grand rounds purtscher’s retinopathy
DESCRIPTION
Grand Rounds Purtscher’s Retinopathy. Mark A. Ihnen, M.D. University of Louisville Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences 4 /4/2014. Presentation. CC : “ I can’t make out faces with my right eye. ” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Grand RoundsMark A. Ihnen, M.D.
4/4/2014
1
Presentation
CC: “I can’t make out faces with my right eye.”
HPI: 40 WM c/o blurred central vision OD after being struck by a car while changing a flat tire on an interstate off-ramp. The patient also sustained multiple rib fractures/pneumothorax and a laceration to the left ear. Transported to UL Emergency Department.
2
Presentation
IOP: WNL OU
EOM: Full OU
Clinical Photos
Fundus video OD demonstrating large peripapillary cotton-wool spots and superficial hemorrhages.
Inpatient Clinical Course
Patient’s left ear was surgically repaired
Thoracostomy tube was removed, stable for discharge.
Arranged to follow-up on the day of discharge in our Retina Clinic.
Dilated Fundus Exam: Clinic Photos
Color fundus photo of the right eye demonstrating multiple, large, peripapillary, cotton-wool spots and superficial hemorrhages. Note the intervening clear zones between each CWS sparing vessels.
Dilated Fundus Exam: Clinic Photos
Color fundus photo of the left eye: Normal.
HVF 24-2 OU
OS
OD
OCT image of right eye demonstrating elevation corresponding to large superficial cotton wool spot.
SD-OCT (OS)
OCT image of the left eye demonstrating normal foveal contour.
FA of OD
Mid phase FA of right eye demonstrating multiple areas of hypofluorescence corresponding to large CWS.
FA of OD
Late phase FA of right eye demonstrating multiple areas of hypofluorescence corresponding to large CWS with small amount of late leakage.
FA of OS
Assessment and Plan
40 WM presenting with central scotoma OD and multiple peripapillary CWS following a thoracic compression injury.
DDX:
Lost to follow-up.
Purtscher’s Retinopathy
First described by Dr. Othmar Purtscher (1852–1927) in 1910.
Originally observed in two severely traumatized patients with head injuries.
Fully described in a publication in 1912 by Dr. Purtscher.
True Purtscher's retinopathy, as first described, is always associated with a traumatic injury.
When there is a non-traumatic etiology the correct designation is Purtscher-like retinopathy.
http://www.mrcophth.com/ophthalmologyhalloffame/purtscher.html
Clinical Presentation
Patients present with decreased visual acuity, often sudden (usually within 48 hours) and severe (20/200 or worse)
History of compression injury to chest, head or long bone fracture (fat embolism syndrome)
Fundoscopic signs include peripapillary cotton wool spots and/or superficial hemorrhages in over 92% of cases.
Purtscher flecken are considered pathognomic, but only occur in 50% of cases.
Typically bilateral but many times unilateral.
Purtscher-like Retinopathy
Associations include:
Acute pancreatitis
Indication of multiorgan failure and is often associated with a fatal outcome
Chronic renal failure
Childbirth (amniotic fluid embolism)
For trauma-related cases, the diagnosis is clinically apparent after fundus examination and no further workup is required.
However, cases without trauma or causative medical condition require a comprehensive medical evaluation in conjunction with an internist.
Purtscher’s Retinopathy
Pathogenesis
Thought to be a result of injury-induced complement activation, which causes granulocyte aggregation and leukoembolization.
This process in turn occludes small arterioles such as those found in the peripapillary retina.
Treatment
Anecdotal reports of limited success with high dose systemic corticosteroids.
Purtscher’s Retinopathy
Although retinal whitening and hemorrhages slowly disappear over weeks to months, usually no significant recovery of vision occurs.
Systematic Review
Mean visual acuity 20/200, range of 20/20 to LP.
Trauma and acute pancreatitis were the most frequent etiologies.
There was no statistically significant difference in VA improvement for patients treated with corticosteroids compared with observation.
Trauma and pancreatitis were associated with higher probability of visual improvement.
Case report : 24 WF with post partum Purtscher- like retinopathy treated with sub-tenon triamcinolone
Presenting VA 20/200 OD 5 week follow-up: VA 20/60
Oral Indomethacin 25 mg/day for six weeks
43 WM with Purtscher’s like retinopathy associated with valsalva maneuver:
Presenting VA CF OS
Thank You
Atabay C, et al. Late visual recovery after intravenous methylprednisolone treatment of Purtscher's retinopathy. Ann Ophthalmol. 1993;25(9):330-333.
Behrens-Baumann W, Scheurer G, Schroer H. Pathogenesis of Purtscher's retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1992;230(3):286-291
Purtscher O. Ber Deutsche Ophth Ges 1910;36:294-301.
Jacob HS, Craddock PR, Hammerschmidt DE, Moldow CF. Complement-induced granulocyte aggregation: an unsuspected mechanism of disease. N Eng J Med. 1980;302:789-794.
Purtscher O. Angiopathia retinae traumatica. Lymphorrhagien des Augengrunes. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Ophthalmol. 1912;82:347-371.
Scheurer G, Praetorius G, Damerau B, Behrens-Baumann W. Vascular occlusion of the retina: an experimental model. I. Leukocyte aggregates. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1992; 230(3):275-280.
Maassen J, Oetting T. Purtscher's Retinopathy: 22-year-old male with vision loss after trauma. EyeRounds.org. May 18, 2005
BCSC: Retina and Vitreous: Purtscher’s Retinopathy: 105-106
4/4/2014
1
Presentation
CC: “I can’t make out faces with my right eye.”
HPI: 40 WM c/o blurred central vision OD after being struck by a car while changing a flat tire on an interstate off-ramp. The patient also sustained multiple rib fractures/pneumothorax and a laceration to the left ear. Transported to UL Emergency Department.
2
Presentation
IOP: WNL OU
EOM: Full OU
Clinical Photos
Fundus video OD demonstrating large peripapillary cotton-wool spots and superficial hemorrhages.
Inpatient Clinical Course
Patient’s left ear was surgically repaired
Thoracostomy tube was removed, stable for discharge.
Arranged to follow-up on the day of discharge in our Retina Clinic.
Dilated Fundus Exam: Clinic Photos
Color fundus photo of the right eye demonstrating multiple, large, peripapillary, cotton-wool spots and superficial hemorrhages. Note the intervening clear zones between each CWS sparing vessels.
Dilated Fundus Exam: Clinic Photos
Color fundus photo of the left eye: Normal.
HVF 24-2 OU
OS
OD
OCT image of right eye demonstrating elevation corresponding to large superficial cotton wool spot.
SD-OCT (OS)
OCT image of the left eye demonstrating normal foveal contour.
FA of OD
Mid phase FA of right eye demonstrating multiple areas of hypofluorescence corresponding to large CWS.
FA of OD
Late phase FA of right eye demonstrating multiple areas of hypofluorescence corresponding to large CWS with small amount of late leakage.
FA of OS
Assessment and Plan
40 WM presenting with central scotoma OD and multiple peripapillary CWS following a thoracic compression injury.
DDX:
Lost to follow-up.
Purtscher’s Retinopathy
First described by Dr. Othmar Purtscher (1852–1927) in 1910.
Originally observed in two severely traumatized patients with head injuries.
Fully described in a publication in 1912 by Dr. Purtscher.
True Purtscher's retinopathy, as first described, is always associated with a traumatic injury.
When there is a non-traumatic etiology the correct designation is Purtscher-like retinopathy.
http://www.mrcophth.com/ophthalmologyhalloffame/purtscher.html
Clinical Presentation
Patients present with decreased visual acuity, often sudden (usually within 48 hours) and severe (20/200 or worse)
History of compression injury to chest, head or long bone fracture (fat embolism syndrome)
Fundoscopic signs include peripapillary cotton wool spots and/or superficial hemorrhages in over 92% of cases.
Purtscher flecken are considered pathognomic, but only occur in 50% of cases.
Typically bilateral but many times unilateral.
Purtscher-like Retinopathy
Associations include:
Acute pancreatitis
Indication of multiorgan failure and is often associated with a fatal outcome
Chronic renal failure
Childbirth (amniotic fluid embolism)
For trauma-related cases, the diagnosis is clinically apparent after fundus examination and no further workup is required.
However, cases without trauma or causative medical condition require a comprehensive medical evaluation in conjunction with an internist.
Purtscher’s Retinopathy
Pathogenesis
Thought to be a result of injury-induced complement activation, which causes granulocyte aggregation and leukoembolization.
This process in turn occludes small arterioles such as those found in the peripapillary retina.
Treatment
Anecdotal reports of limited success with high dose systemic corticosteroids.
Purtscher’s Retinopathy
Although retinal whitening and hemorrhages slowly disappear over weeks to months, usually no significant recovery of vision occurs.
Systematic Review
Mean visual acuity 20/200, range of 20/20 to LP.
Trauma and acute pancreatitis were the most frequent etiologies.
There was no statistically significant difference in VA improvement for patients treated with corticosteroids compared with observation.
Trauma and pancreatitis were associated with higher probability of visual improvement.
Case report : 24 WF with post partum Purtscher- like retinopathy treated with sub-tenon triamcinolone
Presenting VA 20/200 OD 5 week follow-up: VA 20/60
Oral Indomethacin 25 mg/day for six weeks
43 WM with Purtscher’s like retinopathy associated with valsalva maneuver:
Presenting VA CF OS
Thank You
Atabay C, et al. Late visual recovery after intravenous methylprednisolone treatment of Purtscher's retinopathy. Ann Ophthalmol. 1993;25(9):330-333.
Behrens-Baumann W, Scheurer G, Schroer H. Pathogenesis of Purtscher's retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1992;230(3):286-291
Purtscher O. Ber Deutsche Ophth Ges 1910;36:294-301.
Jacob HS, Craddock PR, Hammerschmidt DE, Moldow CF. Complement-induced granulocyte aggregation: an unsuspected mechanism of disease. N Eng J Med. 1980;302:789-794.
Purtscher O. Angiopathia retinae traumatica. Lymphorrhagien des Augengrunes. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Ophthalmol. 1912;82:347-371.
Scheurer G, Praetorius G, Damerau B, Behrens-Baumann W. Vascular occlusion of the retina: an experimental model. I. Leukocyte aggregates. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1992; 230(3):275-280.
Maassen J, Oetting T. Purtscher's Retinopathy: 22-year-old male with vision loss after trauma. EyeRounds.org. May 18, 2005
BCSC: Retina and Vitreous: Purtscher’s Retinopathy: 105-106