Gran Sasso Untergrundlabor (Italien)150 km von Rom

Gran Sasso Untergrundlabor (Italien)150 km von Rom

Rom

Autostrada

Teramo

-7171 eGeGa +→+ev Ev > 233 keV

Extraction of 71Ge (as GeCl4) in GALLEX

Conversin to GeH4

e7171 vGaGe +→+−e

T1/2 = 11.4 d

expected without oscillation

Result: 77.5 +/- 8 SNU

SSM prediction: 129 +8/-6 SNU (BP98)

Result: 77.5 +/- 8 SNU

SSM prediction: 129 +8/-6 SNU (BP98)

Gallex / GNO Ergebnisse

Gesamt: 69.3 ± 4.1 ± 3.6 SNU

SSM

Messung

Baksan Valley, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia

SAGE (soviet american gallium experiment)Heute: BNO (Baksan Neutrino Observatory)

Elbrus 5642m

SAGE Ergebnis

Gesamt: 66.9 +5.3-5.0 SNU

Insgesamt: GALLEX/GNO & SAGE: 68.1 ± 3.75 SNU

Abbildung der Sonne im “Neutrinolicht” (Super-Kamiokande)

Detection of solar neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande:Elastic neutrino – electron scattering

νe,μ,τ νe,μ,τ

t

s

ve can interact via CC + NC

vμ and vτ can only interactvia NC!

(Kinematics like Compton effect)

−− +→+ evev xx (dominated by ve)

Superkamiokande:

Solar neutrino

This is a real event (not Monte Carlo), recorded on 1998-03-12 14:08:40.

It is about 12.5 MeVand has an unusually nice, well-defined ring.

The color scale is time.

First generation of experiments First generation of experiments SAGE71Ga

Gallex71Ga

Raymond Davis Jr.

Homestake37Cl

Masatoshi KoshibaMasatoshi Koshiba

Kamiokande+ SuperK

H2O Cerenkov

dissapearance of ve!solar neutrino puzzle

The Solar Neutrino Puzzle

Energy Threshold (MeV)

Dat

a/SS

M(B

P98)

Gallex Sage

HomestakeSK

Kamiokande

233 keV 814 keV 6.5 MeV

Energy dependent deficit

Creighton Mine (Nickel)Sudbury, CanadaCreighton Mine (Nickel)Sudbury, Canada

Depth 2070m

1000t D2O1000t D2O

9500 PMTs9500 PMTs

INCO mining co.

Viele interessante Erze wg. Meteoriteneinschlag!

SNO – Creighton Mine

Neutrino detection in SNO

xx vnpdv ++→+

−++→+ eppdv e

−− +→+ evev ee

NC

CC

ES

γ

Neutrino - Electron Scattering Event

Neutron detction in SNO

SNO Result (salt-phase)(PRL 92, 181301, 2004)

SNO Result (salt-phase)(PRL 92, 181301, 2004)

• 1/3 der ve kommen auf der Erde an.• 2/3 der ve kommen als vμ oder vτ an.• Gemessener Gesamtneutrinofluss = SSM

Ergebnis der ersten Phase (one Salz):"Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Tranformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory“,

The SNO Collaboration Phys. Rev. Lett. volume 89, No. 1, 011301 (2002).

Ergebnis der ersten Phase (one Salz):"Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Tranformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory“,

The SNO Collaboration Phys. Rev. Lett. volume 89, No. 1, 011301 (2002).

Lösung des solaren Neutrinorätsels: Es liegt an den Neutrinos