graphic element
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Types of Lines
Construction of Lines
Exercises
Lines Division
Graphic Elements
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In learning about geometry, graphic elementsplay a significant role in producing a drawing.Graphic elements consist of the point, line andplane.
Point
Line
Plane
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Point Characteristics - Two intersecting shortlines or curves
Point - in engineering drawing a point is defined
as the point of intersecting between two lines or
arcs. Examples of points are shown
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A line is formed when a point over in a certain
direction. A line can be straight or curved
according to its traced direction.
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A plane is an imagined surface. To understand theconcept of plane, imagine a person is standing
upright and his feet are on a horizontal plane
formed when a point over in a certain direction. A
line can be straight or curved according to its
traced direction. A plane is normally shown as a
smooth surface and does not have thickness.
VERTICAL PLANE
HORIZONTAL PLANE
INCLINE PLANE
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Horizontal Line Characteristics:
- A horizontal line is at 0.
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Vertical Line Characteristics:
- A line that is a at 90 to the Horizontal Line
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Inclined Line Characteristics:
- Is at 0 from the reference line
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Curve Characteristics:
- Does have a radius
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Arc Characteristics:
- Has the radius R
R
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Perpendicular Lines Characteristics:
- Intersect each other at 90
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Parallel Lines Characteristics:
- Have equal distance between them along their
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Non-Parallel Lines Characteristics:
- Have varying distance between them along their
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Perpendicular Lines
Parallel Lines
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Perpendicular lines are two lines which
intersect each other at a right angle, or 90.
(a) Constructing a Perpendicular
Line from a Point Outside of
the Line
(b) Constructing a PerpendicularLine at the End of a Line
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Given a point P,
located outside a
line.
P
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Centered at P, draw
arcs intersecting at
C and D.
P
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Centered at C and
D, draw arcsintersecting at F.
P
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P
F
Draw the line PF.
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Given a straight lineAB
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Centered at O, draw a circle trough
the point B and intersecting at C.
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Draw the line CO and extend to D.
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Draw the line DB.
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Parallel lines are two or more lines, which have the same
distance between them along their length. Parallel lines
maybe straight or curved lines.
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Given a line ab and the
distance between lines as s
s
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Construct two
perpendicular lines on
the line.
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Draw arcs with the radius s
intersecting at point M and N.
ss
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Draw the line MN. MN is parallel to AB
s
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(a) Line Division
(b) Dividing a Line into
Several EqualParts
A B1
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Given the straight line AB
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Centered at A, construct arcs C and D
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Centred at B, construct arcs as in A
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The line CD bisects the line AB at E
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Given the straight line AB.
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From the point A, draw a line inclined toAB. Mark five equal parts on the line.
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Draw a line from point 5 to B.
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Draw lines parallel to 5B through the points1,2,3 and 4. Mark the points on the line AB.
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Question 1
Question 2
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Answer
Draw a line XY which parallel with line AB with
length=g
EXERCISES
g
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EXERCISES
Answer
Draw a perpendicular line from point P.
P
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g g
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g
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P
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P
F
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P
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