grammar book first check
TRANSCRIPT
By Zoilo Broach
1. Nationalities
2. Stem Changing Verbs
3. Para
4. IOP
5. Pronoun Placement
6. Gustar
7. Affirmative and Negative Words
8. Superlatives
9. Reflexives
10. Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement
11. negative tu command + irregulars + pronoun placement
12. Sequencing events
o > ue
• Poder, Puede
e > i
• Pedir, Pide
e > ie
• Tener, Tiene
u > ue
• Jugar, Juega
-Means “for” or “in order to”
Tells “to whom” or “for whom”
Can :
- Come before a verb
- attach to an infinitive
- attach to a gerund
- attach to an affirmative command
1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
2. Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense
3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb
Means “to like”
Follows an indirect object pronoun
Example: He likes to eat.
- Le gusta come.
Negative
Nada
Nadie
Ninguno
Nunca
tampoco
Affirmative
Algo
Alguien
Alguna
Siempre
Tambien
Expresses extremes in adjectives. Drop the last vowel and add the ending –isimo(a). If last consonant is c, g, or z then spelling is changed.
c > qu
g > gu
Z > c
When the direct object is also the doer then a pronoun called a reflexive is added in front of the verb.
These are me, te, se, nos, and se.
Use the correct pronoun, put in tu form and drop the s.
He shaves himself : Se afeita
When giving instructions/commands to someone.
Put verb in tu form and drop the s.
Example : Comer – Come
Telling someone not to do something
Put in yo form, change to opposite vowel, and add an s.
ar > e
er/ir > a
Example : No hables
Primero = First
Entonces = Next
Antes = Before
Despues = After
Por fin = Finally
-Ar verbs
e amos
Aste asteis
o aron
-Er verbs
I imos
iste isteis
io ieron
Un dia One day
Una vez Once
Ayer Yesterday
A noche At night
Hace un ano A year ago
Ya Already
El mes pasado Last month
Anteayer Day before yesterday
Por una hora For one hour
Por fin Finally
Una dia One day
A las ocho At eight
Dos veces twice
-car > que Tocar > toque
-gar > gue Jugar > jugue
-zar > ce Comenzar > comence
Deber = should
Use Deber + infinitive
Example : Yo debo bailo.
Debo Debemos
Debes Debeis
debe Deben
Modal verb examples : deber, desear, necesitar, poder.
No side-by-side conjugated verbs
Example: Yo debo canto = Incorrect
-er and –ir verbs change to –iendo
-ar verbs change to –ando
If verb ends in a double vowel (like leer) it changes to yendo
Example: Cantar > Cantando
Mover > Moviendo
If ending in –o or –a adjective changes to –amente.
If ending in –e or a consonant then add –mente
Example: Feliz > Felizmente
Rapido > Rapidamente