PRESENTED BY

MUHAMMAD USMAN SOHBAN

Uncontrolled excessive

activity of either part or

all of the central

nervous system.

Two types :-

LOCALIZED EPILEPSY :-

Epilepsy that occurs because

of excessive discharge of

impulses from one part of

the brain is called localized

epilepsy.

Epilepsy that occurs

due to excessive

discharge of impulses

from all parts of brain is

called as generalized

epilepsy.

Grand Mal Epilepsy

Petit Mal Epilepsy

Psychomotor

Epilepsy

It is characterized by extreme nuronaldischarges/abnormal electric activity in all areas of the brain i.e

Cerebral cortex

Deeper parts of cerebellum

Brain stem

Tonic phase. Loss of consciousness occurs, and the muscles suddenly contract and cause the person to fall down. This phase tends to last about 10 to 20 seconds.

Clonic phase. The muscles go into rhythmic contractions, alternately flexing and relaxing. Convulsions usually last for less than two minutes

DECORTICATE POSTURE !!!!!!!!

Aura. ( warning feeling just like

numbness)

Tounge bite

Loss of bowel and bladder control

Unresponsiveness after convulsions

Confusion

Fatigue

Severe headache

The first is the disinhibition of the red nucleus with facilitation of the rubrospinaltract.

The rubrospinal tract overweighs the medial and lateral vestibulospinal andpontinereticulospinal tract and thus causes flextionof upper limbs.

The corticospinal tract is interrupted.

the pontine reticulospinal and the medial and lateral vestibulospinal biased extension tracts greatly overwhelm the medullary reticulospinal biased flexion tract.

Abnormal, rhythmic nerve cell (neuron) activity in the brain.However, grand mal seizures are sometimes caused by underlying health problems, such as:

Heriditary predisposition

Very low blood levels of glucose, sodium, calcium or magnesium

Traumatic head injuriesUsing or withdrawing from drugs,

including alcoholBrain tumorsStrokes Infections, such as encephalitis or

meningitis, or history of such infection Injury due to a previous lack of oxygenBlood vessel malformations in the brainGenetic syndromes (in most people )

A family history of seizure disorders

Any injury to the brain from trauma, stroke, previous infection and other causes

Sleep deprivation

Medical problems that affect electrolyte balance

Illicit drug use

Heavy alcohol use

Neurological exam :- Reflexes

Muscle tone

Muscle strength

Sensory function

Gait

Posture

Coordination

Balance

Blood tests and scans

MRI

(EEG)

Treatment usually involves the

use of anti-seizure medications.

Valproic acid

Zonisamide etc