grand trunk pacific roundhouse at pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in district lot...

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Regional District of KitimatStikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance 1 January 2013 Statement of Significance Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific Description The Grand Trunk Pacific roundhouse consists of a concrete foundation with associated discarded brick piles and railway track remnants on the west side of the Skeena River, found east of the CNR railway tracks in the nowabandoned railway town of Pacific, BC. Accessible only by train or boat, the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of Terrace in northwestern BC. Heritage Values The Grand Trunk Pacific roundhouse at Pacific, BC is valued for its historical, engineering and cultural significance, particularly as the remains of an important railway repair and maintenance structure associated with the Grand Trunk Pacific railway. As part of Canada’s second transcontinental railway, the BC portion of the Grand Trunk Pacific (GTP) was constructed between 1908 and 1914, connecting the Canadian Prairies to Prince Rupert on the northwest coast. The construction of the GTP was considered to be the single most important influence on the opening up and development of central BC. In 1920, due to ongoing financial difficulties, the GTP was placed under the management of the Crown corporation, Canadian National Railways (CNR), and by 1923 was completely absorbed into the CNR. Constructed in 1915, the roundhouse, located on a 30 hectare piece of flat land near the Skeena River, is significant for its utilitarian nature, being built to the GTP standard plan (Plan 120115) typical of its time. The remaining physical foundations directly reflect the plans for a large quartercircularshaped building with track leading into 12 stalls, each with a belowgrade maintenance pit used for the repair of locomotives and rolling stock. A large turntable in front of the roundhouse was used to align the locomotives with the stalls and was connected to a railway wye, which in turn joined the mainline track. As the first divisional point east of the Prince Rupert terminus, Pacific was a significant part of GTP operations in BC. In addition to the roundhouse, Pacific’s railway infrastructure included a substantial passenger station (CNR Plan 100159), freight and baggage sheds, water tank, oil tank, and coaling and sanding facilities. The selection of a railway divisional point often spurred additional economic activity which resulted in the growth of the associated community. Divisional points were typically only 110 to 140 miles apart due to the mechanical limitations of steam locomotives and rolling stock of the time. Early locomotives were smaller and slower and could only travel short distances before servicing was required. Originally named Nicholl, Pacific’s importance was such that it was renamed in 1913, reflecting the company’s name of Grand Trunk Pacific. With increasing advances in locomotive technology from steam to diesel, railway operations became

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Page 1: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  1 January 2013 

Statement of Significance Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific   

        Description 

The Grand Trunk Pacific  roundhouse  consists of a  concrete  foundation with associated discarded brick piles and railway track remnants on the west side of the Skeena River, found east of the CNR railway  tracks  in  the now‐abandoned railway  town of Pacific, BC. Accessible only by  train or boat, the  roundhouse  site  is  located  in  District  Lot  919,  approximately  120  railway miles  from  Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of Terrace in northwestern BC.  Heritage Values 

The Grand Trunk Pacific roundhouse at Pacific, BC is valued for its historical, engineering and cultural significance, particularly as  the remains of an  important railway repair and maintenance structure associated with the Grand Trunk Pacific railway. 

As part of Canada’s second transcontinental railway, the BC portion of the Grand Trunk Pacific (GTP) was constructed between 1908 and 1914, connecting the Canadian Prairies to Prince Rupert on the northwest  coast.  The  construction  of  the  GTP was  considered  to  be  the  single most  important influence  on  the  opening  up  and  development  of  central  BC.  In  1920,  due  to  ongoing  financial difficulties,  the  GTP  was  placed  under  the  management  of  the  Crown  corporation,  Canadian National Railways (CNR), and by 1923 was completely absorbed into the CNR. 

Constructed  in 1915,  the  roundhouse,  located on a 30 hectare piece of  flat  land near  the Skeena River,  is  significant  for  its utilitarian nature, being  built  to  the GTP  standard plan  (Plan  120‐115) typical of its time. The remaining physical foundations directly reflect the plans for a large quarter‐circular‐shaped building with track  leading  into 12 stalls, each with a below‐grade maintenance pit used for the repair of locomotives and rolling stock. A large turntable in front of the roundhouse was used  to align  the  locomotives with  the  stalls and was  connected  to a  railway wye, which  in  turn joined the mainline track. 

As the first divisional point east of the Prince Rupert terminus, Pacific was a significant part of GTP operations  in  BC.  In  addition  to  the  roundhouse,  Pacific’s  railway  infrastructure  included  a substantial passenger station  (CNR Plan 100‐159),  freight and baggage sheds, water tank, oil tank, and coaling and sanding facilities. The selection of a railway divisional point often spurred additional economic activity which resulted in the growth of the associated community. Divisional points were typically only 110  to 140 miles apart due  to  the mechanical  limitations of steam  locomotives and rolling  stock  of  the  time.  Early  locomotives were  smaller  and  slower  and  could only  travel  short distances  before  servicing was  required. Originally  named Nicholl,  Pacific’s  importance was  such that it was renamed in 1913, reflecting the company’s name of Grand Trunk Pacific. 

With increasing advances in locomotive technology from steam to diesel, railway operations became 

Page 2: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  2 January 2013 

centralized, and as a result the Pacific roundhouse was demolished to  its foundations  in 1959. The divisional point was transferred to Terrace, and eventually all maintenance was relocated to Prince George, BC and Edmonton, Alberta.  

The  roundhouse  is  important  for  its  construction  materials.  The  remaining  moss‐covered foundations  are  formed  of  concrete;  brick,  glass  and  steel  were  the  other  primary  materials employed  in  its  construction.  The  GTP  was  known  for  its  use  of  good‐quality  materials.  The foundations  themselves  reflect  the  original  association  of  the  roundhouse  with  its  landscape through their physical  location, thickness, shape, detail and varying heights relative to the existing grade of the land. Their form corresponds directly to the GTP construction plans. 

The  contractor,  Carter‐Halls‐Aldinger, was  a Winnipeg  firm  responsible  for many  buildings,  both utilitarian  and  aesthetic,  throughout  the  Canadian West  constructing  other  GTP  roundhouses  in prairie towns such as  Watrous and Biggar in Saskatchewan and Wainwright in Alberta.  

The GTP  roundhouse  is valued  for being a key part of Western Canada’s  transcontinental history, and  the  fact  that  such  structures  are  becoming  increasingly  rare.  The  traces  of  the  roundhouse provide  an  opportunity  to  physically  understand  the  scale  and  layout  of  the  structure  and  its relationship to the railway tracks, the Skeena River and the former townsite of Pacific. Vegetation patterns associated with the foundations provide clues to  its  location and represent the  inevitable encroachment of nature on the built structure.  Character Defining Elements  Site, Setting and Landscape 

Location of the roundhouse relative to the river, existing railway tracks and the former townsite of Pacific 

Landscape clues as to the location of the railway tracks leading to the wye 

The flat land on which the roundhouse, railway wye and turntable are located.  Engineering Features 

The concrete foundations in their original locations 

The expression of detail in the foundations, including form, shape, angle and height relative to grade 

Nearby piles of brick    

Page 3: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  3 January 2013 

Selected Sources 

Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company. Plateau and Valley Lands In British Columbia : General Information for the Intending Settler. Winnipeg : General Passenger Dept., Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, 1912. 

Grand Trunk Pacific Mechanical Yard Department. Construction drawings for 12‐stall Roundhouse, 1913, 1914, 1953. 

Kozma, Les. Edmonton Alberta, Personal Communication. 

The McCubbins of Pacific. http://www.themccubbins.com/ 

Lower, J.A. “The Construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in British Columbia.” British Columbia Historical Quarterly Vol. 4, No. 3, July 1940. 

Lower, J.A. The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in British Columbia. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History. University of British Columbia, April 1939. 

Newman, Dave. Terrace, B.C., Personal Communication. 

Royal British Columbia Museum. Living Landscapes. www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/northwest/skeena_river/pacific.htm 

Skeena Valley Model Railroad Association, Terrace, B.C., Personal Communication 

   

 Approximate location of Pacific GTP Roundhouse 

   

Page 4: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  4 January 2013 

    

Pacific Roundhouse 

Page 5: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  5 January 2013 

 

Map of central British Columbia showing the location of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Poole Brothers, Chicago, 1911. 

(UBC Rare Books and Special Collections) 

 

 Copy of the 1937 improvement plans for Pacific showing the location of the roundhouse,  turntable, mainline and spur tracks, as well as the train station. (Les Kozma Collection) 

Pacific Hazelton

Terrace

Page 6: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  6 January 2013 

 Grand Trunk Pacific Mechanical Department Plan 120‐115 of a 12‐stall Roundhouse, 1914 

(Les Kozma collection) 

CNR 1953 Pacific roundhouse Plan No.120‐297 showing proposed alterations. Ultimately the alternations never occurred and the whole facility was demolished in 1959. Left drawing shows existing 1953 12 stall roundhouse. Right drawing shows the proposed alteration to a 4 stall roundhouse. (Les Kozma Collection) 

Page 7: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  7 January 2013 

 

  

Grand Trunk Pacific (GTP) roundhouse and water tower at Pacific, 1921. (BC Archives i‐33745) 

 

  

Train crew at Pacific during 1936 Skeena River flood with Pacific GTP roundhouse in the background. (McCubbin collection) 

   

Page 8: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  8 January 2013 

 

 Pacific Roundhouse and water tower adjacent to re‐built second railway station. (date unknown) 

(McCubbin collection) 

  

 Interior of a GTP Roundhouse at Smithers, BC, the same 12 stall design as the Pacific Roundhouse.  c. 1916 

(BC Archives e‐02773)  

Page 9: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  9 January 2013 

 Aerial view of Pacific in 1947 (BC Government photo BC 444:104) 

 

 CN Rail sign at Pacific viewing south toward Terrace. 

GTP Roundhouse was located out of the picture to the left of the railway tracks.  c. 2011 

Pacific Roundhouse 

Page 10: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  10 January 2013 

 

 View across tracks toward the site former site of the GTP Roundhouse 

c. 2011 

 

 South corner of the GTP Roundhouse foundation. 

c. 2011 

Page 11: Grand Trunk Pacific Roundhouse at Pacific … · the roundhouse site is located in District Lot 919, approximately 120 railway miles from Prince Rupert and about 35 km northeast of

Regional District of Kitimat‐Stikine • Pacific Roundhouse Statement of Significance  11 January 2013 

 Part of the GTP Roundhouse foundation and a brick from the original building. 

c. 2011 

 

 Part of the GTP Roundhouse foundation near where the boiler room would have been connected. 

c. 2011