grammar book
TRANSCRIPT
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Grammar Book
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1) Pretérito
2) Trigger Words for the preterite
3) Car- Gar-Zar
4) Spock Verbs
5) Cucaracha Verbs
6) Snake
7) Snakey
8) Imperfect
9) Trigger words for Imperfect
10) Irregulars
11) Preterite Vs. Imperfect
12) Ser Vs. Estar
13) Verbs like gustar
14) Comparative/ Superlative
15) Connecting Verbs
16) Future
17) Trigger Words for Future
18) Irregular
19) Por
20) Para
21) Conditional/ Irregulares
22) Conditional/ Irregular
24) Perfect Tense -Present-Past- Present Perfect irregular
25) Subjunctive26) Tanto & Tan 27) Impersonal “se”28) Saber vs Conocer 29)Los Mandatos 30)Informal/ Formal 31) Affirmative32)Negative33) Irregular 34)D.O.P/ I.O.P placement35) Trigger Phrases36) Impersonal expressions37)Expressions of Emotions38)Conjunctions of Time 39)Demonstrative Adjectives40)Demonstrative Pronouns.
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the completed past tense action.
For actions that were repeated a specific number of times.
To state the beginning or the end of an action.
For an action that occured during a specific period of time.
For actions that can be viewed as single events.
Specific.
• yo -• Tu -ASTE• El, ella -• Nosotros -AMOS • Ellos -ARON
É Í
Ó
-Í-ISTE-I Ó
-IMOS-IERON
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Ayer ………………….yesterdayLa semana pasada..last weekAnoche ……………..last night
el mes pasado…….last monthel otro día………….the other day
el año pasado……..last yearentonces…………….then
hace dos días, años…two days , years agoesta mañana……….this morning
ayer por la mañana………yesterdaymorning
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• -car: qué -gar: gué
• -zar: cé
• ONLY IN THE YO FORM!!
Sacar Saque Indicar indique Explicar explique
Pagar Pague Jugar jugueLlegar Llegue
Almorzar AlmorceCruzar Cruce Lanzar Lance
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Non-similar Verbs:
Hacer
Similar Verbs:
dar/verDi vi Diste visteDio vioDimos vimosDieron vieron
ir./serFuifuistefuimosfuefueron
HiceHicisteHizoHicimoshicieron
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• Andar -anduv
• Estar-estuv
• Poder-pud
• Poner -pus
• Querer-quis
• Saber -sup
• Tener-tuv
• Venir -vin
E I Aste IsteO Io Amos ImosAron Ieron
Ejemplos:
AnduveEstuvisteP
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Snake *Conjugation only changes when the verb is used in the 3rd
person*Verbs changing from “E-I”:–Pedir –Preferir –Competir –Repetir –Servir –Sentir –Venir *Verbs changing from “O-U”:–Dormir –Morir
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Snakey
*Conjugation only changes when the verb is used in the 3rd person
*Verbs changing from “E-I”:
–Leer
–Creer
*Verbs changing from “O-U”
–Oir
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For Actions that were repeated habitually
For actions that “ sell the stage” for another past action
For telling time
For Stating one’s age
For mental states (usually)
For physical sensations
To describe the characteristics of people, things, or conditions
Yo abaTu abasEl, Ella, Usted abaNosotros abamosEllos,Ellas, Ustedes abanVosotros abais
ia
iasianiaiamosiais
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Menudo often
generalmente usually
a veces sometimes
muchas veces many times
cada día every day
siempre always
cada año every year
todo el tiempo all the time
de vez en cuando from time to time
varias veces several times
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•IR/Er
•ia
•ias
•ia
•iamos
•iais
•ian
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•Cuando era niña yo era muy descuidado pero siempre chulo.•Tenía un mascota.
Imperfect Verbs Preterite
•Talía habló dos horas.•Conocí a Alejandro hace cinco años.
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Ejemplos:•John is fascinated by cars. A John, le fascinan los coches•He likes Americans . Le caen bien los Americanos .
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Adjective: Comparative: Superlative:~ bueno ~Mejor que ~ el/ la mejor ~ malo ~peor que ~ el/la peor ~ viejo ~Mayor que ~ el/la mayor ~ joven ~ menor que ~el/ la menor
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AunqueMientras
Por lo tantoSin Embargo
A pesar de Tambien
Pero
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I, you, he/she, we, you, they will YoNosotrosTuVosotros
El *Ella*Usted*
UstedesEllosEllas
Infintive
e amosaseis
a
an
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Trigger words
Expressions that indicate FutureManana /Pasada mananaSemana/ mes/ ano que veineAno pasado/ano proximoEs una/ tres/ hora dos
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Irregulares
Decir …………………………………. Dir Hacer ………………………………... HarPoner………………………………….PondrSalir …………………………………….SaldrTener …………………………………..TendrQuerer………………………………….QuerValer……………………………………..ValdrVenir ……………………………………..VendrPoder …………………………………….PodrHaber……………………………………..HabrSaber……………………………………...SabrCaber…………………………………….Cabr
•H
app
y f
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Passing through…….. Pasa por tejas
General rather than specific…Portugal
How long something lasts……Forever
The cause of something ……purpose
An exchange….import/export
Doing something instead of something else…pay for me
Transportation….car
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For whom something is done……surprise party
Destination(specific)…..paraguay
The purpose for which something is done…
To express an opinion.. Perdon me
To compare and contrast…..
To express an idea of deadline… para manana.
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Hello íaíasíaíamosíaisían
Con frecuencia, la condición se traduce generalmente como sería, podría, debe tener o probablemente.
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combinando el verbo auxiliar "tiene" o "tener" con el participio pasado.
He Past participle- used as an adjective
Has * Talia le ha dado mucho
Ha dinero a su hermana
Hemos
Habis Present Participle-
Han
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Past participle
“had”
HabiaHabiasHabiaHabiamosHabian
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Present Perfect irregulares
• Hemos Puesto
• Han Escrito
• Ha Abierto
• Ha muerto
• Han visto
• Ha dicho
• Has vuelto
• Hemos echo.
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Subjunctive Perfect
• Compound tense of the present subjunctive of haber and the past participle of the main verb.
Yo- haya hablado Tu- hayas hablado El/ella/ud- haya hablado Nosotros- hayamos hablado Vosotros- hayais hablado Ellos/ellas/uds- hayan hablado.
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Tan + adjective/ adverb + comoForming comparison of equalities with adjectives or adverbs
Ej: El libros tan bueno como la pelicula
Tantos + noun+ comoForming comparisons of equalities with nouns
Ej: Lola tiene tanto galleta coma Talia.
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Impersonal se
• Use “se” to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb.
When using se the verb is always in the 3rd
person.Ejemplo: Aqui se hablaespanol
Se can be used in all tenses.
Se hizo mucho Se habia hecho
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Saber : To know:a fact
info How to do something
Por ejemplo: ShakiraSabe un hecho.
Conocer: to know: to know a person
Place Literary Works
Por ejemplo: Conozco Lola.
Saber +Infinitive= know how
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Los mandatos
To command someone to
do something.
Por ejemplo:
Lavarse las manos!
No pegar tu hermano
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Informal/ Formal
In the tu form and can beaffirmative or negative.
Ej: compra los dulces
In the ustedes form and can beaffirmative or negative.
Ej: Compre la mochila.
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Affirmative/ Negative
Affirmative: Regular
Conjugate in the tu form and drop the “s” add pronoun if nessessary
Irregular
Di;haz;ve;pon;sal;se;ten;ven or put in the tu stem change and drop the “s”.
Negative: Regular
Put it in the yo form, change to the opposite vowel ending and add an “s”. Place pronoun before the verb.
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Dop/Lop placement
Place before verb Answer the questions of who and what?
Me Te Lo, La NosLos, Las
Place before verbAnswer the question of to whom and from whom?
Me Te Le NosLes
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Nosotros Commands
Used when a speaker is included, used to express lets+ verb
Opposite nosotros ending
Ej: Comamos Alli
For negative, just add no before verb for the negative
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Mono Verbs
With affirmative nosotros commands, the final “S” isdropped before adding the pronouns- nos or –se
Ej: sentemos + nos= sentemonosBut with negative nosotros commands, the pronoun
comes before the verbEj: no nos sentemos
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Trigger Phrases
A menos que Antes que Cuando Dudar que En canto Es bueno que Es imposible que Es malo que Querer que Sin que Negar que Hasta que En raro que Es mejor que Es posible que
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Impersonal Expressions
Allow you to clearly communicate many different ideas by using only a few words.
Es preciso que
Es urgent que
Es importante que
Es malo que
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Expressions of Emotions
• Es bueno que- its good that
• Es facil que- its easy that
• Es una lastima que- it’s a pity that
• Es malo que- its too bad that
• Es peor que- its worse that
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Conjunctions of time
Asi que- as soon as
Cuando- when
Despues de- after
Es cuanto- as soon as
Hasta que – until
Luego que- later
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Demonstrative Adjectives
Masculine:Singular: este Plural: estos
ese esosaquel aquellos
Feminine:Singular: esta Plural: estas
esa esasaquella aquellas
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Demonstrative pronouns
Masculine: Singular : éste Plural: éstos
ése ésosaquél aquéllos
Feminine:Singular: ésta Plural:
ésa
aquélla
éstasésasaquéllas
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