GLENCOE LANGUAGE ARTS

Grammar and Language

WorkbookGRADE 9

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Handbook of Definitions and Rules .........................1Troubleshooter ........................................................21

Part 1 Grammar ......................................................45Unit 1 Parts of Speech1.1 Nouns: Singular, Plural, and Collective ....471.2 Nouns: Proper and Common;

Concrete and Abstract.................................491.3 Pronouns: Personal and Possessive;

Reflexive and Intensive...............................511.4 Pronouns: Interrogative and Relative;

Demonstrative and Indefinite .....................531.5 Verbs: Action (Transitive/Intransitive) ......551.6 Verbs: Linking .............................................571.7 Verb Phrases ................................................591.8 Adjectives ....................................................611.9 Adverbs........................................................631.10 Prepositions.................................................691.11 Conjunctions: Coordinating, Correlative,

and Subordinating; Interjections ................71Unit 1 Review ..........................................................73Cumulative Review: Unit 1 .....................................74

Unit 2 Parts of the Sentence2.12 Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates.....752.13 Complete Subjects and

Complete Predicates....................................772.14 Compound Subjects and

Compound Predicates .................................792.15 Order of Subject and Predicate...................812.16 Complements: Direct and Indirect Objects..832.17 Subject Complements and Object

Complements...............................................85Unit 2 Review ..........................................................87Cumulative Review: Units 12 ...............................88

Unit 3 Phrases3.18 Prepositional Phrases..................................893.19 Participles and Participial Phrases.............913.20 Gerunds and Gerund Phrases;

Appositives and Appositive Phrases..........933.21 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases ...............953.22 Distinguishing Participial, Gerund,

and Infinitive Phrases .................................97Unit 3 Review ..........................................................99Cumulative Review: Units 13..............................100

Unit 4 Clauses and Sentence Structure4.23 Main and Subordinate Clauses.................1014.24 Simple and Compound Sentences ...........1034.25 Complex and Compound-Complex

Sentences...................................................1054.26 Adjective Clauses ......................................1074.27 Adverb Clauses..........................................1114.28 Noun Clauses.............................................1154.29 Kinds of Sentences: Declarative

and Imperative ..........................................119

4.30 Kinds of Sentences: Interrogative and Exclamatory........................................121

4.31 Sentence Fragments ..................................1234.32 Run-on Sentences......................................125Unit 4 Review ........................................................127Cumulative Review: Units 1 4 .............................128

Unit 5 Diagraming Sentences5.33 Diagraming Simple Sentences ..................1295.34 Diagraming Simple Sentences

with Phrases ..............................................1315.35 Diagraming Sentences with Clauses.........133Unit 5 Review ........................................................137Cumulative Review: Units 15..............................138

Unit 6 Verb Tenses and Voice6.36 Regular Verbs: Principal Parts ..................1416.37 Irregular Verbs: Principal Parts ................1436.38 Tense of Verbs: Present, Past,

and Future .................................................1456.39 Perfect Tenses: Present, Past,

and Future .................................................1476.40 Tenses of Verbs ........................................1496.41 Verbs: Progressive and Emphatic Forms..1516.42 Verbs: Compatibility of Tenses.................1536.43 Voice of Verbs: Active and Passive ..........155Unit 6 Review ........................................................157Cumulative Review: Units 16 .............................158

Unit 7 Subject-Verb Agreement7.44 Subject-Verb Agreement ...........................1617.45 Subject-Verb Agreement and

Intervening Prepositional Phrases............1637.46 Subject-Verb Agreement

and Linking Verbs .....................................1657.47 Subject-Verb Agreement in

Inverted Sentences ....................................1677.48 Subject-Verb Agreement and

Special Subjects ........................................1697.49 Subject-Verb Agreement and

Compound Subjects ..................................1717.50 Subject-Verb Agreement and

Intervening Expressions............................1737.51 Subject-Verb Agreement and Indefinite

Pronouns as Subjects ................................175Unit 7 Review ........................................................177Cumulative Review: Units 17..............................178

Unit 8 Using Pronouns Correctly8.52 Personal Pronouns: Case...........................1818.53 Pronouns with and as Appositives;

After Than and As.....................................1838.54 Who and Whom in Questions and

Subordinate Clauses..................................1858.55 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

in Number and Gender .............................1878.56 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

in Person ...................................................189

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8.57 Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement withIndefinite Pronoun Antecedents ..............191

8.58 Clear Pronoun Reference ..........................193Unit 8 Review ........................................................195Cumulative Review: Units 1 8 .............................196

Unit 9 Using Modifiers Correctly9.59 Modifiers: Three Degrees

of Comparison ...........................................1999.60 Modifiers: Irregular Comparisons.............2019.61 Modifiers: Double and

Incomplete Comparisons ..........................2039.62 Using Good or Well; Bad or Badly............2059.63 Double Negatives.......................................2079.64 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers ..........209Unit 9 Review ........................................................213Cumulative Review: Units 19..............................214

Part 2 Usage...........................................................217Unit 10 Usage Glossary10.65 Usage: a to altogether ................................21910.66 Usage: amount to could of ........................22110.67 Usage: different from to regardless...........22310.68 Usage: this kind to reason is because.......22510.69 Usage: respectfully to where at .................227Unit 10 Review ......................................................229Cumulative Review: Units 110 ...........................230

Part 3 Mechanics...................................................233Unit 11 Capitalization11.70 Capitalization of Sentences ......................23511.71 Capitalization of Proper Nouns ................23711.72 Capitalization of Proper Adjectives..........239Unit 11 Review ......................................................241Cumulative Review: Units 111 ...........................242

Unit 12 Punctuation, Abbreviations, and Numbers12.73 End Punctuation: Period,

Exclamation Point, and Question Mark ...24512.74 Colons ........................................................24712.75 Semicolons ................................................24912.76 Commas and Compound Sentences .........25112.77 Commas in a Series and Between

Coordinate Adjectives...............................25312.78 Commas and Nonessential Elements .......25512.79 Commas and Introductory Phrases...........25712.80 Commas and Adverb Clauses and

Antithetical Phrases ..................................25912.81 Commas with Titles, Addresses, and

Numbers ....................................................26112.82 Commas in Direct Address, Tag

Questions, and Letter Writing ..................26312.83 Commas in Review....................................26512.84 Dashes to Signal Change and

to Emphasize .............................................26712.85 Parentheses................................................26912.86 Quotation Marks for Direct Quotations....27112.87 Quotation Marks with Titles of Short

Works, Unusual Expressions, and with Other Marks of Punctuation .....................273

12.88 Italics .........................................................27512.89 The Apostrophe.........................................27712.90 The Hyphen...............................................27912.91 Abbreviations ............................................28112.92 Numbers and Numerals ............................283Unit 12 Review ......................................................285Cumulative Review: Un