Graphics taken from Susan M. Graphics taken from Susan M. PojerPojer

Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYNY

Graphics taken from Susan M. Graphics taken from Susan M. PojerPojer

Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYNY

TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

The Union(North, Blue, Yankees)

President: General:

Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant

Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address

• “One section of the country believes slavery is right…while the other believes it is wrong…this is the only substantial dispute.”

• “In your hands, and not in mine is the momentous issue of civil war.

Advantages of the North• Larger population = more soldiers

• More factories and shipyards

• Better network of railroads

• Raise more money to spend on the war

Disadvantages of the North

• Soldiers were poorly trained and disorganized

• As a volunteer army, most felt they could return home at will to tend to business

• Congress was slow to provide money for the war

• They had the burden to attack the South

Military Strategy

• Blockade the Atlantic

• Move down the Mississippi River

• Cut the South in half and squeeze them into surrender.

The Confederates(South, Grey, Rebels)

President: General:

Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee

Jefferson Davis Inaugural Address

• The secession of the Southern states is similar to the colonists revolution against the British and justifies the “need” to secede.

Advantages of the South• Military tradition in the south provided many skilled

officers• Only had to defend themselves until the North got tired of

fighting• Large areas of land for the North to defeat and occupy

Disadvantages of the South• Slow to get supplies, they had to make their own since

there were no factories• No railroad system to transport supplies and troops• Small population due to large plantations and agrarian

(farming) society

The Confederate’s Military Strategies

1. Defend northern attacks.

2. Wear down the north and they will grow tired of fighting and the war will end.

Battles & Events of the Civil War

(2nd Worksheet)

April 12, 1861Fort Sumter is on an island in the Charleston Harbor of South Carolina. It is a federal fort on Confederate soil. President Lincoln informs President Davis he is sending a shipment of supplies with no arms included. Davis believes otherwise and Confederate Rebel forces fire upon the fort. The next day the Union surrenders the fort, the Confederates are victorious and the Civil War begins.

July 16, 1861Battle of Bull Run fought near the city of Manassas, Virginia. It was the first major land battle of the Civil War. President Lincoln sends the Union troops to attack the Confederate forces who had a strong position set up at Bull Run just northeast of Manassas. The goal being to defeat the bulk of the Confederate army, march on to the southern capital city and end the war. Communication failures among Union officers and reinforcements arriving for the Confederates led to a Confederate victory.

September 17, 1862Battle of Antietam was the first battle of the Civil War to take place on Northern soil in Sharpsburg, Maryland. 3 major assaults by the Union driving the Confederates over the stone bridge at Antietam Creek. Help arrives for the Confederates. The battle ends with a Union victory when Lee retreats to Virginia. It is the bloodiest one-day battle in American History with 23,000 casualties. Battle builds Union confidence and leads Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

January 1863President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation is officially signed. The Proclamation (or order) freed only slaves in Confederate states that fought against the Union. It did not free slaves in the border states that were loyal to the Union. Changed the nature of the war from that of preserving the Union to freeing the slaves.

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

May – June1863

Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi. General Grant sends troops in to surround the Confederate troops and lay siege to the city. After 47 days under siege conditions, General Pemberton surrenders the Confederate troops in Vicksburg. The Union is able to gain control of the Mississippi River and effectively dividing the South in half and cutting the bulk of the South off from the food and supply lines coming from Louisiana, Texas and Arkansas.

CompletiCompletiononofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Strategy:Strategy:

““AnacondAnaconda”a”

PlanPlan

CompletiCompletiononofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Strategy:Strategy:

““AnacondAnaconda”a”

PlanPlan

July 1863

Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Lee heads north to Pennsylvania to lead the fighting away from battle torn Virginia and to try a second time to invade the North. Lee’s forces are repelled by the Union. The South is no longer capable of an offensive move into the north. The fate of the South is sealed.

Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties

Gettysburg

Address

Ceremony to dedicate a national cemetery honoring those who died there.

Lincoln’s speech was 2 minutes and consisted of 10 sentences

Considered one of the world’s great statements on democracy and the purpose in dying –and living- for it.

Lincoln wins re-election in 1864

April 1865Appomattox, Virginia. General Lee makes one last attempt to escape the closing Union forces and reach his supplies at Lynchburg. At dawn the Confederates advance, initially gaining ground against the Union cavalry. The arrival of Union infantry, however, stopped the advance in its tracks. Lee’s army was now surrounded on three sides.

April 9, 1865 General Lee surrenders the Confederate forces to General Grant of the Union at Appomattox Court House, VA.

"There is nothing left me to do but to go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths."

General Robert E. Lee

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Civil War Casualties inCivil War Casualties inComparison to Other Comparison to Other

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Civil War Casualties inCivil War Casualties inComparison to Other Comparison to Other

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