Grammar Book

By: Selena Pollack

Period 5

12/9/2010

Table of Contents1. Title Page 17. Future2. Table of Contents 18. Future Irregulars3. Preterite 19. Future Triggers4. Trigger Words 20. Por5. Car Gar Zar 21. Para 6. Spock 22. Refranes7. Cucaracha Verbs8. Snake9. Snakey10. Imperfect11. Imperfect Irrelgulars12. Preterite vs. Imperfect13. Ser vs. Estar14. Verbs like Gustar15. Comparitives and Superlatives16. Transition Words

Preterite

Used depending on context and point of view of the speaker

Used to express actions that are completed.

Expresses the beginning or end of a past action.

Used for actions completed a certain number of times

ER- iisteioimosieron

Ar-easteoamosaron

Used for actions completed during a specific time period.

Used for actions completed during a chain of events.

Trigger WordsImperfect Trigger Words Preterite Trigger Words

A veces Un dia

Mientras Una vez

Cada dia Ayer

Frequentamente Hace un ano

Siempre Ya

Todos los dias El martes

Muchas veces El mas pasado

A menudo Ante ayer

De vez en Por una hora

Cuando Por fin

Los lunes Anoche

Car Gar Zar Verbs

Car Gar Zar

In the Preterite, “car” verbs change to “que”

In the Preterite, “gar” verbs change to “gue”

In the Preterite, “zar” verbs change to “ce”

Spock Verbs

Hacer

Ser Ir Dar

Ve

r

Cucaracha VerbsAndar

Estar

Poder

Poner

Querer

Saber

Tener

Venir

Conducir

Decir

Hacer

Traer

Anduv- *anduve

Estuv- *estuve

Pud- *Pude

Pus- *Puse

Quis- *Quise

Sup- *Supe

Tuv- *Tuve

Vin- *Vine

Conduj- *Conduje

Dij- *Dije

Hic- *Hice

Traj- *Traje …etc.

Snake VerbsSnake Verbs change tense in the el/ella/usted and the ellos/ellas/usteded forms.

Example:

Dormi Dormimos

Dormiste

DURMIO DORMIERON

Snakey VerbsSnakey verbs also change in the el/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes forms.

Except! they change to a y.

Lei Leimos

Leiste

LEYO LEYERON

This also works with verbs like Creir.

`

`

`

Imperfect

AR-

aba

abas

aba

abamos

aban

ER/IR-

ia

ias

ia

iamos

ian

Imperfect/Preterite Irregulars

These are the Preterite and Imperfect Irregular verbs and their conjugations:

IR- SER- VER-

Iba Ibamos

Ibas

Iba Iban

Era Eramos

Eras

Eran Eran

Veia Veiamos

Veiamos

Veia Veian

Preterite vs. ImperfectNot Interchangeable!!

Used depending on context and point of view of speaker.-Used to express actions that are COMPLETED. -Expresses the beginning or end of the past action. -Used for actions completed a certain number of times, during a specific period of time, or chain of events. AR- ER-e iaste isteo ioamos imosaron ieron

Also used depending on context and point of view of speaker. -Used to express an ongoing past actions with no reference to it’s beginning or end. NOT COMPLETED. -Describes physical or emotional states or characteristics, time, and age. -Used for actions completed habitually. AR- ER- aba iaabas ias aba ia abamos iamosaban ian

PreteriteImperfect

IrregularesIR SER VERIba era veiaIbas eras veiasIba era veiaIbamos eramos veiamos

Iban eran veian

``

``

`

``

SER ESTAR

Descriptions

Dates

Events

Possessions

Relationships

Occupations

Time

Origin

Characteristics

Health

Emotions

Location

Present Condition

ING- endings

*DOCTOR PED *HELP-ING

USED FOR: USED FOR:

Verbs like Gustar

Aburrir, Encantar, Faltar, Fascinar, Importar, Interesar, Apetecer, Sorprender, Preocupar, Dolar, Quedar, Molestar, Caer, Disgustar, Importar, Sobrar

When gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of gustar is always used. These verbs are verbs that are conjugated the same way in every tense.

Comparatives and Superlatives

Comparatives and superlatives are used in the context of comparing and contrasting. The most common uses are:

--Menos..de/que

--Mas..deque

--Mejor..de/que

--Mayor..de/que

--Peor..que

--Menor..que

--Tan..como

Ex. Senora Linares es mas alta que Selena.

Irregulars:

Bueno > Mejor

Malo > Peor

Viejo > Mayor

Joven > Menor

Transition Words

Aunque-

Tambien-

Mientras-

A pesar de-

Pero-

Por lo tanto-

Sin embargo-

Even though

Also

While

In spite of

But

Therefore

Nevertheless

Future

Yo = Infinitive + e

Tu = Infinitive + as

El/Ella/Usted = Infinitive + a

Nosotros = Infinitive + emos

Ellos/Ellas/Usetedes = Infinitive + an

EXAMPLE:

Gustare Gustaremos

Gustaras

Gustara Gustaran

`

`

`

`

Future IrregularsDar – Dir

Hacer – Har

Poner – Pondr

Salir – Saldr

Tener – Tendr

Caber – Cabr

Valer – Valdr

Poder – Podr

Querer – Quer

Saber – Sabr

Haber – Habr

Vendir – Vendr

Future Triggers

En el futuro Proximo`

Manana~El Proximoano`

POR• Passing through – PORtal

•General location- PARAguay

•How long something lasts- PORever

•The cause of something-PORpuse

•An exchange- imPORt/exPORt

•Doing something in the place of something else- Im POR, pay

me.

•A means of transPORtation

PARA

• For whom something is done –surprise PARAty

•Destination- PARAguay

• The purpose for which something is done –PARAsite/PARAchute

• To express an opinion – PARAdon me, but..

• To contrast or compare -ComPARAsons

•To express an idea of a deadline -PARAmedic

Refranes

• Ovejas bobas, por donde anda una, andan todas.• Quien mas sabe, mas duda.• Quieres tener un amigo verdadero? Ten un perro. • Un dedo no hace mano. Pero ayuda a sus hermanos. • Amigos leal, castillo real.• Mas vale un hoy, que diez mananas. • No hay rosa sin espinas.• Muchas manos en un plato, siempre causan arrebato. • Aunque la mona se viste de seda, mona se queda.