graphics ssss
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GRAPHICS APPLICATIONGRAPHICS APPLICATION
GRAPHICS APPLICATION
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A GRAPH CAN SPEAKA GRAPH CAN SPEAK
THOUSANDSTHOUSANDS
OF WORDSOF WORDS
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What is computer graphics ?o Graphics means pictorial representation of given
data.
o Computer graphics generally means creation,storage and manipulation of models and images
Such models come from diverse and expandingset of fields including physical, mathematical,
artistic, biological, and even conceptual
Structures.
o William Fetter coined term computer graphics in
1960 to describe new design methods he waspursuing at Boeing
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APPLICATION OF GRAPHICS
IN BUSINESS:
Campaigns Banners
Brochures Internet websites & Advertisements.
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Entertainment:
Modern games
Morphing
Animations Music videos
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Medical Science
Graphics are needed in order to better train medicalstudents and doctors alike;
Allow errors to be made on virtual rather than realpatients
Allow rare cases to be modeled and studied; Alleviate the animal rights controversy and the
shortage of cadavers problem; Permit more enjoyable and efficacious treatment for
patients (example rehab); Allow more realistic examination (board exams); Allow reduction in medical costs (less liability suits,
cheaper training - emergency response).
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Industrial Visualizing engineering concepts
- Training personnel
- Ergonomic evaluation- Simulating interaction of assemblies
- Distributed product developmentmanagement
- Simulating manufacturing processesVisualization of complicated, largedata
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Military
Training
Needed to improve
decision making by young
officers, in unusual situations;
Creates mission rehearsal
exercises.
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In Image processing:
Concerned with analysis andmanipulation of images by computers.
Improving picture quality Machine perception of visual
information,as used in robotics.
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In Computer Aided Design:
Used in designing :
Buildings
Automobiles Aircraft , spacecraft , watercraft .
Textiles
Computers.
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Display Devices In Graphics:
Video display devices
Raster-scan displays
Color CRT Monitors
Direct-view Storage Tubes
Flat-panel displays
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Input Devices In Graphics: Keyboards
Mouse
Trackball and Spaceball
Joysticks
Image scanners
Touch Panels
LightPens
Voice systems
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GRAPHICS SOFTWARE: Two general classification:
GENERALPROGRAMMING PACKAGES
SPECIAL-PURPOSE APPLICATIONS
PACKAGES
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General programming packages: Extensive set of graphics functions used in high programming
language such as C or FORTRAN.
FUNCTIONS:
Generating picture components(straightline,circles,polygon) Setting color and intensity values
Selecting views and applying transformations.
Examples:
Graphics library system on silicon graphics equipment.
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Application Graphics packages: Designed for nonprogrammers so they can generate displays
without worrying about how graphics work.
FUNCTIONS:
Allow users to communicate with the programs in their ownterms
EXAMPLES:
Artists painting programs
Various business,medical,CADsystems
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Graphics Programs
Corel
Adobe PhotoShop
Adobe Photo Deluxe
Paint Shop Pro
Windows Paint
MicrosoftImage Composer
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TYPES OF GRAPHICS:
VECTOR GRAPHICS
RASTER GRAPHICS
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VECTOR GRAPHICS RASTER GRAPHICS
Image is represented bycontinuous geometric objects:
Lines,curves,etc.
Conversion from vector to
raster is easy. Geometric transformationwithout loss of information
Generally not affected byscaling
It is generated using drawingor illustration programs.
It is typically save as .epjformat.
Ex- Paint & photoshop
image is represented as anrectangular grid of colouredsquares.
conversion of raster to
vector is difficult.Geometric transformationwith loss of information
Its affected by scaling.
They are produced by digital
images capture devices suchas digital camera.
It is typically save as TIFFformat but can be save as EPJas well.
Ex- Power Point & corelDraw
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Input devices Image formed in FB Output Devices
Basic graphics system
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Computer graphics:
1950-1960 Computer graphics goes back to the
earliest days of computing
Strip charts Pen plotters
Simple displays using A/D converters to
go from computer to calligraphic CRT Computers slow, expensive, unreliable
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Computer graphics:
1960 -1970 Wire frame graphics
- draw only lines.
Display processor
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Computer graphics:
1970-1990 Raster graphics;Image produced as an array (the raster) of picture
elements (pixels) in the frame buffer.
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Computer Graphics
2000 and Onwards: Photorealism comes to computer graphics.
Graphics cards for PCs dominate market:
Nvidia, ATI, 3DLabs
Game boxes and game players determine
direction of market.
Computer graphics routine in movie industry:
Maya, Lightwave
Programmable pipelines.
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Enabling Modern Computer Graphics
Hardware revolution:-Moores Law: every 12-18 months, computer power improves by
factor of 2 in price / performance as feature size shrinks.
Significant advances in commodity graphics chips every 6months, outrunning CPU chip advance
CPU: Intel Itanium 2 dual core has 1.7 billion transistors total
GPU: Radeon HD 5850 dual core has 1.8 billion per core
Newest processors are 64-bit, dual/quad/8 coreIntel Core 2 Quad, AMD Athlon64 X2, Mac ProTM Quad/8-Core
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GRAPHICS
By :SANJEET KUMARNEHA SAHAYSUNANDAYADAV
SHASHIRAJBEENAKUMARI