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Graphic Organizer

LibraryCONTENTS

Graphic Organizers

What Are Graphic Organizers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Why Use Graphic Organizers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Using the Graphic Organizers in the Classroom . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Using Graphic Organizers Effectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Graphic Organizer Library

Graphic Organizer Library Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Graphic Organizer 1: Main Idea Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Graphic Organizer 2: K-W-L-H Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Graphic Organizer 3: Web Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Graphic Organizer 4: Tree Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Graphic Organizer 5: Venn Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Graphic Organizer 6: Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Graphic Organizer 7: Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Graphic Organizer 8: Pyramid Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Graphic Organizer 9: Fishbone Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Graphic Organizer 10: Horizontal Time Line . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Graphic Organizer 11: Problem-Solution Chart . . . . . . . . . .19

Graphic Organizer 12: Cause-Effect Chart (Option 1) . . . . . .20

Graphic Organizer 13: Cause-Effect Chart (Option 2) . . . . . .21

Graphic Organizer 14: Chain-of-Events or Flowchart . . . . . .22

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Graphic Organizer Library 2

WHAT ARE GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS?Graphic organizers are visual representations of written material. Charts, graphs,

diagrams, and maps are all examples of graphic organizers. The use of graphicorganizers promotes critical reading and thinking. In addition, writing infor-mation in a visual or an illustrated way helps students clarify and categorizedata for easier recall. Using graphic organizers also helps students see connec-tions among parallel or related facts. Finally, many teachers believe that havingstudents list information in a graphic organizer makes learning more fun than

just taking notes in the traditional way.

WHY USE GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS?In each chapter of the student textbook, graphic organizers, similar to the oneshown below, appear at the beginning of each section. Use these graphic orga-nizers to:

Set a purpose for student reading.

Help students organize and understand important material as they read.

Provide a visual way for students to reinforce what they read.

Prepare students for tests or quizzes.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

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GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS


USING THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS IN

THE CLASSROOM Print the graphic organizer PDF files. These are available on: The Teacher Resource DVD. The Online Learning Center Web site at glencoe.com.

Give a copy to each student when you assign the section.

Have students follow the directions and fill in the information.

You may need to complete the first few organizers with students if they arenot familiar with the graphic organizers.

Alternately, students can hand draw each organizer on their own papers andwrite their answers.

Once students are comfortable filling in the organizers on their own, you maywish to use the other organizers provided on the following pages to help studentsfocus their reading, take notes, and reinforce new knowledge.

USING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS EFFECTIVELYThe graphic organizers provided in this section are intended to help studentstake notes and organize information when preparing oral reports and researchprojects.

Before requiring students to complete an activity, describe the purpose ofthe particular graphic organizer.

Demonstrate how to use the textbook and prior knowledge to fill ininformation for the various parts of the graphic organizer.

Provide opportunities for students to work in groups as well as individuallywhen completing the graphic organizers, which will teach students toanalyze the graphic more closely.

After students have completed an activity, discuss the responses as a class.This will help students learn to revise their thought processes and betterclarify the organization of the graphic organizers.


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GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS


GRAPHIC ORGANIZER LIBRARY OVERVIEWThere are 14 core graphic organizers provided in the graphic organizer library.

Each core organizer represents a specific kind or purpose of presentation. Forexample, one type of organizer may be better suited to categorize informationsequentially; another to compare and/or contrast; a third to describe, support,or exemplify a main idea; and so on. The following information will explain thepurpose each of the graphic organizers is best suited to address.

Graphic Organizer 1:

Main Idea Chart

This type of graphic organizer is helpfulwhen you want students to find the main ideaof a paragraph or section, and then to analyzethe reading further for more information thatexemplifies and/or supports that main idea.


K-W-L-H Chart

The K-W-L-H chart is used to activate stu-dents prior knowledge and interest beforethey read, as well as to set a purpose for read-ing. This chart asks for student feedback on

what they Know already, what they Want tofind out, what they Learned, and How theycan learn more.

Main Idea

S up po rt ing D etai l S up po rt ing D etai l S up po rt ing D etai l

S up po rt ing D etai l S up po rt ing D etai l S up po rt ing D etai l

What I KnowWhat I Wantto Find Out

What I LearnedHow Can I

Learn More

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER LIBRARY


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GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS



Web Diagram

Web d iagrams are often used to help stu-dents identify one central idea and organizerelated information around it. Students mustdetermine the broad categories that should belisted in the outer parts of the web. Then stu-dents must determine what is relevant factualmaterial and group this data into the appro-priate related categories.

Graphic Organizer 4:Tree Diagram

A tree diagram is based upon the traditionalfamily tree organizational graphic. Studentsare required to record how subordinate factsor statements are related to one another andto a larger, unifying statement. Tree diagramsalso may be utilized as a main idea/support-ing details type of graphic organizer.


Venn Diagram

Venn diagrams are used to compare and con-trast information or to show similarities anddifferences among various objects or subjects.The Venn diagram consists of two or moreoverlapping circles. Differences are listed inthe outer parts of the circles. Similarities aredescribed where the circles overlap. Venn

diagrams are especially helpful in displayingsimilarities and differences at a glance.


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GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS


Graphic Organizers 6 and 7:

Matrix and Table

Matrices and tables are used to organize orcategorize information or to make compar-isons among categories. A matrix is used tocompare multiple items, while a table is usedto compare two items. The items to be com-pared are listed along the left side of the tablesrows, and the general features are listed acrossthe top of the table before fil ling in the cells

with facts or supporting information. GraphicOrganizer 7 may also be used as a storyboard.


Pyramid Table

A pyramid table is very effective for organiz-ing information in a majority/minority orgeneral-to-specific manner. A pyramid tablecan also be used to list details or facts leadingup to a climax or culminating event. Havestudents start at the bottom of the pyramid ifyou would like them to work from a general-ization to a more specific idea.


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GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS



Fishbone Diagram

The purpose of a fishbone diagram is verysimilar to that of a main idea/supportingdetails chart. A main idea statement or cat-egory is written on the single line to the left.Supporting facts, examples, or subcategoriesare written on the lines to the right. In manycases, a third set of lines can be generated andattached to the subcategories with additionalinformation or facts.


Horizontal Time Line

Time lines are used to list important dates inchronological order. Horizontal time linesrequire students to analyze information bysequencing events. Time lines also requirestudents to determine baseline dates and tobe cognizant of the backward nature of ..chronology.


Problem-Solution Chart

The purpose of this t ype of graphic orga-nizer is to help students streamline the stepsinvolved in recognizing a problem and uti-lizing problem-solving skills. The problem-solution chart may be best suited for groupdiscussion after the teacher has explained an

event or action. Students may then describeor predict the problem, after which they maybrainstorm multiple solutions and possibleresults of those solutions.

SolutionProblem


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GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS


Graphic Organizers 12 and 13:

Cause-Effect Charts

This type of organizer helps students analyzeinformation by identifying cause-and-effectrelationships. In some cases, students maybe required to identify a sequence of a causeand its effect, which becomes the cause of yetanother effect. In other cases, students willidentify separate causes and their effects (seeGraphic Organizer 13).


Chain-of-Events or FlowchartA chain-of-events, or f lowchart, asks stu-dents to organize and interpret informationby sequencing the stages of an event. Thistype of graphic organizer can also be used todescribe the actions of a character or group,or the steps to be followed in a procedure.

Cause Effect/Cause Effect

Causes Effects


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Main Idea

Supporting Detail Supporting Detail Supporting Detail

Supporting Detail Supporting Detail Supporting Detail

Graphic Organizer 1: Main Idea Chart


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What I Know What I Wantto Find Out

What I Learned How Can ILearn More

Graphic Organizer 2: K-W-L-H Chart


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Graphic Organizer 3: Web Diagram


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Graphic Organizer 4: Tree Diagram


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GraphicOrganizer5:Venn

Diagram


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Graphic Organizer 6: Matrix


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Graphic Organizer 7: Table


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Graphic Organizer 8: PyramidTable


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Graphic Organizer 9: Fishbone Diagram


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Graphic Organizer 10: Horizontal Time Line


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SolutionProblem

Graphic Organizer 11: Problem-Solution Chart


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Cause E ect/Cause E ect

Graphic Organizer 12: Cause-Effect Chart (Option 1)


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Causes Effects

Graphic Organizer 13: Cause-Effect Chart (Option 2)


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Graphic Organizer 14: Chain-of-Events or Flowchart

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