grandorder ungulata orders: condylarthra extinct ancestral
DESCRIPTION
GRANDORDER UNGULATA ORDERS: Condylarthra extinct ancestral Mesonychia ungulates Perissodactyla “odd-toed” ungulates Artiodactyla “even-toed” ungulates Litopterna Notoungulata - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
GRANDORDER UNGULATA
ORDERS: Condylarthra extinct ancestral Mesonychia ungulates
Perissodactyla “odd-toed” ungulates
Artiodactyla “even-toed” ungulates
Litopterna Notoungulata Pyrotheria extinct South American Xenungulata ungulates Astrapotheria Tubulidentata - aardvark Proboscidea – elephants “subungulate” Hyracoidea – hyraxes orders Sirenia – manatees/dugongs
Cetacea whales
PLACENTAL PHYLOGENY (nuclear genes)
1 species
3 genera, 6 species
PROBOSCIDEAN PHYLOGENY
DEINOTHERIDAE
GOMPHOTHERIIDAE
Gomphotherium
Platybelodon
MASTODONTIDAE
Mammut
ELEPHANTIDAE
PROBOSCIDEAN TEETH
ELEPHANT MASTODON
2 species (1 extinct)
3 species
Arctocyon
Sinonyx
ORDER MESONYCHIA
Pachyaena
Diatryma
ORDER MESONYCHIA
ORDER MESONYCHIA
CETACEAN PHYLOGENY
SUBORDER ODONTOCETI
17 genera, 32 species
4 genera, 6 species
4 genera, 5 species
2 genera, 2 species
6 genera, 19 species
2 genera, 3 species
SUBORDER MYSTICETI
2 genera, 3 species
1 species
1 species
2 genera, 6 species
ODONTOCETES MYSTICETES
SIZE mostly small (<5 m) large males > females in size females > males
VOCALIZATION high-frequency sounds low-frequency (some) echolocation communication & communication
DIET vertebrates filter-feeding
MOVEMENTS mainly local migratory Physeter migratory
SOCIAL STRUCTURE variable in both groups, including harem polygyny, small female kin groups, seasonal migratory groups.