graphic communication

17/02/03 Designed by Barry Forbes

Graphic Communication

Hexagons & Hexagonal Prisms


Hexagons

Hexagons are 6 sided shapes.

Hexagons can be dimensioned in 2 different ways.– 1. Across the faces.– 2. Across the corners.


Hexagons- Across the Faces

The dimension of the hexagon is taken from one face to the opposite face.


Hexagons- Across the Corners

The dimension of the hexagon is taken from one corner to the opposite corner.


Hexagons - How to draw them

Draw circle at the required size.

If the hexagon is to be 50mm across the corners or (AC) the draw a circle Ø50.

If the hexagon is to be 50mm across the faces or (AF) the draw a circle Ø50.


Hexagons - How to draw themFor hexagons across the flats use your 30°/60° set square to draw the lines to make up the hexagon.

The hexagon should be drawn outside the circle.


Hexagons - How to draw themFor hexagons across the corners use your 30°/60° set square to draw the lines to make up the hexagon.

The hexagon should be drawn inside the circle.


Hexagonal Prisms

Hexagonal prisms are similar to cylinders but instead of having a circular cross section they are hexagonal.


Hexagonal Prisms - the Elevation

Now we will draw the Elevation of the hexagonal prism.

Elevation

We see each of the faces as rectangles with the widest being the centre.

Hei

ght

Hei

ght


Hexagonal Prisms - the PlanNow we will draw the Plan of the hexagonal prism.

Elevation

Project the lines up from the Elevation.


Hexagonal Prisms - the Plan

Then use your 30/60 set square to complete.

Elevation

Plan


Hexagonal Prisms - the End Elevation

Elevation

Plan

Draw a 45° from the top right hand corner of the Elevation.

This 45° line is called a bounce line.



Project the depth of the block across to the bounce line then where they intersect project down.

Elevation

Plan



Now project the heights across from the Elevation to complete.

Elevation

Plan

End Elevation


Hexagonal Prisms - the Completed Orthographic

Elevation

Plan

End Elevation


Hexagonal Prisms - With Cuts

Sometimes the top or the bottom (or both of these) are chopped off the prism. This could be if the prism was for a label or storage for something.

So how do we draw this? The next few slides will show us.


Cut Hexagonal Prisms - the Elevation

Elevation

Either the Elevation or End Elevation will normally be given drawn for you.

Therefore, you will have to be able to identify them.

Spot the cuts


Cut Hexagonal Prisms - the Plan

Project the lines up from the Elevation as shown.

Elevation



Use your 30/60 set square to complete the normal hexagonal shape.

Elevation

Even though the top and bottom of the prism have been cut, the outline from the plan view remains the same.

Plan



Now project up the lines from where the cuts are made.

Elevation

Plan



Now darken in these lines on the plan.

Elevation

You won’t be able to see the cut on the bottom of the prism so it will be drawn as a hidden detail line.

Plan


Cut Hexagonal Prisms - the End Elevation

To do this extend the top across and the side up. Draw your 45° bounce line from where they cross.

Now that the plan is complete we have to draw the End Elevation.

Elevation

Before we can draw our 45° bounce line we have to find out where the top right hand corner of the Elevation is.

Plan



Project the depth of the block across to the bounce line then where they intersect project down.

Elevation

Plan



Now project the heights across from the Elevation to complete.

Elevation

Plan

End Elevation



This shape looks awkward but remember, there are 6 corners and faces of the shape so the cuts can only go to the corners.

Elevation

Plan

End Elevation


Hexagonal Prisms - the Development

A development is a flat template of a 3D shape that when folded up in the correct way makes the actual shape of the 3D object.

Developments are particularly useful when modelling new design ideas or to prepare for folding shapes in sheet metal.



Elevation

Plan

Project the height of the prism across the page.

Here the development of the sides will be drawn. This does not include the top and bottom of the prism.



Elevation

Plan

Now, using a compass, step out the lengths of each side onto

these lines.

Draw vertical lines at each of these points.



Elevation

Plan

To make things easier we number each of the corners of

the hexagon.

Do this as shown on the Plan, Elevation and development.

Here one number is above the other. This is because corner number 3 is in front of corner 1.

1

2

34

5

6

12345

6

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

A development always starts and ends with the same numbered corner. When it folds up these should meet.



Elevation

Plan

Project the cuts across onto the development marking the

appropriate corners as you go.

1

2

34

5

6

2345

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

16



Elevation

Plan

Now join your dots up to

complete the development.

1

2

34

5

6

2345

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

16

As the hexagonal prism has no curves, use a straight edge to

join the dots.



Elevation

Plan

Here is a clearer view of the

complete development.

1

2

34

5

6

2345

1 2 3 4 5 6 1

16


Hexagons & Hexagonal Prisms

Hexagons are 6 sided shapes. Hexagons can be dimensioned A/F or

A/C. The corners should be numbered when

drawing hexagonal prisms to make it easier to tell where cuts go.

A development will fold up to make a 3D model of the object.

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