grammar book

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Page 1: Grammar book
Page 2: Grammar book

Que vs. Cual

Ser

Estar

Gustar

Transition Words

Imperfects

Trigger Words

Acabar de +infinitivo

Formulas and Hacer expressions

Verbs like gustar

Reflexive verbs

DOP and Placement

Preterite

Page 3: Grammar book

Cual?- Which?

Que?- What?

Cual is used for selection from a group

Que is used when asking for defintion

Page 4: Grammar book

Descriptions- Que es?

Origin- De donde es?

Characteristics- Como es?

Time- Que hora es?

Occupation- Que hace?

Relationships- Quien es?

Possession- De quien es?

Events- Cuando/Donde es?

Dates- Que dia es hoy?

Page 5: Grammar book

Health- Como estas?

Emotions- Como estas?

Location (en)- Donde estas?

Present Condition- Como estas?

Ing- Ques esta haciendo?

Page 6: Grammar book

Subjects

› Me gusta

› Te gusta

› Le gusta

› Nos gusta

› Os gusta

› Les gusta

Emphasis

› A me me gusta.

› A ti te gusta

› A usted/el/ella le

gusta

› A nosotros nos gusta

› A vosotros os gusta

› A ustedes/ellos/ellas

les gusta

Page 7: Grammar book

Y

Tambien

Ni

O

Para

Pero

Asi

Luego

Nunca

Ahora

Primero

Despues

Ni

Por

Asi

Entonces

And

Also

Nor

Or

For

But

So

Later

Never

Soon

Now

First

After

Neither nor

Because of this

Causing this to appen

Then

Page 8: Grammar book

Imperfect –ar Verbs

-aba -abamos

-abas -abais

-aba -aban

Se

-era -eramos

-eras -erais

-era -eran

Imperfect –er/ir

-ia -iamos

-ias -iais

-ia -ias

Ve

-veia -veiamos

-veias -veiais

-veia -veian

Page 9: Grammar book

-iba -ibamos

-ibas -ibais

-iba -iban

Uses

› Past tense

› Repeated Action

› Continual Action

› Not a specific

moment

› Time/date/age/feeli

ngs/descriptions

› Interrupted activity

Page 10: Grammar book

Todos los dias A menudo

A veces

Siempre

Cada dias Los Lunes

Generalmente

Mientras

De vez en cuando Muchas veces

Frecuentemente

Page 11: Grammar book

To have just finished

-acabo de -acabamos de

-acabas de -

-acaba de -acaban de

Page 12: Grammar book

Hace + time+ que+ conjugated verb› Used to talk about how much time you’ve been

doing something

Hay + que + infinitive› Used to talk about what needs to be or must be

done

Se prohibe + infinitive› Tells what is prohibited

Se permite + infinitive› Tells what is permitted

Ir + a + infinitive› Tells what someone is going to do

› Conjugate ir

Page 13: Grammar book

Must have indirect object

“to whom?” or “for whom?”

Ex: fascinar, faltar, encantar, importar,

interestar, molestar, doler

Page 14: Grammar book

Reflects action upon self

Subject is “do-er” and reciever of action

End in –se

Subject and object are the same

Ex: ducharse, lavarse, ponerse, peinarse

Reflexive pronouns› Me nos

› Te os

› Se se

Page 15: Grammar book

Affirmative› Conjugate verb to “tu” form, drop the “s”

› Add an accent mark to the 3rd to last syllable when syllabification changes

Negative› Conjugate verb to “yo” form, change the last letter to the

opposite vowel (ar->e, ir/er->a), add “s”

Irregulars› Di- decir

› Haz- Hacer

› Ve- ir

› Pon- poner

› Sal- salir

› Se- Ser

› Ten- tener

› Ven- Venir

Page 16: Grammar book

Attaches to:

› Infinitive verbs (ex: voy a comerlo)

› Tu commands (ex:comelo!)

› Present progressive (gerunds) (ex: comiendolo)

› -me -nos

› -te -os

› -lo/la -los/las

Page 17: Grammar book

Used for completed

actions in the past

-ar verbs

-e -amos

-aste -

-o -aron

-ir/er verbs

-I -imos

-iste -

-io -ieron