grammar at the point of need
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Grammar at the Point of Need. TexTESOL 2013 Colin S. Ward Lone Star College – North Harris. Imagine you want to teach gerunds in your writing class…. When in the writing process would you do it? What would you do with it?. Key Questions:. What grammar do you tackle in a writing class? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Grammar at the Point of NeedTexTESOL 2013Colin S. WardLone Star College – North Harris
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Imagine you want to teach gerunds in your
writing class…When in the writing
process would you do it?
What would you do with it?
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Key Questions:What grammar do you tackle in a writing class?How do you tackle grammar in a writing class? When do you tackle grammar in a writing class?
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Pre 1st Draft
Prefabs
Construct
ionGrammar
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Prefabs at Level Zero
from grammar charts to flow charts
Tourists People They
can
cross eat at see shop stay in visit walk to
a an
famous restaurant history museum hotel interesting bridge
a lot of many
colorful lights interesting stores old neighborhoods parks restaurants
I
am am not
social quiet adventurous busy sad happy
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Choose Prefabs based on need
Process: …so that I can….I want to get a degree so that I can earn more money.
Problem-Solution : By + gerund….By offering more public transportation, fewer people in Ho Chi Minh will drive to work.
Cause-Effect: …due to the time it takes to…..
Due to the time it takes to find a good job in the U.S, many immigrants decide to return to their home countries.
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A couple examples….
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Interlanguage in real time
got it…
…but not quite
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Prefabs don’t always work…
I am going to open my own beauty salon so that I want to have a lot of customers.By providing more education to children will help reduce illiteracy.Learning a new language, it will open up new doors for my life.
…so they need more practice!
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What the research says…
Construction grammar (Hinkel)
Use language “chunks”Allow students to create new “units”vocab and grammar on a continuum
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What other research says…
Analyzing is less helpful than sentence generating, combining & manipulating (Weaver)Teaching formal grammar systematically & through isolated lessons & drill doesn’t work (Weaver)Reduce overload (Myles)
Control contentModels for grammar
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What prefabs would you teach?
OpinionNarrativeClassificationDefinitionCause-effectProblem-Solution
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2nd-3rd Draft
Grammar Throwdowns
Student-
generated!
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Grammar Throwdown
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Mini-lesson
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What the research says…
Grammar chosen should reflect what students need most (DCF)Use the students’ own writing (Weaver)Teachable moments & mini-lessons (Weaver)
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Post 2nd Draft
Parallel Structure
Student-
generated!
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Parallel Structure
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Parallel Structure
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What I did not expect…
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Post 3rd Draft
Wordiness
Student-
generated!
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What the research says…
Little (or no?) research regarding wordiness in ESOL writingNo systematic way of tackling wordinessSkill often glossed over
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What native speakers are told…
despite the fact that despitedue to the fact that because in the event that ifin the vicinity of nearfor all intents and purposes X
…does not necessarily work for ESOL
students.
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Another common approach
Reduce the wordy expressions in the essay on a separate sheet of paper. Be sure to keep the meaning of the original even if you make grammar changes:
The bad effects of garbage are not limited to the personal lives of individuals and families. In fact, the effects have spread out immensely to become a social and global phenomenon affecting the whole earth and the whole universe. Garbage has invaded and threatened our lives. Pollution and toxic chemicals and substances, some of which are the result of garbage, are threatening our existence. The ESL Writer’s Handbook, Michigan ELT, 2010
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Why are ESOL students wordy?
1) Direct translation2) Insufficient vocabulary3) Lack of word form knowledge4) Lack of grammar knowledge5) Unaware of redundancy6) Attempt to fill the page
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Wordiness
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Wordiness
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Correcting Wordiness
in Action
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Correcting Wordiness
in Action
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Correcting Wordiness
in Action
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Correcting Wordiness
in Action
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Perhaps my biggest points are..
Timing is everything
Use student-generated grammar.
Be a grammar detective.
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Questions or Comments?
Email: [email protected] to PowerPoint/Handout: http://www.lonestar.edu/colin-ward.htm