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GRANTHAM HERITAGE PARK
Flora and Fauna Assessment
For:
Tract Consultants Pty Ltd
January 2016
Final
PO Box 2474
Carlingford Court 2118
CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - GRANTHAM HERITAGE PARK
FINAL TRACT CONSULTANTS PTY LTD
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Report No. 15064RP1
The preparation of this report has been in accordance with the brief provided by the Client and has
relied upon the data and results collected at or under the times and conditions specified in the report.
All findings, conclusions or recommendations contained within the report are based only on the
aforementioned circumstances. The report has been prepared for use by the Client and no
responsibility for its use by other parties is accepted by Cumberland Ecology.
Version Date Issued Amended by Details
1 19/01/2016 MP, KW
Approved by: Dr David Robertson
Position: Director
Signed:
Date: 19 January, 2016
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Table of Contents
1.1 Purpose iv
1.2 Background iv
1.3 Site Description v
1.4 Proposed Development v
2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 Database Analysis 2.1
2.2 Flora Survey 2.1
2.2.1 Vegetation Mapping 2.1
2.2.2 Targeted Threatened Flora Surveys 2.2
2.3 Fauna Survey 2.2
2.3.1 Habitat Assessments 2.2
2.3.2 Targeted Threatened Fauna Surveys 2.2
2.3.3 Incidental Observations 2.2
2.4 Limitations 2.3
3 RESULTS
3.1 Vegetation Communities 3.1
3.1.1 Cumberland Plain Woodland 3.1
3.1.2 Urban Native and Exotic Cover 3.5
3.1.3 Exotic Grassland with Scattered Trees 3.9
3.2 Flora 3.10
3.2.1 General Species 3.10
3.2.2 Threatened Species 3.11
3.3 Fauna 3.11
3.3.1 Fauna Habitat 3.11
3.3.2 General Species 3.11
3.3.3 Threatened Species 3.12
4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
4.1 Introduction 4.1
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Table of Contents (Cont'd)
4.2 Ecological Communities 4.1
4.2.1 Cumberland Plain Woodland 4.1
4.2.2 Urban Native and Exotic Cover 4.1
4.2.3 Exotic Grassland with Scattered Trees 4.2
4.3 Flora Species 4.2
4.4 Fauna Species 4.2
4.4.1 Birds 4.2
4.4.2 Microbats 4.3
4.4.3 Grey-headed Flying-fox 4.3
4.4.4 Cumberland Plain Land Snail 4.3
4.4.5 Migratory Species 4.4
5 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1.1 Vegetation Protection 5.1
5.1.2 Erosion, Sedimentation and Pollution Control 5.1
5.1.3 Pre-clearing and Clearing Surveys 5.1
5.1.4 Weed Control Measures 5.2
5.1.5 Revegetation Works 5.2
6 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
List of Appendices
A. FLORA SPECIES LIST
B. THREATENED FLORA LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE
C. THREATENED FAUNA LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE
D. ASSESSMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
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List of Tables
2.1 Zoning of the Subject Site vii
3.1 Conservation status and extent of vegetation communities 3.1
3.2 Noxious weeds and WONS occurring on the subject site 3.10
3.3 Fauna identified during surveys 3.12
3.4 Threatened fauna species with potential to occur on the subject site 3.12
A.1 Flora species recorded within the subject site A.2
B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site B.1
C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site C.1
List of Figures
1.1 The Subject Site viii
1.2 Surrounding Area ix
1.3 Master Plan x
2.1 Survey Locations 2.4
3.1 Location of Vegetation Communities and Threatened Species 3.14
4.1 Impact of the Proposed Development 4.5
List of Photographs
3.1 Cumberland Plain Woodland on the subject site 3.3
3.2 Planted Corymbia citriodora, Corymbia maculata, and Eucalyptus conica
within the Cumberland Plain Woodland patch 3.4
3.3 Exotic small tree Carya illinoensis and Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata in
the northern extent of the Cumberland Plain Woodland patch 3.4
3.4 South-western extent of Cumberland Plain Woodland with regrowth trees
and predominately exotic vegetation 3.5
3.5 Urban Native with Exotic Cover in the grounds of the former poultry
research facility 3.7
3.6 Planted native trees in the West 3.7
3.7 Garden surrounding existing buildings in the east 3.8
3.8 Community Garden in the East 3.8
3.9 Native plantings in the southern park land 3.9
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List of Photographs
3.10 Exotic Grassland with scattered trees in the west of the subject site 3.10
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Glossary of Terms
CEEC Critically Endangered Ecological Community
Council Blacktown City Council
EPBC Act Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
Locality The area within a 10km radius of the subject site
NSW New South Wales
OEH NSW Office of Environment and Heritage
Subject site Lot 2 and 4 DP739331, and Lot 360, 361, and 362 DP 48686 71 Seven Hills Road,
Seven Hills (see Figure 1.1)
TSC Act NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995
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Chapter 1 Introduction
Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this report is to evaluate the impacts of a proposed development of a
community park on the ecological values of land at Lot 2 and 4 DP 739331, and Lot 360,
361, and 362 DP 48686 at 71 Seven Hills Road, Seven Hills (hereafter referred to as the
‘subject site’) (see Figure 1.1).
The objectives of this report are to:
Map in detail the extent and describe the condition of the vegetation communities
occurring on the subject site;
Describe fauna habitat characteristics of the subject site;
Identify any threatened species, populations or ecological communities existing on
the subject site (as listed under the schedules of the NSW Threatened Species
Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) and the Commonwealth Environment Protection
and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act);
Assess the significance of impacts of the development on threatened species,
populations or ecological communities of the subject site; and
Where relevant, provide recommendations to ameliorate any impacts of the
development on the ecological values of subject site.
1.2 Background
The subject site is within the Blacktown City Council Local Government Area and is
comprised of Lot 2 and 4 DP739331, and Lot 360, 361 and 362 DP 48686, located at 71
Seven Hills Road, Seven Hills. The subject site is approximately 9 ha in area and is currently
zoned as 6(a) Open Space and 5(b) Arterial Road (see Table 1.1) under the Blacktown
Local Environmental Plan 2015. The subject site is bounded by Seven Hills Road South to
the north and residential development to the east, south and west. A number of parks are
located within close proximity of the subject site including Duncan Park which bounds the
south west corner of the subject site, Orana Park 600 m to the northwest and the
International Peace Park 1.5 km to the north (see Figure 1.2).
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Table 2.1 Zoning of the Subject Site
Lot/DP Zoning Size
Lot 360 / DP48686 6(a) Open Space 2.76 ha
Lot 361 / DP48686 6(a) Open Space 4.876 m2
Lot 362 / DP48686 6(a) Open Space 1.73 ha
Lot 4 / DP 739331 5(b) Arterial Road & 6(a) Open Space 3.57 ha
Lot 2 / DP739331 6(a) Open Space 5.127 m2
1.3 Site Description
Currently, the subject site contains the former Grantham Poultry Research Station, cottages,
an administration building, bushland vegetation and remnants of the poultry research facility.
The northern boundary of the subject site (Lot 4) contains areas of native bushland that are
remnants of the critically endangered ecological community (CEEC), Cumberland Plain
Woodland of the Sydney Basin Bioregion (Cumberland Plain Woodland). The remainder of
the subject site is comprised of a matrix of planted native/planted exotic vegetation and
existing infrastructure.
Much of the existing infrastructure is part of the former Grantham Poultry Research Station,
which is listed as a heritage item under Schedule 2 of the Blacktown Local Environmental
Plan 2015 and the NSW State Heritage Register. The area in the north of the subject site
(Lot 4) containing Cumberland Plain Woodland is listed under the NSW Department of
Primary Industries Section 170 Register due to the natural heritage values of the vegetation
within this community.
1.4 Proposed Development
The subject site was purchased by Blacktown City Council in 2004 and has since proposed
to transform the subject site into Grantham Heritage Parkland, which will become a
neighbourhood park that provides a playground and will encourage a wide range of play and
development experiences. A number of supportive infrastructure will be installed which
includes car parking, amenities, paths, areas and structures for socialising and drinking
water. The Master Plan for the proposed development is provided in Figure 1.3.
The proposed development will be confined to areas containing planted native/planted exotic
vegetation and existing infrastructure, and will not impact on any of the Cumberland Plain
Woodland within the northern section of the subject site (Lot 4). The Master Plan for the
proposed development has aimed to retain all historically significant structures from the
former Grantham Poultry Research Station and avoid impacting on the flora and fauna
values of the subject site.
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Figure 1.1. The Subject Site
Coordinate System: MGA Zone 56 (GDA 94)
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Figure 1.2. Surrounding Area
Coordinate System: MGA Zone 56 (GDA 94)
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Figure 1.3. Master PlanImage Source: Grantham Heritage Park: Overall Site Masterplan. 15/06/2015 - Rev2.
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Chapter 2
Methodology
2.1 Database Analysis
Database analysis was conducted for the locality using both the NSW Office of Environment
and Heritage (OEH) Atlas of NSW Wildlife (OEH, 2015), the Commonwealth Department of
the Environment Protected Matters Search Tool (DoE, 2015) and the OEH (formerly
DECCW) vegetation mapping for the Cumberland Plain (DECCW, 2007). The locality is
defined as the area within a 10 km radius of the subject site. The Atlas of NSW Wildlife
Database search was used to generate records of threatened flora and fauna species listed
under the TSC Act within the locality. The Protected Matters Search Tool generated a list of
Matters of National Environmental Significance listed under the EPBC Act potentially
occurring within the locality. The lists generated from these databases were reviewed
against available knowledge of the subject site, in conjunction with the abundance,
distribution and age of records, to ascertain the likelihood of occurrence of threatened
species within the subject site. OEH’s vegetation mapping for the Cumberland Plain was
utilised to identify if any threatened ecological communities were present within the subject
site and to assist with vegetation mapping of any such communities during field surveys.
2.2 Flora Survey
Flora surveys were undertaken within the subject site by Cumberland Ecology on 1
September 2015 over an eight hour period. Surveys included vegetation mapping and
targeted threatened flora searches. Further details of each of the survey methods are
provided below. Flora survey locations are shown on Figure 2.1.
All vascular plants recorded or collected were identified using keys and nomenclature
provided in Harden (1990-1993). Where known, taxonomic and nomenclatural changes have
been incorporated into the results, as derived from PlantNET (Botanic Gardens Trust, 2015).
2.2.1 Vegetation Mapping
The vegetation within the subject site was ground-truthed to examine and verify the mapping
of the condition and extent of the different vegetation communities. Based on previous
mapping undertaken by OEH for the Cumberland Plain (DECCW, 2007), a stratified
sampling approach was utilised to ground-truth extant vegetation. The subject site’s
vegetation was stratified based on a walkthrough of all vegetated areas while identifying and
recording all vascular flora species. Due to OEH’s (2007) vegetation mapping identifying the
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presence of Shale Plains Woodland within the subject site, which is a form of Cumberland
Plain Woodland the flora survey focussed on these areas to verify the community’s extent.
The resultant information was synthesised using a Geographic Information System to create
a spatial database that was used to interpret and interpolate the data to produce a
vegetation map of the subject site.
2.2.2 Targeted Threatened Flora Surveys
Targeted threatened flora searches via random meanders were undertaken within suitable
habitat of threatened flora species known from the locality. The locations of any threatened
flora specimens observed during surveys were recorded using a hand-held Global
Positioning System.
2.3 Fauna Survey
Fauna surveys were undertaken within the subject site by Cumberland Ecology on 31
August 2015 over a five hour period. The survey consisted of a fauna habitat assessment,
incidental observations and targeted threatened fauna searches. Fauna survey locations are
shown on Figure 2.1. Further details of each of the survey methods are provided below.
2.3.1 Habitat Assessments
The fauna habitat assessment included consideration of important indicators of habitat
condition and complexity including the occurrence of microhabitats such as tree hollows,
fallen logs, bush rock and wetland areas such as creeks and soaks. Structural features
considered included the nature and extent of the understorey and ground stratum and extent
of canopy. The survey also included an assessment of the presence of habitat features
suitable for use by threatened fauna species known from the locality.
2.3.2 Targeted Threatened Fauna Surveys
Targeted searches were undertaken for the Cumberland Plain Land Snail (listed as
endangered under the TSC Act) and the Dural Woodland Snail (listed as endangered under
the EPBC Act). Searches for the Cumberland Plain Land Snail were undertaken at the base
of trees within areas previously mapped by OEH as Cumberland Plain Woodland. Searches
consisted of checking within 1 m of the base of all trees within the community that had a
diameter at breast height greater than 10cm and had leaf litter present at the base. Searches
for the Dural Woodland Land Snail were undertaken in any areas with loose bark and rocks.
2.3.3 Incidental Observations
Any incidental fauna species that were observed, heard calling, or otherwise detected on the
basis of tracks or signs, were recorded and listed in the total species list for the subject site.
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2.4 Limitations
Vertebrate fauna and vascular flora of the locality are well known based upon a sizeable
database of past records. The surveys by Cumberland Ecology added to the existing
database and helped to provide a clear indication of the likelihood that various species
occur, or are likely to occur within the subject site. The data obtained from database
assessment and surveys of the subject site furnished an appropriate level of information to
support this assessment.
The weather conditions at the time of the flora surveys were generally favourable for plant
growth and production of features required for identification of most species. Shrubs,
grasses, herbs and creepers were readily identifiable in most instances. It is expected that
not all flora species present would have been recorded during surveys. Despite this, it is
considered that sufficient information has been collected to assess issues including
conservation significance of the flora, condition and viability of vegetation and likely impact
on native vegetation. An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of threatened flora
species recorded within the locality of the subject site in the database searches was
undertaken to supplement the flora survey.
In general, opportunistic observations of fauna provide a “snapshot” of some of the fauna
present on a site that were active during the time of the survey. The data produced by the
survey is intended to be indicative of the types of species that could occur and not an
absolute census of all vertebrate fauna species occurring within the subject site. Therefore
not all fauna utilising the subject site are likely to have been recorded during surveys. An
assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of threatened and migratory fauna species listed
for the locality in the database searches was undertaken to supplement the fauna surveys.
The combination of these techniques is considered appropriate for assessing the habitat
values of the site for threatened fauna within the subject site.
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Figure 2.1. Survey Locations
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Chapter 3
Results
3.1 Vegetation Communities
The subject site was previously mapped by DECCW (2007), which identified the presence of
the following two vegetation communities within the subject site:
Cumberland Plain Woodland in the Sydney Basin Bioregion (CEEC TSC Act); and
Urban Native and Exotic Cover.
Flora surveys by Cumberland Ecology in September 2015 refined OEH’s mapping of the
subject site. Table 3.1 lists the vegetation communities occurring within the subject site, their
conservation status and their extent. The distribution of these vegetation communities within
the subject site is shown in Figure 3.1 and detailed descriptions of each are provided below.
Table 3.1 Conservation status and extent of vegetation communities
Vegetation Community
TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status Area (ha)
Cumberland Plain Woodland CEEC - 1.69
Urban Native and Exotic Cover - - 4.97
Exotic Grassland with Scattered Trees - - 1.88
Total 8.54
3.1.1 Cumberland Plain Woodland
TSC Act Status: CEEC (Cumberland Plain Woodland in the Sydney Basin Bioregion)
EPBC Act Status: Not listed
Approximately 1.69 ha of Cumberland Plain Woodland CEEC is present on the subject site.
The total extent of this community within the subject site is located within Lots 4, 360 and
361, which are in the northern section of the subject site. Although the community is
comprised primarily of highly degraded regrowth with exotic species in all strata, it conforms
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to the TSC Act listing for this community. However, due to the communities degraded
understorey, it does not conform to the EPBC Act listing for the community.
This community occurs as a single, degraded 1.69 ha patch along the north-western
boundary of the subject site. The community is dominated by Cumberland Plain Woodland
trees Eucalyptus tereticornis (Forest red Gum) and Eucalyptus moluccana (Grey Box), with
Eucalyptus crebra (Narrow-leaved Ironbark) and Eucalyptus amplifolia (Cabbage Gum)
making up a lesser proportion of the canopy (see Photograph 3.1). All four of these species
are regenerating naturally on site, with juvenile, shrub sized individuals present in the
understorey. The Eucalyptus amplifolia individuals occur as a small number of trees in the
southern extent of the community, and may have been planted as they are generally
associated with lower lying areas adjacent to watercourses, habitat that is not present on the
subject site.
The northern half of the community on the subject site additionally contains a small number
of planted native trees, in the middle of remnant Cumberland Plain Woodland species. A
single individual of Corymbia maculata (Spotted Gum) is present in the northern half of the
patch. This species occurs naturally in localised areas on the Cumberland Plain, though is
likely to be planted on the subject site, as it occurs adjacent to planted individuals of the non-
endemic native species Eucalyptus conica (Fuzzy Box) and Corymbia citriodora (Lemon-
scented Gum) (see Photograph 3.2).
The sub-canopy of the community on site consists of a small tree layer of regrowth
individuals of the remnant canopy species along with Acacia decurrens (Black Wattle), and
an individual of the non-endemic Corymbia citriodora, likely to have self-seeded from planted
individuals. The area in the far north also has small tree sized planted occurrences of the
exotic Carya illinoensis (Pecan), and the exotic weed species Olea europaea subsp.
cuspidata (African Olive) (see Photograph 3.3).
The shrub layer is generally sparse and is variously dominated by natives and exotics, with
native species including Acacia falcata (Sickle Wattle), Dillwynia sieberi, Kunzea ambigua
(Tick Bush), Cassinia arcuata (Sifton Bush) and Indigofera australis (Australian Indigo). Two
individuals are also present of the threatened Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina in the
centre of the Cumberland Plain Woodland patch, close to the fence line of the site along
Seven Hills Road. Exotic species include Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Cestrum parqui
(Green Cestrum), and Lantana camara. A small number of non-endemic natives are also
present in the shrub layer and include juvenile Eucalyptus melanophloia (Silver-leaved
Ironbark), Melia azedarach (White Cedar), and Acacia podalyriifolia (Queensland Silver
Wattle).
The ground layer of the community is dominated by exotic herbs and grasses in most areas,
though some patches close to the northern boundary have a high proportion of native
grasses, and some patches elsewhere in the community are dominated by the native grass
Microlaena stipoides (Weeping Grass). Dominant exotic grasses include Ehrharta erecta
(Panic Veldtgrass), Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu) and Cynodon dactylon (Couch).
Exotic grasses occurring less commonly include Paspalum dilatatum, Bromus catharticus
(Prairie Grass) and Setaria parviflora (Pigeon Grass). Common exotic herbs in the ground
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layer include Sida rhombifolia (Paddy’s Lucerne), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs), Cirsium
vulgare (Spear Thistle) and Solanum pseudocapsicum (Jerusalem Cherry).
The native grass Microlaena stipoides (Weeping Grass) is common throughout the
Cumberland Plain Woodland patch on the subject site. Grasses more typical of intact
occurrences of Cumberland Plain Woodland are mostly located along the northern boundary
of the patch, and consist of Chloris ventricosa (Plump Windmill Grass), Rytidosperma
bipartitum (Wallaby Grass), Aristida ramosa (Purple Wiregrass), and Cymbopogon refractus
(Barbwire Grass). Native herbs had scattered occurrences throughout the patch and species
recorded include Einadia trigonos (Fishweed), Vittadinia cuneata (Fuzzweed), Brunoniella
australis (Blue Trumpet), Bulbine bulbosa (Native Leek), and Dianella longifolia (Blueberry
Lily).
The south-western extent of the community as mapped in Figure 3.1 is a highly degraded
area and consists of very little native vegetation with the exception of regrowth occurrences
of Eucalyptus moluccana and Eucalyptus tereticornis individuals, and Ficus rubiginosa (Port
Jackson Fig), which is unlikely to be endemic to the patch on site. The native trees occur
predominately around the outside of the area. There are occurrences of Acacia decurrens in
the understorey, and Glycine tabacina (Love Twiner), Dichondra repens (Kidney Weed), and
Microlaena stipoides in the ground layer. All other vegetation in the sub-canopy, shrub layer,
and ground layer is exotic, and native endemic species are only present as scattered
individuals (see Photograph 3.4). Overgrown concrete in the middle of this area indicates a
building or other structure was formerly present in this area.
Photograph 3.1 Cumberland Plain Woodland on the subject site
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Photograph 3.2 Planted Corymbia citriodora, Corymbia maculata, and Eucalyptus conica within the Cumberland Plain Woodland patch
Photograph 3.3 Exotic small tree Carya illinoensis and Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata in the northern extent of the Cumberland Plain Woodland patch
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Photograph 3.4 South-western extent of Cumberland Plain Woodland with regrowth trees and predominately exotic vegetation
3.1.2 Urban Native and Exotic Cover
TSC Act Status: not listed
EPBC Act Status: not listed
This community contains some Eucalyptus tereticornis, and Eucalyptus moluccana
individuals likely to be remnant of Cumberland Plain Woodland formerly occurring on the site
prior to its use as a poultry research station, and previously as a farm employing returned
veterans of World War 1. The community consists predominately of planted non-endemic
native and exotic vegetation occurring over exotic grassland, and planted gardens
surrounding structures on the site (see Photograph 3.5). Trees planted throughout the area
include some species endemic to the Sydney Region such as Eucalyptus sideroxylon
(Mugga Ironbark), Casuarina glauca (Swamp Oak), Casuarina cunninghamiana (River Oak),
Eucalyptus amplifolia, Melaleuca quinquenervia (Broad-leaved Paperbark), Melaleuca
styphelioides (Prickly Paperbark), and Corymbia maculata (see Photograph 3.6). Non-
endemic native species include Corymbia citriodora, Lophostemon confertus (Queensland
Brush Box), Eucalyptus microcorys (Tallowwood), Eucalyptus nicholii (Narrow-leaved Black
Peppermint), Eucalyptus melanophloia (Silver-leaved Ironbark), and Grevillea robusta (Silky
Oak). Exotic trees include Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor Laurel), Schinus areira
(Pepper Tree), and Jacaranda mimosifolia.
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All shrubs within this community are either planted or exotic weeds, occurring either in
gardens or growing underneath trees (see Photograph 3.7). Native and non-endemic native
species include Acacia floribunda (White Sally Wattle), Callistemon citrinus (Crimson
Bottlebrush), Corymbia ficifolia (Red Flowering Gum), and Callistemon viminalis (Willow
Bottlebrush). Exotic species include Lagerstroemia indica (Crepe Myrtle), Morus alba
(Mulberry), Pyracantha crenulata (Firethorn), Ligustrum lucidum (Broad-leaved Privet) and
Osteospermum ecklonii (African Daisy). Herbaceous garden plants include Lomandra
longifolia (Spiny Mat-rush), Doryanthes excelsa (Gymea Lily), Agapanthus praecox subsp.
orientalis, and Dietes bicolor (Fortnight Lily).
Exotic grassland areas beneath trees consist of common exotic lawn grasses including
Pennisetum clandestinum and Cynodon dactylon, and weedy grasses such as Briza minor
(Shivery Grass), Poa annua (Winter Grass). Some common native grasses such as
Oplismenus aemulus (Basket Grass) occur in scattered locations such as at the base of
trees, along with some common native herbs such as Carex inversa, Cyperus gracilis
(Slender Flat-sedge), and Commelina cyanea (Scurvy Weed). Exotic herbaceous species,
occurring as lawn weeds, are extremely common and include Sonchus oleraceus (Milk
thistle), Medicago polymorpha (Medic Burr), Galinsoga parviflora (Potato Weed), Capsella
bursa-pastoris (Shepherd’s Purse), and Conyza sumatrensis (Tall Fleabane).
In the southeast of this community is a community garden with a range of planted exotic and
native species (see Photograph 3.8).
In the southern park a small corner of the park has predominately been planted with native
species. Species in this area include the tree Corymbia maculata (Spotted Gum), and the
exotic Schinus areira (Pepper Tree), and shrubs such as Acacia longifolia var. longifolia
(Sydney Golden Wattle), Indigofera australis, Acacia floribunda, and Syzygium australe. This
area has not been maintained in some time and the understorey and ground layer are
dominated by exotic species such as Ulmus parvifolia (Chinese Elm), Cestrum parqui (Green
Cestrum), Tropaeolum majus (Nasturtium), and the grass Pennisetum clandestinum (see
Photograph 3.9). The ground layer of the community has been planted out with the native
herb Lomandra longifolia (Spiny Mat-rush).
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Photograph 3.5 Urban Native with Exotic Cover in the grounds of the former poultry research facility
Photograph 3.6 Planted native trees in the West
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Photograph 3.7 Garden surrounding existing buildings in the east
Photograph 3.8 Community Garden in the East
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Photograph 3.9 Native plantings in the southern park land
3.1.3 Exotic Grassland with Scattered Trees
TSC Act Status: not listed
EPBC Act Status: not listed
This community is as described above for the Urban Native and Exotic Cover community,
though with a sparser distribution of trees. The composition of tree species throughout
grassland areas is the same as the aforementioned community, with some scattered
Cumberland Plain Woodland species, and planted non-endemic natives and exotic species.
Grassland in most areas is dominated by the exotic grass Pennisetum clandestinum. The
southern and western patches of this community are open parkland areas comprised
predominately of exotic lawn grasses (see Photograph 3.10).
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Photograph 3.10 Exotic Grassland with scattered trees in the west of the subject site
3.2 Flora
3.2.1 General Species
Approximately 157 flora species were recorded within the subject site. Of these species 99
were exotic species. Nine of these species are listed as noxious weeds under the NSW
Noxious Weeds Act 1993, and four are also listed as a Weed of National Significance
(WONS) (see Table 3.2). A list of plant species that were detected on subject site is
provided in Appendix A.
Table 3.2 Noxious weeds and WONS occurring on the subject site
Scientific Name Common Name Noxious Class WONS
Asparagus aethiopicus Ground Asparagus Class 4 Yes
Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper Class 4 Yes
Cestrum parqui Green Cestrum Class 3
Cestrum parqui Green Cestrum Class 3
Lantana camara Lantana Class 4 Yes
Ligustrum lucidum Large-leaved Privet Class 4
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Table 3.2 Noxious weeds and WONS occurring on the subject site
Scientific Name Common Name Noxious Class WONS
Ligustrum sinense Small-leaved Privet Class 4
Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata African Olive Class 4
Senecio madagascariensis Fireweed Class 4 Yes
3.2.2 Threatened Species
Two Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina (Juniper-leaved Grevillea) were recorded within
the Cumberland Plain Woodland in the northern section of the subject site (see Figure 3.1).
This species is listed as vulnerable under the TSC Act. No other threatened flora species
were recorded during surveys.
An analysis of the likelihood of occurrence on the subject site for each threatened flora
species recorded within the locality is provided in Appendix C. This assessment concluded
that in addition to the known occurrence of Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina, there is
potential for Pimelea spicata (Spiked Rice-flower) to occur within the subject site. Pimelea
spicata is listed as endangered under the TSC Act and EPBC Act.
3.3 Fauna
3.3.1 Fauna Habitat
The vegetation of the subject site provides some potential habitat for native fauna known to
occur in the locality, including threatened species. Microhabitats present within the subject
site included tree hollows, decorticating bark and ground litter. Tree hollows occur
occasionally throughout the subject site with the majority of the hollows being small (1-
10cm). Decorticating bark and ground litter also occur occasionally throughout the entire
subject site. In addition to the microhabitats, the subject site contains numerous flowering
plants and trees which can provide potential foraging resources for a range of birds that may
use the subject site on occasion as part of a larger foraging range. During surveys, it was
evident that the northern and southern sections of the site contained the highest number of
foraging birds.
3.3.2 General Species
Eight vertebrate fauna species were recorded within the subject site through incidental
observations during the habitat assessment. Seven of these species were common bird
species of the area, including high abundances of the Australasian Figbird (Sphecotheres
vieilloti) and Little Wattle Bird (Anthochaera chrysoptera) within the northern and southern
sections of the subject site. A Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) was also observed running through
the northwest corner of the subject site. A full list of fauna species observed is provided in
Table 3.3.
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Table 3.3 Fauna identified during surveys
Common Name Scientific Name
Aves
Australasian Figbird Sphecotheres vieilloti
Little Wattle Bird Anthochaera chrysoptera
Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus
Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala
Indian Myna* Acridotheres tristis
Australian Raven Corvus coronoides
Australian Magpie Cracticus tibicen
Mammals
Red Fox* Vulpes vulpes
* denotes exotic species
3.3.3 Threatened Species
No threatened fauna species were recorded within the subject site during surveys. An
analysis of the likelihood of occurrence on the subject site for each threatened fauna species
recorded within the locality is provided in Appendix C. This assessment concluded that ten
threatened vertebrate fauna species and three migratory species have the potential to occur
within the subject site. Table 3.4 lists the threatened fauna species considered to have the
potential to occur within the subject site.
Table 3.4 Threatened fauna species with potential to occur on the subject site
Family Common Name Scientific Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Aves
Accipitridae Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides V
Apodidae Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus
Mig.
Apodidae White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus
Mig.
Falconidae Black Falcon Falco subniger V
Meropidae Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus
Mig.
Neosittidae Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera V
Psittacidae Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor E E
Strigidae Powerful Owl Ninox strenua V
Tytonidae Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae V
Gastropoda
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Table 3.4 Threatened fauna species with potential to occur on the subject site
Family Common Name Scientific Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Camaenidae Cumberland Plain Land
Snail
Meridolum corneovirens E
Mammalia
Molossidae Eastern Freetail-bat Mormopterus norfolkensis V
Pteropodidae Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus V V
Vespertilionidae Eastern Bentwing-bat Miniopterus schreibersii
oceanensis
V
Note: E=endangered, V=vulnerable, Mig.=Migratory
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Chapter 4
Impact Assessment
4.1 Introduction
The impact of the proposed development as shown in Figure 4.1 will be negligible in terms
of biodiversity loss. The majority of the proposed development will be restricted to previously
developed or cleared areas. These areas are inhabited primarily by planted native and exotic
tree species with a predominately exotic understorey, and offers little natural habitat to
endemic fauna species.
4.2 Ecological Communities
4.2.1 Cumberland Plain Woodland
The proposed development will not clear any of the Cumberland Plain Woodland within the
subject site as the vegetation community is outside of the development footprint (see Figure
4.1). Although no Cumberland Plain Woodland will be cleared as a result of the proposed
development, an Assessment of Significance was undertaken for the community (Appendix
C) to assess the significance of any potential indirect impacts as a result of future
development. It was determined that the proposed development is unlikely to have a
significant impact on the community as the entire community present will be retained and not
directly impacted. Indirect impacts may occur to the community as a result of people
disturbing vegetation within the community as the subject will be a park and visited by park
goers. However, these indirect impacts are not seen as likely to cause a significant impact to
the community, especially if the community is fenced off and/or signage is posted to educate
park visitors of its importance (see Section 5.1). Therefore, a Species Impact Statement is
not required as the proposed development will not result in a significant impact on the
community.
4.2.2 Urban Native and Exotic Cover
Approximately 4.97 ha of this community is present, primarily within the central to western
section of the subject site. The proposed development will result in the clearing or
modification of 0.1 ha of this community within the southern section of the subject site. The
vegetation within this community is not listed under the TSC Act or EPBC Act.
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4.2.3 Exotic Grassland with Scattered Trees
Approximately 1.88 ha of this community is present, primarily within the western section of
the subject site. The proposed development will not require the clearing or modification of
this community as it is located outside of the development footprint. The vegetation within
this community is not listed under the TSC Act or EPBC Act.
4.3 Flora Species
Two individuals of Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina were found during the flora survey.
Both individuals were located within the patch of Cumberland Plain Woodland in the northern
end of the subject site and will not be impacted by the proposed development. Pimelea
spicata was also determined to have the potential to occur within the patch of Cumberland
Plain Woodland as it provides suitable habitat for this species.
An Assessment of Significance was undertaken for both Grevillea juniperina subsp.
juniperina and Pimelea spicata. Most of the subject site to be impacted by the proposed
development has been highly modified since European colonisation and is not suitable
habitat for the persistence of these threatened species due to competition from exotic weed
species. The most suitable habitat for both of these threatened species is within the patch of
Cumberland Plain Woodland to the north of the subject site which will be entirely retained.
Therefore, the proposed development is not considered likely to have a significant impact on
either of these threatened flora species and a Species Impact Statement is not required.
4.4 Fauna Species
No threatened fauna species were recorded as occurring in the study area during the time of
the field survey. A total of ten threatened fauna species listed under the TSC Act and three
migratory species listed under the EPBC Act were considered to have the potential to occur
within the subject site.
Threatened fauna species listed under the TSC Act include six bird species, three bat
species and the Cumberland Plain Land Snail. A total of approximately 0.1 ha of suitable
habitat for these species will be removed as a result of the proposed development. An
Assessment of Significance was undertaken for each group of species due to their similar
habitat requirements. None of the assessed species are considered to be significantly
impacted by the proposed development and therefore no Species Impact Statement is
required.
4.4.1 Birds
Little Eagle (Hieraaetus morphnoides)
Black Falcon (Falco subniger)
Varied Sittella (Daphoenositta chrysoptera)
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Swift Parrot (Lathamus discolor)
Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua)
Masked Owl (Tyto novaehollandiae)
Six bird species considered to have the potential to occur are highly mobile species that may
utilise the subject site on occasion as part of a much broader foraging range. If these species
were to utilise the subject site for foraging purposes, it would likely be in the northern section
containing the Cumberland Plain Woodland. Due to the fact that none of these species
would be reliant on the subject site for survival and that the most suitable habitat present will
be retained, the proposed development is unlikely to have a significant impact on any of
these bird species.
4.4.2 Microbats
Eastern Freetail-bat (Mormopterus norfolkensis)
Eastern Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis)
Two microchiropteran bat species considered to have the potential to occur may utilise the
subject site for both roosting and foraging purposes. These species are both highly mobile
and if the subject site is utilised as foraging habitat, it is likely part of a much broader
foraging range. Suitable roosting habitat for these species is primarily present within the
northern section of the site within the tree hollows contained in the patch of Cumberland
Plain Woodland. As this patch of the most suitable roosting habitat present will be retained
and potential foraging habitat will remain within the subject site and the locality, it is unlikely
that proposed development will have a significant impact on any of these species.
4.4.3 Grey-headed Flying-fox
The Grey-headed Flying-fox is considered to have the potential to utilise the subject site for
foraging purposes as part of a much broader foraging range. As a camp is not present and
only a small amount of foraging habitat is available, this species is unlikely to be reliant on
the subject site for survival and the removal of vegetation as a result of the proposed
development is unlikely to adversely impact this species.
4.4.4 Cumberland Plain Land Snail
The Cumberland Plain Land Snail is considered to have the potential to occur within the
subject site; however, targeted searches for the species were performed in all areas of
suitable habitat and the species was not encountered. If the species is present within the
subject site, it’s only suitable habitat is within the northern section of the site containing
Cumberland Plain Woodland trees. The proposed development will not require the removal
of any of the trees within the Cumberland Plain Woodland and therefore a significant impact
on this species is not likely to occur.
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4.4.5 Migratory Species
Fork-tailed Swift (Apus pacificus)
White-throated Needletail (Hirundapus caudacutus)
Rainbow Bee-eater (Merops ornatus)
The three migratory bird species listed under the EPBC Act are highly mobile species that
may utilise the site on occasion as part of much broader foraging range. Furthermore, the
Fork-tailed Swift and White-throated Needletail are almost exclusively aerial species and
would not be reliant on the habitat within the subject site. Therefore, the proposed
development is unlikely to impact on these species.
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Chapter 5
Recommendations
A number of mitigation measures are recommended for the proposed development. These
measures should be implemented to minimise impacts to the ecological values of the subject
site and adjoining properties.
5.1.1 Vegetation Protection
To avoid unnecessary removal or damage to Cumberland Plain Woodland vegetation along
the northern side of the subject site, the clearing area should be clearly demarcated and
signed, where appropriate, to ensure no vegetation beyond these boundaries is removed.
Clearing works and equipment should be excluded from areas outside the clearing area. Site
inductions are to be given by the civil contractor to ensure all site workers and visitors are
aware of any no-access areas.
After the completion of the proposed development, it is recommended that the area of
Cumberland Plain Woodland in the northern section of the subject site be fenced off and/or
sign posted to reduce impacts to the community by decreasing the amount of foot traffic in
the area. Signage should indicate what the community is and advise park visitors to stay on
walking paths and out of the community.
5.1.2 Erosion, Sedimentation and Pollution Control
Potential impacts to flora and fauna occurring in the construction phase that can be
managed include: run-off, sedimentation, erosion and pollution. To reduce sedimentation on
the construction site, erosion control measures should be implemented. This includes
minimising the amount of exposed soils on the site at any given time. All soil stockpiles
should be adequately covered when not in use to prevent erosion from heavy rainfall.
Sediment fences should be established around the perimeter of the development area to
prevent the impacts of sedimentation on the adjoining vegetation. During development,
precautions should be taken to ensure that no pollution, such as petrochemical substances
or water containing suspended solids, escapes the construction site. Pollution traps and
efficient removal of pollution to an off-site location would help to minimise pollution impacts.
5.1.3 Pre-clearing and Clearing Surveys
Pre-clearing surveys are to be undertaken by a suitably qualified ecologist within one week
of any clearing activities. Pre-clearing surveys will include:
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Demarcation of key habitat features as hollow-bearing trees, fallen logs and
bushrock; and
Provision of a report following the completion of a pre-clearing survey, detailing the
location and type of each habitat feature.
To minimise impacts to native fauna species, clearing should be undertaken in the following
two-stage process under the supervision of a suitably qualified ecologist:
The initial phase of clearing will involve clearing around identified habitat features
and leaving the features overnight; and
The second stage will involve clearing of the habitat features left overnight as
gently as possible, followed by an inspection.
If possible, trees marked as containing hollows will be shaken by machinery prior to clearing
to encourage any animals remaining to leave the hollows and move on. An ecologist should
investigate all hollows for the presence of fauna following felling of the tree.
An ecologist should be present while clearing to rescue animals injured during the clearance
operation. Provisions will be made to protect any native fauna during clearing activities by
the following means:
All persons working on the vegetation clearing will be briefed about the possible
fauna present and should avoid injuring any present;
Animals disturbed or dislodged during the clearance but not injured should be
assisted to move to the adjacent bushland; and
If animals are injured during the vegetation clearance, appropriate steps will be
taken to humanely treat the animal (either taken to the nearest veterinary clinic for
treatment, or if the animal is unlikely to survive, it will be humanely euthanized).
5.1.4 Weed Control Measures
Noxious weed species occurring within the subject site should be managed in order to
prevent further spread. Prior to any vegetation clearance, noxious weeds should be
demarcated during the pre-clearance survey in order for these to be disposed of separately
from native material.
5.1.5 Revegetation Works
It is recommended that any revegetation works be carried out in accordance with an
approved landscape plan that is to be developed for the proposed development. All works
should be carried out by a qualified bush regenerator. Any areas planned to be revegetated
as Cumberland Plain Woodland should be planted with Cumberland Plain Woodland
characteristic species that are sourced from local nurseries or come from seed sourced from
the property.
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Chapter 6
Conclusion
The proposed development will result in the clearing of approximately 0.1 ha of Urban Native
and Exotic vegetation, and all Cumberland Plain Woodland present within the subject site
will be retained. The clearing of the 0.1 ha of Native and Exotic vegetation is suitable habitat
for a number of threatened species known to occur in the locality. An impact assessment
was undertaken to examine the impacts of the proposed development on the biodiversity
values of the subject site.
The impact assessment conducted has determined that the proposed development is
unlikely to have a significant impact on any of the threatened species or ecological
communities occurring or that have the potential to occur within the subject site. Therefore a
Species Impact Statement or further ecological assessments are not required.
The Blacktown City Council has made a concerted effort to ensure that the biodiversity
values of the site will remain intact and minimal impacts to the flora and fauna of the subject
site will occur. This is evidenced in the Master Plan for the subject site where all areas of
Cumberland Plain Woodland have been avoided.
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References
Botanic Gardens Trust (2015). "PlantNET." Retrieved 2015, from
http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/search_plant_net.
DECCW (2007). Cumberland Plain Vegetation Mapping. DECCW.
DECCW (2011). Approved Cumberland Plain Recovery Plan. DECCW, Hurstville.
DoE (2015). "EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool." Retrieved 2015, from
http://www.environment.gov.au/arcgis-framework/apps/pmst/pmst-coordinate.jsf.
Harden, G. J. (1990-1993). Flora of NSW Volumes 1-4. New South Wales University Press,
Kensington.
OEH (2011). Cumberland Plain Woodland in the Sydney Basin Bioregion - critically
endangered ecological community listing: NSW Scientific Committee - final
determination
OEH (2015). "Atlas of NSW Wildlife." 2015, from http://www.bionet.nsw.gov.au/.
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Appendix A
Flora Species List
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Table A.1 Flora species recorded within the subject site
Family
Scientific Name Common Name
CPW
Species
Trees
Araucariaceae * Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine
Araucariaceae * Araucaria cunninghamii Hoop Pine
Bignoniaceae * Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak
Cupressaceae * Cupressus sp. Flame Tree
Malvaceae * Brachychiton acerifolius
Moraceae Ficus microcarpa hillii
Myrtaceae * Corymbia citriodora Lemon-scented Gum X
Myrtaceae * Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum X
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus amplifolia Cabbage Gum X
Myrtaceae * Eucalyptus cladocalyx
Myrtaceae * Eucalyptus conica Fuzzy Box X
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus crebra Narrow-leaved Ironbark X
Myrtaceae * Eucalyptus melanophloia Silver-leaved Ironbark
Myrtaceae * Eucalyptus microcorys Tallowwood
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus moluccana Grey Box X
Myrtaceae * Eucalyptus nicholii Narrow-leaved Black
Peppermint
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sideroxylon Mugga Ironbark
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Red Gum X
Myrtaceae * Lophostemon confertus Brush Box
Myrtaceae Syncarpia glomulifera Turpentine
Sub-canopy
Anacardiaceae * Schinus areira Pepper Tree
Bignoniaceae * Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak
Cupressaceae * Cupressus sp.
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Castanospermum australe Black Bean X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Erythrina sp.
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia decurrens Black Wattle X
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Family
Scientific Name Common Name
CPW
Species
Lauraceae * Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel
Malvaceae * Brachychiton acerifolius
Meliaceae * Melia azedarach White Cedar
Moraceae Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig
Myrtaceae * Corymbia citriodora Lemon-scented Gum X
Myrtaceae * Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus amplifolia Cabbage Gum X
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus crebra Narrow-leaved Ironbark X
Myrtaceae * Eucalyptus microcorys Tallowwood
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus moluccana Grey Box X
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Red Gum X
Myrtaceae * Lophostemon confertus Brush Box
Myrtaceae Melaleuca quinquenervia Broad-leaved Paperbark
Myrtaceae Melaleuca styphelioides Prickly-leaved Tea Tree
Oleaceae * Ligustrum lucidum Large-leaved Privet
Oleaceae * Olea europaea subsp.
cuspidata
African Olive X
Proteaceae * Grevillea robusta Silky Oak
Proteaceae * Macadamia integrifolia Queensland Nut
Climbers/Vines
Apocynaceae * Araujia sericifera Moth Vine X
Araliaceae * Hedera helix English Ivy
Asparagaceae * Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Desmodium varians Slender Tick-trefoil X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine clandestina X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine microphylla Small-leaf Glycine X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine tabacina X
Oleaceae * Jasminum polyanthum White Jasmine X
Solanaceae Solanum seaforthianum Climbing Nightshade X
Shrubs
Asteraceae Cassinia arcuata Sifton Bush X
Asteraceae * Osteospermum ecklonis Cape Daisy
Buxaceae * Buxus microphylla Japanese Box
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Family
Scientific Name Common Name
CPW
Species
Casuarinaceae * Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak X
Chenopodiaceae Einadia trigonos Fishweed
Fabaceae
(Caesalpinioideae)
* Senna pendula X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Castanospermum australe Black Bean X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia sieberi X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Indigofera australis Australian Indigo X
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia decurrens Black Wattle X
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia falcata Hickory Wattle X
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia floribunda White Sally Wattle
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia longifolia subsp.
longifolia
Sydney Golden Wattle
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia parramattensis Parramatta Wattle X
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) * Acacia podalyriifolia Queensland Silver Wattle X
Lythraceae * Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle
Malaceae * Cotoneaster glaucophyllus
Malaceae * Pyracantha crenulata
Meliaceae * Melia azedarach White Cedar X
Moraceae * Morus alba White Mulberry
Myrtaceae Callistemon citrinus Crimson Bottlebrush
Myrtaceae * Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottlebrush
Myrtaceae * Corymbia ficifolia Albany Red Flowering Gum
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus amplifolia Cabbage Gum X
Myrtaceae * Eucalyptus melanophloia Silver-leaved Ironbark X
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus moluccana Grey Box X
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Red Gum X
Myrtaceae Kunzea ambigua Tick Bush X
Myrtaceae Syzygium australe Brush Cherry
Oleaceae * Ligustrum lucidum Large-leaved Privet
Oleaceae * Ligustrum sinense Small-leaved Privet
Oleaceae * Olea europaea subsp.
cuspidata
African Olive X
Pittosporaceae Bursaria spinosa Blackthorn X
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum Native Daphne X
Proteaceae Grevillea juniperina X
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Family
Scientific Name Common Name
CPW
Species
Proteaceae * Grevillea robusta Silky Oak
Sapindaceae Alectryon subcinereus Native Quince X
Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa subsp.
cuneata
Wedge-leaf Hop-bush
Solanaceae * Cestrum parqui Green Cestrum X
Ulmaceae * Ulmus glabra
Ulmaceae * Ulmus parvifolia Chinese Elm X
Verbenaceae * Lantana camara Lantana X
Dicots
Acanthaceae Brunoniella australis Blue Trumpet X
Aizoaceae Carpobrotus glaucescens Pigface
Apiaceae * Cyclospermum leptophyllum Slender Celery
Asteraceae * Arctotheca calendula Capeweed
Asteraceae * Bidens pilosa Cobblers Pegs X
Asteraceae * Bidens subalternans Greater Beggar's Ticks X
Asteraceae Calotis lappulacea Yellow Burr-daisy X
Asteraceae * Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle X
Asteraceae * Conyza sumatrensis Tall Fleabane
Asteraceae Cotula australis Common Cotula X
Asteraceae * Galinsoga parviflora Potato Weed
Asteraceae * Hypochaeris microcephala White Flatweed X
Asteraceae * Hypochaeris radicata Catsear
Asteraceae * Senecio madagascariensis Fireweed
Asteraceae * Soliva sessilis Bindyi
Asteraceae * Sonchus asper Prickly Sowthistle
Asteraceae * Sonchus oleraceus Common Sowthistle X
Asteraceae * Taraxacum officinale Dandelion X
Asteraceae Vittadinia cuneata Fuzzweed X
Brassicaceae * Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's Purse
Brassicaceae * Cardamine hirsuta Common Bittercress
Caryophyllaceae * Cerastium glomeratum Mouse-ear Chickweed
Caryophyllaceae * Stellaria media Common Chickweed
Chenopodiaceae Einadia polygonoides X
Chenopodiaceae Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Climbing Saltbush X
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Family
Scientific Name Common Name
CPW
Species
Chenopodiaceae Einadia trigonos X
Clusiaceae Hypericum gramineum Small St. John's Wort X
Convolvulaceae Dichondra repens Kidney Weed X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Lotus uliginosus Birds-foot Trefoil X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Trifolium repens White Clover X
Fabaceae (Faboideae) * Vicia sativa
Fumariaceae * Fumaria muralis Wall Fumitory
Lamiaceae * Stachys arvensis Stagger Weed X
Malvaceae * Malva parviflora Small-flowered Mallow X
Malvaceae * Modiola caroliniana Red-flowered Mallow X
Malvaceae * Sida rhombifolia Paddy's Lucerne X
Myrsinaceae * Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel
Oxalidaceae Oxalis perennans X
Plantaginaceae * Plantago lanceolata Lamb's Tongues X
Polygonaceae Rumex brownii Swamp Dock X
Polygonaceae * Rumex crispus Curled Dock
Rubiaceae * Galium aparine Goosegrass X
Scrophulariaceae Eremophila debilis Winter Apple X
Solanaceae * Solanum americanum Glossy Nightshade X
Solanaceae * Solanum nigrum Black-berry Nightshade X
Solanaceae * Solanum pseudocapsicum Madeira Winter X
Tropaeolaceae * Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium
Verbenaceae * Verbena bonariensis Purpletop X
Monocots (Grasses)
Poaceae Aristida ramosa Purple Wiregrass X
Poaceae * Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass X
Poaceae * Bromus sp.
Poaceae Chloris ventricosa Plump Windmill Grass X
Poaceae Cymbopogon refractus Barbed Wire Grass X
Poaceae * Cynodon dactylon Couch X
Poaceae * Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldtgrass X
Poaceae * Eragrostis curvula African Lovegrass X
Poaceae * Lolium perenne Perennial Ryegrass X
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Family
Scientific Name Common Name
CPW
Species
Poaceae Microlaena stipoides Weeping Grass X
Poaceae Oplismenus aemulus Australian Basket Grass
Poaceae * Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum X
Poaceae * Poa annua Winter Grass
Poaceae * Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu Grass X
Poaceae * Pennisetum sp.
Poaceae Rytidosperma bipartitum Wallaby Grass X
Poaceae * Setaria parviflora X
Monocots (Others)
Alliaceae * Agapanthus
praecox subsp. orientalis
African Lily
Alliaceae * Nothoscordum borbonicum X
Araceae * Monstera deliciosa Fruit Salad Plant
Asparagaceae * Asparagus aethiopicus Ground Asparagus
Asphodelaceae Bulbine bulbosa Native Leek X
Commelinaceae Commelina cyanea Native Wandering Jew
Commelinaceae * Commelina sp.
Commelinaceae * Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jew X
Cyperaceae Carex inversa X
Cyperaceae Cyperus gracilis Slender Flat-sedge X
Doryanthaceae * Doryanthes excelsa Giant Lily
Iridaceae * Dietes bicolor X
Juncaceae Juncus usitatus X
Lomandraceae Lomandra filiformis subsp.
filiformis
Wattle Mat-rush X
Lomandraceae * Lomandra 'tanika' cultivar
Lomandraceae Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush
Phormiaceae Dianella longifolia Blueberry Lily X
* denotes exotic species
CPW species are listed in Cumberland Plain Woodland’s Final Determination (OEH, 2011)
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Appendix B
Threatened Flora Likelihood of Occurrence
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Table B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Records Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
Ecological
Community
Castlereagh Scribbly
Gum and Agnes Banks
Woodlands of the
Sydney Basin Bioregion
V E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Occurs primarily in the Castlereagh area in
the north-west of the Cumberland Plain
Unlikely, not found
on site.
Ecological
Community
Cooks
River/Castlereagh
Ironbark Forest of the
Sydney Basin Bioregion
E CE Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Occurs predominantly in the Cumberland
Subregion between Castlereagh and Holsworthy,
as well as around the headwaters of the Cooks
River.
Unlikely, not found
on site.
Ecological
Community
Cumberland Plain
Shale Woodlands and
Shale-Gravel
Transition Forest
CE CE Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Occurs primarily in,
but not limited to, the Cumberland Sub-region.
Present.
Ecological
Community
Shale Sandstone
Transition Forest of the
Sydney
Basin Bioregion
CE CE Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Occurs on the edges of Cumberland Plain where
clay soils integrade with earthy and sandy soils
from sandstone.
Unlikely, not found
on site.
Ecological
Community
Turpentine-Ironbark
Forest in the Sydney
Basin
Bioregion
E CE Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Occurs on the higher altitude margins of the
Cumberland Plain on shale ridge caps of
sandstone plateaus.
Unlikely, not found
on site.
Ecological
Community
Western Sydney Dry
Rainforest and Moist
CE Suitable
habitat within
Occurs on shale soil in the Cumberland Plain
Sub-region of the Sydney Basin Bioregion.
Unlikely, not found
on site.
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Table B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Records Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
Woodland
on Shale
the locality
Apocynaceae Cynanchum elegans White-flowered Wax
Plant
E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Usually associated with dry rainforest vegetation
and in coastal communities. Can occur in clay
influenced woodland associated with Eucalyptus
tereticornis and Corymbia maculata.
Unlikely, although
Eucalyptus
tereticornis are
present, no
records from the
locality and not
recorded during
surveys.
Apocynaceae Marsdenia viridiflora
subsp. viridiflora
Marsdenia viridiflora R.
Br. subsp. viridiflora
population in the
Bankstown, Blacktown,
Camden,
Campbelltown,
Fairfield, Holroyd,
Liverpool and Penrith
local government
areas
E 1 Found in open shale woodland in vine thickets. Unlikely as only
one record from
the locality and no
suitable habitat is
present.
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina glareicola E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Grows in Castlereagh woodland on lateritic soil
with Eucalyptus parramattensis, Eucalyptus
fibrosa, Angophora bakeri, Eucalyptus
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and
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Table B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Records Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
sclerophylla and Melaleuca decora. Primarily
restricted to the Richmond (NW Cumberland
Plain) district, but with an outlier population found
at Voyager Point, Liverpool.
suitable habitat is
not present.
Fabaceae
(Mimosoideae)
Acacia bynoeana Bynoe's Wattle E V Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Found in heath and woodland on sandy soils.
Prefer open, sometimes slightly disturbed sites
such as trail margins, edges of roadside spoil
mounds and in recently burnt patches.
Associated overstorey species include Corymbia
maculata (Red Bloodwood), Eucalyptus
haemastoma (Scribbly Gum), Eucalyptus
parramattensis (Parramatta Red Gum), Banksia
serrata (Saw Banksia) and Angophora bakeri
(Narrow-leaved Apple).
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and
suitable habitat is
not present.
Fabaceae
(Mimosoideae)
Acacia gordonii E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
The species occurs on the lower eastern slopes
of the Blue Mountains, and within the Glenorie-
Maroota Area. It grows in dry sclerophyll forest
and heathlands amongst or within sandstone
outcrops.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and
suitable habitat is
not present.
Fabaceae
(Faboideae)
Pultenaea parviflora E V Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Endemic to the Cumberland Plain. Core
distribution is from Windsor to Penrith and east to
Dean Park. Found in scrubby/dry heath areas
within Castlereagh Ironbark Forest and Shale
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and no
suitable habitat is
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Table B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Records Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
Gravel Transition Forest on tertiary alluvium or
laterised clays and in transitional areas where
these communities adjoin Castlereagh Scribbly
Gum Woodland.
present.
Fabaceae
(Mimosoideae)
Acacia pubescens Downy Wattle V V 6 Found in open woodland and forest, including
Cumberland Plain Woodland. Prefers gravely
soils often with ironstone.
Unlikely, although
suitable habitat is
present species is
easily identified
and was not
recorded on-site.
Geraniaceae Pelargonium sp.
Striatellum (G.W. Carr
10345)
Omeo Stork's-bill E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
The species occurs in habitat located just above
the high water level of irregularly inundated or
ephemeral lakes. The habitat is the transitional
zone between grasslands and the wetland or
aquatic vegetation. During dry periods the
species spreads to colonise exposed lake beds. It
is only currently known from 4 locations, three of
which are on lake-beds within the basalt plains of
the Monaro, and the fourth at Lake Basalt.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and no
suitable habitat is
present.
Myrtaceae Darwinia biflora V V Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Occurs on the edges of weathered shale-capped
ridges, where these integrade with Hawkesbury
Sandstone.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and
suitable habitat is
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Table B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Records Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
not present.
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus nicholii Narrow-leaved Black
Peppermint
V V 1 Occurs in dry grassy woodland on shallow soils
of slopes and ridges. Prefers infertile soils
derived from granite or metasedimentary rock on
the lower slopes of the landscape.
Unlikely as only
one record from
the locality and no
suitable habitat is
present.
Myrtaceae Melaleuca deanei Deane's Melaleuca V V Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Grows in wet heath on sandstone, sandy soils
and woodlands.
Unlikely, although
suitable habitat is
present, species
was not identified
during surveys.
Myrtaceae Micromyrtus minutiflora E V Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Found in Castlereagh Scribbly Gum Woodland,
Ironbark Forest, Shale/Gravel Transition Forest,
open forest on tertiary alluvium and consolidated
river sediments.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and no
suitable habitat is
present.
Myrtaceae Syzygium paniculatum Magenta Lilly Pilly E V 1 Occurs on grey soils over sandstone and is
mainly restricted to remnant stands of littoral
rainforest along the coast.
Unlikely as only
one record from
the locality and no
suitable habitat is
present.
Orchidaceae Cryptostylis hunteriana Leafless Tongue- V V Suitable Occur in a wide variety of habitats including Unlikely as no
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Table B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Records Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
orchid habitat within
the locality
heathlands, heathy woodlands, sedgelands,
Xanthorrhoea spp. plains, dry sclerophyll forests
(shrub/grass sub-formation and shrubby sub-
formation), forested wetlands, freshwater
wetlands, grasslands, grassy woodlands,
rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests. Soils are
generally considered to be moist and sandy,
however, this species is also known to grow in
dry or peaty soils. Is associated with the
community Bloodwood / Scribbly Gum / Silver-top
Ash Forest on the South Coast. Species is known
to have occurrence associated with other
Cryptostylis species. Flowering occurs generally
from November to February.
records from the
locality and
associated
communities are
not present.
Orchidaceae Genoplesium baueri Yellow Gnat-orchid E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Grows in dry sclerophyll forest and moss gardens
over sandstone.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and
suitable habitat is
not present.
Orchidaceae Pterostylis gibbosa Illawarra Greenhood E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
All known populations grow in open forest or
woodland, on flat or gently sloping land with poor
drainage. In the Illawarra region, the species
grows in woodland dominated by Eucalyptus
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and no
suitable habitat is
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Table B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Records Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
tereticornis (Forest Red Gum), E. longifolia
(Woollybutt), and Melaleuca decora (White
Feather Honey-myrtle). Near Nowra, the species
grows in open forest of Corymbia maculata
(Spotted Gum), E. tereticornis, and E. paniculata
(Grey Ironbark). It is only visible above the
ground between late summer and spring, and
only when soil moisture levels can sustain its
growth. The species is currently only known to
occur at five sites three in the Illawarra, one near
Nowra, and one at Milbrodale in the Hunter
Valley.
present.
Orchidaceae Pterostylis saxicola Sydney Plains
Greenhood
E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
The species occurs in small pockets of shallow
soil in flat areas on top of sandstone rock shelves
above cliff lines, or on mossy rocks in gullies.
Sclerophyll forest/woodland often occurs growing
above where the species occurs, on shale or
shale/sandstone transition soils. Flowering time is
from October to December. It is currently only
known to occur at five locations within western
Sydney: Georges River National Park, close to
Yeramba Lagoon, Peter Meadows Creek, and St
Marys Towers.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and no
suitable habitat is
present.
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Table B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Records Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
Proteaceae Grevillea juniperina
subsp. juniperina
Juniper-leaved
Grevillea
V 12 Found in Cumberland Plain Woodland and
Castlereagh Woodland often in small populations
on road verges. Grows on reddish clay to sandy
soils typically containing lateritic gravels.
Present.
Proteaceae Persoonia hirsuta Hairy Persoonia E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Found in dry sclerophyll forest, in open forest,
woodland, and heath on sandstone.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and site is
too degraded.
Proteaceae Persoonia nutans Nodding Geebung E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Occurs on aeolian and alluvial sediments in
woodland to dry sclerophyll forest, below 60 m
above sea level.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and no
suitable habitat is
present.
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris brunnea Rufous Pomaderris E V Suitable
habitat within
the locality
In the region, the species is only found in a very
limited area around the Colo, Nepean and
Hawkesbury Rivers, including the Bargo area and
near Camden. It grows in moist woodland or
forest on clay and alluvial soils of flood plains and
creek lines.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and no
suitable habitat is
present.
Rutaceae Asterolasia elegans E E Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Occurs on Hawkesbury sandstone growing
between sandstone boulders and rocky outcrops
found in sheltered forests on mid- to lower slopes
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and
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Table B.1 Threatened flora likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Records Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
and valleys, e.g. in or adjacent to gullies which
support sheltered forest. It is currently only known
from 7 populations occurring in the hills north of
Maroota within a 22 km2 extent of occurrence.
suitable habitat is
not present.
Santalaceae Thesium australe Austral Toadflax V V Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Found in very small populations scattered across
eastern NSW. Occurs in grassland on coastal
headlands or grassland and grassy woodland
away from the coast. Often found in association
with Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis).
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and no
Kangaroo grass
recorded on-site
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea curviflora var.
curviflora
V V Suitable
habitat within
the locality
Occurs on ridge tops and upper slopes in open
forest and woodland on sandy soils derived from
sandstone, on shale/lateritic soils, and on
shale/sandstone transition soils.
Unlikely as no
records from the
locality and no
suitable habitat is
present.
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea spicata Spiked Rice-flower E E 122 Found on well-structured clay soils in
Cumberland Plain and Illawarra environments. In
the inland Cumberland Plain sites it is associated
with Grey Box and Ironbark. In the coastal
Illawarra it occurs commonly in Coast Banksia
open woodland with a better developed shrub
and grass understorey.
Potential as
suitable habitat
present and high
number of records
from the locality.
Note: V=vulnerable, E=endangered, CE=critically endangered
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Appendix C
Threatened Fauna Likelihood of Occurrence
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
Amphibians Hylidae Litoria aurea Green and Golden
Bell Frog
E V Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
The species is found in a wide range of
water bodies except fast moving streams.
It commonly inhabits disturbed sites such
abandoned quarries and mines, though
generally breeds in habitats that include
still, shallow, unpolluted water bodies, that
are unshaded, contain aquatic plants are
free of Mosquito fish and other predators,
with a range of diurnal shelter sites
(emergent aquatic vegetation).
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and no suitable habitat
is present.
Amphibians Hylidae Litoria littlejohni Littlejohn's Tree
Frog
V V Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Inhabits forest, coastal woodland and
heath, from 100 to 950 m above sea level.
It breed in rocky streams, still water in
dams, ditches, isolated pools, and
temporary pools where sufficient run-off
water is available.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and no suitable habitat
is present.
Amphibians Hylidae Litoria raniformis Growling Grass
Frog
E V Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Occurs amongst emergent vegetation in or
at the edges of still or slow flowing water
bodies.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and no suitable habitat
is present.
Amphibians Myobatrachidae Mixophyes balbus Stuttering Frog E V Suitable
habitat
Typically found in association with
permanent streams through temperate
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
within the
locality
and sub-tropical rainforest, and wet
sclerophyll forest. It is rarely found in dry,
open, tableland, riparian vegetation, and
moist gullies in dry forest.
and no suitable habitat
is present.
Aves Accipitridae Hieraaetus
morphnoides
Little Eagle V 5 Occurs in open eucalypt forest, woodland
or open woodland. It nests in tall living
trees within a remnant woodlands.
Potential as recorded
in the locality. Site
lacks optimal habitat
but species could
utilise the site
periodically for
foraging purposes.
Aves Apodidae Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift Mig. Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Almost an exclusively aerial species. Potential, but would
only forage aerially
overhead.
Aves Apodidae Hirundapus
caudacutus
White-throated
Needletail
Mig. Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Almost an exclusively aerial species. Potential, but would
only forage aerially
overhead.
Aves Ardeidae Ardea alba Great Egret Mig. Suitable
habitat
within the
Usually inhabit open, freshwater wetlands
with low, dense vegetation. Will utilise
artificial habitats including pasture and
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and site lacks suitable
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
locality ploughed paddocks. habitat.
Aves Dasyornithidae Dasyornis
brachypterus
Eastern Bristlebird E E Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Occurs in a variety of habitats including
sedgeland, heathland, swampland,
shrubland, sclerophyll forest and
woodland, and rainforest.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the
locality.
Aves Falconidae Falco subniger Black Falcon V 1 Species is widely distributed in NSW,
occurring in most inland regions.
Potential as recorded
in the locality. Species
could utilise the site
periodically for
foraging purposes.
Aves Meliphagidae Anthochaera
phrygia
Regent Honeyeater E E 1 Inhabits dry open forest and woodland,
particularly Box-Ironbark woodland, and
riparian forests of River Sheoak. These
woodlands have significantly large
numbers of mature trees, high canopy
cover and abundance of mistletoes. The
Regent Honeyeater is a generalist forager,
which mainly feeds on the nectar from a
wide range of eucalypts and mistletoes.
Unlikely as only one
record from the locality
and the site lacks
preferred habitat.
Aves Meliphagidae Grantiella picta Painted Honeyeater V V Suitable
habitat
within the
Occurs in Boree, Brigalow and Box-Gum
Woodlands and Box-Ironbarks. Feeds
primarily on mistletoe fruit and insects.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and preferred habitat
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
locality is not present.
Aves Meropidae Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater Mig. Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
In Australia it is widespread, except in
desert areas, and breeds throughout most
of its range, although southern birds
move north to breed. The Rainbow Bee-
eater is most often found in open forests,
woodlands and shrublands, and cleared
areas, usually near water. It will be found
on farmland with remnant vegetation and
in orchards and vineyards. It will use
disturbed sites such as quarries, cuttings
and mines to build its nesting tunnels.
Potential as suitable
habitat is present.
Aves Monarchidae Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher Mig. Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Found along the east coast of Australia in
tall forests, preferring wetter habitats such
as heavily forested gullies, but not
rainforests.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and site lacks suitable
habitat.
Aves Muscicapidae Monarcha
melanopsis
Black-faced
Monarch
Mig. Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Found along the coast of eastern
Australia, becoming less common further
south. The Black-faced Monarch is found
in rainforests, eucalypt woodlands,
coastal scrub and damp gullies. It may be
found in more open woodland when
migrating.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and site lacks suitable
habitat.
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
Aves Muscicapidae Monarcha
trivirgatus
Spectacled Monarch Mig. Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Found along the entire eastern seaboard
of Australia. More often found where there
is thick understorey in rainforests, wet
gullies, waterside vegetation and also in
mangroves.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and site lacks suitable
habitat.
Aves Muscicapidae Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail Mig. Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Found in rainforest, dense wet forests,
swamp woodlands and mangroves,
preferring deep shade, and is often seen
close to the ground.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and site lacks suitable
habitat.
Aves Neosittidae Daphoenositta
chrysoptera
Varied Sittella V 2 Eucalypt forest and woodlands, especially
with rough barked species, smooth-barks
with dead branches, mallee and acacia.
Nests in living trees and feeds off insects
in dead trees.
Potential as recorded
in the locality. Site
lacks optimal habitat
but species could
utilise the site
periodically for
foraging purposes.
Aves Psittacidae Lathamus discolor Swift Parrot E E 13 Migrates to the Australian south-east
mainland between March and October
where it inhabits areas with abundant
flowering eucalypts and lerps. Forests,
woodlands, plantations, banksias, street
trees and gardens.
Potential as recorded
in the locality. Site
lacks optimal habitat
but species could
utilise the site
periodically for
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
foraging purposes.
Aves Strigidae Ninox connivens Barking Owl V 1 Occurs in woodlands, open forest,
including fragmented remnants and partly
cleared farmlands. It roosts in shaded
portion of tree canopies prefers areas
containing arboreal mammals for prey.
Unlikely as only one
record from the locality
and the site lacks
preferred habitat.
Aves Strigidae Ninox strenua Powerful Owl V 3 Habitat for this species is widespread and
is primarily tall moist eucalypt forest of the
eastern tableland edge and the mosaic of
wet and dry sclerophyll forests occurring
on undulating gentle terrain nearer the
coast. Optimal habitat includes a tall shrub
layer and abundant hollows supporting
high densities of arboreal marsupials.
Pairs occupy large, probably permanent
home and nest in large hollows.
Potential as recorded
in the locality. Site
lacks optimal habitat
but species could
utilise the site
periodically for
foraging purposes.
Aves Tytonidae Tyto
novaehollandiae
Masked Owl V 2 Found in dry eucalypt forests and
woodlands. Often hunts along the edges
of forests such as roadsides.
Potential as recorded
in the locality. Site
lacks optimal habitat
but species could
utilise the site
periodically for
foraging purposes.
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
Gastropoda Camaenidae Meridolum
corneovirens
Cumberland Plain
Land Snail
E 32 Primarily inhabits Cumberland Plain
Woodland (an endangered ecological
community). This community is a grassy,
open woodland with occasional dense
patches of shrubs. Lives under litter of
bark, leaves and logs, or shelters in loose
soil around grass clumps. Occasionally
shelters under rubbish.
Potential as high
number of records in
the locality and
suitable habitat is
present.
Gastropoda Camaenidae Pommerhelix
duralensis
Dural Woodland
Snail
E Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Species occurs under rocks or inside
curled-up bark within communities in the
interface region between sandstone-
derived and shale-derived soils.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and no suitable habitat
is present.
Mammalia Dasyuridae Dasyurus
maculatus
Spotted-tailed Quoll V E 6 Occurs in wide variety of habitats from
open woodland to rainforests in large
remnants. Dens in tree hollows, hollow
logs or rock crevices.
Unlikely as low
number of records in
the locality and site
lacks suitable denning
habitat
Mammalia M Isoodon obesulus
obesulus
Southern Brown
Bandicoot (eastern)
E E Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Occurs south of the Hawkesbury River in
heath or open forest with a heathy
understorey on sandy or friable soils.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and site lacks a heathy
understorey.
Mammalia Macropodidae Petrogale Brush-tailed Rock- E V Suitable Prefers rocky habitats, including loose Unlikely as not
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
penicillata wallaby habitat
within the
locality
boulder-piles, rocky outcrops, steep rocky
slopes, cliffs, gorges, and isolated rock
stacks. Vegetation types associated with
the species include dense forest, wet
sclerophyll forest, vine thicket, dry
sclerophyll forest, and open forest.
recorded in the locality
and no suitable habitat
is present.
Mammalia Molossidae Mormopterus
norfolkensis
Eastern Freetail-bat V 17 Inhabits dry and wet sclerophyll forests,
coastal woodland. Roosts in tree hollows
and buildings. Have been found roosting
under the bark of trees.
Potential as recorded
in the locality and
suitable habitat is
present.
Mammalia Muridae Pseudomys
novaehollandiae
New Holland Mouse V Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Species inhabits heathlands, open
woodlands with a heath understorey, and
vegetated sand dunes, and lives
predominately in burrows, nocturnally
feeding on insects.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and no suitable habitat
is present.
Mammalia Phascolarctidae Phascolarctos
cinereus
Koala V V Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Found in eucalypt woodlands and forests. Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and no suitable habitat
is present.
Mammalia Pteropodidae Pteropus
poliocephalus
Grey-headed Flying-
fox
V V 36 Occur in subtropical and temperate
rainforests, tall sclerophyll forests and
woodlands, heaths and swamps as well as
Likely. High number of
occurrences and
species likely uses the
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
urban gardens and cultivated fruit crops. site for foraging
purposes as part of a
larger foraging range.
Mammalia Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus dwyeri Large-eared Pied
Bat
V V 1 The species is associated with areas
dominated by sandstone escarpments;
sandstone cliffs and fertile woodland
valley habitat occurring in close proximity
to each other is important for the species.
It roosts in cliff/escarpment areas and
forages in fertile forest. Roosting is
predominately in arch caves with dome
roofs, but has been observed in disused
mines shafts, overhangs, and disused
Fairy Martin nests.
Unlikely as only one
record from the locality
and the site lacks
preferred habitat.
Mammalia Vespertilionidae Falsistrellus
tasmaniensis
Eastern False
Pipistrelle
V 6 Prefers moist habitats with trees taller than
20 m. Typically roosts in eucalypt hollows
but is also known to utilise loose bark and
buildings.
Unlikely as low
number of records in
the locality and site
lacks preferred habitat.
Mammalia Vespertilionidae Miniopterus
schreibersii
oceanensis
Eastern Bentwing-
bat
V 28 Forages above the canopy and eats
mostly moths. Roosts in caves, old mines,
road culverts.
Potential as high
number of records in
the locality and
suitable habitat is
present.
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Table C.1 Threatened fauna likelihood of occurrence within the subject site
Class Family Scientific Name Common Name TSC Act
Status
EPBC Act
Status
Locality
Records
Habitat Requirements Likelihood of
Occurrence
Mammalia Vespertilionidae Myotis macropus Southern Myotis V 6 Roosts close to water in caves, mines,
tree hollows, storm water channels,
bridges, buildings or in dense foliage.
Forages over streams and pools catching
insects and fish.
Unlikely as low
number of records in
the locality and site
lacks water.
Mammalia Vespertilionidae Scoteanax
rueppellii
Greater Broad-
nosed Bat
V 6 More commonly found in tall wet forest but
also occurs in dry eucalypt forest. Roosts
in tree hollows and buildings. Forages
along creek and river corridors.
Unlikely as low
number of records in
the locality and site
lacks preferred habitat.
Reptilia Elapidae Hoplocephalus
bungaroides
Broad-headed
Snake
E V Suitable
habitat
within the
locality
Species occurs on exposed cliff edges
during autumn- spring and moves to
crevices or tree hollows within 500 m of
escarpments in summer.
Unlikely as not
recorded in the locality
and no suitable habitat
is present.
Note: V=vulnerable, E=endangered, Mig.=migratory
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Appendix D
Assessments of Significance
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D.1.1 Cumberland Plain Woodland
(a) In the case of a threatened species, whether the action proposed is likely to have an
adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of
the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(b) In the case of an endangered population, whether the action proposed is likely to
have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species that constitutes the
endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to
be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(c) In the case of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered
ecological community, whether the action proposed:
(i) is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such
that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or
(ii) is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological
community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
The proposed development is unlikely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the
ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
The proposed developments will not remove any of the community present and its local
occurrence within the subject site will persist.
As none of the community will be removed as a result of the proposed development, the
community will not be modified and will not be placed at risk of extinction. Additionally, the
community should not experience any significant indirect impacts of the proposed
development due to foot traffic within the community if the mitigation measures
recommended are implemented. Mitigation measures recommended include the installation
of fencing to demarcate the community and/or signage to educate park visitors on the
importance of the community.
(d) In relation to the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological
community:
(i) the extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the
action proposed, and
(ii) whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other
areas of habitat as a result of the proposed action, and
(iii) the importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to
the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the
locality.
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The community’s extent will not be removed as a result of the proposed development and
any indirect impacts due to foot traffic are not likely to be significant if the recommended
mitigation measures are implemented.
The entire extent of the community will be retained as a result of the proposed development
and will not be fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat further than current
conditions.
As none of the community will be removed, and indirect impacts in the form of ground
disturbance caused by park visitors are unlikely to be significant if fencing and/or signage is
posted, the proposed works are unlikely to impact on the long-term survival of the
community.
(e) Whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on critical habitat
(either directly or indirectly).
No critical habitat for this community has been identified by the Director-General of OEH.
(f) Whether the action proposed is consistent with the objectives or actions of a
recovery plan or threat abatement plan.
No recovery plan or threat abatement plans have been prepared for this community
specifically, however the Cumberland Plain Recovery Plan (DECCW, 2011) contains
objectives that are relevant to this community. The relevant objectives include:
To build a protected area network, comprising public and private lands, focused on
the priority conservation lands; and
To deliver best practice management for threatened species, populations and
ecological communities across the Cumberland Plain, with a specific focus on the
priority conservation lands and public lands where the primary management
objectives are compatible with conservation.
The proposed development supports both of these objectives as no Cumberland Plain
Woodland will be cleared and the community will be preserved within the subject site as a
park.
(g) Whether the action proposed constitutes or is part of a key threatening process or is
likely to result in the operation of, or increase the impact of, a key threatening
process.
The following key threatening processes (KTPs) are relevant to the proposed project:
Clearing of native vegetation.
The KTP of ‘Clearing of native vegetation’ is unlikely to further impact on habitat for this
community further than current conditions as the current extent of the community will be
retained. Native vegetation to be cleared is not within areas of Cumberland Plain Woodland.
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Conclusion
The proposed development is unlikely to negatively impact on this community as its current
extent will be entirely retained. Furthermore, the community should not experience any
indirect impacts as a result of the proposed development if the mitigation measures within
this report are adopted.
D.1.2 Threatened Flora
The following threatened flora species have been assessed collectively in the following
assessment of significance:
Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina – listed as vulnerable under the TSC Act;
Pimelea spicata – listed as vulnerable under the TSC Act;
Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina has been recorded within the northern section of the
subject site and Pimelea spicata is considered to have the potential to occur, primarily within
the best quality Cumberland Plain Woodland located within the northern section of the
subject site.
(a) In the case of a threatened species, whether the action proposed is likely to have an
adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of
the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
The proposed development is unlikely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of either of
these species. The Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina individuals are located in the
northern section of the subject site, which also provides the only suitable habitat for Pimelea
spicata. The proposed development will not impact on either of these species as their
suitable habitat within the subject site is outside of the development footprint.
(b) In the case of an endangered population, whether the action proposed is likely to
have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species that constitutes the
endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to
be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(c) In the case of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered
ecological community, whether the action proposed:
(i) is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such
that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or
(ii) is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological
community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
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(d) In relation to the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological
community:
(i) the extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the
action proposed, and
(ii) whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other
areas of habitat as a result of the proposed action, and
(iii) the importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to
the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the
locality.
The proposed development will not remove potential or known habitat for either of these
species.
The proposed development is not likely to fragment or isolate any areas of habitat for these
species as no suitable habitat is being removed. Furthermore, Grevillea juniperina subsp.
juniperina already occurs within a fragmented landscape within the subject site.
The habitat to be removed is not considered to be important for these species’ long-term
survival as it is not seen as suitable for either species.
(e) Whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on critical habitat
(either directly or indirectly).
No critical habitat for these species has currently been identified by the Director-General of
OEH.
(f) Whether the action proposed is consistent with the objectives or actions of a
recovery plan or threat abatement plan.
No national recovery plan or threat abatement plan has been developed for either of these
species.
(g) Whether the action proposed constitutes or is part of a key threatening process or is
likely to result in the operation of, or increase the impact of, a key threatening
process.
The following key threatening processes (KTPs) are relevant to the proposed project:
Clearing of native vegetation.
The KTP of ‘Clearing of native vegetation’ is unlikely to further impact on habitat for either of
these species further than current conditions as suitable habitat will not be cleared. Native
vegetation to be cleared is not within areas of Cumberland Plain Woodland, which is the
area most likely to provide suitable habitat for these species, and contains the two Grevillea
juniperina subsp. juniperina individuals.
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Conclusion
The proposed development is unlikely to negatively impact either of these two species as the
habitat most suitable for both will be entirely retained.
D.1.3 Birds
The following bird species have been assessed collectively in the following assessment of
significance:
Little Eagle (Hieraaetus morphnoides) – listed as vulnerable under the TSC Act;
Black Falcon (Falco subniger) – listed as vulnerable under the TSC Act;
Varied Sittella (Daphoenositta chrysoptera) – listed as vulnerable under the TSC
Act;
Swift Parrot (Lathamus discolor) – listed as endangered under the TSC Act and
EPBC Act;
Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua) – listed as vulnerable under the TSC Act; and
Masked Owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) - listed as vulnerable under the TSC Act.
All of these species have the potential to utilise the subject site on occasion for foraging
purposes only.
(a) In the case of a threatened species, whether the action proposed is likely to have an
adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of
the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
The subject site represents a small area of foraging habitat available to these potentially
occurring species in the locality. The proposed works will remove some suitable foraging
habitat for these species; however suitable habitat will be retained within the subject site and
the proposed development is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of these
species such that a viable local population would be placed at risk of extinction.
(b) In the case of an endangered population, whether the action proposed is likely to
have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species that constitutes the
endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to
be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(c) In the case of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered
ecological community, whether the action proposed:
(i) is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such
that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or
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(ii) is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological
community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(d) In relation to the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological
community:
(i) the extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the
action proposed, and
(ii) whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other
areas of habitat as a result of the proposed action, and
(iii) the importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to
the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the
locality.
The proposed development will remove approximately 0.1 ha of potential foraging habitat for
these species.
The proposed project is not likely to fragment or isolate any areas of habitat for these
species, but will further encroach into available habitat. All of these bird species are highly
mobile and connectivity to suitable habitat on and off-site will remain.
The habitat to be removed is not considered to be important for these species’ long-term
survival. Suitable habitat will remain within the subject site and in the locality. Additionally,
connectivity to offsite habitat will remain intact for the duration of the proposed works.
(e) Whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on critical habitat
(either directly or indirectly).
No critical habitat for these species has currently been identified by the Director-General of
OEH.
(f) Whether the action proposed is consistent with the objectives or actions of a
recovery plan or threat abatement plan.
A recovery plan has been developed for Large Forest Owls which applies to the Powerful
Owl and Masked Owl. The relevant objectives of this recovery plan are outlined below:
Ensure the impacts on large forest owls and their habitats are adequately
assessed during planning and environmental assessment processes; and
Minimise further loss and fragmentation of habitat by protection and more informed
management of significant owl habitat (including protection of individual nest sites).
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The proposed development is in accordance with the recovery plan for these species as their
potential habitat is being adequately assessed and no significant owl habitat or individual
nests will be impacted.
No other recovery plans have been developed for any of the other species listed and no
threat abatement plans have been prepared for any of these species.
(g) Whether the action proposed constitutes or is part of a key threatening process or is
likely to result in the operation of, or increase the impact of, a key threatening
process.
The following key threatening processes (KTPs) are relevant to the proposed project:
Clearing of native vegetation.
The KTP of ‘Clearing of native vegetation’ may potentially impact habitat for this species
further than current conditions. However, the vegetation on the subject site is not considered
to constitute significant habitat for these species. As potential habitat within the subject site
and connectivity to offsite habitat will be retained, the clearing of native vegetation is not
likely to significantly impact habitat for these potentially occurring threatened species.
Conclusion
The proposed development will impact on potential foraging habitat for these species;
however none of the habitat to be removed is considered important for their long-term
survival. These species would likely only utilise the subject site for foraging purposes as part
of a broader foraging range and suitable habitat will be retained on-site and within the
locality. Therefore, the proposed development is unlikely to adversely impact the long-term
survival of a local population for any of these species.
D.1.4 Microbats
The following two microbat species area assessed collectively in the following assessment of
significance:
Eastern Freetail-bat (Mormopterus norfolkensis) – listed as vulnerable under the
TSC Act; and
Eastern Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis) - listed as vulnerable
under the TSC Act.
(a) In the case of a threatened species, whether the action proposed is likely to have an
adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of
the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
The subject site represents a small area of habitat available to these potentially occurring
species in the locality. Although potential roosting and foraging habitat will be removed as a
result of the proposed development, better and more suitable habitat will be retained for
these species within the subject site, within the Cumberland Plain Woodland to the north.
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Additionally, no breeding habitat is present within on the subject site for the Eastern
Bentwing-bat. Therefore, the proposed development is unlikely to place a local population of
these species at risk of extinction.
(b) In the case of an endangered population, whether the action proposed is likely to
have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species that constitutes the
endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to
be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(c) In the case of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered
ecological community, whether the action proposed:
(i) is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such
that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or
(ii) is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological
community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(d) In relation to the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological
community:
(i) the extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the
action proposed, and
(ii) whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other
areas of habitat as a result of the proposed action, and
(iii) the importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to
the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the
locality.
The proposed development will require the removal of approximately 0.1 ha of potential
habitat for these species.
The proposed development is not likely to fragment or isolate any areas of habitat for this
species, but will further encroach into available habitat. Both species are highly mobile and
connectivity to on-site and off-site vegetation will be retained.
The habitat to be removed as a result of the proposed development is not considered to be
important for these species’ long-term survival. Suitable habitat will remain within the subject
site and in the locality. Additionally, connectivity to offsite habitat will remain intact for the
duration of the development.
(e) Whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on critical habitat
(either directly or indirectly).
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No critical habitat for these species has currently been identified by the Director-General of
OEH.
(f) Whether the action proposed is consistent with the objectives or actions of a
recovery plan or threat abatement plan.
No recovery plan or threat abatement plans have been prepared for any of these species.
(g) Whether the action proposed constitutes or is part of a key threatening process or is
likely to result in the operation of, or increase the impact of, a key threatening
process.
The following key threatening processes (KTPs) are relevant to the proposed project:
Clearing of native vegetation.
The KTP of ‘Clearing of native vegetation’ may potentially impact habitat for this species
further than current conditions. However, the vegetation on the subject site is not considered
to constitute significant habitat. As potential habitat within the subject site and connectivity to
offsite habitat will be retained, the clearing of native vegetation is not likely to significantly
impact habitat for this potentially occurring threatened species.
Conclusion
Although approximately 0.1 ha of potential habitat will be removed as a result of the
proposed development, the majority of this habitat is likely only utilised for foraging as part of
broader foraging range. Large areas of suitable foraging and roosting habitat will be retained
within the subject site, specifically within areas of Cumberland Plain Woodland in the north,
which provides the most optimal habitat for these species. Therefore, the proposed
development is unlikely to adversely impact the long-term survival of a local population of
either of these species.
D.1.5 Grey-headed Flying-fox
(a) In the case of a threatened species, whether the action proposed is likely to have an
adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of
the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
The subject site represents a small area of foraging habitat available for this potentially
occurring species in the locality. This species would likely only utilise the subject site
periodically as part of a much broader foraging range. As no camps are present and suitable
foraging habitat will be retained within the subject site and in the locality, the proposed
development is not likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of this species such that
a viable local population would be placed at risk of extinction.
(b) In the case of an endangered population, whether the action proposed is likely to
have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species that constitutes the
endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to
be placed at risk of extinction.
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Not applicable.
(c) In the case of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered
ecological community, whether the action proposed:
(i) is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such
that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or
(ii) is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological
community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(d) In relation to the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological
community:
(i) the extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the
action proposed, and
(ii) whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other
areas of habitat as a result of the proposed action, and
(iii) the importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to
the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the
locality.
The proposed development will result in the removal of approximately 0.1 ha of potential
foraging habitat for this species.
This species is highly mobile and capable of accessing habitat over long distances, therefore
the proposed development is not likely to fragment or isolate any areas of habitat for this
species, but will further encroach into available foraging habitat.
The habitat to be removed as a result of the proposed works is not considered to be
important for this species long-term survival as it only represents a small portion of foraging
habitat. Suitable foraging habitat will remain within the subject site and in the locality.
Additionally, no flying fox camps will be impacted on.
(e) Whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on critical habitat
(either directly or indirectly).
No critical habitat for these species has currently been identified by the Director-General of
OEH.
(f) Whether the action proposed is consistent with the objectives or actions of a
recovery plan or threat abatement plan.
No recovery plan or threat abatement plans have been prepared for any of these species.
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(g) Whether the action proposed constitutes or is part of a key threatening process or is
likely to result in the operation of, or increase the impact of, a key threatening
process.
The following key threatening processes (KTPs) are relevant to the proposed project:
Clearing of native vegetation.
The KTP of ‘Clearing of native vegetation’ may potentially impact habitat for this species
further than current conditions. However, the vegetation on the subject site is not considered
to constitute significant habitat for this species as it only represent a small portion of foraging
habitat. As potential habitat within the subject site will be retained, the clearing of native
vegetation is not likely to significantly impact this potentially occurring threatened species.
Conclusion
The vegetation to be removed as a result of the proposed works would likely only be used by
this species periodically as part of a much broader foraging range. As no flying fox camp will
be impacted and suitable habitat will be retained within the subject site and the locality, the
proposed works are unlikely to adversely impact the long-term survival of a local population.
D.1.6 Cumberland Plain Land Snail
Surveys were conducted for the Cumberland Plain Land Snail and no individuals were
recorded. As such, a population is likely absent from the subject site and no individuals are
likely to be impacted. Nevertheless, the following Assessment of Significance assesses the
potential impacts of the project on this species as some suitable habitat is present.
(a) In the case of a threatened species, whether the action proposed is likely to have an
adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of
the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
The subject site represents a small area of habitat available to this potentially occurring
species in the locality. No trees that provide suitable habitat for the species will be removed
and the proposed development is unlikely to place a viable population at risk of extinction.
(b) In the case of an endangered population, whether the action proposed is likely to
have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species that constitutes the
endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to
be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(c) In the case of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered
ecological community, whether the action proposed:
(i) is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such
that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or
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(ii) is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological
community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.
Not applicable.
(d) In relation to the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological
community:
(i) the extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the
action proposed, and
(ii) whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other
areas of habitat as a result of the proposed action, and
(iii) the importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to
the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the
locality.
The proposed development will not remove any suitable habitat for this species.
The proposed project is not likely to fragment or isolate any areas of habitat for this species,
but may further encroach into available habitat. Connectivity to suitable habitat on and off-
site will remain.
No suitable habitat will be removed as a result of the proposed development. As only non-
suitable habitat will be cleared, this habitat is not important to the species long term survival
in the locality. Furthermore, all suitable habitat will be retained and additional suitable habitat
will be replanted as part of the Landscape Plan.
(e) Whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on critical habitat
(either directly or indirectly).
No critical habitat for this species has currently been identified by the Director-General of
OEH.
(f) Whether the action proposed is consistent with the objectives or actions of a
recovery plan or threat abatement plan.
No recovery plan or threat abatement plans have been prepared for any of these species.
(g) Whether the action proposed constitutes or is part of a key threatening process or is
likely to result in the operation of, or increase the impact of, a key threatening
process.
The following key threatening processes (KTPs) are relevant to the proposed project:
Clearing of native vegetation.
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The KTP of ‘Clearing of native vegetation’ is unlikely to impact habitat for this species further
than current conditions. All suitable habitat within the subject site will be retained and the
clearing of non-suitable habitat is unlikely to have an impact on the species.
Conclusion
As no Cumberland Plain Land Snails were identified during surveys and all suitable habitat
will be retained, the proposed development is unlikely to have an adverse impact on this
species such that the long-term survival of a local population would be placed at risk of
extinction.