GrapheneGraphene physically acts as a 2-Dimensional material.

This leads to many properties that are electrially beneficial, such as high electron moblity and lowered

power usage. Graphene is currently in its infant stages and is undergoing many applications and

studies.

• It was discovered at Manchester University by Russian born scientists ANDRE GEIM and KOSTYA NOVOSELOV in 2004.

• They won Nobel prize in 2010 for their discovery.

• It is a layer of carbon a single atom thick, stronger than diamond but stretches like rubber and conducts electricity much more times than copper

IntroductionWhat is Graphene

Discovery

Methods of preparation

Electrical Properties

Mechanical Strength

Optical Properties

Applications

Devices

What is Graphene

2-dimensional, crystalline allotrope of carbon

Allotrope: property of chemical elements to exist in two or more forms

Single layer of graphiteHoneycomb (hexagonal) lattice

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Graphen.jpg/750px-Graphen.jpg

Graphene vs Other Allotropes

Graphene - Top LeftGraphite - Top Right

Nanotube - Bottom LeftFullerene - Bottom Right

http://graphene.nus.edu.sg/content/graphene

DiscoveryStudies on graphite layers for

past hundred years

Graphene theory first explored by P.R. Wallce

(1947)

It was discovered in 2004 in UK

http://powerlisting.wikia.com/wiki/File:Graphite.jpg

Methods of preparation

• Direct exfoliation of graphite • Graphite intercalation method • Graphite oxide method

Electrical PropertiesThe Fermi level can be changed by doping to create a material that is

better at conducting electricity

Experimental graphene's electron mobility is 15,000 cm2/(V*s) and theoretically potential limits of

200,000 cm2/(V*s)

Graphene electrons are like photons in mobility due to lack of effective

electron and hole mass

These charge carriers are able to travel sub-micrometer distances

without scattering

Mechanical StrengthsBond length is .142 nm long = very strong bond

Strongest material ever discovered

ultimate tensile strength of 130 gigapascals compared to 400 megapascals for structural steel

Very light at 0.77 milligrams per square metre, paper is 1000 times heavier

Single sheet of graphene can cover a whole football field while weighing under 1 gram

Also, graphene is very flexible, yet brittle (preventing structural use)

Optical Properties

Absorbs 2.3% white light

Optical electronics absorb <10% white light

Highly conductive

Strong and flexiblePhotograph of graphene in

transmitted light.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphene_visible.jpg

Other ApplicationsOLED Techonologies

Body Armour

Lightweight Aircraft/vehicles

Photovoltaics

Superconductor

Filtration

Biological Engineering

• Optical Electronics (touch screen, LTD, OLED)

• Composites • Energy storage

Devices

http://www.tgdaily.com/general-sciences-features/61058-team-uses-graphene-film-to-distil-vodka

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED

http://www.simplifysimple.com/index.php?news&nid=15_The-new-look-of-phones

Summary

Graphene, a singular layer of graphite, has been discovered to have unique properties. The high mobility and ability to travel short distances without scattering makes it one of the best materials for electrical applications. Graphene's mechanical and optical properties also allow its use to go beyond electrical applications.

Conclusion Graphite had been studied for over a hundred years but

Geim and Novoselov found how to isolate it to be graphene and some applications for its use

The reason graphene is such a beneficial material is due to its 2D like nature and short/strong bonds

It has a super high conductivity and an electron mobility of 15,000 cm2/(V*s)

It is the strongest material ever discovered, however its brittle nature cannot be used structurally (only to help

reinforce)

One of the most common current uses of graphene is in OLEDs

Thank you