. Chocolateisonekindoffoodthat/whichcanmakeyou

stayawake.

More About Subject Relative Clauses

1 page 2032. that/whichmeetsweekly3. who/thathavewalkedintheirsleeporwho/thathave

beenwalkingintheirsleep4. who/thattakemedication5. who/thatpreferamorenaturalapproach6. that/whichconcernsalotofthegroup7. that/whichhascurrentinformation

2 page 2042. whoseunclesleepsonlyfivehoursanight3. whoseco-workerstudiesherdreams4. whosebrothertalksinhissleep5. whosedaughtersometimessleepwalks6. whosefriendsliketostayupallnight

3 A pages 204–2052. who/that3. whose4. who/that5. that/which6. who/that7. who/that8. whose9. that/which

is

in

planning

it

was

in

helping


B page 2052. who/thatisBritish3. that/whichcauseslongsleepperiods4. who/thatstayedawakefor11days5. whosesleepdeprivationwaspartofascienceproject6. that/whichaffectyourmind7. who/thatplayedfootball8. whosesleepdeprivationcomesfromdiseases


1 pages 205–2062. a3. c4. b

5. a6. c7. b

8. c

2 page 206

JoshParkerisateacherwhichoftenworkslate.He

driveshomeonadarkroad^hasnolights.Alongworkday,

thelatehour,andthedarkroadareacombinationthat

itcouldbedangerous.Joshcouldfallasleepwhile

drivingandgetintoabadaccident.Headmitsthatheis

sometimestootiredtodrive.“Iamaguywhousuallyput

safetyfirst.Idon’tdrinkanddrive,andIneverdriveata

speed^isdangerous.Still,whenI’mtired,I’mlikeaguy

who’sbrainisn’tworkingright.”Joshhasaproblemwho

isverycommon.Likeotherpeoplewhoisreallytired,he

sometimesmakesbaddecisions.Whenhefeelstired,he

shouldnotdrivebyhimself.Heshoulddrivewithafriend

who’sroleistokeephimawake.


1. b2. c3. b

4. a5. b6. c

7. a8. c9. a

10. b11. a12. c

13. c14. a15. c

Unit 31 Object Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses with Object Relative Pronouns)Viruses

Object Relative Clauses

1 page 2082. that/which3. that/which4. that/which5. that/which6. that/which

7. that/which 8. that/which 9. who/that10. who/that11. that/which

2 pages 208–2092. that/whichdoctorshaveidentified3. that/whichmostpeopleexperience4. that/whichyouwillgetoverintwoorthreedays5. that/whichyoumayhaveforseventotendays6. that/whichyoucanstillusewithoutalotofpain7. that/whichyoufeel8. that/whichtheflucanleadto

More About Object Relative Clauses

1 pages 209–2102. that/which/Ø;use3. that/which/Ø;do4. who/that/Ø;interact5. that/which/Ø;havebeenrunningorhaverun6. that/which/Ø;provide7. that/which/Ø;havebeengivingorhavegiven8. who/that/Ø;meet9. that/which/Ø;cause

2 page 2102. TheCDChiresmanypeoplethat/whomthe

organizationwantstoinvestigatehealthproblems.3. IntheUnitedState,76millionpeopleeachyeargetsick

fromthefoodthattheyeat.4. In2010,hundredsofpeoplebecamesickfromafood

thatnoonecouldidentify.5. Manyofthesickpeoplethat/whomhealthofficials

investigatedwerefromonestate.6. Thehealthofficialstooktheshoppercardsthatthese

peopleusedatgrocerystores.7. Theshoppercardsallhadonefoodincommonthat

investigatorsidentifiedasthesourceoftheproblem.

3 page 2112. thatvirusescause3. whomostvirusesinfect4. thatothervirusescause5. thatdoctorsthinkareserious6. whosediscoveryofavirusin1989helpedorwhose

discoveryin1989ofavirushelped7. thatmedicinescouldnotcure8. whichdoctorshavedevelopedrecently


1 pages 211–2122. c3. b4. a

5. c6. b7. b

8. c

2 page 212

Finalexamweekisatimewhostudentsworryabout.

AreyouastudentwhomfeelsbothworriedANDtired?If

so,youarelikemostoftheotherstudentswhotiredfaces

youseearoundyou.Therearewaystobeatthetiredness

who

which/that

puts

that/which

whose that/which

are

whose

that/which/Ø

who

whose


whoexamweekbrings.Sleepwhoyoumissislikefoodthat

youdon’teat.All-nightstudysessionsthatyoudependon

themarenotgoodforyou.Thefactsthatyouremember

thematmidnightwillbegonebynoon.Instead,setastudy

schedulewhomyoucanfollowwithoutmissingsleep.For

yourhealth,remember:Beforeanexam,anyeighthoursof

sleepwhoyougetisbetterthaneighthoursoflate-night

study.


1. b2. c3. a

4. c5. b6. c

7. a8. b9. c

10. a11. a12. c

13. c14. a15. b

Unit 32 Conjunctions and Adverb ClausesSpecialDays

Conjunctions

1 page 2142. but3. so4. and5. and

6. but7. and8. yet9. and

10. and11. and12. and

2 A page 2152. ,but3. and

4. ,so5. ,and

6. ,but

B page 2152. ,so3. ,yet

4. or5. ,or

6. ,yet7. ,so

C page 216Possible answers2. inFebruaryorMarch3. MardiGras,yet/butthebestandlargestcelebrationisin

NewOrleans4. wearcostumesand/ormasks5. theparadesinNewOrleansand/orontheInternetor

theparadesinNewOrleans,oryoucanseethemontheInternet

6. toNewOrleanseachyearforMardiGras,soitisverycrowded

8. struckNewOrleansin2005,but/yetthecitystillcelebratedMardiGrasin2006

Adverb Clauses

1 A pages 216–2172. Although3. because

4. because5. although

B page 2172. Eventhough3. since4. Eventhough

5. since6. Eventhough

2 pages 217–2182. becauseitisathree-dayweekendformanypeople3. Althoughpeopleenjoybarbecuesallsummer4. SinceJuly4isapatrioticholiday5. becauseitcomesinSeptember



1 pages 218–2192. b3. a4. b

5. c6. a7. a

8. b

2 page 220

Athoughtmostcountrieshaveatleast10national

holidays,Indiadoesn’t.Ithasonlythree.BecauseIndia

hassuchahugepopulation^

youmightbesurprised.

Sinceithassomanydifferentethnicandreligious

groups^

shouldn’tithavemoreholidays?Theansweris

thatitdoesalthoughtheyarenotnationalholidaysthey

arecelebratedinlargeareasofthecountry.Manycountries

havesimilarsystems.Althoughttherearefewnational

holidays,therearemanyimportantonesthatarenot

officialforthewholecountry.Forexample,becausesome

U.S.stateswanttohonorAbrahamLincolntheycelebrate

hisbirthday(February12).Onlyfourstateshavethat

holiday.StateworkersinConnecticut,Illinois,Missouri,

andNewYorkgetthedayoffeventhoughthereisno

nationalholidaynootherstatesclosegovernmentoffices

forthatholiday.Asmallpartofastatemaycelebratea

holidayalthoughtthewholestatedoesn’tcelebrateit.Even

thoughmostcitiesinthestateofMontanadonotcelebrate

ChineseNewYear,thecityofButte,Montana,hasparades

thatdaythecityishometomanyChineseAmericans.


1. b2. c3. a

4. c5. c6. b

7.a8.c9.b

10. a11. b12. b

13. a14. c15. a

that/which/Ø that/which/Ø

that/which/Ø

that/which/Ø

Although

,

,The answer is that it does. Although

they are not national holidays, they are celebrated in large

areas of the country.

Although

^,

State workers in Connecticut, Illinois, Missouri, and New

York get the day off even though there is no national

holiday. No other states close government offices for that

holiday.

although Even though

most cities in the state of Montana do not celebrate Chinese

New Year, the city of Butte, Montana, has parades that day.

The city is home to many Chinese Americans.

grammar and beyond workbook 2 answer key -...

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