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Graphics Processors CMSC 411

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Page 1: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

Graphics Processors

CMSC 411

Page 2: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

GPU graphics processing model

Texture /Buffer

Vertex

Geometry

Fragment

CPU

DisplayedPixels

Page 3: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

GPU computation

• NVIDIA GeForce 7800– ~860M vertices/sec– ~172M triangles/sec– ~6.9G fragments/sec– ~10.3G texels/sec– ~165 GFLOPS– ~2.4x increase/year

• 3 GHz Dual-core Pentium 4– ~24.6 GFLOPS– ~1.5x increase/year

[Luebke, GPGPU SIGGRAPH Course, 2005; Kilgard, Real-Time Shading SIGGRAPH course, 2006]

Page 4: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

Pipeline vs. Parallel

• Pipeline– Break task up– Overlap sub-tasks

• Parallel– Processor per data

element– Each runs full task– Many data elements

…

Page 5: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

NVIDIA GeForce 6

[Kilgaraff and Fernando, GPU Gems 2]

Page 6: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

GeForce 6

Vertex

Pixel

Triangle

Pipeline

…

Parallel

More ParallelMore Pipeline

More Parallel

Page 7: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

Old GPU graphics processing model

Texture /Buffer

Vertex

Geometry

Fragment

CPU

DisplayedPixels

Page 8: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

New GPU graphics processing model

Texture /Buffer

CPU

DisplayedPixels

VertexGeometry

Fragment

Page 9: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

NVIDIA G80

[NVIDIA 8800 Architectural Overview, NVIDIA TB-02787-001_v01, November 2006]

Page 10: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data (MIMD)

• Multiple communicating processes

Page 11: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD)

• Vector/Array computers

Page 12: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

Architecture (MIMD vs SIMD)

CTRL

ALU

ALUCTRL

ALU

ALU

CTRL

CTRL ALU

ALU

ALU

ALU

ALU

ALU

ALU

ALU

ALU ALU

MIMD(CPU-Like) SIMD (GPU-Like)

CTRL

Flexibility

HorsepowerEase of Use

Page 13: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

SIMD Branching

if( x ) // mask threads

// issue instructions

else // invert mask

// issue instructions

// unmask

Threads agree, issue if

Threads disagree, issue if AND else

Threads agree, issue else

Page 14: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

SIMD Looping

while(x) // update mask

// do stuff

They all run ‘till the last one’s done….

Useful

Useless

Page 15: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

Streaming Processors

Page 16: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

NVIDIA Fermi

[Beyond3D NVIDIA Fermi GPU and Architecture Analysis, 2010]

Page 17: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

NVIDA Fermi SM

[NVIDIA, NVIDIA’s Next Generation CUDA Compute Architecture: Fermi, 2009]

Page 18: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

Architecture: Latency

• CPU: Make one thread go very fast• Avoid the stalls

– Branch prediction– Out-of-order execution– Memory prefetch– Big caches

• GPU: Make 1000 threads go very fast• Hide the stalls

– HW thread scheduler– Swap threads to hide stalls

Page 19: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

NVIDIA Kepler

[NVIDIA, NVIDIA’s Next Generation CUDA Compute Architecture: Kepler GK110, 2012]

Page 20: Graphics Processors CMSC 411. GPU graphics processing model Texture / Buffer Texture / Buffer Vertex Geometry Fragment CPU Displayed Pixels Displayed

Kepler SMX

[NVIDIA, NVIDIA’s Next Generation CUDA Compute Architecture: Kepler GK110, 2012]


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