GrammarAttributive Clauses( I )

--- Attributive Clauses with who/whom/that/which/who

Review the text (brainstorming)

Still remember what you have learned about Wei Hua’s school life in the UK? …

Wei Hua could get up an hour later ______ ______ as schools in Britain start around 9a.m.

• On the first day, all the students went to ______ ______, and there the headmaster told them about the rules of the school. He also said the best way to ______ respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high ______. In her class there were 29 students. That is about the ______ size for British schools. She found the homework was not as ______ as what she ______ ______ get in her old school in China.

• Her English ______ a lot as she used it every day. She usually went to the Computer Club at lunchtime, so she could ______ her family and friends back home ______ free. She enjoyed cooking and she thought it was really ______ as she learned to buy, ______ and cook food. Students at that school have to study Math, English and Science, but can ______ some subjects if they don’t like them. She ______ Chinese food a lot because English food is very different. She felt very lucky to ______ this different way of life.

•  

• Read the following sentences from the text. Try to find out what they mean and what’s special about their structure.

• 1. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.

• 2. Miss Bruke was the teacher who taught us English Literature.

• 3. All my classmates enjoyed the cake that I made.

How to modify a noun

• 1. an enjoyable experience

• 2. the rules of the school

• 3. the cake that I made

adjective

prepositional phrases

attributive clause

Introduce attributive clauses

• They all enjoyed the cake that I made.

• An attributive clause: tells which person or thing the speaker means

• An antecedent: the noun an attributive clause modifies

• An relative pronoun: the pronoun that joins the antecedent and the attributive clause

• ( 定语从句 , 先行词 , 关系代词 )

When we talk about people…

• We use who or that in an attributive clause instead of he / she / they…

The man – he lives next door – is friendly

The man who lives next door is friendly.

She was the teacher - she - taught us

She was the teacher who taught us.

•When who is an object,

it can be replaced by whomI saw the boy just now-he-is the best runner

The boy whom I saw is the best runner.

•I don’t know the teacher ____ I saw in the computer room.•The student ____ you met at the school gate is from America.

When we talk about things…

• We use that or which in an attributive clause instead of it / they…

Jack works for a factory- it makes shoes.Jack works for a factory that makes shoes.The cups – they were broken- hurt his foot.

The cups that were broken hurt his feet.

Whose

• We use whose in an attributive clause instead of his / her / its / their

• The girl – her hair is red- is singing.

The book – its cover is blue- is mine.

The girl whose hair is red is singing.

The book whose cover is blue is mine.

Read and find outP9• 1. Some of the cities in China which

he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing.

• 2. Most of the students that he taught have become his friend.

• 3. Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends.

• 4. The paintings that David donated to the school are being displayed.

Word cluster

• thin• sick• attractive

• fashionable

Karen was _____ and ______. Because she wanted to appear ______ and _______.

slim, skinny, small, underweight

weak, feel low

charming, good-looking, pretty, lovely, handsome, beautiful

stylish, trendy

Attributive clause (II)

Attributive clause with

where,when,why

How much do you know about them?

Dinosaur Yaoming Cell phone

A cell phone is a machine that/ which …

1. I often dream of having a house.

The house’s roof is red.

2. Harry Potter is the very book! I am looking for the book!

Join the two sentences

3. Twins is one of the most popular bands. The band attracts many teenagers.

4. This is my second cell phone. It can be used as a walkman.

5. I received something useless.

I didn’t know who sent it to me.

6. A girl and her dog were reported on TV last night.

They helped to catch a thief.

• 7. St. Elmhurst was so beautiful a village. I had never seen it before.

• 8. Do you know the way? He did the experiment in this way.

Do you know the way that/in

which/--- he did the

experiment?

Divide each sentence into two

1. The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.

The money is gone.

You were to buy dog food with the money.

3. We thought you were an adult from whom we could expect good decisions.

We thought you were an adult and we could expect good decisions from you.

Mr. Zhou is a good teacher.I learned a lot from him.

I left my wallet in the taxi.I came here in the taxi.

Mr. Zhou is a good teacher from whom I learned a lot.

I left my wallet in the taxi in which I came here.

Basketball is George’s favorite sport.He spent much time on the sport.

My pencil is broken. I often write homework with the pencil.

Basketball is George’s favorite sport on which he spent much time.

My pencil with which I often write homework is broken.

How are they different?

1. The park is a place to _______I often go.

2. My mother is the person from ________I got a lot of help.

The park is a place _____________I often go to.

My mother is the person ________________ I got a lot of help from.

whichwhich/ that/ --

whom

whom/ who/ that/ --

After prepositions: which

whom

1. We visited BMW factory _____________ many fashionable and expensive cars are produced.

2. The foreign student is from Manchester _____________ he was born.

3. I often think of the day _____________ I left Nanjing for Taiwan.

4. I can’t forget the moment _____________ we said good bye to each other at the station.

5. She didn’t tell us the reason ___________ she gave up her job.

in which /where

in which /where

on which /when

at which/when

for which/why

Fill in the blanks with prep.+ which/ whom

6. Remember the day ______________ we left you in charge?

7. I don’t know the reason _____________ the house is so dirty?

8. This is not a family ______________ bad behavior goes unpunished?

/when

/why

/where

on which

for which

in which

I still remember the year. He graduated in that year.

I still remember the year in which he graduated.

I still remember the year when he graduated.

This is our library.We can find many English books in the library.

This is our library in which we can find many English books.

This is our library where we can find many English books.

Carelessness was the reason. I failed the exam for this reason.

Carelessness was the reason for which I failed the exam. Carelessness was the reason why I failed the exam.

A. Do you remember the day _____ we left you in charge?

B. Do you remember the day _____________ we spent together?

Do you remember the day?We spent the day together?

Do you remember the day?We left you in charge on that day.

object

adverbial

that/ which/ --

when

A. I don’t know the reason ____ the house is so dirty?

B. She doesn’t believe the reason ___________ was given by her husband.

I don’t know the reason.

The house is dirty for that reason.

She doesn’t believe the reason.

The reason was given by her husband.

adverbial

subject

that/ which

why

A. This is not a family ______ bad behavior goes unpunished?

B. This is the family ________________ I visited with my parents.

This is not a family.Bad behavior goes unpunished in the family.

This is the family.I visited the family with my parents.

adverbial

object

that/ which/ --

where

*If the antecedent acts as a(n) _____________ in the clause, we use _____________________________.

*If the antecedent acts as a(n)

_________in the clause, we use _____________________.

subject/ objectthat; which; who; whom; whose

adverbialwhere; when; why

Function: subject; object; adverbial

Relative pronouns: that; which; who; whom; whose

Relative adverbs: where; when; why

1. This is the family ______________ I was treated well.

2. Shanghai is the city ______________ I began my first job.

This is the family ___________ helped me a lot.

Shanghai is the city ____________ I first visited in China.

Shanghai is the city __________ attracts me.

that/ which

in which/ where

in which/ where

that/ which/ --

that/ which

3. Why don’t you tell me the time _______________ the train leaves?

4. He will always remember the day ________________ he first saw her.

I regret the time ____________ was wasted in playing computer games.

The day ______________ we spent together is memorable.

that/ which

that/ which/ --

at which / when

on which/ when

5. No one knows the reason _____________ the girl refused him.

6. Can you tell me the reason ___________ you are late again?

The reason __________ was given after his being late was not acceptable.

The reason ______________ he gave us sounds good enough.

that/ which

that/ which/ --

for which/ why

for which/ why

Choose one of them and give more information about them, using as many attributive clauses as you can.

Nanjing

Jay Zhou

Cola

Summary---- 定语从句总结• 定语从句• 先行词• 关系代词• 关系副词• 定语从句使用特例

• 定语从句解题思路• （ 1 ）确定先行词和定语从句• （ 2 ）分析先行词在定语从句中担任的成分

More practice• 1. The famous basketballer ____ tried to ma

ke a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.

• A. where B. when C. which D. who

• 2. We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer.

• A. which B. that C. whose D. when

• 3. The movie brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

• A. until B. that C. when D. where

• 4. I can think of many situations ____ we can use this word.

• A. why B. which C. where D. when• 5. We will be shown around the city:

schools, museums and some other places ____ other visitors seldom go.

• A. what B. which C. where D. when• 6. Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for

his carelessness in his work?• A. he explained B. what he explained• C. how he explained D. why he explained

• 7. The gentleman ____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.

• A. to whom B. about whom • C. whom D. with whom• 8. He did all he could ____ the poor little

child.• A. to help B. help • D. helping C. helped• 9. The Great Wall is the one of the

buildings on the earth that ___seen from outer space.

• A. have been B. has been

• 10. This is the second time ____ he visited this country.

• A. that B. when C. which D. at which

• 11. This was a time ____ there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.

• A. that B. when C. which D. at which

• 12. They went to see their teacher during those days ____ he stayed in hospital.

• A. when B. which C. that D. on which

• 13. There is no dictionary ____ you can find everything.

• A. that B. which C. where D. in where• 14. He wanted to know the time ____ he

needed to finish the work.• A. that B. when C. where D. that• 15. I’d like a car ____ front lights are big

and round.• A. which B. that C. whose D. of which• 16. Is this dress ____ your cousin gave you

for your birthday?• A. which B. when C. the one D. where

Attributive clause (III)

Non-restrictive attributive clause

Non-restrictive attributive clause• (L7) I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-

Less, which are quite popular among young women here.

• (L22)The doctor found that someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong,l was an exact match for me.

• (L11) My mom, whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.

• (L42) Many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diets.

*form (, )

*meaning ( add to new information)

*tone (formal)

• The man who is in the room wants to have a talk with you.

在屋子里的那个人想和你们聊聊。

• Mr Black, who is in the room, wants to have a talk with you.

布莱克先生在屋子里，他想和你们聊聊。

• 限制性定语从句修饰和限定先行词，使其区别于其他人或其它东西。限制性定语从句与先行词关系非常密切，如删去则主句的意思就会含糊不清。限制性定语从句与主句之问通常不用标点。

• 非限制性定语从句只对先行词作补充说明，如删去不会影响主句的基本意思。我们常用逗号将非限制性定语从句与主句分开。译成汉语时，一般可用并列句表达。

More…• We’ll put off the outing until next

month, when Amy feels better.

• Beijing, where I spent my summer vacation last year, is a great city.

• I’m doing different types of exercises, all of which do good to my health.

定语从句解题思路1 确定先行词和定语从句2 分析先行词在定语从句中充当的成分：充当主语或宾语时用关系代词 which, that,

who, whom, whose

充当状语时用关系副词 when, where, why

More practice…1. Doing sports, ______ can help to lose weight, i

s becoming more and more popular among the people ________have obesity ( 肥胖 ) problem.

A. which…who B. that…thatC. that…who D. it… that2. Kofi Annan, _________ General Secretary of U

nited Nations, is working very hard for the world peace, ________ he ?

A. he… is B. who…isn’tC. who…is D. which…isn’t

3. Dorothy was always making a mountain out of a molehill, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which C. this D. what

4. Recently I bought an ancient vase, ____ was very reasonable.

A. which price B. the price of which

C. its price D. the price of whose

5. Have you seen the movie “Titanic”, ____ main actor is world-famous?

A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which

6. We’ll be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ others seldom go.

A. what B. which C. where D. when

7. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Amy’s house.

A. when B. where C. what D. which

8. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ____ are sold abroad.

A. of which B. which of

C. of them D. of those

9. The journey around the world took Captain Alison nine months, ____ the sailing time was 226 days.

A. of which B. during which

C. from which D. for which