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Gravity • Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth.

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Page 1: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth.

Page 2: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• But…it goes beyond just that…….

Page 3: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Newton’s greatest discovery!

• The Law of Universal Gravitation.– Every mass attracts every other mass with a

force that is proportional to the product of the two interacting masses

– Force ~ (mass1 x mass2) / distance2

– Force decreases with the inverse square of distance

Page 4: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Free fall is when the only force acting on an object is gravity.

• All objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate regardless of mass

• Demos

Page 5: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Fluid friction in the air is called “Air Resistance”

• In air, an object in free fall will continue to accelerate until the force of air resistance equals the force applied due to gravity.

• The greatest velocity of a free fall object in air is called “Terminal Velocity”

Page 6: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Weight is the measure of the force of gravity on an object.

• Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in that object

Page 7: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Weight is expressed with the equation:

• Newtons(N) = mass x acceleration due to gravity.

• 1N = 1Kg x 1 m/sec2

• 9.8N = 1Kg x 9.8m/sec2

Page 8: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Example:– A 100Kg person weighs……..– (N) = mass x acceleration due to gravity– 100kg x 9.8m/s2

– So…….a 100Kg person weighs 980N on the Earth’s surface

Page 9: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Potential Energy is the energy an object has because of it’s position in a force field, such as a gravitational field.

Page 10: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)= Weight x Height

• GPE is expressed as Newton Meters Nm.

Page 11: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• Since we know that weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity.

• Logically……..

• GPE = mgh (mass x Acceleration due to gravity x height)

• Demo..penny shot

Page 12: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Gravity

• As an object falls, it’s GPE turns into……

• Kinetic Energy, the Energy of motion

• Kinetic Energy(KE) = 1/2 mass x velocity2

• KE = 1/2mv2

Page 13: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Not really Gravity….Oh well!

• Momentum is the product of a objects mass and its velocity.

• Momentum = Mass x velocity

Page 14: Gravity Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth

Not really Gravity….Oh well!

• Conservation of Momentum– The total momentum of any group of objects

remains the same unless outside forces act on the objects.


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