grand challenges: e-research in the arts and humanities on a scale of one to ten, how important do...
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Grand Challenges:
E-research in the arts and humanities
On a scale of one to ten, how important do you consider web and internet resources are in your research or routine work?
1 = superfluous10= vital
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What do people mean by E-science and E-research?Why have the arts and humanities arrived late?What sorts of things can we do with E-Research?What sorts of infrastructure is there already?
Grand Challenges:
E-research in the arts and humanities
Dr William Kilbride
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What do people mean by E-science and E-research? 1
‘E’: it deploys innovative computingResearch: it’s about discovery and explorationMassive: it exploits enormous data setsVirtual: it’s collaborative
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What do people mean by E-science and E-research? 2
Science: it tends to be positivist / hypothetico-deductiveDistributed: it challenges organisational boundariesStandards: it uses mutually compatible systems
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What do people mean by E-science and E-research: material concerns
Specific R&D programme (time limited)Led by DTI and NESCResearch CouncilsE-social scienceAnd as of last week … E-research in the humanities
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Why have the arts and humanities arrived late? Organisational reasons
Still coming to terms with the Internet?!No Research CouncilNo specific fundingICT skills are harder to findCollaboration is weakerMuch wider range of disciplinesGroups are cellular and modularRAE rewards (historically) less clear
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Why have the arts and humanities arrived late? Intellectual reasons? 1Fragmented and partial data: interpolation is riskyParticularist and historical: rules are contentiousDiscovery and exploration: nothing to exploreInterpretative: data constituted differently
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Why have the arts and humanities arrived late? Intellectual reasons? 2Standards: naming things is controversialLocalisation of specialisation: small set of global issuesPace: change is slowerNeed: we already do what we doBUT strong tradition of research into research processAND rapid changes in our expectations of ICT
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What can we do with E-research in the humanities?
Text mining for linguistsPattern matching for musiciansVisualisation for archaeologistsData crunching for historiansSimulation modelling for economists
But not just for its own sake!What are our Grand Challenges?
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What do we need to do and what infrastructure is there already?
Standards-based data sharingOntology building Data archivesVirtual research environments
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Standards-based Data Sharing: infrastructure we can re-use
ARENA: Archaeological Records of Europe Network AccessMultiple datasourcesNo single languageOverlapping data sets
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RO
Portal
What
Where
When
NO
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DK
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Data
Layer
Search
and re
trieval
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Sta
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And O
AI P
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Tra
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Pre
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RO
Portal
What
Where
When
NO
PL
IS
DK
UK
Data
Layer
Search
and re
trieval
Usin
g m
ix o
f open
Sta
ndard
s: Z39
.50
And O
AI P
MH
Tra
nsla
tion La
yer:
Six
lang
uage m
ini
thesa
uru
s, lat/lo
ng
an
d p
erio
d lo
oku
p
Pre
senta
tion La
yer
Analy
tical La
yer
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Standards-based Data Sharing: issues
AuthenticationLittle incentive to build such systemsFocus is on searching not processingImported Standards
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Not just word matching but finding the domain relevanceCross walk from one vocabulary to anotherPrimitive set of concepts: conceptual reference model•Begins to exist•Ceases to exist•Occurred at place•Caused to be created (etc)…Relationship between things and eventsDegrees of separation
Ontology building: making explicit the links between concepts
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Ontology building: making explicit the links between concepts
King Ine
Wessex
705 AD
Hamwic
‘H’ series sceatta
Cotton MS
Ine was King of Wessex in 705 AD when the Cotton MS originates and the port of Hamwic (aka Southampton) was active and creating sceatta coins
These are found in contexts with pottery from Rouen
X is linked to Y through process AY is linked to Z through process BX is linked to Z through process AB
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Ontology building:
issues
Standards need more developmentNeed to be a lot more controversialStandards are not neutral!This is not research: a way to begin researchLink to semantic web
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Data Archives: open, accessible and secure
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Data Archives:
issues
Archives need grid enabledArchives need to be populatedFile formats and documentationRights management
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Virtual research environments: collaborative working spaces
Need to re-imagine how we workThreat to organisational boundariesDiscipline group as single VO?OASIS example …
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OASIS:OASIS: Current situationCurrent situation
Fieldwork unit Print out Backlog Local Govt.
Print outNational MonumentsRecord
Backlog
Post
Post
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OASIS:OASIS: Current situationCurrent situation
Exhaustion!10,000 unpublished or “grey literature” reportsResearch GapPublic excludedBacklogs of data
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In an ideal world the machines In an ideal world the machines should do the talking …should do the talking …
Fieldwork input Print out Backlog Local Archive
govt
Print outNational agency
Backlog
Post
Post
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But at each point where data is keyed in, it is validated by experts …
Local govt: local knowledgeIs this what it claims to be?Do we have monuments like that here?That’s the wrong parish nameThat field unit is no good
National Agency: national standardsIt’s not MIDAS compliantIt’s not like other recordsThe terminology is differentThat SMR is very good
So need to capture the validation process but eliminate the drudgery
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Fieldwork
Local SMR
National Monuments Records
ArchSearch
OASIS record
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A+H has come late to e-research•Good reasons and badBig opportunities•Financial, intellectual, culturalNeeds to be research ledNeeds to be collaborativeAdditional not instead of
E-research in the arts and humanities:
Bland conclusions
Dr William Kilbride