gre barron word list

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8/18/2019 GRE Barron Word List http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/gre-barron-word-list 1/75 MC LC  A ............................................................................................................... 2 B ............................................................................................................... 8 C ............................................................................................................. 10 D ............................................................................................................. 17 E ............................................................................................................. 23 F ............................................................................................................. 27 G............................................................................................................. 30 H ............................................................................................................. 32  I .............................................................................................................. 34 J.............................................................................................................. 39 K ............................................................................................................. 40 L ............................................................................................................. 40 M ............................................................................................................ 42 N ............................................................................................................. 46 O............................................................................................................. 47 P ............................................................................................................. 48 Q............................................................................................................. 56 R ............................................................................................................. 56 S ............................................................................................................. 61 T ............................................................................................................. 68 U ............................................................................................................. 70 V ............................................................................................................. 72 W ............................................................................................................ 74 X ............................................................................................................. 75 Y ............................................................................................................. 75 Z ............................................................................................................. 75 

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Page 1: GRE Barron Word List

8/18/2019 GRE Barron Word List

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/gre-barron-word-list 1/75

MỤC LỤC

 A ...............................................................................................................2 

B...............................................................................................................8 

C.............................................................................................................10 

D.............................................................................................................17 

E.............................................................................................................23 

F .............................................................................................................27 

G.............................................................................................................30 

H.............................................................................................................32 

I ..............................................................................................................34 

J..............................................................................................................39 

K.............................................................................................................40 

L .............................................................................................................40 

M ............................................................................................................42 

N.............................................................................................................46 

O.............................................................................................................47 

P.............................................................................................................48 

Q.............................................................................................................56 

R.............................................................................................................56 

S.............................................................................................................61 

T .............................................................................................................68 

U.............................................................................................................70 

V.............................................................................................................72 

W............................................................................................................74 

X.............................................................................................................75 

Y.............................................................................................................75 

Z .............................................................................................................75 

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 Aabase lower; degrade; humiliate; make humble; make (oneself) lose self-respect làm mất thể diệnabash (v) to make ashamed; to embarrass làm bối r ối, làm luống cuốngabate subside or moderate làm dịu đi, làm giảm bớtabbreviate shorten tóm tắt; rút gọnabdicate renounce, give up từ bỏ; thoái vị aberrant abnormal or deviant, not typical; N. aberration khác thường, lệch lạc; lầm lạcabeyance suspended action đọng lại; đình chỉ  abhor (v) to hate very, very much; to detest ghê tởm, ghét cay ghét đắngabject (of a condition) wretched; as low as possible; lacking pride; very humble;

showing lack of self-respect; Ex. abject apologykhốn khổ, khốn nạn; hèn hạ, thấpkém

abjure renounce upon oath; N. abjuration từ bỏ; rút luiablution washing r ửa tội; r ửa ráy, tắm gộiabnegate (v) to deny oneself things; to reject; to renounce từ chối, từ bỏ abolish cancel; put an end to thủ tiêu; bãi bỏ abominate (v) to loathe; to hate, to detest ghét cay ghét đắng; ko ưaaboriginal being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native; indigenous; N. aborigine thổ dân; nguyên thuỷ, thô sơ abortive unsuccessful; fruitless thất bại, vô íchabridge (v) to shorten; to condense rút ngắn, cô gọn; hạn chế abrogate abolish bãi bỏ, thủ tiêu, bài tr ừ abscission cutting off; separation (y học) sự cắt bỏ abscond depart secretly and hide bỏ tr ốnabsolute complete; totally unlimited; having complete power; certain; not relative; Ex.

absolute honesty/ruler; Cf. absolutism

tuyệt đối; hoàn toàn; chuyên chế;

nguyên chấtabsolve (v) to forgive or free from blame; to free from sin; to free from an obligation xoá tội; miễn trách, tha phạtabstemious sparing in eating and drinking; temperate điều độ; đạm bạcabstinent (adj) voluntarily not doing something; restrain from pleasant things, esp.

eating or drinking; V. abstain; N. abstinence; Cf. abstention: act ofabstaining from vote

ăn uống điều độ; kiêng khem

abstract (adj) theoretical, impersonal lí thuyết; tr ừu tượngabstruse (adj) hard to understand thâm thuý, sâu sắcabusive coarsely insulting; physically harmful sỉ  nhụcabut border upon; adjoin giáp; tiếp giápabysmal (adj) extremely hopeless or wretched; bottomless không đáy, hết hy vọngabyss (=abysm) enormous chasm; vast bottomless pit vực sâu, vực thẳm; địa ngụcacademic related to a school; not practical or directly useful (thuộc) học viện, viện hàn lâm; có

tính chất học thuật

accede agree đồng ý, thừa nhậnaccelerate move faster thúc giục; tăng tốcaccessible easy to approach; obtainable có thể tới được; sử dụng đượcaccessory additional object; useful but not essential thing đồ phụ tùng; kẻ tòng phạmacclimate adjust to climate or environment; adapt thích nghi với môi tr ườngacclivity sharp upslope of a hill; Op. declivity dốc ngượcaccolade award of merit; strong praise and approval sự ôm hôn; sự tưởng thưởngaccommodate oblige or help someone; adjust or bring into harmony; adapt; make enough

space for; Adj. accommodative; Cf. accommodating: helpful and obliginggiúp đỡ; thích nghi

accomplice partner in crime kẻ tòng phạm, kẻ đồng loãaccord agreement hiệp địnhaccost (v) to approach and speak to someone bắt chuyệnaccoutre equip; N. accoutrement trang bị, mặcaccretion growth or increase in size by gradual addition; growth; increase; increase by

natural growth; Ex. towers and other accretions of the castle; V. accrete

lớn dần, phát triển dần; bồi thêm;

tăng thêmaccrue come to one as a gain; accumulate over time; come about by addition; Ex.

benefits that accrue from scientific research; Ex. interest accruing in a bankaccount; N. accrual

đổ dồn về; sinh ra; tích luỹ; do...mà ra

acerbity bitterness of speech and temper; Adj. acerbic: bitter; acrid (in taste, manner,or tone)

vị chát; tính chua chát, gay gắt

acetic vinegary (thuộc) axetic; giấmacidulous slightly sour (in taste or manner); sharp; caustic chua, chua cayacknowledge recognize; admit thừa nhận, công nhậnacme peak; pinnacle; highest point tột đỉ nh, đỉ nh cao nhấtacoustics science of sound; quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in âm họcacquiesce (v) to accept; to assent; to agree; đồng ý ngầm, chấp nhậnacquittal deliverance from a charge; V. acquit: free from a charge or accusation;

discharge from a duty; conduct (oneself) in a specified mannersự trang tr ải xong nợ nần, sự thatội, sự tuyên bố tr ắng án

acrid bitter (to the taste or smell); sharp; bitterly pungent hăng, cay sè; chua cayacrimonious stinging; caustic; bitter in words or manner; N. acrimony: bitter ill-natured

animosity in speech or behaviorchua cay, gay gắt (lời nói)

acrophobia fear of heights chứng sợ nơi caoactuary someone who advises insurance companies; Adj. actuarial: calculating,

pertaining to insurance statisticschuyên viên thống kê bảo hiểm

actuate motivate; activate; cause to act thúc đẩy, kích thích; phát động

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acuity sharpness (of mind or senses of sight or hearing) tính sắc nhọn; sắc sảo; độ kịch liệtacumen mental keenness; sharpness of judgment; ability to judge quickly and well;

Ex. business acumensự nhạy bén, nhạy cảm; sự thính

acute (adj) quickly perceptive; keen; brief and severe sắc bén, sắc sảo; nhạy, thínhadage wise saying; proverb cách ngôn; ngạn ngữ adamant (adj) stubborn; completely inflexible cương quyết, cứng r ắnadapt make or become suitable for a specific use; alter; modify; adjust; N.

adaptation: act of adapting; composition recast into a new form; Ex. Theplay is an adaptation of a short novel.

thích nghi, thích ứng; phỏng theo,dựa theo

addendum addition; appendix to book; something that is added (as at the end of aspeech or book)

phụ lục; vật thêm vào

addiction compulsive habitual need nghiện, đam mêaddle make or become confused; muddle; drive crazy; become rotten (egg) lẫn; quẫn trí; thối hỏng, ungaddress (v) to speak to; diễn thuyếtadept expert at; very skilled tài giỏi, tinh thông, lão luyệnadhere stick fast; be a devoted follower; N. adhesion: adhering; devotion; loyalty dính chặt vào; trung thành, gắn bóadherent (n) follower; supporter; believer người trung thành; người ủng hộ adjacent adjoining; neighboring; close by gần kề; sát ngayadjuration solemn urging; V. adjure: entreat earnestly; enjoin solemnly tuyên thệ; khẩn nàiadjutant staff officer assisting the commander; assistant người/s ĩ  quan phụ táadmonish warn or speak to with gentle disapproval; reprove khiển trách; cảnh cáoadorn decorate trang trí, tô điểm, trang hoàngadroit (adj) skillful; clever; social at ease; khéo léoadulation (n) excessive admiration; v. adulate nịnh hót

adulterate (v) to contaminate; to make impure; Adj. Adulterant; N. adulteration pha tr ộn; làm giả mạoadvent arrival sự đến, sự tớiadventitious accidental; casual; happening by chance ngẫu nhiên, tình cờ; bất địnhadversary opponent; enemy đối thủ; kẻ thùadverse unfavorable; hostile; N. adverseness bất lợi; thù địchadversity great hardship or affliction; misfortune; calamitous event bất hạnh; vận đen; nghịch cảnh; tai

ươngadvert (v) to refer (to) nhắc đếnadvocacy support; active pleading on behalf of someone or something biện hộ, bào chữa; ủng hộ tích cựcaegis shield; protection; defense bảo hộ, che chở aerie (=aery, eyrie, eyry) nest of a large bird of prey tổ chim trên cao (chim săn mồi)aesthetic artistic; dealing with or capable of appreciating the beautiful (of a person or

building); Cf. aesthete; Cf. aesthetics(thuộc) thẩm m ĩ , m ĩ  học

affable (adj) easy to talk to; friendly; N. affability ân cần, niềm nở 

affectation (n) unnatural or artificial behavior, usually intend to impress thiếu tự nhiên, điệu bộ; giả vờ affected artificial; pretended cố ý; giả tạo, ko tự nhiênaffidavit written statement made under oath (for use as proof in a court of law) bản khai có tuyên thệ affiliation joining; associating with sự sáp nhập hoặc bị sáp nhậpaffinity feeling of kinship; similarity; Ex. strong affinity for her; Ex. many affinities

between two languagessự tương đồng về quan hệ, cấutrúc; quan hệ thân thuộc

affirmation positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to takean oath; V. affirm; Adj. affirmative; Cf. affirmative action: positivediscrimination

sự khẳng định

affliction state of distress; trial; cause of distress or suffering; V. afflict: inflict grievoussuffering on

nỗi đau, nỗi ưu tư 

affluent (adj) rich; prosperous; abundant; wealthy; N. affluence giàu có, sung túc, dồi dàoaffront insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect; V: insult or hurt the feelings of

intentionallylăng nhục, sỉ  nhục

agape openmouthed há hốc mồm (kinh ngạc)agenda items of business at a meeting lịch, chương trình nghị sự agglomeration collection; heap; V. agglomerate: gather into a rounded mass; N.

agglomerate: jumbled mass; heaptích tụ, chất đống; kết tụ 

aggrandize make greater; increase in power, wealth, rank, or honor; N. aggrandizement mở r ộng, nâng cao; tăng thêm;phóng đại

aggregate sum; total; Adj. V: gather into a mass or whole; accumulate; add up to; Ex.aggregate 100 dollars

tập hợp, kết hợp lại

aghast filled with great surprise or fear; horrified kinh ngạc, kinh hoàngagility nimbleness; ability to move quickly nhanh nhẹn, lanh lợi, lẹ làngagitate stir up; disturb lay động; khuấy động; thảo luận;agnostic one who is skeptical of the existence or knowability of a god or any ultimate

realityngười theo thuyết không thể biết(bất khả tri)

agog highly excited; intensely curious sốt ruột; chờ đợi; đang hoạt động;

xôn xaoagrarian (adj) relating to land; relating to the management of farming of land (thuộc) ruộng đất, đất tr ồng tr ọtalacrity cheerful promptness without reluctance, eagerness sự sốt sắngalchemy medieval chemistry giả kim thuậtalias an assumed name esp. by a criminal (usually to mislead people); Adv. bí danh, biệt hiệu; tức làalienate make unfriendly or hostile; estrange; separate; change the ownership of làm xa lánh; chuyển nhượngalimentary supplying nourishment đồ ăn, dinh dưỡng; cấp dưỡng

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alimony payments made regularly to an ex-spouse after divorce tiền cấp dưỡng cho vợ (sau li hôn)allay calm; pacify làm giảm, làm dịu điallege state without proof cho là, viện cớ allegiance loyalty lòng trung thànhallegory story, play, or picture in which characters are used as symbols; fable lời nói bóng, câu chuyện ngụ 

ngôn; biểu tượngalliteration repetition of beginning sound in poetry lặp lại âm đầuallocate assign; set apart for a particular purpose chỉ  định; dùng; cấp cho, phân phối;

định rõ vị tríalloy (n) a mixture as of metals hợp kim, chất hỗn hợp; tuổi (vàng,

bạc,...)

allude refer indirectly; N. allusion: indirect reference nói bóng gió, ám chỉ  allure entice; attract; tempt quyến r ũ; lôi cuốnalluvial pertaining to soil deposits left by running water phù saaloft upward; high up in the air cao, trên cao; trên cột buồmaloof apart; not open in one's relationship with other people; reserved; Adv. tách xa; xa r ời, cách biệtaltercation noisy quarrel cãi lộn; đấu khẩualtruism (n) selflessness; generosity; devotion to the interests of others; unselfish

concern for others; Adj. altruistic; m. altruist; Op. egoismchủ ngh ĩ a vị tha; lòng vị tha

amalgam combination of different things; mixture of metals (containing mercury) usedfor filling holes in teeth

(hoá) hỗn hống; hỗn hợp

amalgamate (of societies or groups) combine; unite in one body pha tr ộn, hỗn hợp; hợp nhấtamass collect (gradually, in a very large amount) chất đống, tích luỹ; cóp nhặtamazon female warrior nữ chiến binhambidextrous capable of using either hand with equal ease thuận hai tay; ăn ở hai lòngambience (n) atmosphere; mood; feeling; (adj) ambient: surrounding, circulating môi tr ường; bầu không khí xung

quanhambiguous unclear or doubtful in meaning; having more than one possible

interpretationkhó hiểu, mơ hồ 

ambivalence the state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes oropinions

mâu thuẫn trong tư tưởng

ambrosia food of the gods thức ăn của thần thánh; cao lươngm ĩ  vị 

ambulatory able to walk có thể đi lạiameliorate improve cải thiệnamenable readily managed or willing to be led; answerable or accountable legally chịu trách nhiệmamend correct; change; generally for the better cải thiện, cải tạoamenities (n) convenient features; courtesies nhã nhặn, hoà nhã; tiện nghi

amiable agreeable; lovable; warmly friendly tử tế, tốt bụngamicable peaceful; politely friendly; not quarrelsome; Ex. amicable settlement thân ái, thân tìnhamiss wrong; faulty; Ex. something amiss; Adv. sai, hỏng, xấu; ko đúng lúcamity friendship; peaceful relationship as between nations tình bạn, tình hữu nghị amnesia loss of memory chứng quênamnesty pardon (allowed by government to political criminals) ân xáamok (=amuck) in a state of rage; Ex. run amok cuồng lên (điên loạn)amoral (adj) lacking a sense of right and wrong; neither good nor bad, neither moral

nor immoral; without moral feelingvô luân, phi đạo lí

amorous moved by sexual love; loving; of sexual love; Ex. amorous advances đa tình, say đắmamorphous formless; lacking shape or definition vô định hình; ko kết tinhamphibian (adj) able to live both on land and in water; N. lưỡng cư (ở cả cạn và nước)amphitheater oval building with tiers of seats; Cf. arena giảng đường; chuồng gà (sân

khấu); đài vòng (đấu tr ường)

ample enough; abundant; spacious; large in size; Ex. ample opportunity/garden; N.amplitude: quality of being ample; abundance; largeness of space lụng thụng; nhiều, phong phú; dư dậtamplify increase in size or effect; expand; broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify;

make stronger; Ex. amplify one's remarks with a graphmở r ộng; phóng đại

amputate cut off part of body; prune (a limb) cắt cụtamulet charm; talisman; an object worn believed to protect against evil, bad luck bùa hộ mạnganachronism something or someone misplaced in time sai niên đại; lỗi thờianalgesic causing insensitivity to pain; N. giảm đauanalogy (adj) similarity; parallelism; Adj. analogous sự tương tự, sự giống nhauanarchist person who seeks to overturn the established government; advocate of

abolishing authorityngười theo chủ ngh ĩ a vô chính phủ

anarchy absence of governing body; state of disorder sự hỗn loạn, vô chính phủ anathema solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse; V. anathematize nguyền r ủa; rút phép thông côngancestry family descent; Adj. ancestral tổ tiên, dòng họ 

ancillary serving as an aid or accessory; auxiliary; N. phụ thuộc, lệ thuộcanecdote (n) a short of a humorous or revealing incident; chuyện vặt; giai thoạianemia (=anaemia) condition in which blood lacks red corpuscles; Adj. anemic bệnh thiếu máuanesthetic (=anaesthetic) substance that removes sensation with or without loss of

consciousness; N. anesthesiagây tê, gây mê

anguish (n) agonizing physical or mental pain. sự thống khổ (tinh thần hoặc thể xác)

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angular sharp-cornered; having an angle; not rounded (body); bony; lean; gaunt;stiff in manner

góc, có góc cạnh; gầy nhom; komềm mỏng; cứng đờ 

animadversion critical remark; V. animadvert: comment critically with disapproval sự khiển trách, sự chỉ  tríchanimated lively; spirited đầy sức sống; đầy sinh khíanimus (=animosity) hostile feeling or intent; hostility; disposition; resentment sự oán giận, hận thù, thù địchannals records arranged in yearly parts; history biên niên sử anneal reduce brittleness and improve toughness by heating and cooling (metal or

glass)tôi luyện, rèn luyện; tôi, nấu (kimloại)

annex attach; add to a large thing; take possession of; incorporate (territory) into alarger existing political unit (by force); N: building added to a large one

phụ vào, thêm vào; sáp nhập, thôntính

annihilate destroy tiêu diệt, tiêu huỷ 

annotate comment; make explanatory notes chú giải; chú thíchannuity yearly allowance tiền góp, tiền tr ợ cấp hàng nămannul make void bãi bỏ, thủ tiêuanodyne drug that relieves pain or trouble; opiate; Adj. Ex. anodyne statement làm dịu, an ủi; thuốc giảm đauanoint consecrate; put oil on (in a religious ceremony) xức dầu, xoa dầuanomalous abnormal; irregular; N. anomaly bất thường; bất quy tắcanonymity state of being nameless; anonymousness; Adj. anonymous sự nặc danhantagonism hostility; active opposition; V. antagonize: cause to become an enemy; N.

antagonist: person who is opposed to another; opponent; adversary;principal character in opposition to the protagonist

sự thù địch, đối lập; sự phản đối

antecede precede đứng tr ước, đến tr ướcantecedent (n) someone or something that went before; preceding events that influence

what comes later; ancestors or early background; Adj.vật đứng tr ước, đến tr ước; tiền đề;lai lịch, quá khứ, tiền sử 

antediluvian antiquated; extremely ancient cổ, cũ k ĩ  anthem song of praise or patriotism; Ex. national anthem bài hát ca ngợi, thánh caanthology book of literary selections by various authors; Cf. omnibus hợp tuyểnanthropoid manlike; resembling a human being; N. dạng người; vượn ngườianthropologist student of the history and science of humankind nhà nhân loại họcanthropomorphic having human form or characteristics phỏng nhân hìnhanticlimax letdown in thought or emotion; something unexciting, ordinary, or

disappointing coming after something important or excitinghạ xuống, giảm xuống; vật đưavào làm giảm t/d

antidote remedy to counteract a poison or disease; Ex. antidote to the economictroubles

thuốc giải độc

antipathy aversion; dislike or opposition ác cảmantiquated obsolete; old-fashioned; outdated cổ xưa, cũ k ĩ ; ko hợp thờiantiseptic substance that prevents infection in a wound; Adj. khử trùng, chất khử trùngantithesis (n) the direct opposite sự tương phản; phép đối chọi

anvil iron block used in hammering out metals cái đeapartheid a policy or practice of separating or segregating groups nạn phân biệt chủng tộcapathy lack of caring; indifference; lack of concern or interest in important matters;

Ex. He was sunk in apathy after his failure; Adj. apatheticlãnh đạm, thờ ơ, hờ hững

ape imitate or mimic (a person's behavior or manner) bắt chước, nhạiaperture opening; hole; adjustable opening in a camera that limits the amount of light lỗ hổng; kẽ hở; lỗ ống kínhapex tip; summit; climax; highest point đỉ nh, chỏm, ngọnaphasia loss of speech due to injury or illness chứng mất ngôn ngữ aphorism pithy maxim or saying; Adj. aphoristic cách ngônapiary a place where bees are kept chỗ nuôi ongaplomb poise; composure in difficult situations; assurance; self-confidence thẳng đứng; vững lòng, tự tinapocalypse (n) a prophetic revelation, especially one concerning the end of the world;

 Adj. Apocalypticsự kiện bi thảm; sách khải huyền

apocalyptic prophetic; pertaining to revelations especially of disaster; N. apocalypse khải truyền, sấm truyền

apocryphal (n) of dubious authenticity; fictitious; spurious; nguỵ tác, giả mạoapogee highest point; the point farthest from the earth; Op. perigee chỗ xa nhất; tuyệt đỉ nh; thời cựcthịnh

apolitical having an aversion or lack of concern for political affairs phi chính tr ị apologist one who writes in defense of a cause or institution; N. apologia người biện hộ apoplexy stroke; loss of consciousness caused by too much blood in the brain chứng ngập máuapothecary druggist; pharmacist người bào chế thuốcapothegm (apophthegm) pithy, compact saying cách ngônapotheosis (n) elevation to divine status; the perfect example of something. thần thánh hoá; sự hoàn m ĩ  appall dismay; shock deeply mất tinh thầnapparition ghost; phantom ma quỷ,appease pacify or soothe; Ex. appease a crying baby; N. appeasement xoa dịu; làm nhẹ appellation name; title danh hiệu, danh xưngappend attach nối vào; cột vào

application diligent attention; diligence; V. apply oneself chuyên cần, lời thỉ nh cầuapposite appropriate; fitting thích hợp, đúng lúcappraise estimate value of; N. appraisal đánh giá, định giáappreciate be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of; Adj.

appreciable: enough to be felt; Ex. appreciable differencethấy rõ, nhận thức sâu sắc; đánhgiá cao

apprehend arrest (a criminal); dread; perceive; N. apprehension tóm, bắt; cảm nhận; e sợ 

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apprehensive (adj) worried; anxious; sợ hãi, e sợ apprise inform cho biết, báo cho biếtapprobation approval tán thành; đồng ýappropriate (v) acquire; take possession of for one's own use without permission; set

aside for a particular purpose; allocate; Cf. misappropriatechiếm đoạt; dành riêng vào việc gì

appurtenances subordinate possessions; something added to a more important thing đồ phụ tùng; vật phụ thuộcapropos with reference to; regarding; Ex. remarks apropos (of) the present situation;

 Adj.về cái gì, liên quan tới, nhân

aptitude ability; fitness; talent năng lực; năng khiếu, khả năngaquiline curved; hooked; of or like an eagle; Ex. aquiline nose (thuộc) chim ưng; khoằmarable fit for growing crops; Ex. arable land tr ồng tr ọt đượcarbiter person with power to decide a matter in dispute; judge who is in a position

to make influential judgments; Ex. supreme arbiter of fashion in beachweartr ọng tài; người phân xử 

arbitrary (adj) random; capricious tuỳ tiện, tuỳ hứngarbitrate act as judge (at the request of both sides) phân xử arboretum place where different trees and shrubs are studied and exhibited vườn ươm câyarcane esoteric; secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated; Ex. arcane ritual;

Ex. arcane process closed to the uninitiated l istenerbí ẩn, bí mật; bí quyết

archaeology study of artifacts and relics of early mankind khảo cổ họcarchaic antiquated; no longer used; belonging to the past; N. cổ xưaarchetype (n) an original model or pattern nguyên mẫuarchipelago group of closely located islands quần đảoarchives public records; place where public records are kept văn thư, lưu tr ữ ardor heat; passion; zeal; Adj. ardent lửa nóng, sức nóng; nhiệt tình,

nhuệ khí; hăng hái, sôi nổiarduous hard; strenuous; Ex. arduous work khó khăn; gắng gỏiargot slang; speech spoken by only a small group of people tiếng lóng

 Aria operatic solo; a song sung by one person in an opera or oratorio (âm nhạc) Ariaarid (of land) dry; barren; unproductive khô cằn; khô khan, vô vị aristocracy hereditary nobility; privileged class; government by nobility; N. aristocrat tầng lớp quý tộc, chế độ quý tộcaristocratic (adj) of noble birth; snobbish (thuộc) quý tộc, có vẻ quý pháiarmada fleet of warships hạm độiaromatic fragrant; having a sweet smell; N. aroma: strong pleasant smell thơmarraign charge in court; indict buộc tội; thưa kiện; công kích; đặt

vấn đề nghi ngờ array marshal; draw up in order; arrange in order; clothe splendidly; adorn; N: fine

clothes; ordered group; Ex. in battle arraysắp đặt, dàn hàng; dàn tr ận; ănmặc, trang điểm;

arrears being in debt; money that should have been paid; work that should have

been done

việc đang làm dở; nợ còn khất lại;

phần cuối cùngarrhythmic lacking rhythm or regularity; N. arrhythmia ko có nhịp điệuarrogance pride; haughtiness; Adj. arrogant: unpleasantly self-important (with a strong

confidence in one's own importance and a lack of respect for other people)tính kiêu căng; vẻ ngạo mạn

arroyo gully; narrow channel formed by rainwater rãnh, mương, mángarsenal storage place for military equipment kho chứa vũ khíartful (adj) crafty; wily; sly xảo quyệt, tinh ranharticulate effective; distinct; expressing ideas clearly; having clear sounds; having

 joints; Ex. articulate speech; V: express thoughts and feeling clearly;pronounce clearly; unite by joints

ăn nói lưu loát; có bản lề (khớpnối)

artifacts (=artefact) object made by human beings, either handmade or mass-produced

vật do người làm; đồ tạo tác

artifice deception; trickery mưu mẹoartisan a manually skilled worker thợ thủ công

artless without guile; open and honest chân thành, chất phácascendancy (n) supremacy; domination uy thế, uy lựcascertain find out for certain; make certain tìm hiểu chắc chắnascetic practicing self-denial; avoiding physical pleasures and comforts; austere;

Ex. ascetic life of Buddhist monks; N. asceticismkhổ hạnh

ascribe refer; attribute; assign đổ cho, gán choaseptic preventing infection; having a cleansing effect vô trùng, vô khuẩnashen ash-colored; deadly pale tro, xám tro (màu); tái mét (mặt)asinine stupid; Ex. asinine remarks ngu xuẩn, ngu như lừaaskance with a sideways or indirect look (with disapproval or distrust); Ex. look

askance atnghiêng; nghi ngờ, ngờ vực

asperity sharpness; roughness; severity (of temper or weather); Ex. asperities of aRussian winter

khắc nghiệt, khó chịu;

aspersion slanderous remark; Ex. cast aspersions on sự nói xấu, sự phỉ  báng

aspire seek to attain (position or status); long for; Ex. aspire to become president;Ex. aspire to/after the leadership

thiết tha, mong mỏi, khao khát

assail assault tấn công; dồn dập, túi bụiassay analyze (to discover what materials are present); evaluate (soil or ore) thử, thí nghiệm, phân tíchassert state strongly or positively; demand recognition of (rights, claims, etc.);

make a claim to (by forceful action); Ex. assert one's independenceđòi quyền lợi; xác nhận, khẳngđịnh

assiduous diligent siêng năng, chuyên cần

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assimilate (v) to take in; to absorb; to learn thoroughly; Adj. Assimilated; N.assimilation

hấp thụ; đồng hoá

assuage make less severe; ease or lessen (pain); satisfy (hunger); soothe (anger) xoa dịu; làm nhẹ assumption something taken for granted; the taking over or taking possession of; Ex.

her assumption of power; V. assumegiả bộ; mang, khoác (vẻ, tính chất)

assurance firm statement that something is certainly true; promise or pledge; certainty;confidence in one's own ability; self-confidence; Ex. In spite of all hisassurances, he did not come back; Ex. assurance of his loyalty; Ex. Theteacher lacked assurance in front of his class; V. assure; tell firmly withconfidence; ensure; make (something) certain to happen; make (someone)feel sure; give confidence to; Adj. assured: self-assured; confident in one's

own ability; showing certainty

sự tin chắc, tự tin; sự quả quyết,cam đoan; sự tr ơ tráo, vô liêm sỉ ;bảo hiểm

asteroid small planet hành tinh nhỏ astigmatism eye defect which prevents proper focus; Op. stigmatism chứng loạn thị astral relating to the stars những vì sao; thuộc saoastringent binding; causing contraction (stopping bleeding); harsh or severe; stringent;

Ex. astringent criticismnghiêm khắc, khắc khổ 

astronomical enormously large or extensive vô cùng to lớnastute wise; shrewd; keen; seeing quickly something that is to one's advantage sắc sảo, tinh khônasunder into parts; apart; V. sunder cách xa nhau, r ời ra từng mảnhasylum place of refuge or shelter; protection (religious or political) nơi ẩn nấp, nơi an toànasymmetric not identical on both sides of a dividing central line không đối xứngatavism resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; reversion to an

earlier type; throwback; Adj. atavisticsự lại giống

atheistic denying the existence of God; N. atheism thuyết vô thần

atone make amends for; pay for; Ex. atone for dàn xếp, hoà giảiatrocity brutal deed; Adj. atrocious hung bạo, tàn ácatrophy wasting away; V: weaken and lose flesh and muscle (through lack of blood

or lack of use)sự teo, sự hao mòn; làm teo, làmhao mòn

attentive alert and watchful; listening carefully; paying attention; considerate;thoughtful; politely helpful; Ex. attentive audience; Ex. He was attentive tothe old lady; N. attentions: act of courtesy and consideration

chăm chú, lưu tâm, ân cần, chuđáo

attenuate make thin; weaken làm mỏng đi; làm yếu đi; làmloãng; tắt dần

attest testify; bear witness chứng nhận; bắt tuyên thệ attribute essential quality; V: ascribe; explain thuộc tính, vật tượng tr ưngattrition rubbing away by friction; gradual decrease in numbers or strength;

reduction in the work force without firing employees; wearing away ofopposition by means of harassment; Ex. a war of attrition

sự mài mòn; làm kiệt sức, làm tiêuhao

atypical not normal; not typical không đúng kiểu; không điển hìnhaudacious daring; bold; fearless; N. audacity gan, táo bạo; tr ơ tráoaugment (v) to make bigger; to add to; to increase; N. augmentation làm tăng thêm; thêm vàoaugury omen; prophecy; sign of coming events; V. augur: predict; foretell; be a sign

of (something in future)điềm, dấu hiệu; lời đoán tr ước

august impressive; majestic uy nghi, oai vệ aureole (=aureola) sun's corona; halo; bright circle of light hào quang, quầng (mặt tr ời)auroral pertaining to the aurora borealis; Cf. aurora australis bình minh, r ạng đông; cực quangauspicious (adj) favorable; pointing to a good result; có triển vọng; thuận lợiaustere forbiddingly stern; ascetic; without comfort or enjoyment; severely simple

and unornamented; Ex. a monk's austere life; Ex. austere grandeur of thecathedral; N. austerity

khổ hạnh; khắc khổ 

authenticate prove genuine chứng minh, xác thực, xác nhậnauthoritarian subordinating the individual to the state; completely dominating another's

will; Ex. authoritarian regime/fatherngười độc đoán

authoritative having the weight of authority; regarded as providing knowledge that can betrusted; reliable; peremptory and dictatorial; Ex. authoritativedictionary/manner; Cf. definitive

có căn cứ chính xác, có thể hiểuđược, có thẩm quyền; hống hách,hách dịch

autocratic (adj) ruling with absolute authority; extremely bossy; arbitrary N. autocrat; N.autocracy

chuyên quyền; độc đoán

automaton mechanism that imitates actions of humans; machine that works by itself thiết bị tự động, người máyautonomous self-governing; N. autonomy tự tr ị autopsy examination of a dead body; postmortem; V. khám nghiệm tử thi; mổ xẻ, phân

tíchauxiliary offering or providing help; additional or subsidiary; N: helper; assistant phụ, bổ tr ợ; người giúp đỡ avalanche great mass of falling snow and ice tuyết lở avarice greediness for wealth tính tham lam, tính hám lợi

avenge take vengeance for something or on behalf of someone; Ex. They avengedhis death by burning the village; Ex. He swore to avenge his brother; Ex.They avenged themselves on their enemy.

tr ả thù, báo thù

aver state confidently; declare as true xác nhận, quả quyết; chứng minhaverse reluctant; disinclined; not liking or opposed; Ex. averse to cats/doing the

house workkhông thích; chống đối

aversion firm dislike sự ác cảm

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avert prevent; avoid; turn away (eyes or thought); Ex. An accident was averted byhis quick thinking; Ex. She averted her eyes from the terrible sight.

quay đi; ngăn ngừa, đẩy lui

aviary enclosure for birds; large cage chuồng chimavocation secondary or minor occupation công việc phụ, lặt vặt; chí hướng,

xu hướng; giải trí, tiêu khiểnavow declare openly; N. avowal thừa nhận, thú nhậnavuncular (adj) like an uncle, especially a nice uncle. (thuộc, như) chú, bácawl pointed tool used for piercing cái dùiawry distorted; crooked; bent; Ex. Our plans have gone awry. xiên, méo, lệch; không tốtaxiom self-evident truth requiring no proof chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiênazure sky blue xanh da tr ời

Bbabble chatter idly or foolishly; make continuous sounds like water running gently

over rounded stone; N.nói lảm nhảm; bép xép; tiếng bi bô(tr ẻ em)

bacchanalian drunken chè chén say sưabadinage teasing conversation; banter; joking talk đùa cợt, đùa bỡnbaffle frustrate; perplex cản tr ở; tr ở ngạibait harass; tease; torment; Ex. badger baiting; N: food or other lure used to

catch fish or trap animalsmắc mồi; trêu chọc, quấy nhiễu;mồi, bả 

baleful evil; malignant in intent or effect; deadly; having a malign influence;portending evil; ominous; threatening; Ex. baleful look

tai hoạ; xấu; r ủi, không may

balk stop short, as if faced with an obstacle, and refuse to continue; foil; stop orget in the way of; frustrate

chướng ngại vật; cản tr ở; ngăn tr ở 

ballast heavy substance used to add stability or weight; V. supply with ballast bì, đồ dằn vật nặng dưới nướcbalm something that relieves pain; oily liquid with a pleasant smell from trees nhựa thơm, hương thơm, niềm an

ủi; tác dụng làm khỏibalmy soft and mild (of air); fragrant thơm ngát, êm dịubanal hackneyed; commonplace; trite; lacking originality; sáo r ỗng, vô vị, tầm thườngbandy discuss lightly or glibly; discuss in a frivolous manner; exchange (words)

heatedly; quarrel; Ex. bandy words withbàn tán

bane (n) poison; cause of harm; Adj. Baneful tai ương; nguyên nhân suy sụp;thuốc độc

bantering joking talk; good-naturedly ridiculing; N. V. banter sự nói đùa, giễu cợtbarb sharp projection from fishhook, arrow, or other object; openly cutting remark gai, ngạnh (lưỡi câu)bard poet thi s ĩ  barefaced shameless and noticeable; blatant; bold; unconcealed; having no covering

on the face; Ex. barefaced lietr ơ tráo

baroque highly ornate kì dị; hoa m ĩ  barrage barrier laid down by artillery fire; overwhelming profusion; large number ofquestions or statements; Ex. a barrage of criticism

sự bắn chặn, sự bắn yểm hộ; hàngrào, vật chướng ngại

barrister counselor-at-law or lawyer in the higher court of law; Cf. bar luật sư barterer trader; V. barter: trade; exchange good for other goods rather than money kẻ đổi chác, người buôn bánbask luxuriate; take pleasure in warmth tắm nắng; sưởi, hơ bastion stronghold; something seen as a source of protection; Ex. the last bastion of

male chauvinismpháo đài, thành luỹ; thành trì

bate let down; lessen the force of; moderate; restrain; Ex. with bated breath; Cf.abate

giảm bớt

bawdy indecent; obscene; about sex in a rude funny way; Cf. bawd tục t ĩ u, dâm ôbeatific giving or showing bliss; blissful ban phúc lành, làm hạnh phúcbeatitude blessedness; state of great happiness phúc lớnbedizen dress with vulgar finery ăn mặc, trang điểm loè loẹt

bedraggle wet thoroughly; Adj. bedraggled: draggled kéo lê làm bẩnbeeline direct quick route đường thẳngbefuddle confuse thoroughly làm ngớ ngẩn, làm đần độnbeget (v) to give birth to; to create; to lead to; to cause; sinh ra, gây rabeguile deceive; mislead or delude; cheat; pass time pleasantly; charm or attract;

Ex. beguiling smilelàm tiêu khiển, làm cho qua đi;đánh lừa, lừa dối

behemoth huge creature; something of monstrous size or power con vật kếch sùbeholden obligated; indebted; owing thanks; obliged or indebted from gratitude chịu ơnbehoove (=behove) be suited to; be incumbent upon; be right and necessary; Ex. It

behooves one to do.phải có nhiệm vụ 

belabor harp on; dwell on tediously; explain or go over excessively or to a ridiculousdegree; assail verbally; beat severely; attack physically

nói lải nhải, làm lố bịch

belated delayed muộn; chậmbeleaguer (v) to surround; to besiege; to harass. vây, bao vây; quấy r ối

belie contradict; give a false impression; disguise; Ex. The poor sales belied ourhigh hopes; Ex. Her smile belies her true feeling of displeasure. gây ấn tượng sai; nói ngược lại

belittle (v) to make to seem little; to put someone down xem nhẹ; coi thường; làm giảm giátr ị 

bellicose warlike hiếu chiếnbelligerent (adj) combative; quarrelsome; waging war tham chiếnbemoan lament; moan for; express sorrow or disapproval of than khóc, nhớ tiếc

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bemused (adj) confused; bewildered; N. bemusement làm sửng sốt; làm kinh ngạcbenediction blessing lễ giáng phúc; lộc tr ời, ơn tr ời; cầu

kinh tr ước bữa ănbenefactor (n) one who provides help, especially in the form of a gift or donation; người cho tiền, nhà hảo tâmbeneficent kindly; doing good hay làm phúc; từ thiệnbeneficial helpful; useful; advantageous có ích, có lợi; tốtbeneficiary person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy or will người hưởng tài sản, lợi lộcbenevolent (adj) generous; kind; doing good deeds.; N. benevolence nhân từ; từ thiện; r ộng lượngbenign (adj) gentle; not harmful; kind; mind; N. benignancy nhân từ; ôn hoàbenison blessing ban ơn, ban phúcbent determined; Ex. bent on advancing in the business; N: natural talent or

inclinationnăng khiếu, sở thích, khuynhhướng

bequeath leave to someone by means of a will; hand down in his will; N. bequest để lại (bằng chúc thư); truyền lạiberate scold strongly mắng mỏ, nhiếc mócbereavement state of being deprived of something valuable or someone beloved; state of

being bereaved or berefttình tr ạng mất đi một người thân

bereft deprived of (something valuable); lacking bị tước đi, bị mấtberserk mad with violent anger; frenzied; madly excited nổi quạu, cáu tiếtbeseech beg; plead with cầu xin, cầu khẩn, van xinbeset (v) to harass; to surround; bao vây; choán, ngáng (đường đi)besiege surround with armed forces; harass (with requests); annoy continually bao vây;besmirch soil; defile; make dirty bôi bẩn, bôi nhọ, nói xấubestial beastlike; brutal; inhuman; very cruel súc vật; cục súc, độc ác dã man;

dâm đãng, đồi truỵ 

bestow confer +on: tặng cho, ban cho; để, đặtbetoken signify; indicate; be a sign of báo hiệu, chỉ  rõbetray be unfaithful; reveal (unconsciously or unwillingly); Ex. Her trembling hands

betray her anxiety.phản bội; để lộ 

betroth become engaged to marry hứa hôn, đính hônbevy large group; Ex. a bevy of starlets bầy, đànbicameral two-chambered as a legislative body có cả thượng lẫn hạ nghị viện;

lưỡng việnbicker quarrel cãi nhau vặtbiennial every two years hai năm một lầnbifurcated divided into two branches; forked chia hai nhánh; r ẽ đôibigotry stubborn intolerance thái độ hoặc hành vi cố chấpbilious suffering from indigestion; sick from having too much bile; irritable; easily

irritatedmật, có nhiều mật; cáu gắt, bẳntính, dễ cáu

bilk swindle; cheat quỵt nợ; lừa đảobillowing swelling out in waves; surging sóng to, sóng cồn; biển; dâng lêncuồn cuộn

bivouac temporary encampment; camp without tents; V. tr ại quân đóng ngoài tr ời buổi tốibizarre fantastic; violently contrasting; noticeably odd; strikingly unconventional kì quái, kì lạ, kì dị blanch bleach; whiten; make white or pale làm bạc đi, làm tái nhợtblandishment flattery xu nịnh; tán tỉ nhblare loud or harsh roar or screech; dazzling blaze of light tiếng kèn, tiếng om sòmblasphemy (n) irreverent; on insult to something held sacred; profanity. v. blaspheme;

 Adj. blasphemouslời báng bổ 

blatant extremely (offensively) obvious; loudly offensive; Ex. blatant lie; N. blatancy rành rành, hiển nhiên; kêu la, la lối,làm om sòm

bleak cold or cheerless; frigid; unlikely to be favorable; depressing tr ống tr ải, lạnh lẽo, hoang vắng,ảm đạm, dãi gió

blighted suffering from a disease; destroyed bệnh tàn r ụi; r ệp vừng; ảnh hưởngxấu; tai hoạ; làm hạiblithe (=blithesome) gay; joyous thanh thản; vô tư bloated (unpleasantly) swollen or puffed as with water or air húp híp, béo phị; phồng lên, sưng

lênblowhard talkative boaster; braggart huênh hoang, khoác lácbludgeon club; heavy-headed weapon; V. cái dùi cui, đánh bằng dùi cuibluff pretense (of strength); deception; high cliff; Adj: rough but good-natured lừa phỉ nh; lừa gạt; có dốc đứngblunder error; stupid mistake sai lầm; làm hỏngblurt utter impulsively from nervousness or excitement thốt ra, nói buột rabluster blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily; bully; speak in a noisy or bullying

manner; Cf. breeze, gust, galetiếng ào ào của gió

bode foreshadow; portend báo tr ướcbogus counterfeit; not authentic; intentionally false; Ex. bogus interview giả mạo, không thật

bohemian unconventional (in an artistic way) không chịu tuân theo khuôn phépxã hội, tự do phóng túng

boisterous violent; rough; noisy hung dữ, dữ dội; náo nhiệtbolster support; reinforce ủng hộ, bênh vực; gối ôm, tấm lótbolt door bar; fastening pin or screw; length of fabric; large roll of cloth; V: dash

or dart off; fasten (a door), gobble downthen, chốt cửa, bu lông; chạy tr ốn,nhảy bổ 

bombardment attack (as with missiles or bombs); V. bombard bắn phá, oanh tạc

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bombastic pompous; using inflated language khoa tr ươngboon blessing; benefit; something very helpful lợi ích; yêu cầu; ơn huệ; vui vẻ,

hào hiệpboorish rude; insensitive cục mịch, quê mùabouillon clear beef (or meat) soup nước hầmbountiful generous; graciously generous; showing bounty r ộng rãi, hào phóngbourgeois middle class; selfishly materialistic; too interested in material possessions người tư sản; tr ưởng giả; cỡ 8bovine cowlike; placid and dull; slow-thinking; calm như bòbowdlerize expurgate; Cf. Thomas Bowdler lược bỏ; cắt bỏ boycott a form of protest in which individuals avoid or refuse to buy certain products

and servicestẩy chay

brackish somewhat saline vị mằn mặnbraggadocio boasting người khoe khoang khoác lácbraggart boaster; bragger người khoe khoang khoác lácbrandish wave around (a weapon); flourish khua, vung (gươm, giáo)bravado swagger; assumed air of defiance; false show of bravery làm ra vẻ bạo dạnbrawn human muscle; muscular strength; sturdiness bắp thịt; sức mạnh của bắp thịtbrazen insolent; without shame; bold; Ex. brazen lie; V: face with bold self-

assurance or with unashamed confidencetr ơ tráo; vô liêm sỉ  

breach breaking of contract or duty; fissure or gap; opening; V. lỗ thủng; mối bất hoàbreadth width; extent bề ngangbrevity conciseness; shortness of duration khúc chiết, vắn tắt; ngắn ngủibrindled tawny or grayish with streaks or spots (of animals) vện, nâu đốmbristling rising like bristles; showing irritation dựng đứng

brittle hard but easily broken; difficult; unstable; Ex. brittle situation giòn, dễ gãy, dễ vỡ broach introduce as a subject; moot; open up bắt đầu (thảo luận); khoan, khui;cái xiên

brocade rich, figured (patterned) fabric gấm thêu kim tuyếnbrochure pamphlet cuốn sách mỏng quảng cáobrooch ornamental clasp; pin trâm (gài đầu), ghim hoa (gài cổ 

áo)brook tolerate; endure; Ex. brook no interference; N: small stream chịu đựng; suốibrowbeat bully; intimidate hăm doạ browse graze; feed on growing grass; skim or glance at casually chồi non; gặm; đọc lướtbrunt main impact or shock (of an attack or blow); Ex. brunt of the argument gánh nặng chủ yếu; sức nặng

chínhbrusque blunt; abrupt; curt; not wanting to waste time being nice sống sượng, lỗ mãng, cục cằnbuccaneer pirate cướp biển; kẻ gian hùng

bucolic rustic; pastoral đồng quêbuffet strike forcefully; slap; batter; knock out; N: table with food set out for peopleto server themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that'sbeen set

đấm, đá, tát; đày đoạ, vùi dập;chống chọi; tủ bát đĩ a; quán giảikhát

buffoonery clowning trò hề bugaboo bugbear; object of baseless terror ngáo ộp, ông ba bị; vấn đề băn

khoănbullion gold and silver in the form of bars nén, thoi vàng bạcbulwark strong wall built for defense; earthwork or other strong defense; person who

defendsbức tường thành; đê chắn sóng;bảo vệ 

bungle mismanage; blunder; botch; blow; spoil by clumsy behavior làm hỏng; lộn xộn; cẩu thả buoyant able to float; cheerful and optimistic; N. buoyancy; Ex. buoyancy of

wood/water/American marketnổi lên; sôi nổi; lên giá

burgeon grow rapidly; grow forth; send out buds; Ex. burgeoning computer industry;

Cf. bludgeon

phát triển nhanh

burlesque give an imitation that ridicules; imitate mockingly chế giễu; nhại chơiburnish make shiny by rubbing; polish đánh bóngburst (n) refer type of discharge that is short and possibly explosive nổ tung, tiếng nổ; nỗ lựcbuttress support; prop up; N. stationary structure to support wall; Ex. flying buttress chống đỡ; làm vững chắcbuxom full-bosomed; plump; jolly nảy nở; đẫy đàbystander (n) spectator; someone who is watching an event or activity rather than

participating in itngười ngoài cuộc, người bàngquan

Ccabal small group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests âm mưu; phe đảngcache hiding place; V. nơi giấu, cất giữ cacophonous discordant; inharmonious; N. cacophony: unpleasant mixture of loud

sounds; Cf. euphonynghe chối tai; ko hoà hợp

cadaver corpse; dead human body; Adj. cadaverous: like a corpse, pale xác chết, tử thicadence rhythmic rise and fall (of words or sounds); beat; regular beat of sound;

rhythmnhịp, phách

cajole (v) to persuade someone to do something he or she doesn't want to do tán tỉ nh, phỉ nh phờ calamity disaster; misery tai hoạ, thiên taicalculated deliberately planned; likely suy tính; dự tínhcaldron (=cauldron) large kettle vạc (để nấu)

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caliber ability; quality; diameter of the inside of a round cylinder; Ex. work of veryhigh caliber

cỡ, đường kính; phẩm chất, nănglực

calligraphy beautiful writing; excellent penmanship thuật viết chữ đẹp, thư phápcallous hardened; unfeeling; without sympathy for the sufferings of others; unkind;

N. callousness: insensitivity; having no feelings for others or beingindifferent to the feelings or thoughts of others

thành chai (tay, chân); nhẫn tâm

callow (adj) immature; inexperienced and unsophisticated non nớt; thiếu kinh nghiệmcalorific (=caloric) heat-producing; N. calorie (thuộc) calo, nhiệtcalumny malicious misrepresentation; slander lời vu khốngcamaraderie good-fellowship; Cf. comrade tình bạn, sự thân thiếtcameo shell or jewel carved in relief; star's special appearance in a minor role in a

film

đồ trang sức đá chạm

canard unfounded false rumor; exaggerated false report tin vịtcandor (n) truthfulness; sincere honesty; Adj. candid tính thật thà, tính ngay thẳngcanine related to dogs; doglike chó; giống chó; r ăng nanhcanker any ulcerous sore; ulcer; any evil; Cf. cancer loét, thối nátcanny shrewd in money matters; thrifty thận tr ọng (tiền bạc); khôn ngoan,

từng tr ảicant insincere speech or expression of piety; jargon of thieves; special words

used by a particular group of people; slanting surface, bevel;lời giả dối, lời nói thớ lợ; tiếnglóng, biệt ngữ; xô nghiêng

cantankerous ill-humored; irritable khó tính, hay gắt gỏng; hay gây gổ cantata story set to music to be sung by a chorus (shorter than an oratorio) (âm nhạc) cantatcanter slow gallop; V. Cf. trot chạy nước kiệu nhỏ canto division of a long poem đoạn, khổ (thơ)canvass determine or seek opinions, votes, etc.; go through (a region) to solicit votes

or orders; conduct a survey; N.gợi ý thảo luận; vận động bầu cử;vận động bỏ phiếu

capacious spacious r ộng lớn, to lớncapacity mental or physical ability; role; position or duty; ability to accommodate; Ex.

in my capacity as presidentdung tích; năng lực; năng suất; tư cách; điện dung

capillary having a very fine bore; resembling a hair; fine and slender; Ex. capillaryattraction; N: very fine hairlike tube; Cf. capillarity

mao dẫn, mao mạch

capitalism (n) free enterprise; an economic system in which businesses are owned byprivate citizens.

chủ ngh ĩ a tư bản

capitulate (v) to surrender; to give up or give in đầu hàng (có điều kiện)capricious unpredictable; fickle, whimsical; N. caprice thất thường; đồng bóngcaption title; chapter heading; text under illustration đầu đề, tiêu đề, lời chú thíchcaptious faultfinding; too critical xảo trá, nguỵ biện; hay bắt lỗicarafe glass water bottle; decanter bình đựng nước

carapace shell covering the back (of a turtle, tortoise, crab, etc.) mai (cua, rùa); giáp (tôm)carat (= karat) unit of weight for precious stones; measure of the purity of gold caracarcinogenic causing cancer; N. carcinogen sinh ra ung thư cardiologist doctor specializing in ailments of the heart bác s ĩ  tim mạchcareen lurch; sway from side to side; move with irregular swinging movement;

staggernghiêng về một bên; chạy lảo đảo,chệnh choạng

caricature (n) a portrait or description that is purposely distorted or exaggerated, oftento prove some point about its subject. V.

tranh biếm hoạ; vẽ biếm hoạ 

carillon a set of bells (often in a tower) capable of being played chuông chùm; điệu nhạc chuôngcarnage destruction of life; slaughter; killing of large numbers of people or animals sự chém giết, tàn sátcarnal fleshly; sensual; concerning the desires of the body xác thịt, nhục dục; tr ần tụccarousal drunken revel; V. carouse cuộc chè chén say sưacarping petty criticism; fault-finding; fretful complaining; quibble bới móc; xoi mói, bắt bẻ, chê baicarrion rotting flesh of a dead body; Cf. vulture xác chết thối; thối tha

cartographer map-maker người chuyên vẽ bản đồ cascade small waterfall thác nướccaste one of the hereditary classes in Hindu society; social stratification; prestige đẳng cấp; địa vị xã hộicastigation (n) punishment, severe criticism; V. castigate chỉ  tríchcasualty serious or fatal accident; person killed or wounded in an accident or battle tai hoạ, tai nạn; người bị giết hoặc

bị thươngcataclysm deluge; upheaval; earthquake; violent and sudden event or change đại hồng thuỷ, động đất; biến động

lớn (chính tr ị)catalyst (=catalyzator) agent which brings about a chemical change while it remains

unaffected and unchanged; Cf. catalysischất xúc tác

catapult slingshot; hurling machine; V: fire from catapult súng cao su; máy phóng, máy bay;máy lăng đá

cataract great waterfall; eye abnormality (causing a gradual loss of eyesight) thác nước lớn; bệnh đục nhânmắt; cái hãm, máy hãm

catastrophe calamity; disaster tai ương, thảm hoạ catcall shout of disapproval or displeasure (made at the theater or a sports match);boo; V.

huýt sáo, la ó (chê, phản đối)

catechism book for religious instruction in question-and-answer form; religiousinstruction by question and answer; V. catechize

giáo lí vấn đáp; tra hỏi chất vấn

categorical (adj) unconditional; absolute vô điều kiện; tuyệt đốicategorical without exceptions; made without any doubt in mind; unqualified; absolute tuyệt đối; vô điều kiện

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catharsis (n) purification that brings emotional relief or renewal; Adj. Cathartic sự hồi hộp phấn chấncathartic purgative; medicine that causes the bowels to empty; Adj. tẩy nhẹ; thuốc tẩycatholic (adj) universal; embracing everything bao trùm, phổ quátcaucus private meeting of a group of people in a political party to select officers or

determine policy; Cf. the Caucus club of Bostoncuộc họp kín

causal implying a cause-and-effect relationship; N. causality nguyên nhân; q/hệ nhân quả caustic burning; corrosive; able to burn by chemical action; sarcastically biting; (of

remarks) intended to hurt; bitter; harmful; Op. harmlesschua cay; cay độc

cauterize burn (a wound or snakebite, etc.) with hot iron or caustic substance to stopbleeding and prevent infection

đốt (bằng sắt nung đỏ hoặc chấtăn da để diệt độc)

cavalcade procession of riders or horse-drawn carriages; parade; Cf. cavalry đoàn người cưỡi ngựa

cavalier casual and offhand; arrogant; N: knight kị s ĩ , người khéo chiều phụ nữ,người nịnh đầm; ung dung, khôngtr ịnh tr ọng, phóng túng

cavil quibble; make frivolous objections; find fault unnecessarily cãi nhau vặtcede yield (title or territory) to (esp. after losing a war); surrender formally; N.

cessiontừ bỏ, nhượng lại

celerity speed; rapidity mau lẹ; cấp tốccelibacy (n) abstinence from sex; v. celibate độc thâncelibate abstaining from sexual intercourse; unmarried; N. celibacy độc thâncensor (in ancient Rome) overseer of morals (also taking the census); person who

eliminates inappropriate matter; V.kiểm duyệt; n/v kiểm duyệt; giámthị 

censorious severely critical phê bình; chỉ  tríchcensure blame; criticize; express strong disapproval; N: severe criticism; strong

disapprovalchỉ  trích, phê bình

centaur mythical figure, half man and half horse quái vật đầu người mình ngựa,nhân mã

centigrade denoting a widely used temperature scale (basically same as Celsius) bách phâncentrifugal radiating; departing from the center ly tâmcentrifuge machine that separates substances by whirling them máy ly tâmcentripetal tending toward the center hướng tâmcenturion Roman army officer (commanding a company of about 100 soldiers) s ĩ  quan chỉ  huy 100 línhcerebral pertaining to the brain or intellect; intellectual rather than emotional; Cf.

cerebrumthuộc về não; có lí trí

cerebration thought; working of the brain sự suy ngh ĩ , h/đ của nãoceremonious marked by formality; extremely formal and polite; Cf. ceremony:

conventional social courtesychuộng nghi thức; kiểu cách,khách sáo

certitude certainty sự tin chắc, chắc chắncessation stoppage sự chấm dứtchafe warm by rubbing; make sore by rubbing; N. chà xátchaff worthless products of an endeavor; husk (outer seed cover) separated from

grain; Ex. separate the wheat from the chaff; bantering, jokingtr ấu, vỏ; r ơm r ạ băm nhỏ; đùagiỡn, bỡn cợt, chế giễu

chagrin annoyance and disappointment; vexation (caused by humiliation or injuredpride)

sự chán nản, thất vọng, tủi nhục

chalice goblet; consecrated cup cốc, lychameleon lizard that changes color in different situations không kiên định; tắc kè hoachampion support militantly; fight for; N: person who fights for or supports strongly (a

principle, movement, person, etc.)bảo vệ, bênh vực, đấu tranh cho

chaotic in utter disorder; N. chaos lộn xộn, hỗn loạn, hỗn độncharisma (n) divine gift; great popular charm or appeal; Adj. charismatic uy tín; sức thu hútcharlatan quack; pretender to knowledge (esp. in medicine) lang băm; bịp bợm

chary cautious; unwilling to take risks; sparing or restrained about giving; Op. bold thận tr ọng, cẩn thậnchase ornament a metal surface by indenting; follow rapidly to catch theo đuổi; săn bắn; xua đuổi; rãnh;phần đầu đại bác; chạm tr ổ; gắn;tiện

chasm abyss; very deep crack kẽ nứt; lỗ sâu; sự cách biệt lớn(quan điểm, quyền lợi)

chassis framework and working parts of an automobile; framework to whichcomponents are attached

khung gầm (ô tô, xe máy)

chaste morally pure; virginal; abstaining from illicit sexual acts; modest; simple (of astyle of writing); not highly decorated; austere

trong sạch; giản dị; tao nhã

chasten discipline; punish in order to correct; Cf. castigate gọt giũachastise punish as by beating; criticize severely tr ừng phạt; đánh đậpchauvinist blindly devoted patriot; zealous adherent of a group, cause, or sex; Adj.

chauvinistic; Cf. chauvinism; Nicolas Chauvinchủ ngh ĩ a sô vanh

check stop motion; curb or restrain cản tr ở, kiềm chế; kiểm soátcheckered (=chequered) marked by great changes in fortune; with many changes offortune; Cf. checked: having a pattern of squares

kẻ ô vuông, kẻ carô; chìm nổi, bađào, sóng gió

cherubic angelic; innocent-looking; N. cherub; Cf. seraph: winged angel of thehighest order

có vẻ dịu dàng; mắt tròn

chicanery trickery; deception mánh khoéchide scold; rebuke (someone who has done wrong) mắng mỏ; quở trách

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chimerical fantastically improbable; highly unrealistic; N. chimera: unreal fancy; fire-breathing female creature

hão huyền, ảo tưởng

chisel swindle or cheat; N: wedgelike tool for cutting lừa đảo; đục, chạm tr ổ; cái đụcchivalrous courteous; faithful; brave; N. chivalry ngh ĩ a hiệp; hào hiệpcholeric hot-tempered; bad-tempered; irritable; easily angered; Cf. cholera hay cáu, nóng tínhchoreography art of representing dances in written symbols; arrangement of dances nghệ thuật bố trí điệu múachortle chuckle with delight; N. cười như nắc nẻ chronic long established as a disease mãn tính, kinh niên; ăn sâuchronicle report; record (in chronological order) sử biên niên; mục tin thời sự churlish boorish; rude; N. churl: boor; yahoo hạ đẳng; thô bỉ , mất dạyciliated having minute hairs; Cf. cilium; Cf. cilia: eyelash có (lông) maocipher nonentity; worthless person or thing; zero; secret code; V. zero; vô giá tr ị; mật mãcirclet small ring; band of gold, silver, jewel, etc. (worn on the head, arms, or neck

as decoration)nhẫn; xuyến

circuitous (adj) roundabout; loanh quanh, vòng quanhcircumlocution (n) an indirect expression lời nói vòng vo, quanh cocircumscribe (v) to draw a line around; to set the limit; to define; to restrict; vẽ đường bao quanh, vẽ đường

ngoại tiếp; hạn chế, giới hạncircumspect (adj) cautions thận tr ọngcircumvent outwit; defeat by behaving more cleverly; outsmart; baffle; avoid; get around dùng mưu kế; phá vỡ kế hoạchcistern reservoir or water tank bể chứa, bình chứacitadel fortress thành quách, thành trì, thành luỹ cite quote; commend; Ex. cited for bravery in an official record dẫn, trích dẫncivil (adj) polite; civilized; courteous văn minh

clairvoyant having foresight; fortuneteller; N. clairvoyance có thể nhìn thấu tương lai hoặcnhững cái vô hình; sáng suốtclamber climb by crawling with difficulties; scramble leo, trèoclamor loud continuous noise; continuous demand or complaint made by a large

number of people; V: make a clamor; express (a demand) continually andloudly; Adj. clamorous

tiếng ồn ào, ầm ĩ , tiếng la hét phảnđối

clandestine secret giấu giếm, bí mậtclangor loud resounding noise; sound of repeated clanging tiếng vang r ền, lanh lảnhclapper striker (tongue) of a bell quả lắc (chuông); đùa cợtclarion shrill, trumpetlike sound; kind of trumpet used in former times truyền đi, vang đi; lanh lảnh; ca

tụng ầm ĩ  claustrophobia fear of being locked in nỗi sợ bị giam giữ cleave split or sever; cling to; remain faithful to; N. cleavage; Adj. cloven chẻ, bổ; r ẽ nước; chia racleft (n) split đường nứt, kẽ, khe

clemency (n) mercy; forgiveness; mildness lòng khoan dung, lòng nhân từ;tính ôn hoà (khí hậu)cliché phrase dulled in meaning by repetition; platitude; Adj. clichéd lời sáo r ỗng, câu nói r ập khuônclientele body of customers người thân; khách quenclimactic (adj) relating to the highest point; N. climax; Cf. climatic tiến dần; lên đến tột đỉ nhclime region; climate vùng, miền, xứ; khí hậuclique (n) an exclusive group bound together by some shared quality or interest bọn, phường, bè lũ cloister monastery or convent tu việncloudburst a sudden, brief rainstorm mưa rào đột ngộtclout great influence (especially political or social); hard blow with fist ảnh hưởng lớn; tát mạnh, đấm

mạnhcloying distasteful (because excessive); excessively sweet or sentimental; V. cloy:

become unpleasant through too much sweetness or excessngọt ngào đến phát chán

coagulate congeal; thicken; clot; N. coagulant làm đông

coalesce combine; fuse; N. coalescence hợp nhất; kết hợp; liềncoalition partnership; league; union of separate political parties sự liên kết, liên minhcoda concluding section of a musical or literary composition đoạn cuối (bản nhạc, bài văn)coddle treat gently; indulge excessively; pamper; mollycoddle; baby; cook in water

 just below boiling point; Ex. coddled eggsnâng niu, chiều chuộng

codicil supplement to the body of a will; later addition to a will khoản bổ sung vào tờ di chúccodify arrange (laws or rules) as a code; classify; N. code: system of words used

instead of ordinary writing; collection of laws, rules, established socialcustoms

soạn thành luật lệ; hệ thống hoá

coercion use of force to get someone to object; compelling; V. coerce sự ép buộc; sự áp bứccoeval (adj) living at the same time as; existing during the same period of time;

contemporary; of the same agecùng thời, cùng tuổi

cog tooth projecting from a wheel r ăng, vấu; lắp r ăng (bánh xe)cogent convincing bằng chứng thuyết phục

cogitate think over; ponder ngẫm ngh ĩ ; suy ngh ĩ  cẩn thậncognate having a common origin; related linguistically; allied by blood; similar or akin

in nature; Ex. cognate languages; N.cùng gốc, cùng họ hàng; cùng bảnchất; bà con họ hàng

cognitive having to do with knowing or perceiving related to the mental processes; N.cognition: the mental process of knowing

liên quan đến nhận thức; dựa trênkinh nghiệm

cognizance knowledge; Adj. cognizant; having knowledge; aware hiểu biết, nhận thứccohabit live together ăn ở với nhau (vợ chồng)

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cohere stick together dán vào nhau; kết lại, cố kếtcohesion tendency to keep together sự cố kết, lực cố kếtcohorts group of people who share some common quality; armed band; a group of

between 300 and 600 soldiers under one commander (in the ancient Rome)đội quân; bọn người tụ tập

coiffure hairstyle kiểu tóccoin make coins; invent or fabricate (a word or phrase); N. coinage: word or

phrase recently inventedđúc tiền; tạo ra, đặt ra

coincidence the chance occurrence, at the same time, of two or more seeminglyconnected events; V. coincide: happen at the same time; be in agreement;Cf. coincident; Cf. coincidental

trùng khớp; ngẫu nhiên

colander (=cullender) utensil with perforated bottom used for straining cái chao (dụng cụ nhà bếp)

collaborate work together; cooperate treasonably with the enemy cộng táccollage work of art put together from fragments nghệ thuật cắt dáncollate examine and compare in order to verify authenticity; arrange in order (the

sheets of a book before they are bound)đối chiếu, so sánh; kiểm tra thứ tự 

collateral security given for loan; Adj: secondary; descended from the same personbut through different sons or daughters

ở bên; phụ thêm; cùng họ khácchi; đồ kí quỹ 

collation a light meal; collating bữa ăn nhẹ; sự đối chiếucolloquial pertaining to conversational or common speech; informal; N. colloquialism:

colloquial expressionthông tục

colloquy informal discussion; conversation cuộc nói chuyện, hội đàmcollusion conspiring in a fraudulent scheme to cheat or deceive others; V. collude sự câu kết, thông đồngcolossal huge khổng lồ, to lớncolossus gigantic statue; person or thing of great size or importance tượng khổng lồ comatose in a coma; extremely sleepy hôn mê; thờ thẫn, lờ đờ, uể oảicombustible easily burned; N. Cf. combustion dễ cháy; bồng bột; chất đốtcomely attractive; agreeable; having a pleasing appearance đẹp, duyên dáng, dễ thươngcomestible something fit to be eaten đồ ăn, thức ăncomeuppance deserts; well-deserved punishment or misfortune; rebuke tr ừng phạt; đày ải; quở tráchcomity courtesy; civility; Ex. comity of nations lịch thiệp; lịch sự; nhã nhặncommandeer take (private property) for military use without needing permission or giving

payment; draft for military purposestr ưng dụng cho quân đội

commemorative remembering; honoring the memory of; Ex. commemorative stamp để kỉ  niệmcommensurate equal in extent; of the same size xứng với, cùng diện tích vớicommiserate feel or express pity or sympathy for thương hại, ái ngại (cho ai)commodious spacious and comfortable r ộng rãi, thênh thangcommunal held in common; public; of a group of people; of a commune chung, công cộngcompanionship (n) fellowship; friendliness; camaraderie tình bạn bè

compatible harmonious; in harmony with; able to exist together hợp nhau, phù hợpcompelling overpowering; irresistible in effect; holding one's attention; that compels oneto do something; Ex. a compelling adventure story; V. compel

hấp dẫn; thuyết phục

compendium brief, comprehensive summary; Adj. compendious tóm tắtcompensatory making up for; repaying đền bù; bồi thườngcompilation listing of information in tabular or book form; compiling biên soạn, sưu tậpcomplacency self-satisfaction; smugness; Adj. complacent tự mãncomplaisant trying to please; obliging; willing to please others dễ dãi; chiều ýcomplement complete; consummate; make perfect; Adj. complementary; N. bù, bổ sung cho đầy đủ compliance conformity in fulfilling requirements; readiness to yield; disposition to yield to

others; V. comply; Adj. compliantsự bằng lòng, ưng thuận, chiều ý;sự phục tùng, khúm núm

complicity participation; involvement (in a questionable act or a crime) tội a tòng, tội đồng loãcomponent element; ingredient phần hợp thành; thành phầncomport bear one's self; behave; Ex. comport oneself; N. comportment xử sự 

composition decay; V. decompose: decay; break and separate into simple parts hợp thành, cấu thànhcomposure mental calmness sự bình t ĩ nh, điềm t ĩ nhcompound combine; produce by combining; increase; make worse by adding to or

increasing; exacerbate; Ex. compound an error; Adj: consisting of two ormore parts; N: combination of two or more parts; area enclosed by a wallcontaining a group of buildings; Ex. factory compound; Cf. complex

hợp chất; phức hợp; pha tr ộn

comprehensive broad; including a lot or everything; thorough; inclusive bao hàm, toàn diện; sáng ýcompress force into less space; squeeze; contract; put into fewer words; N: thick mass

of cloth pressed to part of the body to stop bleeding or swelling, reducefever, etc.

ép, nén, đè; làm cô đọng lại

comprise include; consist of gồm có, bao gồmcompunction remorse; strong uneasiness caused by guilt sự ăn năn, hối hậncompute reckon; calculate tính toán, ước tínhconcatenate link as in a chain móc vào nhau; ràng buộc

concave hollow; curved inwards; Op. convex lõm; hình lòng chảoconcede admit; acknowledge as being true (often reluctantly); yield; grant; Ex.

concede a goalthừa nhận; nhận thua

conceit vanity or self-love; too high opinion of one's own value; extravagantmetaphor (in poetry)

tính kiêu ngạo, tự phụ; (văn học)hình tượng kì lạ 

concentric having a common center đồng tâmconcerted mutually agreed on; done together by agreement; Ex. concerted effort; Cf. có dự tính; soạn cho hoà nhạc

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in concert: working togetherconcession an act of yielding; conceding; something conceded; point, right, etc. given

unwillingly; privilege of maintaining a business in a certain place; Ex. oilconcessions in the North sea; Cf. concessionaire

nhượng bộ; điều kiện nhânnhượng

conciliatory reconciling; soothing; V. conciliate: reconcile; soothe; win the friendlyfeelings (by removing anger)

có ý định hoặc có thể hoà giải

concise brief and compact ngắn gọn, súc tíchconclave private secret meeting buổi họp kínconclusive decisive; ending all debate cuối cùng, kết thúc; quyết địnhconcoct prepare by mixing or combining; make up in concert; devise (something

false) so as to deceive; Ex. concoct an elaborate excuse for being late; N.

concoction

pha chế; bịa đặt, dựng chuyện

concomitant that which accompanies; Ex. Deafness is a frequent concomitant of old age; Adj: existing or happening together with something else

đi kèm với, đồng thời

concord harmony; accord hoà thuận; hoà ướcconcur (v) agree; coincide; happen at the same time; Adj. concurrent đồng tình; xảy ra trùng hợpcondescend (derog.) bestow courtesies with a superior air; descend to the level of one

considered inferiorhạ cố, chiếu cố 

condign adequate; (of punishment) severe and well deserved đích đáng, đáng kiếpcondiments seasonings; spices đồ gia vị condole express condolences; N. condolence: sympathy for someone who has

experienced great sorrowchia buồn

condone overlook; forgive; give tacit approval; excuse bỏ qua, tha thứ conducive helpful; contributive; V. conduce; Ex. conduce to/towards có ích; đưa đến, dẫn đếnconduit aqueduct; passageway for fluids ống dẫn (nước, dầu); cáp điệnconfess (v) to admit or reveal something thú tội, xưng tộiconfessor (n) a spiritual advisor giáo s ĩ  nghe xưng tộiconfidant trusted friend (to whom one tells one's secret); confidante bạn tâm tìnhconfine shut in an enclosed space; restrict; keep within limits; N. confinement hạn chế; giam giữ, giam hãmconfiscate seize; take possession of (private property) by official order (usu. as a

punishment); commandeertịch thu, sung công

conflagration great fire cháy lớn; tai hoạ confluence flowing together; the place where two rivers flow together; crowd; gathering

togetherđàn đúm, tụ họp; ngã ba sông (chỗ hợp dòng)

conformity harmony; agreement with established rules or customs; similarity; Ex.behave in conformity with; V. conform: be similar; act in agreement; comply;Ex. conform to the rule; Cf. conformance

thích hợp, phù hợp; tuân theo, ytheo

confound confuse; puzzle làm bối r ối, khó xử congeal freeze; coagulate làm đông lại; đóng băngcongenial pleasant; friendly; in agreement with one's tastes and nature; Ex. congenial

weatherhợp nhau, cùng tính tình; thíchhợp, phù hợp

congenital existing at birth bẩm sinhconglomeration mass of material sticking together khối kết; kết hợpcongruent (=congruous) in agreement; harmonious; corresponding; coinciding exactly;

N. congruence (=congruity)thích hợp, phù hợp; đồng dư, đồngdạng

conifer pine tree (usu. evergreen); cone-bearing tree; Adj. coniferous; Cf.deciduous; Cf. evergreen

cây có quả hình nón

conjugal pertaining to marriage vợ chồngconjure cause to appear by magic; summon (a devil or a spirit) by magical power;

practice magic (esp. by very quick movement of the hands); evoke; conjureup: bring into the mind; Ex. The magician conjured a rabbit out of his hat.

làm trò ảo thuật, gọi hồn; làm hiệnra đột ngột

connivance pretense of ignorance of something wrong; assistance; permission tooffend; V. connive: feign ignorance (of a wrong); cooperate secretly in anillegal action; conspire

thông đồng, đồng loã; lờ đi, nhắmmắt làm ngơ 

connoisseur person competent to act as a judge of art, etc. (whose judgments arerespected); a lover of an art

người am hiểu, người thành thạo

connotation suggested or implied meaning of an expression; V. connote ngh ĩ a r ộng của 1 từ connubial pertaining to marriage or the matrimonial state thuộc hôn nhânconsanguinity kinship; relationship by birth tình máu mủ conscientious scrupulous; through and careful; Ex. conscientious worker tận tâm; chu đáoconscript draftee; person forced into military service; V. lính ngh ĩ a vụ consecrate dedicate; sanctify; declare as sacred; Ex. consecrate one's life to helping

the poorhiến dâng; phong thánh

consensus general agreement; opinion reached by a group đồng lòng, đồng tâmconsequential self-important; significant; consequent; following as a result; Ex.

consequential air; Cf. subsequentdo hậu quả, do kết quả; tự mãn, tự đắc

conservatory (=conservatoire) school of the fine arts (especially music or drama); glass-enclosed area; Cf. conservancy nhạc viện

consign send to a person or place for sale; deliver officially; entrust; put into the careof another; set apart (for a special purpose); N. consignment; Cf. consignor,consignee

gửi; uỷ thác, giao phó

consistency absence of contradictions; uniformity; degree of thickness or firmness; Ex.consistency of thick cream; Cf. viscous

tính kiên định; độ đặc

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console lessen sadness or disappointment; give comfort; allay the sorrow of; N.consolation

an ủi, giải khuây

consolidation unification; process of becoming firmer or stronger; V. consolidate: merge;strengthen

hợp nhất; củng cố 

consonance harmony; agreement sự phù hợp, hoà hợp, thông cảmconsort associate with; keep company; N: husband or wife (or a ruler) chồng, vợ (của vua chúa), giao

thiệpconspiracy treacherous plot; secret plan against the law (by two or more people) âm mưuconstituent supporter; voter; member of a constituency; component phần tử, cử tri; người uỷ thácconstraint restraint; compulsion; repression of feelings; reticence; V. constrain: hold

back; restrain; compel; oblige; confine forcibly; imprisonsự ràng buộc, cưỡng ép; sự đènén, kiềm chế 

construe explain; interpret; Ex. construe her silence as meaning that she agreed; Cf.misconstrue

hiểu, giải thích

consummate complete; V. tài giỏi, tột bực, tuyệt vờicontagion infection (by contact); Adj. contagious; Cf. infectious: that can be passed by

infection in the airsự lây bệnh (qua tiếp xúc); bệnhlây

contaminate pollute làm bẩn, làm ô uế; làm hư hỏngcontempt scorn; disdain; Adj. contemptuous; Cf. contemptible sự coi thường, khinh bỉ  contention assertion; claim; statement; thesis; struggling; competition; V. contend sự tranh cãi, bất đồng; sự đấu

tranh, ganh đua; lí lẽ, luận điểmcontentious quarrelsome; controversial; likely to cause arguments hay cãi nhau; hay gây gổ contest dispute; argue about the rightness of; compete for; try to win; Ex. contest

the election results; Ex. contest a seat in Parliament; N.cuộc tranh luận, cuộc thi; tranhgiành, tranh cử 

context writings preceding and following the passage quoted; circumstance in whichan event occurs

ngữ cảnh; khung cảnh; phạm vi

contiguous adjacent to; touching upon kế nhau, giáp nhaucontinence self-restraint; sexual chastity; sexual abstinence; voluntary control over

bladder and bowel functions; Adj. continenttiết dục; trinh bạch, trinh tiết

contingent dependent on something uncertain or in the future; conditional; happeningby chance; accidental; N: a group of soldiers, ships to a larger force; Cf.contingency: future event that may or may not occur; possibility; Ex. preparefor every contingency

ngẫu nhiên, tình cờ; còn tuỳ thuộcvào

contortions twistings; distortions; V. contort: twist violently out of shape; Cf. contortionist sự xoắn lại, vặn lại, sự tr ật khớpcontraband illegal trade; smuggling; smuggled goods; Adj. buôn lậu; lậu thuế; hàng lậucontravene contradict; oppose; violate (a rule, law, or custom); N. contravention mâu thuẫn với; vi phạm; phản đốicontrite penitent; repentant; N. contrition ăn năn; hối lỗicontrived unnatural and forced; artificial; not spontaneous; Ex. The ending was rather

contrived.trù tính, sắp xếp tr ước

controvert oppose with arguments; attempt to refute; contradict; Adj. controversial; N.controversy

bàn cãi, tranh luận; nghi ngờ, phủ nhận, phản đối

contumacious stubborn and disobedient; resisting authority (esp. disobedient to an ordermade by a court)

bướng bỉ nh, ương ngạnh; vắngmặt, không tuân lệnh toà

contusion bruise sự làm giập, vết đụng giậpconundrum riddle; difficult problem câu đố, câu hỏi hắc búaconvene come together; assemble; call to meet; Ex. convene the council hội họp; triệu tậpconvention social or moral custom; established practice; formal meeting; international

agreementhội nghị; hiệp định; quy ước

conventional ordinary; typical; not nuclear; Ex. conventional weapons quy ước, tập quán; thườngconverge approach; tend to meet; come together hội tụ; đồng quyconversant familiar with; having knowledge of quen, thạo, rànhconverse opposite; Adj. trái ngược, đảo đề convert one who has adopted a different religion or opinion; V: change into another

form; (persuade to) adopt a particular religion or beliefngười cải đạo, người thay đổichính kiến hoặc tín ngưỡng

convex curving outward lồi (toán, lí)conviction judgment that someone is guilty of a crime; strongly held belief kết án; tin chắc; thuyết phục; nhận

thức thấy tội lỗiconvivial pleasantly merry; festive; joyous; gay; characterized by joviality; jovial yến tiệc, vui vẻ convoke call together; Ex. convoke Parliament; N. convocation triệu tập, mời đếnconvoluted coiled around; twisted; involved; complicated; intricate; complex; N.

convolution: twist; one of the convex folds of the surface of the brainxoắn; phức tạp

copious plentiful phong phú, dồi dàocoquette flirt; flirtatious woman; woman who tries to attract the admiration of men

without sincere feelings; V.người đàn bà hay làm đỏm; chimruồi; làm đỏm; đùa cợt, coi thường

cordial warmly friendly; gracious; heartfelt; Ex. cordial welcome thân ái; thân mậtcordon extended line of men or fortifications to prevent access or egress; V. đồn bốt, hàng rào; dây kim tuyếncornice projecting molding on building (usually above columns or pillars); gờ; mái đua; khối tuyết cứng trên

bờ vựccornucopia horn (or horn-shaped container) overflowing with fruit and grain; symbol ofabundance; horn of plenty

sừng dê tượng tr ưng cho sự phong phú; dồi dào

corollary natural consequence (which naturally follows from something else) hệ luận, kết quả tất yếucorporeal bodily (rather than spiritual); of a bodily form; material; tangible cụ thể, hữu hình; về thể xáccorpulent very fat; N. corpulence to béo; béo tốtcorrelation mutual relationship sự tương quan

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corroborate confirm; support; strengthen chứng thựccorrode destroy or wear away gradually by chemicals or disease; Adj. corrosive gặm mòn; mòn dần, ruỗng racorrugated wrinkled; ridged gấp nếp; nhăncosmic pertaining to the universe; vast vũ tr ụ; r ộng lớn; tr ật tự, hài hoàcountenance approve; support; tolerate; Ex. countenance his rude behavior; N: face;

appearancesắc mặt; tán thành

countermand cancel; revoke (an order) huỷ bỏ counterpart thing that completes another; things very much alike; thing that has the

same purpose in a different systembản sao; người giống hệt; bộ phậntương ứng

couple join; unite; Op. uncouple đôi, cặpcourier messenger người đưa thư, người đưa tincovenant binding agreement between two groups or people; compact; V: enter into a

covenant; promisehiệp ước, hiệp định, thoả thuận

covert secret; hidden; implied; Op. overt che đậy, vụng tr ộm, giấu giếmcovetous avaricious; desirous of (someone else's possessions); V. covet: desire

eagerly (someone else's possessions)thèm thuồng; tham lam

cow terrorize; intimidate doạ nạt, thị uy, làm sợ hãicoy shy (flirtatiously); showing a (pretended) lack of self-confidence; modest;

coquettish; Cf. job offerbẽn lẽn, xấu hổ; làm duyên; cáchbiệt; đại đội

cozen cheat; hoodwink; swindle lừa đảo, lừa gạtcrabbed sour; bad-tempered; peevish; difficult to read as handwriting gắt gỏng; chua chát; khó đọccrass very unrefined; grossly insensible; crude and undiscriminating; Ex. crass

behaviordày đặc; thô; thô bỉ ; đần độn, dốtđặc

craven cowardly hèn nhát; đầu hàngcredence belief lòng tin, tín ngưỡngcredo creed cương l ĩ nhcredulity belief on slight evidence; gullibility; Adj. credulous nhẹ dạ, cả tincreed system of religious or ethical belief tín ngưỡng; kinh tin kínhcrescendo increase in the volume or intensity as in a musical passage; climax; Cf.

crescentmạnh dần; tăng dần

crestfallen dejected; dispirited chán nản, ỉ u xìu, tiu nghỉ ucrevice crack; fissure đường nứt; kẽ hở crib (n) a special bed where a baby sleeps giường cũicringe shrink back as if in fear; cower co rúm; khúm númcripple injure lastingly; disable; làm què, làm hỏng;crippling the action of stopping or impairing normal activity sự làm hỏng, làm méo mõcriteria standards used in judging; Cf. criterion tiêu chuẩncrone hag; ugly old woman bà già; mụ già xấu xí

crotchety (of someone old) eccentric; odd; whimsical; bad-tempered; N. crotchet: oddor whimsical notion quái gở, kì quặc

crux essential or main point; Ex. the crux of the problem; Adj. crucial: of decidingimportance

vấn đề nan giải, mối khó khăn

crypt secret recess or vault usually used for burial; underground room (under achurch)

hầm mộ (ở nhà thờ)

cryptic mysterious; hidden; secret khó hiểu, bí ẩncubicle small chamber used for sleeping or work phòng ngủ nhỏ cuisine style of cooking; Ex. French cuisine cách nấu nướngculinary (n) relating to cooking or kitchen (thuộc) việc bếp núc, nấu nướngcull pick out from others (to kill the weakest members); reject; select; collect

(information); N.lựa chọn; hái; súc vật chọn ra để thịt

culmination highest point; climax; V. culminate in: reach the highest point in; end in; Ex.a series of minor clashes culminating in war

cực điểm

culpable deserving blame; blameworthy có tội; đáng tráchculvert artificial channel for water; drain crossing under a road cống nước; ống dây điện ngầmcumbersome heavy and awkward to carry or wear; burdensome; Ex. cumbersome

parcel/uniformngổn ngang, vướng víu, cồngkềnh; nặng nề 

cumulative growing by addition; accumulative luỹ tích, dồn lạicupidity greed (for wealth); Cf. cupid; Cf. Cupid máu tham, tính tham lamcurator superintendent; manager (in charge of a museum or a library) người phụ trách; người quản lícurmudgeon churlish, miserly individual; bad-tempered old person người keo kiệt, thô lỗ cursive (of writing) flowing; running; having the successive letters joined viết thảo; chữ thảocursory casual; hastily done with little attention to detail vội, nhanh, lướt quacurtail shorten; reduce rút ngắncynical skeptical or distrustful of human motives; N. cynicism; Cf. cynic: person who

believes all people are motivated by selfishnesshoài nghi; nhạo báng

cynosure object of general attention; person or thing that is a center of attention; Cf.

Ursa Minor

trung tâm của sự chú ý

Ddabble work at in a nonserious fashion; splash around; move noisily in a liquid vẩy, r ảy, nhúng ướtdais raised platform for speakers or other important people bệ, đài; bụcdally trifle with; toy with; treat without the necessary seriousness; procrastinate;

waste timeve vãn, đùa giỡn; lần lữa; lẩntránh; làm mất, bỏ phí

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dank damp; unpleasantly wet ẩm ướt; có âm khí nặng nề dapper neat and trim (in appearance); (of small men) neat in appearance and quick

in movements; neat; sprybảnh bao, sang tr ọng; lanh lợi,hoạt bát

dappled spotted có đốm sángdaub smear (as with paint); cover with something sticky; Ex. daub one's clothes

with mud/paint; N: small bit of sticky substance; Ex. a daub of paintlớp vữa trát tường; vách đất; bôibẩn

daunt intimidate; frighten; discourage; dishearten đe doạ dauntless bold; fearless gan dạ, bất khuấtdawdle loiter; hang around; waste time doing nothing lêu lổng; lãng phí thời giandeadlock standstill resulting from the opposition of two unrelenting forces; stalemate bế tắcdeadpan wooden; impassive; with no show of feeling; with an expressionless face bộ mặt ngây ra bất độngdearth scarcity khan hiếm, đói kémdebacle sudden disastrous downfall or defeat; complete disaster thất bại, sụp đổ, tan vỡ hoàn toàndebase degrade; reduce in quality or value; degenerate; lower in esteem; disgrace;

N. debasementlàm mất phẩm cách, mất giá tr ị;

debauch corrupt morally; seduce from virtue; N. debauchery: wild behavior (with sexand alcohol)

trác táng; truỵ lạc

debilitate weaken (esp. through heat, hunger, illness); enfeeble làm suy yếudebonair (of men) friendly, charming, and fashionably dressed; aiming to please; Cf.

of good dispositionvui tính; phóng khoáng

debris rubble; wreckage; scattered remains of something broken or destroyed mảnh vỡ debunk expose as false, exaggerated, worthless, etc.; ridicule lật tẩy; hạ bệ debutante young woman making formal entrance into society cô gái mới bước vào đờidecadence decay; fall to a lower level (of morality, civilization, or art); Adj. decadent suy đồi, sa sút, điêu tàndecant pour off gently (wine or liquid) gạn, chắtdecapitate behead xử tr ảm; chặt đầudecelerate slow down đi chậm lại; giảm tốc độ deciduous falling off at a specific season or stage of growth as of leaves; Ex.

deciduous tree/teethr ụng vào một thời kì nhất định (lá,r ăng sữa, sừng,...)

decimate kill (usually one out of ten or every tenth man); destroy or kill a large part of làm mất đi 1/10; tàn sát, giết hạidecipher decode; Cf. indecipherable giải mãdeclivity downward slope dốc, chiều dốcdecorous proper (in behavior, conduct, appearance, manner or taste); N. decorum lịch thiệp, đoan trang, đúng đắndecoy lure or bait; V. bẫy, nhử; cám dỗ decrepitude state of collapse or weakness caused by illness or old age tình tr ạng già yếu, hom hem, đổ 

nátdecry express strong disapproval of; condemn openly (something dangerous to

the public); disparage; Ex. decry the violence of modern filmsgièm pha, chê bai, nói xấu; làmgiảm giá tr ị 

deducible derived by reasoning; V. deduce: infer; derive by reasoning suy luậndeface mar; disfigure làm xấu đi; làm mất uy tín; xoá đidefame harm someone's reputation; malign; speak evil of; slander; N. defamation;

 Adj. defamatorynói xấu; phỉ  báng

default (n) failure to act; failure to perform a task or be present; V. sự vắng mặt; sự ko tr ả được nợ defeatist resigned to defeat or failure; accepting defeat or failure as a natural

outcome; N. Cf. defeatismchủ bại, tư tưởng chủ bại; ngườiủng hộ học thuyết chủ bại

defection desertion đào ngũ; bội giáodefer give in respectfully; submit; delay till later; exempt temporarily; N. deferment

(=deferral); Cf. show respect, comply with, courteoushoãn, trì hoãn; chiều ý, tôn tr ọng

deference courteous regard for another's wish; courteous yielding to another's wish oropinion (showing respect); Adj. deferential; Op. effrontery

chiều ý, chiều theo; tôn kính

defiance refusal to yield; resistance; V. defy; Adj. defiant thách thức, không tuân theodeficient (adj) not having an adequate or proper supply or amount. thiếu hụt, không đầy đủ 

defile pollute; make filthy or dirty; corrupt morally; profane; desecrate; N: narrowpassage or gorge through mountains hẻm núi; làm nhơ bẩn, vẩn đục;mạo phạm, báng bổ definitive most reliable; authorative and complete; that cannot be improved;

conclusive; decisive; definite; Ex. definitive decision by the supreme courtcuối cùng; dứt khoát

deflect turn aside; turn away from a straight course làm chệch đidefoliate destroy leaves; deprive of leaves (by the use of chemicals); N. defoliant làm r ụng lá, ngắt ládefray provide for the payment of; undertake the payment of; pay thanh toán, đài thọ defrock strip a priest or minister of church authority; unfrock bắt bỏ áo thầy tudeft neat; skillful khéo léo, khéo taydefunct dead; no longer in use or existence chết; không tồn tạidegenerate become worse in quality; deteriorate; Adj: having become worse; Ex. a

degenerate species; N: depraved or corrupt personthoái hoá, suy đồi

degradation humiliation; debasement; degeneration; V. degrade: debase; disgrace;degenerate; reduce (something) in worth; demote (someone); reduce in rank

giáng chức; làm mất uy tín; giảmsút; thoái hoá; phai màu

dehydrate remove water from; dry out khử nướcdeify turn into a god; make a god of; idolize; Ex. Kings were deified; Cf. deity phong thần; sùng bái, tôn sùngdelete erase; strike out xoá, gạch têndeleterious harmful độc hạideliberate consider; ponder; Adj: done on purpose; slow thận tr ọng, có chủ ýdelineate portray; depict; sketch; describe; N. delineation phác hoạ delirium mental disorder marked by confusion; uncontrolled excitement; Adj. mê sảng; cuồng nhiệt, điên cuồng

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deliriousdelta flat plain of mud or sand between branches of a river vùng châu thổ delude deceive lừa dốideluge flood; rush; V. tràn ngập; đại hồng thuỷ delusion false belief; deception; hallucination; deluding; Ex. delusions of grandeur;

Ex. under the delusion that; Adj. delusivesự đánh lừa hoặc bị đánh lừa; ảotưởng, ảo giác

delve dig; search deeply; investigate moi móc; đào bớidemagogue person who appeals to people's prejudice; false leader of people; Cf.

demagoguerykẻ mị dân

demean disgrace; humiliate; debase in dignity; behave hạ mìnhdemeanor behavior; bearing cử chỉ , cách cư xử demented insane điên cuồng, loạn trídemise death cái chết, sự qua đờidemographic related to population balance; N. demography: statistical study of human

population(thuộc) nhân khẩu học

demolition destruction; V. demolish phá huỷ demoniac (=demoniacal) fiendish; cruel; N. demon: evil supernatural being; devil bị quỷ ám; r ất hiểm ác, quỷ quáidemotic of or pertaining to the people (thuộc) bình dân, quần chúngdemur object (because of doubts, scruples); raise an objection (showing qualms);

hesitate; Ex. demur at the idea of working on Sundayphản đối; do dự 

denigrate blacken; defame phỉ  báng, gièm pha, chê baidenizen (animal, person, or plant) inhabitant or resident of a particular place; regular

visitorcư dân

denotation meaning; distinguishing by name; V. denote: indicate; refer to directly;mean; Cf. connotation

sự biểu thị, chứng tỏ; dấu hiệu;ngh ĩ a, ý ngh ĩ a

denouement final outcome; final development of the plot of a play or other literary work;the end of a story when everything is explained

đoạn kết

denounce condemn; criticize; N. denunciation tố cáo, lên án, phản đối dữ dộidepict portray vẽ; mô tả, miêu tả deplete reduce; exhaust rút hết ra, làm suy yếudeplore regret; express sorrow and severe disapproval for something bad; Ex.

deplore their violent behavior; Adj. deplorable: very bad; deserving severedisapproval; Ex. deplorable living condition

thương tiếc, ân hận; thương hại,xót xa

deploy spread out (troops) in an extended though shallow battle line; distribute(persons or forces) systematically or strategically

dàn tr ận, dàn quân, triển khai

deposition testimony under oath; dethroning, removal from office; V. depose sự phế truất, hạ bệ; sự cung khaidepravity extreme corruption; wickedness; V. deprave đồi bại, truỵ lạcdeprecate express disapproval of; deplore; protest against; belittle; Adj. deprecatory phản đối; phản kháng

depreciate lessen in value; belittle; represent as of little value sụt giá, mất giá, giảm giá tr ị depredation plundering; destruction cướp bóc, phá pháchderanged insane loạn tríderelict negligent; (of someone) neglectful of duty; (of something) deserted by an

owner; abandoned; N: abandoned property; homeless or vagrant personbị bỏ r ơi; vô chủ 

deride ridicule; treat with contempt; make fun of; Op. respect; N. derision; chế nhạo, nhạo báng, chế giễuderivative unoriginal; obtained from another source; Ex. derivative prose style; N. bắt nguồn; dẫn xuấtdermatologist one who studies the skin and its diseases thầy thuốc da liễuderogatory expressing a low opinion; disparaging; V. derogate: detract; disparage làm giảm; xúc phạm đến; vi phạmdesecrate profane; violate the sanctity of báng bổ; làm mất thiêngdesiccate dry up sấy khôdesolate (of a place) deserted; unpopulated; (of a person) lonely; forlorn; joyless tàn phá; bỏ hoang, hoang vắng; bị 

ruồng bỏ, bơ vơ; sầu nãodesolate make desolate; forsake; abandon and desert tàn phá; hoang vắng; bị ruồng bỏ;

cô độc; đau buồndesperado reckless, desperate outlaw kẻ liều mạng tuyệt vọngdespise look on with scorn; regard as worthless or distasteful; Adj. despicable:

contemptiblexem thường, coi thường, khinhmiệt

despoil plunder; sack; Ex. despoil the village tước đoạt; bóc lộtdespondent without hope and courage; depressed; gloomy; N. despondency: loss of

hope with gloom; dejectionnản lòng; thoái chí

despot tyrant; harsh, authoritarian ruler; Cf. despotism kẻ chuyên quyền, bạo chúadestitute extremely poor; lacking means of subsistence; utterly lacking; devoid; Ex.

destitute of any experiencethiếu thốn, cơ cực

desultory aimless; haphazard; digressing at random r ời r ạc; linh tinhdetached emotionally removed; free from emotional involvement; calm and objective;

physically separate; N. detachment; Cf. attachmenttách ra; vô tư, không lệ thuộc

determination resolve; firmness of purpose; measurement or calculation; decision quyết tâm; quyết định

deterrent something that discourages or deters ngăn cản; làm nản lòngdetonation explosion sự nổ, tiếng nổ detraction slandering; aspersion; detracting; Cf. detractor lấy đi, khấu tr ừ; chê bai, làm giảm

giá tr ị, uy tíndetrimental harmful; damaging; N. detriment thiệt hại, bất lợideviate turn away from (a principle, norm); move away from an accepted standard;

swerve; depart; diverge; N. deviation; Ex. deviation of the path of light by achệch hướng; xa r ời, tách r ời

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discount disregard; regard (a story or news) as unimportant; deduct from a cost không đếm xỉ a đến, coi nhẹ; chiếtkhấu, hạ giá

discourse serious speech, writing, or conversation; formal discussion (either written orspoken); conversation; V.

bài nghị luận; bài diễn thuyết

discredit defame; disgrace; destroy confidence in; disbelieve; N. Cf. discreditable:causing discredit; shameful

mất thể diện, mất tín nhiệm; nghingờ 

discrepancy lack of consistency or agreement as between facts; difference; Ex.discrepancy between two descriptions

khác nhau; ko nhất quán

discrete separate; unconnected r ời r ạc, riêng biệtdiscretion prudence; ability to adjust actions to circumstances; freedom of action or

 judgment; Adj. discreet; Cf. discretionarytự do làm theo ý mình; thận tr ọng;suy xét khôn ngoan

discriminating able to see differences; discerning; prejudiced; N. discrimination có óc phán đoán, biết suy xétdiscursive (of a person or writing) digressing; rambling (without any clear plan) lan man, r ời r ạc, ko mạch lạcdisdain treat with scorn or contempt khinh bỉ , coi thườngdisembark debark; go ashore (from a ship); unload cargo from a ship; Cf. embark lên bờ; xuống xe; bốc dỡ hàngdisenfranchise disfranchise; deprive of a civil right; Op. enfranchise tước quyền công dândisengage uncouple; separate; disconnect; stop fighting; Op. engage tháo r ời; làm r ờidisfigure mar the appearance of; spoil biến dạng, méo módisgorge surrender something (stolen); eject; vomit; Op. gorge nôn ra; tr ả lạidisgruntle make discontented bực tức, bất bình, cáu kỉ nhdishearten discourage làm chán nản; làm mất nhuệ khídisheveled untidy (of hair or clothing); V. dishevel r ối bời; xoã tócdisinclination unwillingness miễn cưỡng, bất đắc d ĩ  disingenuous not naive; not candid; sophisticated; worldly wise; Op. ingenuous không trung thựcdisinter dig up; unearth; Op. inter khai quật, đào bớidisinterested unprejudiced; free from bias and self-interest; objective vô tư, không cầu lợidisjointed disconnected; lacking coherence; V. disjoint: disconnect; disjoin tháo r ời; r ời r ạcdisjunction act or state of separation; disunity; Cf. disjunctive: expressing a choice

between two ideas; Cf. conjunction; Cf. conjunctivetách r ời ra

dislodge remove (forcibly); force out of a position; Ex. dislodge the food caught in histhroat; Cf. lodge

đuổi ra; đánh bật ra khỏi vị trí

dismantle take apart; disassemble tháo dỡ; phá huỷ, triệt phádismember cut into small parts; cut (a body) apart limb from limb chặt chân tay, chia cắtdismiss eliminate from consideration; no longer consider; put out of court without

further hearing; reject; discharge from employment; direct to leave; Adj.dismissive; N. dismissal

giải tán; thải hồi, đuổi

disparage belittle gièm pha; làm mất uy tín; coi r ẻ disparate basically different; impossible to compare; unrelated khác nhau hoàn toàn

disparity difference; condition of inequality; Op. parity chênh lệch, ko bình đẳng; cáchbiệt; ko tương ứngdispassionate calm; impartial; not influenced by personal feelings bình thản; vô tư, ko thiên vị dispatch speediness; prompt execution; message sent with all due speed; V: send to

a specified destination; finish promptly; killsự gửi đi, phái đi; sự đánh chếttươi; thông điệp gửi nhanh

dispel scatter; drive away; cause to vanish xua đuổi đi; xua tandisperse scatter; Ex. disperse the cloud/crowd phân tán; gieo r ắc; xua tandispirited lacking in spirit chán nản, ngã lòngdisport amuse; Ex. disport oneself; Cf. divert nô đùa, đùa giỡndisputatious argumentative; fond of argument hay lí sự; thích tranh luậndisquietude uneasiness; anxiety; V. disquiet: make anxious băn khoăn, lo lắng; không yên tâmdisquisition formal systematic inquiry; explanation of the results of a formal inquiry; long

formal speech or written reporttài liệu nghiên cứu công phu, luậnvăn

dissection analysis; cutting apart in order to examine mổ xẻ, phân tích; cắt r ời

dissemble disguise; hide the real nature of; pretend giấu giếm; đạo đức giả disseminate distribute; spread; scatter (like seeds) gieo r ắc; phổ biếndissent disagreement; opposition; protest bất đồng quan điểmdissertation formal essay; treatise bài luận, nghị luậndissident dissenting (with an opinion, a group, or a government); rebellious; N. bất đồng, phản đối; người bất

đồng; người biệt giáodissimulate pretend; conceal by feigning; dissemble che đậy, che giấu; vờ v ĩ nhdissipate squander; waste foolishly; scatter xua tan, tiêu tan; phung phí; chơi

bời phóng đãngdissolution disintegration; reduction to a liquid form; looseness in morals; sensual

indulgence; debauchery; Adj. dissolute: lacking in moral restraint; leading animmoral life

tan rã, giải tán; phân huỷ 

dissuade persuade not to do; discourage; N. dissuasion khuyên ngăn, can giándistant reserved or aloof; cold in manner; Ex. distant greeting; Adv. distantly xa cách; lạnh nhạt

distend expand; swell out mở r ộngdistill refine (a liquid by evaporating and subsequent condensation); concentrate;

separate the most important parts from; Ex. distill fresh water from seawater; Cf. brew

chưng cất

distinction honor; excellence; difference; contrast; discrimination; Ex. graduated withdistinction; Ex. a writer of real distinction

phân biệt, khác biệt; tr ọng vọng;ưu tú, xuất chúng

distort twist out of shape; give a false account of; misrepresent; N. distortion vặn vẹo, méo mó

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distrait absentminded; distracted đãng trídistraught upset; distracted by anxiety; very anxious and troubled almost to the point of

madness; Ex. distraught with grief/worryquẫn trí

distressing (n) alarming; disturbing; troubling đau khổ; lo âu, lo lắngdiurnal daily; occurring during the daytime ban ngày, một ngày đêm; hàng

ngàydiva operatic singer; prima Donna nữ danh cadiverse differing in some characteristics (from each other); various; nhiều loại khác nhaudiversion act of turning aside; pastime; V. divert: turn aside from a course; distract;

amuselàm chệch đi

diversity variety; dissimilitude; lack of resemblance sự đa dạng

divest strip (as of clothes); deprive (as of rights); dispossess; N. divestiture(divestment)

cởi quần áo; tước bỏ 

divine perceive intuitively (by or as if by magic); foresee the future; foretell; dowse; Adj. N. divination

tiên đoán, bói; thần thánh, thiêngliêng

divulge reveal để lộ, tiết lộ docile obedient; easily managed; submissive ngoan ngoãn, dễ bảodocket program as for trial; book where such entries are made; list of things to be

done; agenda; label fixed to a package listing contents or directions; V:describe in a docket

sổ ghi, biên lai, giấy phép

doctrinaire unable to compromise about points of doctrine; dogmatic; unyielding;marked by inflexible attachment to a doctrine without regard to its practicaldifficulties

giáo điều, hay lí luận cố chấp

doctrine teachings in general; particular principle (religious, legal, etc.) taught;dogma; tenet; Adj. doctrinal

học thuyết, chủ ngh ĩ a

document provide written evidence (for a claim); record with documents; N. chứng minh, dẫn chứng (bằng tàiliệu)

doddering shaky; infirm from old age; V. dodder run run, run lẩy bẩy; lập cậpdoff take off; Op. don bỏ (mũ), cởi (quần áo)dogged determined; stubborn; stubbornly persevering; tenacious; Ex. Inspector

Javert's dogged pursuit of Jean Valjeangan góc, lì lợm; ngoan cường, bềnbỉ , dai dẳng

doggerel poor verse thơ dở dogmatic opinionated; holding stubbornly to one's opinion; arbitrary; doctrinal giáo điều, máy mócdoldrums blues; listlessness (lack of spirit or energy); slack (inactive) period; period of

stagnation; ocean area near the equator where ships cannot move becausethere is no wind; Ex. in the doldrums

tr ạng thái buồn nản, chán nản;lặng gió

dolorous sorrowful; N. dolor đau buồn, đau thươngdolt slow-thinking stupid person; Cf. dull người ngu đần, người đần độndomicile home; V. Adj. domiciled: having one's domicile; Ex. He is domiciled in US. nhà ở, nơi ở; cư sở;domineer rule over tyrannically độc đoán; áp bức, áp chế don put on; Op. doff mặc (quần áo)dormant sleeping; temporarily inactive; lethargic; latent ngủ; im lìm; tiềm tàng; âm ỉ  dormer window projecting upright from roof; Cf. sleeping room cửa sổ trên mái nhàdorsal relating to the back of an animal; Ex. dorsal fin ở lưng, hình sống lưngdossier file of documents on a subject or person; file; Cf. bundle of papers labeled

on the backhồ sơ 

dotage senility; feeblemindedness of old age; Ex. In one's dotage lẩm cẩmdote be excessively fond of; show signs of mental decline tr ở nên lẩm cẩmdour sullen; gloomy; stubborn nghiêm khắc, khắc khổ douse plunge into water or liquid; dip; immerse; drench; wet thoroughly; extinguish;

throw water over; dowseté nước, dội nước

dowdy untidy (of a woman or clothes); slovenly; dressed in an unattractive way;

shabby; Cf. unattractive woman

tồi tàn, xơ xác; ko lịch sự, ko hợp

mốt, ko nhãdowncast disheartened; dejected; sad; directed downward cúi xuống; chán nản, thất vọngdrab dull; lacking color; cheerless; Ex. drab coat/life đều đều, buồn tẻ, xám xịtdraconian (=draconic) extremely severe; Ex. draconian punishment; Cf. Draco:

 Athenian politicianhà khắc, khắc nghiệt, tàn bạo

dregs sediment in a liquid; lees; worthless residue cặn, cặn bã; cái bỏ đidrivel nonsense; foolishness; V: talk nonsense lời nói ngớ ngẩn, ngốc nghếchdroll queer and amusing khôi hài; kì quặcdrone talk dully; buzz or murmur like a bee; N. nói đều đều; kêu o o, kêu vo vedross waste matter; worthless impurities cặn bã; rác r ưởi; xỉ  sắtdrought (n) dry weather, especially when so long continued as to cause vegetation

to wither.hạn hán

drudgery hard unpleasant work; menial work công việc vất vả, cực nhọc; laodịch; kiếp nô lệ 

dubious questionable; (of something) causing doubt; (of someone) filled with doubt;N. dubiety lờ mờ, mơ hồ; đáng ngờ, ko chắcchắnductile malleable; pliable; (of metals) easily pulled into shape; flexible; (of

someone) easily influenced or controlleddễ uốn, dễ kéo sợi; dễ bảo

dulcet sweet sounding; pleasing to the ear; melodious dịu dàng, êm áidumbfound (=dumfound) astonish (making dumb); Adj. dumbfounded, dumfounded,

dumbstrucklàm chết lặng đi; làm điếng người

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dupe someone easily fooled or deceived; V: deceive người bị lừa; bịp bợmduplicity double-dealing; hypocrisy; being dishonest and deceitful; Adj. duplicitous 2 lòng; lá mặt lá tráiduration length of time something lasts khoảng thời gian tồn tạiduress forcible restraint, especially unlawfully; coercion by threat; illegal coercion;

Ex. a promise made under duresscâu thúc, cầm tù; cưỡng ép, épbuộc

dutiful (=duteous) (of people or their behavior) respectful; obedient (filled with asense of duty)

vâng lời; tôn kính; làm tròn bổnphận

dwindle shrink; reduce gradually nhỏ lại; teo lạidynamic energetic; vigorously active năng động, tích cựcdyspeptic suffering from indigestion; N. dyspepsia: indigestion; difficulty in digesting food mắc chứng khó tiêu

Eearthy unrefined; coarse; of earth; Ex. earthy remarks; Op. ethereal như đất; phàm tục, tr ần tụceavesdrop (v) to listen to someone else surreptitiously nghe tr ộm, nghe lénebullient showing excitement; overflowing with enthusiasm; boiling; N. ebullience; N.

ebullition: state of boilingsôi nổi; hăm hở 

eccentric irregular; odd; unconventional; whimsical; bizarre; not concentric lập dị, kì cục; ko đồng tâmeccentricity oddity; idiosyncrasy tính lập dị; độ lệch tâmecclesiastic ecclesiastical; pertaining to the church; N: minister; priest; cleric; clergyman tu s ĩ ; giáo hộieclectic selective; composed of elements drawn from disparate sources; selecting

individual elements from a variety of sources; N. eclecticismchiết trung; người theo quan điểmchiết trung

eclipse darken; extinguish; outshine; surpass; cause an eclipse làm lu mờ; che khuấtecologist person concerned with the interrelationship between living organisms and

their environment; person concerned with the detrimental effects of humancivilization on the environment; Cf. ecology

nhà sinh thái học

economy efficiency or conciseness in using something; thrifty management ofresources

sự quản lí ktế; nền ktế; tiết kiệm;cơ cấu tổ chức

ecstasy rapture; very strong feeling of joy and happiness; any overpoweringemotion; Adj. ecstatic: causing or experiencing ecstasy

ngây ngất (vì vui sướng hay hạnhphúc), xuất thần

eddy swirling current of water, air, etc.; V. xoáy nước; gió lốc; khói cuộnedict decree (especially one issued by a sovereign); official command chỉ  dụ, sắc lệnhedify instruct; correct morally khai trí, soi sángeerie (=eery) weird; causing fear because strange kì quái; đáng sợ (vì kì lạ)efface rub out; remove the surface of xoá bỏ; làm lu mờ effectual able to produce a desired effect; valid có hiệu lực, có giá tr ị pháp líeffervescence inner excitement or exuberance; showing high spirits; emitting bubbles

forming inside; bubbling from fermentation or carbonation; Adj. effervescent;V. effervesce

sủi, sủi bong bóng; sục sôi, sôi nổi

effete having lost one's original power; barren; worn out; exhausted kiệt sức, suy yếu, bất lựcefficacy power to produce desired effect; Adj. efficacious: effectual có hiệu quả, hiệu lựceffigy dummy; likeness of a person made of wood, paper, or stone; Ex. burn an

effigy of the Presidenthình vẽ, hình nộm

effluvium noxious (harmful) smell khí xông lên; mùi thối, xú khíeffrontery rudeness without any sense of shame; shameless boldness;

presumptuousness; nerve; cheektính vô liêm sỉ , mặt dày mày dạn

effusion pouring forth; unrestrained outpouring of feeling; V. effuse: pour out; Adj.effusive: pouring forth; gushing

tuôn ra, toả ra; dạt dào (tình cảm)

egoism excessive interest in one's self; belief that one should be interested in one'sself rather than in others; selfishness; Adj. egoistic (=egoistical)

tính ích kỉ , sự cố chấp, ngoan cố;thuyết vị kỉ , chủ ngh ĩ a vị kỉ  

egotistical egotistic; excessively self-centered (egocentric); self-important; conceited (thuộc) thuyết ta là nhất, là trênhết; tự cao tự đại; ích kỉ  

egregious notorious; conspicuously bad or shocking quá xá, quá mức

egress exit; opening for going out; act of going out; Op. ingress sự đi ra; quyền ra vào; lối raejaculation exclamation; abrupt ejection (to discharge sperm); V. ejaculate thốt ra, văng ra; xuất tinhelaboration addition of details; intricacy sự thảo tỉ  mỉ , k ĩ  lưỡng, công phuelegy poem or song expressing lamentation (for the dead); Adj. elegiacal, elegiac khúc bi aielicit draw out fact or information (by discussion or from someone) gợi ra; suy luậnelixir cure-all; panacea; something invigorating thuốc tiên; thuốc luyện đanellipsis omission of words from a text; mark used to indicate an omission (when the

meaning can be understood without them); PL. ellipsessự tỉ nh lược; chấm lửng

elliptical elliptic; oval; of an ellipse; containing an ellipsis; ambiguous either purposelyor because key words have been left out

có hình dáng giống hình elip; tỉ nhlược

elucidate explain; make clear; clarify; enlighten; Cf. lucid giải thích, làm sáng tỏ elusive evasive; not frank; baffling; hard to grasp, catch, or understand; V. elude:

escape from; escape the understanding or grasp of; Ex. elude the hunter;Ex. His name eludes me.

lảng tránh; thoái thác; khó nắm (ýngh ĩ a)

elysian relating to paradise; blissful thiên đường; hạnh phúcemaciated thin and wasted (from hunger or illness) gầy mòn, hốc hác; bạc màu; úaemanate issue forth; come out phát ra, toả raemancipate set free; liberate giải phóngembargo ban on commerce or other activity; V. lệnh cấm vậnembark commence; go on board a boat; begin a journey lên tàu; lao vào; dấn mình vàoembellish adorn; ornament; enhance as a story (by adding fictitious details) trang trí; hư cấu

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embezzlement taking for one's own use in violation of trust; stealing (of money placed inone's care)

biển thủ; tham ô

emboss produce a design in raised relief; decorate with a raised design chạm nổi; r ập nổiembrace hug; clasp with the arms; adopt or espouse; accept readily; encircle;

include; Ex. embrace the cause/socialism; Ex. all-embracing; Cf. brace; Cf.bracelet

ôm chặt, ghì chặt; đi theo; baogồm, bao quát; áp lực

embroider decorate with needlework; ornament (a story) with fancy or fictitious details;embellish

thêu; thêu dệt

embroil throw into confusion; involve in strife, dispute, or quarrel; entangle; Cf.imbroglio

làm r ối r ắm, xung đột

embryonic undeveloped; rudimentary; N. embryo: organism in the early stage of

development

phôi, phôi thai; chưa phát triển

emend correct (usually a text); N. emendation: correction of errors; improvement sửa lỗi (sách vở)emetic substance causing vomiting; Adj. thuốc gây nôneminent rising above others; high; lofty; distinguished; Ex. eminent position xuất sắc, xuất chúng, lỗi lạcemissary agent (sent on a mission to represent another); messenger phái viên, sứ thầnemollient soothing or softening remedy (for the skin); Adj. làm dịu; làm mềmemolument salary; payment for an office; compensation lương, tiền thù laoempathy ability to identify with another's feelings, ideas, etc.; identification with and

understanding of another's feelings; V. empathize; Cf. sympathysự thấu cảm

empirical based on experience dựa vào kinh nghiệmemulate imitate; rival; try to equal or excel (through imitation) đua tranh; bắt chướcenamored in love; Ex. enamored of his own beauty; V. enamor: inspire with love say mê, hân hoanencipher encode; convert a message into code; put into cipher mã hoáenclave territory enclosed within an alien land vùng đất bị bao quanh bởi nhiều

vùng đất khácencomiastic praising; eulogistic; N. encomium: very high praise; eulogy tán tụng; xu nịnhencroachment gradual intrusion; Ex. I resent all these encroachments on my valuable time;

V. encroach: take another's possessions or right gradually or stealthily;intrude; Ex. encroach on/upon

sự xâm lấn, xâm phạm

encumber burden; N. encumbrance làm lúng túng, tr ở ngại; đè nặnglên; làm ngổn ngang

endearment fond word or act; expression of affection làm được mến, ưa chuộngendemic prevailing among a specific group of people or in a specific area or country;

peculiar to a particular region or people; Cf. pandemiccó t/c địa phương

endue provide with some quality; endow mặc, khoác (áo..); phú cho (ai)enduring lasting; surviving; V. endure: bear (pain or suffering) for a long time; remain

alive (in spite of difficulties); last; survivelâu dài, v ĩ nh viễn; nhẫn nại

energize invigorate; give energy to; make forceful and active tiếp thêm sinh lực, làm mạnh mẽ enervate weaken; take away energy from làm suy yếu, làm mỏi mònenfranchise admit to the rights of citizenship (especially the right to vote); Cf. franchise ban quyền bỏ phiếu; tr ả tự doengage attract; employ; hire; pledge oneself; confront; fight; enter into confliction;

interlock; lock together; participate; N. engagement: agreement to marry;arrangement to meet someone or to do something; battle

hứa hẹn, cam kết, đính hôn; thuêngười; giao chiến; gắn vào tường;ghép (vật nọ với vật kia)

engender cause; produce; give rise to gây ra, đem lạiengross occupy fully; absorb chiếm, choán hết; lôi cuốn, thu hútenhance increase; make greater (as in value, reputation, or usefulness); improve làm tăng, nâng cao, đề cao, làm

nổi bật; tăng (giá...)enigma puzzle; mystery; Adj. enigmatic: obscure; puzzling bí ẩn, khó hiểuenjoin command; order; forbid ra lệnh, chỉ  thị; cấmenmity ill will; hatred; hostility thù hằn, thù địchennui boredom; listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; Cf.

annoy

sự buồn chán, chán nản

enormity hugeness (in a bad sense); excessive wickedness; Ex. enormity of thecrime; Adj. enormous

tầm cỡ, to lớn; tội ác dã man

enrapture (=enravish) please intensely; fill with rapture and delight làm mê mẩn, làm mê thíchensconce settle comfortably; place comfortably (in a secure place) để gọn lỏn, ngồi thu luensue follow (as a result) xảy ra sau đóentail make necessary; require; necessitate; involve; limit the inheritance of

(property) to a specified succession of heirs; Ex. entail A on/upon Bđòi hỏi, yêu cầu; bắt phải; thừa kế theo thứ tự 

enterprising full of initiative; showing enterprise mạnh dạn; dám ngh ĩ  dám làmenthrall capture; enslave; captivate; hold the complete attention of (as if magic);

hold spellboundmê hoặc, làm mê mệt; nô dịch hoá

entice lure; persuade to do (something wrong); attract; tempt dụ dỗ, lôi kéo; nhử entity real being thực thể; sự tồn tạientomology study of insects côn trùng học

entrance (v) put under a spell (condition caused by magical power); carry away (fillwith strong feeling) with emotion; put into a trance; fill with delight làm xúc động và thích thú như bị mê hoặcentreat plead; ask earnestly khẩn nài, van xinentrepreneur businessperson (who assumes the risk of a business venture); contractor;

 Adj. entrepreneurialngười chủ hãng buôn; người thầukhoán

enumerate list; mention one by one đếm; liệt kêenunciate announce; proclaim; utter or speak, especially distinctly; pronounce clearly; phát biểu, phát âm

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articulate; Ex. This theory was first enunciated by him.environ enclose; surround; N. environs: surrounding area (as of a city) vây quanheon (=aeon) long period of time; an age; longest division of geologic time

containing two or more erasthời đại; v ĩ nh viễn; t/g vô tận

epaulet (=epaulette) ornament worn on the shoulder (of a uniform, etc.) cầu vai, ngù vai (quân phục)ephemeral (=ephemerous) short-lived; fleeting phù du; thoảng qua; sớm tàn lụiepic long heroic poem, novel, or similar work of art (celebrating the feats of a

hero); Adj: (of stories or events) resembling an epic; grandthiên anh hùng ca, thiên sử thi

epicure connoisseur of food and drink; gourmet; Adj. epicurean; Cf. Epicurus người sành ăn; kẻ hưởng lạcepigram witty thought or saying, usually short thơ trào phúng; lối nói dí dỏmepilogue short speech at conclusion of dramatic work phần kết, lời bạtepisodic (of a story or play) loosely connected; made up of separate and loosely

connected parts; N. episode: incident in the course of an experienceđoạn, hồi, tình tiết; chia đoạn

epistemologist philosopher who studies the nature of knowledge; N. epistemology nhà nhận thức luậnepitaph inscription in memory of a dead person (as on a tombstone) văn biaepithet word or phrase characteristically used to describe a person or thing;

descriptive phrase to characterize a person (often contemptuous)tính ngữ; tên gọi có ý ngh ĩ a

epitome perfect example or embodiment; brief summary; Ex. epitome of goodmanners; V. epitomize: make an epitome of; be an epitome of; embody

hình ảnh thu nhỏ; bản tóm tắt

epoch period of time kỉ  nguyên, thời đạiequable tranquil; of even calm temper; (of temperature) steady; uniform ko thay đổi, đều; điềm đạmequanimity calmness of temperament; composure sự bình thản; sự tr ầm t ĩ nhequestrian rider on horseback; Adj. người cưỡi ngựaequilibrium balance of opposing forces; balance of the mind; equanimity tr ạng thái thăng bằng, cân bằngequine resembling a horse; Ex. equine face (thuộc) ngựa; như ngựaequipoise balance; balancing force; equilibrium thăng bằng, cân bằng, đối tr ọngequitable fair; impartial; Op. inequitable; N. equitableness, equity công bằng, vô tư; hợp líequivocal (of words or statements) ambiguous; intentionally misleading; (of behavior)

questionable; Op. unequivocal; V. equivocatelập lờ, nước đôi; khả nghi; ko rõràng chắc chắn

erode eat away; wear away gradually by abrasion; Ex. The sea erodes the rocks. xói mòn, ăn mònerotic pertaining to passionate love or sexual love khiêu dâm, gợi tìnherrant wandering (esp. in search of adventure); straying from proper moral

standards; Ex. knight-errantlang thang; sai lầm, sai sót

erratic odd; irregular in movement or behavior; unpredictable thất thường, lang thangerroneous mistaken; wrong; incorrect sai lầm, sai sót, ko đúngerudite (of a person or book) learned; full of learning; scholarly; N. erudition uyên bác, thông tháiescapade prank; flighty conduct; reckless adventure that disobeys rules sự tự do phóng túng; h/đ phiêu lưueschew avoid habitually; Ex. eschew alcoholic drinks tránh làm; kiêng cữ 

esoteric (=esoterical) hard to understand; known only to the chosen few, esp. initiates bí truyền, r ất ít người hiểuespionage spying việc do thám, h/đ gián điệpespouse adopt; support (an idea or aim); marry; N. espousal tán thành, đi theo; lấy làm vợ esteem respect; value; judge; N. kính mến, quý tr ọng; coi là, cho làestranged separated; alienated; V. estrange: alienate (people in a family); N.

estrangementlàm xa lạ; ghẻ lạnh

ethereal like a spirit or fairy; unearthly light; heavenly; unusually refined; Ex. She hasan ethereal beauty; Cf. ether: upper air

cao tít; nhẹ lâng lâng; thiên tiên,siêu tr ần; (thuộc) ê te

ethnic relating to races thuộc dân tộcethnology study of humankind; study of the different races of human beings; Cf.

anthropologydân tộc học

ethos underlying character of a culture, group, etc.; character or ideas peculiar toa specific person, group, or culture; Ex. the company ethos

đặc tính, nét đặc biệt

etymology study of word parts; study of the origins of words từ nguyên học

eugenic pertaining to the improvement of race; N. eugenics: study of hereditaryimprovement of the human race ưu sinh

eulogy expression of praise, often on the occasion of someone's death; V. eulogize; Adj. eulogistic (eulogistical)

bài tán dương, bài ca tụng; lờikhen, lời ca ngợi

euphemism mild expression in place of an unpleasant one; Adj. euphemistic nói tr ại, uyển ngữ euphony sweet sound; Adj. euphonious tiếng êm tai; luật hài âmeuphoria (=euphory) feeling of exaggerated or unfounded (ungrounded; baseless)

well-being; feeling of great happiness or well-being (when unreasonable); Adj. euphoriaric

sự phởn phơ 

euthanasia mercy killing sự làm chết không đauevanescent fleeting; vanishing; soon disappearing; V. evanesce phù du; chóng phai mờ evasive not frank; trying to hide the truth; eluding; evading; V. evade: avoid (a duty

or responsibility) or escape from by deceitlẩn tránh, thoái thác

evince show clearly tỏ ra, chứng tỏ 

evocative tending to call up (emotions, memories) gợi lên, làm liên tưởng tớievoke call forth (memory or feeling); Ex. That old film evoked memories of my

childhood; N. evocationgọi lên; gợi lên; gọi ra toà

ewe female sheep con cừu cáiexacerbate worsen; aggravate; embitter làm tồi tệ hơn, làm tr ầm tr ọng

thêm (bệnh, đau đớn, tức giận)exacting extremely demanding; Ex. exacting standard of safety đòi hỏi cao

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exalt raise in rank or dignity; praise highly; inspire; Ex. exalt the imagination; Adj.exalted; N. exaltation

đề cao, tâng bốc, tán dương

exasperate vex; annoy or make angry (by testing the patience) làm tr ầm tr ọng hơn; làm bực tức;khích

exceptionable objectionable; likely to cause dislike; offensive; Cf. unexceptionable: entirelyacceptable

có thể bị phản đối

excerpt selected passage (written or musical) taken from a longer work; V. đoạn trích; trích dẫnexchequer treasury; Ex. Chancellor of the exchequer kho bạc; Bộ tài chínhexcise cut away; cut out; N: government tax on good produced and used inside a

country; N. excisionthuế hàng hoá; sở thu thuế; đánhthuế; cắt xén

exclaim cry out suddenly; N. exclamation; Adj. exclamatory kêu lên, la lên

excoriate scold with biting harshness; censure strongly; strip the skin off làm sầy da, lột da; phê bình, chỉ  trích gắt gao

exculpate clear from blame or guilt giải tội, tuyên bố vô tộiexecrable very bad; detestable bỉ  ổi, r ất đáng ghétexecrate curse; express abhorrence for; detest ghét; nguyền r ủaexecute put into effect; carry out; kill as a lawful punishment; N. execution thực hiện, thi hành; hành hình, xử tử exegesis explanation, especially of biblical (of the bible) passages sự bình luậnexemplify show by example; furnish an example; serve as an example of; Ex. His

pictures exemplify that sort of painting.minh hoạ bằng ví dụ; sao (một vănkiện)

exempt not subject to a duty or obligation; free from a duty; V. được miễn (thuế); miễn thuế cho aiexertion effort; expenditure of much physical work; V. exert oneself: make a great

effortcố gắng, nỗ lực

exhilarating (=exhilarant) invigorating and refreshing; cheering; V. exhilarate: makecheerful and excited; Ex. exhilarated by the ride in the sports car

làm vui vẻ; làm hồ hởi

exhort urge (by strong argument or advice); Ex. The general exhorted his men tofight bravely; N. exhortation

hô hào, cổ vũ; ủng hộ 

exhume dig out of the ground; remove from a grave đào lên, khai quậtexigency urgent situation; Adj. exigent khẩn cấpexiguous small in amount; minute eo hẹp; hẹp hòiexistential pertaining to existence; pertaining to the philosophy of existentialism (thuộc) sự tồn tại, thuyết hiện sinhexodus departure (of a large number of people) cuộc di cư exonerate acquit; exculpate; free from blame or guilt miễn tội; giải tộiexorbitant (of costs or demands) excessive; exceeding reasonable bounds (giá) quá caoexorcise drive out evil spirits yểm tr ừ, xua đuổiexotic not native; from another part of the world; strange; intriguingly unusual; Ex.

exotic flower/dressngoại lai, kì cục

expansive (of a person) outgoing and sociable; broad and extensive; able to increase

in size

có thể mở r ộng; bao quát; cởi mở,

chan hoàexpatiate talk at length; speak or write in detail nói dài dòng, dông dàiexpatriate exile; someone who has withdrawn from his native land; V: exile; banish;

leave one's countrybị đày biệt xứ, người bỏ xứ sở màđi

expedient suitable (for a particular purpose although not necessarily morally correct);practical; politic (prudent); N: something expedient

thích hợp, phù hợp; thủ đoạn

expedite hasten; make go faster xúc tiến, tiến hành, giải quyếtexpenditure payment or expense; expending; something expended; output; Ex. receipt

for the expenditure; Ex. expenditure of all the energysự tiêu dùng, phí tổn

expertise specialized knowledge (in a particular field); expert skill thành thạo, tinh thôngexpiate make amends for (a sin) chuộc, đềnexpletive meaningless word; interjection; profane oath; swear-word lời chêm, lời nói tục t ĩ u, lời r ủaexplicate explain in detail; interpret; clarify; Cf. explicable phát triển (nguyên lí); giảng giảiexplicit totally clear; definite; outspoken rõ ràng, dứt khoát

exploit (n) brave and successful act; deed or action, particularly a brave deed; Cf.crossing the Atlantic ocean kì công, thành tích chói lọi; hànhđộng dũng cảmexploit (v) to make use of, sometimes unjustly; N. exploitation khai thác; bóc lột, lợi dụngexpostulation protest; remonstrance; reasoning with someone to correct or dissuade; V.

expostulatesự phê bình nhận xét; sự thân áivạch chỗ sai trái

exposure risk, particularly of being exposed to disease or to the elements; unmasking;act of laying something open; Ex. exposure of governmental corruption

sự vạch tr ần, sự phơi bày; sự đặtvào nơi (nguy hiểm)

expound explain giải thíchexpropriate take possession of (often for public use and without payment) chiếm đoạtexpunge cancel; remove a word or name (from a book or list); erase xoá (tên, đoạn)expurgate clean; remove offensive parts of a book sàng lọc, cắt bỏ extant (of something written or painted) still in existence hiện có; hiện cònextemporaneous not planned; impromptu; extempore tuỳ ứng; ứng khẩuextenuate weaken; mitigate; lessen the seriousness of (bad behavior) giảm nhẹ; làm suy yếu; giảm nhẹ tội

extirpate root up; uproot; destroy completely đào tận gốc; làm tuyệt giốngextol praise very highly; glorify tán dương, ca tụngextort wring from; get money by threats, etc.; obtain by force or threats; Cf.

extortionate: exorbitantcưỡng đoạt; bóp nặn; tống tiền;moi

extradition surrender of prisoner by one state to another; Ex. extradition treaty; V. extradite dẫn độ extraneous not essential; irrelevant; superfluous; external; coming from the outside; Ex.

extraneous details/noise/to the subjectxa lạ, ko liên quan tới việc đang đề cập

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extrapolation projection; conjecture; V. extrapolate: infer (unknown information) fromknown information

phép ngoại suy, sự suy ra

extricate free from an entanglement or difficulty; disentangle gỡ; giải thoát; tách raextrinsic external; not essential or inherent; extraneous; Op. intrinsic ở ngoài; tác động từ ngoài; ko phải

bản chấtextrovert person interested mostly in external objects and actions người hướng ngoạiextrude force or push out; thrust out; shape (plastic or metal) by forcing through a

dieđẩy ra, ẩn ra; nhô ra, ló ra

exuberance overflowing abundance; joyful enthusiasm; flamboyance; lavishness; Adj.exuberant: high-spirited and lively; growing abundantly and strongly

dồi dào; sum suê, um tùm; cởi mở,hồ hởi

exude flow out slowly; discharge (gradually); give forth; N. exudation r ỉ , ứa

exult rejoice hân hoan, đắc chí, hả hê

Ffabricate build; lie; make up (a story) in order to deceive; Ex. fabricate the whole

story; Cf. fabric: underlying structure; Ex. fabric of societybịa đặt; làm giả; chế tạo, xây dựng

fabulous (adj) incredible thần thoại, hoang đường, khó tinfacade front or face (of building); superficial or false appearance mặt chính, mặt tiền; bề ngoàifacet small plane surface (of a gem (precious stone)); a side khía cạnh; cạnhfacetious joking (often inappropriately); unserious; humorous khôi hài, bông lơnfacile easily accomplished; ready or fluent; superficial; not deep; Ex. facile

solution to a complex problem; Ex. facile speaker; N. facility: ability to dosomething easily and well; ease in doing resulting from skill or aptitude;something that facilitates an action; amenity; Ex. with great facility

dễ dàng; trôi chảy; sẵn sàng,nhanh nhảu

facilitate help bring about; make less difficult làm cho dễ dàng, thuận tiệnfacsimile copy bản saofaction party; clique (within a large group); dissension; Adj. factious bè phái, bè cánhfactitious artificial; produced artificially; sham; false; Ex. factitious tears giả tạo, ko tự nhiênfactotum handyman; person who does all kinds of work; Cf. do everything người được thuê làm đủ mọi việcfaculty mental or bodily powers; teaching staff khả năng (thân thể, trí óc); toàn bộ 

giảng viên của một khoafallible liable to err có thể sai lầm, có thể là saifallow (of land) plowed but not sowed (to improve the quality); uncultivated bỏ hoang; không được rèn luyệnfalter hesitate; weaken in purpose or action; walk or move unsteadily through

weakness; N.dao động, nản chí; ngập ngừng,loạng choạng

fanaticism excessive zeal; extreme devotion to a belief or cause; N. fanatic; Adj. fanatic sự cuồng tínfancied imagined; unreal tưởng tượng, hão huyềnfancier breeder or dealer of animals; one who has a special interest, as for raising

specific plant or animalngười sành; người thích chơi

fanciful whimsical; visionary; imaginary; produced by imagination; Ex. fancifulscheme

kì lạ, kì cục; tưởng tượng; đồngbóng

fanfare call by bugles or trumpets; showy display; spectacular public display kèn lệnh; phô tr ương ầm ĩ , loè loẹtfarce broad comedy; mockery; humorous play full of silly things happening; Adj.

farcicaltrò hề, trò khôi hài, kịch vui nhộn

fastidious difficult to please; squeamish; fussy; finicky chóng chán; khó chiềufatalism belief that events are determined by forces or fates beyond one's control;

 Adj. fatalistic; Cf. fatal: causing deaththuyết định mệnh

fathom comprehend; investigate; determine the depth of; N. unit of measurementfor the depth of water

tìm hiểu, thăm dò

fatuous smugly and unconsciously foolish; inane; silly; N. fatuity, fatuousness ngu ngốcfauna animals of a period or region; Cf. flora hệ động vậtfawning courting favor by cringing and flattering; V. fawn: exhibit affection as a dog;

seek favor or attention by obsequiousness

xu nịnh, bợ đỡ 

faze disconcert; dismay; embarrass làm phiền, làm bối r ốifeasible practical; able to be carried out; practicable khả thifebrile (adj) feverish sốtfecundity fertility; fruitfulness; Adj. Fecund: very productive of crops or young sự mắn đẻ, có khả năng sinh sản;

sự màu mỡ feign pretend giả vờ feint trick; shift; sham blow; feigned attack to draw away defensive action; đòn nhử; đòn nghi binh; động tác giảfelicitous (of a word or remark) apt; suitably expressed; well chosen; N. felicity khéo léo; thích hợpfelicity happiness; appropriateness (of a remark, choice, etc.); quality of being

felicitoushạnh phúc; thích hợp, khéo chọn

fell (adj) cruel; (of a disease) deadly nhẫn tâm, tàn ác; huỷ diệt, chết chócfell (v) cut or knock down (a tree or a person); bring down (with a missile) đánh ngã; đốn, chặt câyfelon person convicted of a grave crime; Cf. felony: serious crime người phạm tội nghiêm tr ọng

ferment agitation; commotion (noisy and excited activity); unrest (of a political kind);V. produce by fermentation; undergo fermentation; cause (a state of trouble) sự lên men; sự xôn xao, náo động;kích thích, xúi giụcferret drive or hunt out of hiding; hunt with ferrets; drive out (as from a hiding

place); expel; uncover or discover by searching; Ex. ferret out the secret; N.small fierce animal which catches rats and rabbits by going into their holes

tìm kiếm, lục lọi; truy tầm, khámphá; đi săn (bằng chồn sương)

fertility fruitfulness sự sự phì nhiêu, màu mỡ fervor glowing ardor; intensity of feeling; quality of being fervent or fervid; zeal; sự nhiệt tình, hăng hái; sự tha

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intense heat; Adj. fervent, fervid thiết, sôi nổifester rankle; produce irritation or resentment; (of a cut or wound) generate pus or

rot; Ex. His insult festered in my mind for days.nhọt, mưng mủ; thối r ữa; day dứt,cay độc

festive joyous; celebratory; relating to a feast or festival (thuộc) ngày lễ hội; vuifetid (=foetid) malodorous; foul hôi thối, hôi hámfetter shackle; restrict the freedom of; N. chain or shackle for the foot of a

prisoner; Cf. footxiềng xích, gông cùm

fiasco total failure; Cf. bottle sự thất bạifiat command; arbitrary order; Ex. presidential fiat; Cf. let it be done sắc lệnh, lệnh; sự tán thànhfickle changeable (in affections or friendship); faithless hay thay đổi, không kiên địnhfictitious imaginary; non-existent; purposely invented to deceive; untrue; Ex. fictitious

name/boyfriend; Cf. fictionalhư cấu, tưởng tượng

fidelity loyalty; accuracy lòng trung thành; sự chính xácfigment invention; something invented; imaginary thing; Ex. figment of your

imaginationđiều tưởng tượng, điều bịa đặt

figurative not literal but metaphorical; using a figure (impression) of speech bóng bẩy, văn hoa; biểu tr ưngfigurine small ornamental statuette (very small statue) bức tượng nhỏ filch steal (things of small value) ăn cắpfilial pertaining to or befitting a son or daughter; Ex. filial respect đạo làm confilibuster block legislation or prevent action in a lawmaking body by making very slow

long speeches; N: freebootercản tr ở sự thông qua dự luật; kẻ cướp

filigree delicate ornamental lacelike metalwork đồ vàng bạc chạmfiling particle removed by a file mạt giũafinale conclusion; concluding part đoạn cuối, màn chót; sự kết thúcfinesse delicate skill; V: handle with finesse sự khéo léo, tế nhị finicky too particular; fussy; difficult to please; too concerned with unimportant

details or quality; Ex. finicky about her foodcầu kì, kiểu cách; tỉ  mỉ ; khó tính

finite limited hạn chế, có hạnfirebrand piece of burning wood; hothead; troublemaker; person who stirs up trouble thanh củi đang cháy dở; người

nóng nảy bộp chộp; kẻ sinh sự phá r ối, kẻ đâm bị thóc chọc bị gạo

fissure crevice; crack chỗ nứt, vết nứtfitful spasmodic; intermittent; irregular từng cơn; thất thường; chập chờnflaccid flabby; lacking firmness; weak; Ex. flaccid muscles ẻo lả, yếu đuối, uỷ mị flag droop; grow feeble; decline in vigor or strength; Adj. flagging; Cf. unflagging lả đi, yếu đi, tr ở nên ủ r ũ flagrant conspicuously wicked, bad, or offensive; blatant; outrageous tr ắng tr ợnflail beat with or as if with a flail; move wildly; thresh grain by hand; strike or

slap; toss about; N: threshing tool consisting of a stick swinging from the

end of a long handle

đập lúa; vụt, quật

flair talent sự thính, tinh; tài nhận thấy ngayflamboyant ornate; highly elaborate; richly colored; ostentatious; showy; Cf. flame chói lọi, sặc sỡ, r ực r ỡ, loè loẹtflaunt display ostentatiously; Ex. "Honey, if you've got it, flaunt it!" phô tr ương, khoe khoangflay strip off skin; plunder; remove the skin from; criticize harshly lột da, bóc vỏ; mắng mỏ, phê bình

nghiêm khắcfleck spot; mark with flecks; N: small mark or spot vết lốm đốm; đốm sáng; điểm li tifledgling (=fledgeling) inexperienced; N: young bird that has acquired wing feathers

and is learning to fly; inexperienced personchim non mới ra ràng, người thiếukinh nghiệm

fleece wool coat of a sheep; V: shear the fleece from; rob by a trick; swindle;plunder

lông cừu; xoắn như lông cừu; lừađảo

fleeting short-lived; ephemeral thoáng qua, phù duflick light stroke as with a whip; V: move with a light quick blow; strike with a light

quick blow (as from a whip); Ex. flick the switchđánh nhẹ; búng

flinch hesitate; shrink back (in fear of something unpleasant); Ex. She did notflinch in the face of danger do dự, lưỡng lự; chùn bước, naonúngflippant lacking proper seriousness; Ex. flippant remarks about death; N. flippancy khiếm nhã; cợt nhả flit fly; fly or move lightly or quickly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by; Ex. a bee flitting

from flower to flowerdi chuyển; chuyển chỗ ở 

float the act of staying on top of the water sự nổi, trôi (trên mặt nước)floe flat mass of floating ice tảng băng nổiflood abundant production of works of art sự tuôn tràn (ngh ĩ a bóng)flora plants of a region or era hệ thực vậtflorid ruddy; (of a complexion) reddish; flowery; very ornate; Cf. rose hồng hào; hào nhoáng; sặc sỡ;

cầu kì, hoa m ĩ  flotsam drifting wreckage vật nổi lềnh bềnh; tàu đắm trôi giạtflounder struggle and thrash about; proceed clumsily or falter (as in water, mud,

snow, etc.); proceed in confusionlúng túng; loạng choạng

flourish grow well; prosper; make sweeping gestures; wave; brandish; Ex. The treesflourished in the sun. N: showy movement or gesture; embell ishment orornamentation (esp. in handwriting)

phát đạt, phồn thịnh; hoa m ĩ , baybướm; vung chân múa tay

flout reject; mock; show contempt for; scorn; Ex. flout the rules lời miệt thị; lăng nhục; chế giễu,chê bai

fluctuate waver; shift; rise and fall as if in waves; change or vary irregularly dao động; bập bềnhfluency smoothness of speech; Adj. fluent lưu loát, trôi chảy

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fluke unlikely occurrence; stroke of fortune; accidental stroke of good luck; Adj. fluky trò may r ủi; sự may mắnfluster confuse; make nervous and confused; N. bối r ốifluted having vertical parallel grooves (as in a pillar); V. flute: make long parallel

inward curves in; N. flute: long rounded groove incised on the shaft of a columncó đường rãnh

flux flowing; series of changes; fluctuation; Ex. in a state of flux sự chảy mạnh, tuôn ra; sự thay đổiliên tục

fodder coarse food for cattle, horses, etc.; feed for livestock; Cf. food cỏ khô; cho ăn cỏ khôfoible small weakness of character; slight fault; Cf. feeble nhược điểmfoil defeat; frustrate; prevent from being successful; thwart; Cf. fail đánh bại, chặn đứng, làm thất bạifoist insert improperly; impose upon another by coercion; palm off; pass off as

genuine or worthy; Cf. fistlén lút đưa vào; đánh tráo

foliage masses of leaves; Cf. defoliate tán láfoment stir up; incite; instigate; promote the growth of (something evil or unpleasant) xúi bẩy, xúi giục, kích độngfoolhardy rash; reckless; foolishly daring liều l ĩ nh dại dột; điên r ồ foppish vain about dress and appearance; N. fop: man who takes too much interest

in his clothes and appearancethích chưng diện

foray raid; sudden raid or military advance; V. sự cướp phá, đánh phá; đột nhậpforbearance patience; forgiveness; V. forbear: refrain from (in a generous and forgiving

way); be patient; Ex. forbear to send him to prisonkiên nhẫn; nhẫn nhịn

ford place where a river can be crossed on foot; V. chỗ cạn; lội quaforebears (=forbears) ancestors tổ tiênforeboding premonition of evil; feeling of coming evil; V. forebode: be a warning of

(something unpleasant)điềm, sự linh tính; lời tiên tri

forensic suitable to debate or courts of law; of or used in legal proceedings and thetracking of criminals; Ex. forensic science/medicine

(thuộc) pháp lí, toà án

foreshadow give an indication beforehand; be a sign of (what is coming); portend;prefigure

báo hiệu tr ước

foresight ability to foresee future happenings; prudence in providing for the future sự thấy tr ước; sự lo xaforestall prevent by taking action in advance chặn tr ước, đón đầuforgo (=forego) give up; do without thôi, bỏ, kiêngforlorn sad and lonely; wretched; desolate tr ơ tr ọi, cô đơn; đau khổ, tuyệt

vọng; đìu hiu, quạnh vắngformality ceremonious quality; ceremonious adherence to rules; something done just

for form's sake; Ex. mere formalitynghi lễ, nghi thức, sự theo đúngquy cách; tính cách hình thức

formidable menacing; arousing fear; threatening; difficult to defeat; Ex. formidablefoe/question

dữ dội; ghê gớm; kinh khủng

forsake desert; abandon; renounce bỏ r ơi, từ bỏ forswear renounce under oath; abandon; make a solemn promise to give up; Cf.

abjurethề bỏ, thề chừa; ko giữ lời thề 

forte strong point or special talent in a person's character điểm mạnh, sở tr ườngforthright straightforward; direct; frank tr ực tính, thẳng thắnfortitude bravery; courage; strength of mind sự chịu đựng ngoan cườngfortuitous accidental; by chance; N. fortuity tình cờ, bất ngờ, ngẫu nhiênfoster rear; bring up (for a certain period only); encourage; promote the

development of (feelings or ideas); Ex. help foster friendly relations; Adj:giving parental care although not related by blood; Ex. foster parents

nuôi dưỡng, chăm sóc; khuyếnkhích, thúc đẩy, cổ vũ, tăng cường

founder (v) to fail completely; sink; Cf. flounder sập xuống; chìm nghỉ m; đắm; quỵ founder (n) person who establishes (an organization or business) người sáng lậpfracas brawl (noisy quarrel or fight) in which a number of people take part; melee cuộc cãi lộn, cuộc ẩu đả ầm ĩ  fractious unruly; peevish; cranky; bad-tempered; Ex. fractious horse bướng; cau có, hay phát khùngfrail weak; N. frailty mỏng mảnh, dễ vỡ; yếu đuối, ẻo lả franchise right or privilege granted by authority; right to vote; license to sell a product

in a particular territory

quyền bầu cử; đặc quyền; sự cho

phép bán hàng của 1 c/ti ở 1 vùngfrantic wild; distraught as from fear or worry; Ex. frantic with fear cuồng nộ, điên r ồ fraudulent cheating; deceitful; Ex. fraudulent means; N. fraud: deception; swindle gian lận; lừa lọcfraught filled (with something unpleasant); full; Ex. fraught with danger and

difficulties; Cf. freightđầy; trang bị đầy

fray brawl; fight; V: wear away or unravel by rubbing; have loose threadsdeveloping; cause to become worn out (a person's temper or nerves); Cf. rub

cãi lộn, ẩu đả; cọ xơ, cọ sờn

frenetic (=phrenetic) frenzied; frantic điên lên, điên cuồng; cuồng tínfrenzied madly excited; N. frenzy: violent wild excitement điên cuồngfresco painting on wet plaster (usually fresh) lối vẽ trên tường; bích hoạ fret be annoyed or vexed; Ex. fret over your poor grades; N: irritation of mind;

 Adj. fretfulsự bực dọc, cáu kỉ nh, khó chịu;phiền muộn, băn khoăn, bứt r ứt

friction clash or conflict in opinion; rubbing against ma sát, cọ xát; va chạm, xích míchfrieze ornamental horizontal band on a wall tr ụ ngạch

frigid intensely cold; cold in manner; Ex. frigid zone lạnh lẽo, băng giá; lạnh nhạtfritter waste (time or money on unimportant things) phung phí (thì giờ, tiền của)frivolous lacking in seriousness; flippant; self-indulgently carefree; unworthy of

serious attention; relatively unimportant; trivialnhẹ dạ, phù phiếm; vô tích sự,lông bông

frond fern leaf; palm or banana leaf lá lược (cây dương xỉ )fructify bear fruit; produce fruit ra quả frugality thrift; economy; Adj. frugal: practicing economy; costing little; inexpensive căn cơ, tiết kiệm; thanh đạm

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fruition bearing of fruit; fulfillment; realization; Ex. come to/be brought to fruition sự hưởng (cái mong muốn), toạinguyện, sự khai hoa kết trái

frustrate thwart; defeat; prevent from accomplishing a purpose làm thất bại, làm hỏng; làm vôhiệu, mất tác dụng; làm vỡ mộng

fugitive fleeting or transitory; lasting only a short time; roving (wandering); runningaway or fleeing as from the law; N: one who flees; Ex. fugitives at large

nhất thời, phù du; tr ốn tránh

fulcrum support on which a lever rests or pivots điểm tựa; bản lề fulminate thunder; explode; issue a severe denunciation xoè lửa, nổ; nổi giận; xổ, tuôn rafulsome disgustingly excessive; offensively flattering; Ex. fulsome praise/expressions

of admirethái quá; đê tiện; ngấy tởm

fumble move the fingers and hands awkwardly (in search of something); mishandle

or drop a ball that is in play; bungle; botch; spoil by mishandling; N.

làm, cầm lóng ngóng; dò dẫm, sờ 

soạngfunctionary official (who performs a particular function) công chứcfundamental basic; primary; essential cơ bản, cơ sở, chủ yếufunereal sad; solemn; suitable for a funeral thích hợp với đám ma; buồn thảmfuror frenzy; great anger and excitement; Cf. fury sự điên cuồng; sự xúc động cao

độ (giận dữ hay vui sướng)furtive stealthy; quiet and secret (trying to escape notice); sneaky; Ex. furtive glance lén lút, bí mật; ngấm ngầm, tr ộmfusillade simultaneous firing or outburst (of missiles, questions, etc.) sự tuôn ra hàng tràng (đạn, câu hỏi)fusion union; coalition; V. fuse sự hợp nhất, sự liên hiệpfutile useless; hopeless; ineffectual không hiệu quả; phù phiếm

Ggadfly animal-biting fly; irritating person con mòng; người hay châm chọcgaffe social blunder sai lầm; nói hớ gainsay deny chối cãigait manner of walking or running; speed dáng đigalaxy large isolated system of stars, such as the Milky Way; collection of brilliant

personalitiesthiên hà

gale windstorm; gust of wind; emotional outburst (laughter, tears); Ex. gale oflaughter

cơn gió mạnh; sự nổ ra, sự phálên (cười, khóc)

gall annoy; exasperate; chafe; N: skin sore caused by rubbing (as on the skin ofa horse); exasperation

làm sầy da; làm phiền, xúc phạm

gall bitterness of feeling; nerve; effrontery; (bile); Cf. gall bladder đắng; mật, túi mật, sự tr ơ tráogalleon large three-masted sailing ship thuyền buồm lớn; thuyền chiếngalvanize stimulate or shock by an electric current; stimulate by shock; shock into

action; stir up; coat with rust-resistant zinc by using electricitymạ kẽm; đánh bóng; làm phấnkhích

gambit opening in chess in which a piece is sacrificed; action made to produce afuture advantage

thí quân để mở đường (cờ); bướcđầu

gambol romp; skip about; leap about playfully; frolic; N. nô đùa nhảy nhótgamely in a spirited manner; with courage; Ex. fight gamely against a superior

boxer; Adj. gameliều l ĩ nh, mạo hiểm

gamut entire range (nhạc) gam; toàn bộ, cả loạtgape open widely; open the mouth wide; stare wonderingly with the mouth open;

Cf. agapenhìn chằm chằm, há hốc mồm; hár ộng miệng; ngáp

garbled mixed up; jumbled; distorted; V. garble: mix up or distort (a message) tosuch an extent as to make misleading or unintelligible

cắt xén (làm sai lạc); vô tình bópméo; trích ra một cách xuyên tạc

gargantuan huge; enormous; gigantic; Cf. the hero of Gargantua and Pantagruel phi thường, khổng lồ gargoyle waterspout carved in grotesque figures on a building miệng máng xối (hình đầu thú, đầu

người theo kiến trúc Gôtic)garish overbright in color; unpleasantly bright; gaudy loè loẹt, sặc sỡ; chói mắtgarner gather; store up; amass; V. bỏ vào kho, nộp vào vựa

garnish decorate; add a garnish to; decorate (food or drink) with small items such aslemon slices; N. hoa m ĩ ; trang hoàng, tô điểm; gọira hầu toàgarrulous loquacious; wordy; talkative; N. garrulity ba hoa, lắm mồmgastronomy art and science of preparing and serving good food; Cf. gastronome nghệ thuật ẩm thực; sự sành ăngauche clumsy (in social behavior); coarse and uncouth vụng về gaudy flashy; showy loè loẹt, cầu kìgaunt lean and angular; thin and bony; emaciated; barren gầy, hốc hác; cằn cỗi, hoang vắnggavel hammerlike tool; mallet (wooden hammer) used by a presiding officer or an

auctioneer; V.búa của chủ tịch hoặc người bánđấu giá

gawk stare foolishly; look in open-mouthed awe tr ố mắt nhìn một cách ngớ ngẩngazette official periodical publication; newspaper công báogenealogy record of descent; lineage; ancestry; study of ancestry bảng phả hệ generality vague statement; general statement which is not detailed; quality of being

general; greater part; most; Ex. generality of peopletính phổ biến, nguyên tắc chung;đa số 

generate cause; produce; create sản sinh, tạo ra, gây rageneric characteristic of an entire class or species; of a genus có đặc điểm chung của một giốngloài

genesis beginning; origin căn nguyên, nguồn gốcgeniality cheerfulness; kindliness; sympathy; Adj. genial: cheerful and good-

temperedtính vui vẻ, tốt bụng; tính ôn hoà(khí hậu)

genre particular variety of art or literature loại, thể loại

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genteel well-bred; elegant; striving to convey an appearance of refinement; Ex.genteel poverty

quý phái, thượng lưu; cầu kì, trauchuốt

gentility those of gentle birth; high social class; refinement; quality of being genteel dòng dõi trâm anh, địa vị cao quý;vẻ quý phái, phong nhã

gentry people of standing (rank or position); people of good family or high socialposition; class of people just below nobility

tầng lớp quý tộc nhỏ; hạng người

genuflect bend the knee as in worship quỳ gối (cúng bái)germane pertinent; bearing upon (having connection with) the case at hand;

appropriatethích hợp, phù hợp

germinal pertaining to a germ; creative; Ex. germinal idea có tính chất mầm, ở thời kì phôithai

germinate cause to sprout; sprout làm cho mọc, nảy mầmgerontocracy government ruled by old people chính quyền trong tay những

người có tuổigerrymander change voting district lines in order to favor a political party; N. Cf. Elbridge

Gerry + (sala)mandersắp xếp gian lận (trong bầu cử)

gestate evolve as in prenatal growth; N. gestation: period of development fromconception until birth

mang thai; phát triển

gesture (n) a movement or action of the hands or face, expressive of some idea oremotion

điệu bộ, cử chỉ , động tác

ghastly horrible; terrifying; resembling ghosts; Cf. aghast khủng khiếp, rùng r ợn; tái métgibberish nonsense; nonsensical or unintelligible talk or writing; babbling nói lắp bắp, sai ngữ phápgibe mock; make jeering remarks; N: jeering remarks chế giễu, chế nhạogiddy light-hearted; not serious; frivolous; dizzy; causing dizziness; Ex. giddy

youth; Ex. giddy climb/heightchóng mặt, choáng váng; nhẹ dạ,phù phiếm

gingerly very carefully; Adj. thận tr ọng; rón réngirth distance around something; circumference chu vi, đường vòng quanhgist essence; main point; substance lí do chính; thực chất, ý chínhglacial like a glacier; of an ice age; extremely cold; Ex. glacial epoch; Cf. iceberg băng giá, lạnh buốtglaring (of something bad) highly conspicuous; harshly bright; shining intensely and

blindinglysáng chói; bừng bừng (giận dữ);hào phóng

glaze cover with a thin and shiny surface; apply a glaze to; N: thin, smooth, shinycoating (as for pottery); Ex. unglazed pottery

tráng men, làm láng; đánh bóng

glean gather leavings; gather grain left behind by reapers; gather bit by bit (factsor information) often with difficulty

lượm lặt, nhặt nhạnh

glib fluent (with insincerity or superficiality); facile; slick liến thoắngglimmer shine erratically; twinkle; N: dim or unsteady light; faint indication; Ex.

glimmer of hopetia sáng le lói; ý niệm mơ hồ; chậpchờn

gloat express evil satisfaction; look at or think about with evil satisfaction; viewmalevolently; Ex. The thief gloated over the stolen jewels.

nhìn hau háu, thèm thuồng; hả hê

gloss over explain away with the intention of deceiving or hiding faults giải thích, thanh minhglossary brief explanation of words used in the text bảng chú giải; từ điển thuật ngữ glossy smooth and shining; N. gloss: shiny brightness on a surface; superficially

attractive appearance; Ex. gloss of good mannersbóng loáng; hào nhoáng

glower scowl; glare; look or stare angrily quắc mắt, nhìn tr ừng tr ừngglut overstock; fill beyond capacity (with food); fill to excess; N: oversupply sự tràn ngập, thừa mứa; nhồi nhét,

cho ăn no nê; cung cấp thừa thãiglutinous sticky; viscous; gluey dính, dính như keoglutton someone who eats too much; Adj. gluttonous: given to gluttony; greedy; Cf.

gluttony: habit of eating too muchngười háu ăn, tham ăn

gnarled twisted có mấu, xương xẩugnome dwarf; underground spirit who guards treasure hoards thần lùn giữ của; nhà tài phiệtgoad urge on; drive with a goad; cause (someone) to do something by continued

annoyance; Ex. They goaded him into doing it by saying he was a coward;N: sharp-pointed stick for driving cattle; stimulus; Cf. annoy continually

thúc (trâu, bò) bằng gậy nhọn; thúcgiục; trêu tức

gorge narrow canyon; steep rocky cleft; ravine (made by a stream which runsthrough it)

hẻm núi, khe núi

gory bloody; N. gore: blood (from a wound) đẫm máugossamer (=gossamery) sheer; very light; like cobwebs; N: soft and sheer fabric; cobweb mỏng nhẹ như tơ gouge overcharge (with high price); extort from; Ex. gouge the public; Cf. usury lừa đảo, lừa gạtgouge tear out; cut out (as if with a gouge); Ex. gouge his eyes out; N: chisel for

cutting out hollow areas in woodđục thủng, chọc thủng; khoét ra,moi ra

gourmand epicure; person who takes excessive pleasure in food and drink người sành ăn; người phàm ăngourmet connoisseur of food and drink; epicure người sành ăn, sành r ượugraduated arranged by degrees (of height, difficulty, etc.) chia độ granary storehouse for grain kho thóc; vựa lúa

grandiloquent (of a person or speech) using high sounding or important-soundinglanguage; pompous; bombastic khoa tr ương, khoác lác

grandiose affectedly grand; pretentious; high-flown; ridiculously exaggerated;impressive; great in size or scope; grand; Ex. grandiose ideas

v ĩ  đại, lớn lao; long tr ọng, phôtr ương

granulate form into grains or granules; N. granule: grain or particle nghiền thành hột nhỏ; kết hộtgraphic pertaining to the art of delineating; vividly described đồ hoạ; sinh độnggrapple wrestle; come to grips with; take hold of and struggle with; Ex. grapple with túm lấy, níu lấy; vật lộn

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the burglargrate make a harsh noise; have an unpleasant effect; shred by rubbing against a

rough surface; Ex. grated cheese N: framework of metal bars to hold fuel ina fireplace

mài, xát; nghiến kèn kẹt, kêu cọtkẹt; vỉ  lò, lò sưởi

gratify please; satisfy; Ex. gratify a desire làm hài lòng, làm vừa lònggratis free; without charge; Adj. ko lấy tiền, biếu ko, cho kogratuitous given freely; unwarranted; uncalled for; done without good reason; Ex.

gratuitous commentcho ko; ko có lí do, vu vơ 

gratuity tip tiền thưởng, tiền hưu trígregarious sociable; (of an animal) tending to form a group sống bầy đàn; thích tụ họp, giao dugrievance cause of complaint; complaint lời trách; phàn nàn

grill question severely; cook on a grill; broil; N: cooking surface of parallel metalbars

tra hỏi; hành hạ; nướng; vỉ  nướng

grimace facial distortion to show feeling such as pain, disgust, etc; V. sự nhăn nhó, nhăn mặtgrisly ghastly; horrifying; Ex. grisly remains of the bodies ghê tởm, kinh khủng, rùng r ợngrotesque fantastic; comically hideous; strange and unnatural (causing fear or

amusement)lố bịch, kệch cỡm, kì cục

grotto small cavern hang độnggrouse complain; fuss; grumble; grouch; N: plump chickenlike game bird càu nhàu; gà gô tr ắnggrovel crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate; behave in a servile manner bò, nằm phục dưới đất; quỳ gối

phục tùnggrudging unwilling; reluctant; stingy (giving reluctantly) miễn cưỡng, bất đắc d ĩ  gruel thin liquid porridge cháo cho người ốm ăn; cháo suônggrueling exhausting; Ex. grueling marathon race làm kiệt sức, mệt lử gruesome grisly; horrible khủng khiếp; kinh khủnggruff (=gruffy) rough-mannered; (of a voice) rough; hoarse cộc lốc, cộc cằn, thô lỗ guffaw boisterous laughter; V. tiếng cười hô hố, ha hả guile deceit; duplicity; wiliness; cunning; Ex. persuade her by guile mưu mẹo, thủ đoạn; sự lừa đảoguileless without deceit chân thật, ngây thơ guise outward appearance; costume; Ex. in a new guise chiêu bài, lốt, vỏ gull trick; deceive; hoodwink; N: person who is easily tricked; dupe lừa bịp; người ngờ nghệch, cả tingullible easily deceived nhẹ dạ, cả tin, khờ dạigustatory affecting or relating to the sense of taste (thuộc) vị giácgusto enjoyment; enthusiasm sự khoái trá, thích thú; sự nhiệt tìnhgusty windy gió bão, dông tố guy cable or chain attached to something that needs to be braced or steadied;

Cf. guidedây thừng hoặc xích để neo chắccái gì

Hhabituate accustom or familiarize; addict làm cho quen với cái gìhackles hairs on back and neck, especially of a dog; Ex. make someone's hackles

riselông vũ trên cổ gà tr ống hoặc lôngtrên cổ chó

hackneyed commonplace; trite nhàm chánhaggard wasted away; gaunt; Ex. haggard faces of the rescued miners ko thuần được; hốc hác, mệt mỏihaggle argue about prices (in an attempt to bargain) mặc cả; tranh cãihalcyon calm; peaceful; Ex. halcyon days thanh bình, êm ả hale healthy khoẻ mạnh, tráng kiệnhallowed blessed; consecrated; Ex. hallowed ground; V. hallow: set apart as holy linh thiêng, thiêng liênghallucination delusion; false idea; false perception of objects with a compelling sense of

their reality; objects so perceived; V. hallucinate; Adj. hallucinatoryảo giác

halting hesitant; faltering; not fluent; Ex. halting steps/voice; V. halt: proceed or actwith uncertainty; falter; hesitate; waver; stop

ngập ngừng, lưỡng lự, ngắc ngứ 

hamper obstruct; prevent the free movement of; N: cản tr ở, ngăn tr ở, làm vướnghap chance; luck sự may mắn; tình cờ, ngẫu nhiênhaphazard random; by chance; happening in an unplanned manner; Ex. haphazard

growth of the townbừa bãi; lung tung

hapless unfortunate; luckless r ủi ro, không mayharangue long, passionate, and vehement speech; V. bài diễn thuyết; lời kêu gọi, hô hàoharass annoy by repeated attacks quấy r ầyharbinger forerunner (which foreshadows what is to come) báo hiệu; người báo tr ướcharbor give protection (by giving food and shelter); provide a refuge for; hide; keep

in mind (thoughts or feelings); Ex. harbor a grudge/criminal; N: place ofshelter; refuge

chứa chấp, che giấu, cho ẩn náu;nuôi dưỡng (ý ngh ĩ  xấu)

hardy (of people or animals) sturdy; robust; (of plants) able to stand inclement(stormy) weather

cường tráng khoẻ mạnh, chịuđược gian khổ 

harping tiresome dwelling on a subject; V. harp: dwell on (think or speak a lot about)

tediously

đàn hạc; nói lải nhải

harrowing agonizing; distressing; traumatic; V. harrow: break up and level (soil) with aharrow; inflict great distress on; agonize; N: farming machine to break upthe earth

làm đau đớn; làm đau lòng; bừa,cái bừa

harry harass, annoy, torment (by repeated attacks); raid làm phiền; cướp bóchatch deck opening; lid covering a deck opening; V: emerge from an egg; produce

(young) from an eggcửa sập; cửa cống; nở tr ứng

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haughtiness pride; arrogance; Adj. haughty kiêu kì, ngạo mạnhaven place of safety; refuge; harbor; Ex. tax haven bến tàu, cảng; nơi trúhazardous dangerous; random mạo hiểm, nguy hiểmhazy slightly obscure; misty; unclear; N. haze: light mist or smoke; confused state

of mindmù sương, mù mịt; mơ hồ; ngàngà say

headlong hasty; rash; headfirst; Adv. đâm đầu xuống; hấp tấpheadstrong willful; stubborn; unyielding; determined to have one's own way bướng bỉ nh, ương ngạnhheckler person who verbally harasses others; V. heckle: verbally harass as with

gibes (by interrupting a speaker or speech)người chất vấn, người hỏi vặn

hedonist one who believes that pleasure is the sole aim in life; Cf. hedonism: practiceof living one's life purely for pleasure

người theo chủ ngh ĩ a khoái lạc

heedless not noticing; disregarding ko chú ý, lơ làhegemony dominance especially of one nation over others quyền lãnh đạoheinous atrocious; wicked; hatefully bad; Ex. heinous crime cực kì tàn ác, ghê tởmherbivorous grain-eating; Cf. herbivore (động vật) ăn cỏ heresy opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion contrary to accepted religion; Adj.

heretical; Cf. hereticdị giáo

hermetic concerning alchemy or magic; obscure and mysterious; occult sâu kín, huyền bíhermetic sealed by fusion so as to be airtight; airtight kín hơi, kín gió, kínhermitage home of a hermit nơi ẩn dật; tu việnherpetologist one who studies reptiles; Cf. herpetology: branch of zoology that deals with

reptiles and amphibiansnhà nghiên cứu bò sát

heterodox (of beliefs) against accepted opinion; unorthodox; unconventional ko chính thốngheterogeneous dissimilar; mixed; not homogeneous; consisting of dissimilar elements or

plantshỗn tạp, không đồng nhất

hew cut to pieces with ax or sword; chop; N. chặt, đốn, đẽoheyday time of greatest success or power; prime thời hoàng kim; tuổi thanh xuânhiatus gap; pause; gap or interruption in space or time; break chỗ gián đoạn, đứt quãnghibernal wintry; wintery; of or like winter (thuộc) mùa đônghibernate sleep throughout the winter; N. hibernation ngủ đông; ko hoạt độnghierarchy arrangement by rank or standing; authoritarian body divided into ranks;

body of persons having authorityhệ thống cấp bậc, tôn ti

hieroglyphic picture writing; Adj. (thuộc) chữ tượng hìnhhilarity boisterous mirth (merriment; laughter); Adj. hilarious: full of laughter sự vui vẻ, vui nhộnhindmost furthest behind; farthest to the rear sau r ốt, xa nhất phía sauhindrance block; obstacle; V. hinder cản tr ở; tr ở lực; chướng ngạihinterlands back country; inner part of a country; Op. foreland nội địa; hậu phươnghireling one who serves for hire (usually used contemptuously); one who works

solely for compensation; Ex. hireling politician

người đi làm thuê

hirsute hairy; having a lot of hair r ậm râu, r ậm lônghistrionic theatrical; excessively dramatic or emotional; affected; of actors or acting;

N. histrionics: histrionic behaviorđóng kịch; đạo đức giả 

hoard stockpile; accumulate for future use; N: supply stored for future use kho cất tr ữ; của dành dụm; tích tr ữ hoary white with age bạc, hoa râm; cổ kính; đáng kínhhoax trick which makes someone take action; practical joke; Ex. hoax mail; V. trò đánh lừa, chơi xỏ holocaust destruction by fire; Cf. burnt whole; Cf. Holocaust thiêu hàng loạt; huỷ diệt hàng loạtholster leather pistol case (that hangs on a belt around the waist) bao súng (bằng da)homage honor; tribute; great respect; Ex. pay/do homage to sự tôn kính, kính tr ọng; thần phụchomeostasis tendency of a system or organism to maintain relative stability or internal

equilibrium; Cf. homeo-: constant; Ex. homeothermxu hướng, có chiều hướng

homespun domestic; made at home; spun or woven at home; simple and ordinary; Ex.homespun philosophy

giản dị, chất phác, thô kệch; se ở nhà (vải sợi)

homily sermon; tedious moralizing lecture; serious warning; Adj. homiletic bài thuyết pháp; lí thuyết đạo đứcbuồn tẻ homogeneous of the same kind; uniform in composition throughout đồng nhấthone sharpen (a tool); N: whetstone for sharpening a tool mài (dao)hoodwink deceive; delude lừa bịp; bịt mắthorde crowd; swarm bầy người; bộ lạc; lũ, đámhortatory encouraging; exhortive; marked by exhortation; Cf. exhort khích lệ, cổ vũ horticultural pertaining to cultivation of gardens; N. horticulture: science or art of

cultivating fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants; Cf. agriculture: scienceor art of farming or growing crops

(thuộc) làm vườn, do làm vườnsản xuất ra

hovel shack; small wretched house túp lều nhỏ tồi tànhover hang about; (of birds or aircraft) stay in the air in one place; (of people) wait

nearby; stay around one place; waver; be in an uncertain statebay lượn; lởn vởn, lảng vảng; dodự 

hubbub confused uproar; loud noise; din ồn ào, huyên náo; tiếng hét xung

phong (trên chiến tr ường)hubris arrogance; excessive self-conceit kiêu căng, láo xượchue color; aspect; Ex. opinions of every hue màu sắchue and cry outcry; loud cry or clamor; strong protest; Ex. hue and cry against the new

ruletiếng kêu la (đuổi bắt, phản đối)

humane marked by kindness or consideration; kind and compassionate;humanitarian

nhân đạo; nhân văn

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humanitarian one devoted to the promotion of human welfare; Cf. humanism nhân đạo; người theo cn nhân đạohumdrum dull; monotonous nhàm chán; buồn tẻ humid damp, wet; N. humidity ẩm, ẩm ướthumility humbleness of spirit sự khiêm tốn, nhún nhườnghummock small hill; hillock gò, đốnghumus substance or rich soil formed by decaying vegetable matter; Cf. soil mùn, đất mùnhurtle crash; rush; move with great speed; Ex. hurtling runaway train va chạm mạnh; chuyển động rít

ầm ầm; đổ ầm xuốnghusband use sparingly; conserve; save; Ex. husband one's energy; Cf. house holder người chồng, người quản lí; tiết

kiệm, dành dụmhusbandry frugality; thrift; economy; agriculture; farming; Ex. animal husbandry; Cf.

husbandmannghề nông; sự quản lí trông nom

hybrid mongrel; mixed breed; V. hybridize cây lai, vật lai, người laihydrophobia fear of water; rabies chứng sợ nướchyperbole exaggeration; overstatement; Adj. hyperbolic: of hyperbole; of a hyperbola cường điệu; ngoa dụ hypercritical excessively exacting; too critical (without noticing good qualities) bắt bẻ; quá khắt khehypochondriac person unduly worried about his health; worrier without cause about illness;

 Adj. Cf. hypochondria: neurosis that one is or is becoming ill; Cf. abdomenngười lo lắng quá mức về sứckhoẻ, người mắc chứng nghi bệnh

hypocritical pretending to be virtuous; deceiving; N. hypocrisy: profession of beliefs onedoes not possess; Cf. hypocrite

đạo đức giả 

hypothetical based on assumptions or hypotheses; supposed; N. hypothesis giả thuyết

Iichthyology study of fish; Cf. ichthyo-: fish ngư họcicon (=ikon) religious image; idol; image or representation tượng, thần tượng; hoạ tiếticonoclastic attacking cherished traditions; N. iconoclast: one who attacks traditional

ideas; one who destroys sacred imagesbài tr ừ, đả phá tín ngưỡng lâu đời

ideology system of ideas characteristic of a group or culture hệ tư tưởng, ý thức hệ idiom expression whose meaning as a whole differs from the meanings of its

individual words; distinctive style (of expression); Ex. idiom of the modernpopular music; Adj. idiomatic

thành ngữ; cách biểu diễn, diễnđạt

idiosyncrasy individual trait usually odd in nature; behavioral peculiarity; eccentricity;attitude, behavior, or opinion peculiar to a person; anything highly individualor eccentric; Adj. idiosyncratic

đặc tính, khí chất; phong cáchriêng

idolatry worship of idols; excessive admiration or devotion; Adj. idolatrous sự sùng bái; thần tượngidyllic charmingly carefree; simple and happy; Ex. idyllic scene bình dị, đồng quê, thôn dãigneous produced by fire; of fire; volcanic; (of rocks) formed from lava; Ex. igneous

meteoritedo lửa tạo thành; có t/c lửa; tạonên từ nham thạch

ignite kindle; light; catch fire or set fire to đốt cháy; làm nóng chảyignoble unworthy; not noble; dishonorable; Ex. ignoble deed đê tiện; ô nhục, nhục nhãignominy deep disgrace; shame or dishonor; Adj. ignominious; Ex. ignominious defeat xấu xa, đê tiện, đáng khinh; nhục

nhã, ô nhụcillicit illegal trái phép, lậuillimitable infinite; limitless mênh mông, vô biênilluminate brighten; clear up or make understandable; enlighten; enable to understand;

Ex. illuminating remarkschiếu sáng, soi sáng; làm sáng tỏ (giải thích)

illusion misleading vision or visual image; false idea or belief; Cf. delusion ảo tưởng; ảo giácillusive deceiving; based on illusion; causing illusion; deceptive mắc lừa; hão huyền, viển vôngillusory illusive; deceptive; not real ko thực tế, hão huyềnimbalance lack of balance or symmetry; disproportion sự mất cân bằngimbibe drink in uống, nốc, hít; hấp thụ, tiêm nhiễmimbroglio complicated situation (as in a play); painful or complex misunderstanding

(as in a play); entanglement; confused mass (as of papers); V. embroil

hỗn độn, r ắc r ối; lộn xộn

imbue (=imbrue) saturate (soak thoroughly); fill; Ex. imbue someone with feelings nhúng; làm thấm đẫmimmaculate spotless; flawless; absolutely clean ko vết; tinh khiếtimminent impending; near at hand sắp xảy ra (điều xấu)immobility state of being immovable bất độngimmolate offer or kill as a sacrifice (by fire) cúng tế; hy sinhimmune resistant to; free or exempt from; N. immunity miễn khỏi; được miễnimmure imprison; shut up in confinement; Cf. wall cầm tù, giam hãmimmutable unchangeable kiên định, ko thay đổiimpair injure; hurt; damage làm suy yếu; làm hư hỏngimpale pierce (with a sharp point); Ex. impaled by the spear đâm qua, xuyên quaimpalpable imperceptible (not easily understood); intangible; Op. palpable: tangible;

easily perceptiblekhó sờ thấy; r ất nhỏ, mịn; khónhận thức; r ất tinh tế 

impartial not biased; fair; N. impartiality công bằng, vô tư 

impassable not able to be traveled or crossed không thể vượt quaimpasse predicament (dangerous condition) from which there is no escape; situation

allowing for no further progressngõ cụt; thế bế tắc

impassive without feeling; expressionless; imperturbable; stoical; Ex. impassive face bình thản; dửng dưngimpeach charge (a public official) with crime in office; raise doubts about; indict; Ex.

impeach a witness's credibilitygièm pha, buộc tội; tố cáo; chêtrách

impecunious without money túng thiếu

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impede hide; retard or obstruct the progress of; block ngăn tr ở impediment hindrance; stumbling-block; speech defect preventing clear articulation; Ex.

speech impedimenttr ở ngại; chướng ngại

impel drive or force onward; drive to take action; urge to action thúc ép, bắt buộcimpending nearing; approaching; about to happen điều sắp xảy đếnimpenetrable not able to be pierced or entered; beyond understanding; impossible to

understand; Ex. impenetrable mysteryko thể qua được, ko thể tiếp thu;ko thể xuyên thủng

impenitent not repentant không ăn năn hối hận, chứng nàotật ấy

imperative absolutely necessary; crucial; that must be done; critically important;expressing command; Ex. It is imperative that; N: something that must be

done

cấp bách, khẩn thiết; bắt buộc,cưỡng bách; có tính mệnh lệnh

imperceptible unnoticeable; impossible to perceive; undetectable ko thể cảm thấy, ko thể nhận thấyimperial like an emperor; related to an empire; Cf. imperialism (thuộc) hoàng đế, đế quốcimperious domineering; too commanding; haughty; Cf. imperial/emperor hống hách, độc đoán; khẩn cấp,

cấp báchimpermeable impervious; not permitting passage through its substance; impossible to

permeateko thấm nước

impertinent insolent; rude; not pertinent; N. impertinence xấc láo, xấc xượcimperturbable unshakably calm; placid điềm t ĩ nh; ko bối r ốiimpervious impenetrable; incapable of being damaged or distressed; incapable of being

affected (in one's opinions); Ex. impervious to water/criticismkhông thấm, không thấu

impetuous violent; hasty; rash; impulsive; without careful thought; Ex. impetuousdecision

mạnh mẽ, dữ dội; bốc, hăng

impetus moving force; momentum; force of a moving body; incentive; stimulus;impulse

sức xô tới, đẩy tới

impiety irreverence; lack of respect for God or piety sự ko tín ngưỡng; bất kính, bấthiếu

impinge infringe; encroach; influence; touch; collide with; Ex. The effects areimpinging on every aspect of our lives.

đụng chạm, tác động, vi phạm

impious irreverent nghịch đạo; bất hiếu, bất kínhimplacable incapable of being pacified; impossible to appease; Ex. implacable enemy không thể làm xiêu lòng; không thể 

làm nguôi đượcimplausible unlikely (to be true); unbelievable; Ex. implausible alibi ko có vẻ hợp lí, đáng ngờ implement put into effect; enforce; carry out; supply with tools; Ex. implement the

plan/suggestion; N: tool or instrumentcông cụ, phương tiện; thi hành; bổ sung

implication something hinted at or suggested; implying; implicating điều gợi ý, ẩn ýimplicit understood but not stated; implied; unquestioning and complete; Ex. implicit

trustngấm ngầm; ẩn

implode burst inward; Cf. vacuum tube nổ tung vào trongimplore beg cầu khẩn, van xinimply suggest a meaning not expressed; signify ngụ ý, ý nóiimpolitic (=unpolitic) not wise; not expedient; not politic ko chính tr ị; ko khôn ngoan; thất

sáchimponderable weightless; that cannot undergo precise evaluation; Cf. pound không có tr ọng lượng, không thể 

đo lường đượcimport significance; importance; meaning ý ngh ĩ a, nội dung; tầm quan tr ọngimportunate urging; always demanding; troublesomely urgent or persistent quấy r ầy, nài nỉ ; thúc báchimportune beg persistently; make repeated requests (in an annoying way) quấy r ầy, nhũng nhiễu; đòi daiimposture assuming a false identity; masquerade; Cf. impostor mạo danh; lừa đảoimpotent weak; ineffective; lacking in physical strength or power bất lực, yếu đuốiimprecation curse; swearword chửi r ủa; nguyền r ủa

impregnable invulnerable; impossible to capture or enter by force; Ex. impregnablefort/argument; Cf. take vững chắc, không thể đánh chiếmđượcimpromptu without previous preparation; off the cuff (end of a sleeve); on the spur of

the momentứng khẩu

impropriety improperness; unsuitableness ko thích hợp; sai lầm; ko lịch sự improvident thriftless; not providing for the future không biết lo xa, hoang tàng

phung phíimprovise compose on the spur of the moment ứng khẩu; ứng biếnimprudent lacking caution; not prudent; injudicious ko thận tr ọng, khinh suấtimpudence impertinence; insolence tr ơ tráo, tr ơ tr ẽn; láo xượcimpugn dispute or contradict (often in an insulting way); attack as false or

questionable; challenge; gainsay; Cf. fightcông kích, bài bác

impuissance powerlessness; feebleness yếu ớt; bất lựcimpunity freedom from punishment or harm; Cf. punish miễn phạt; không bị thiệt hại

impute attribute; ascribe; charge; N. imputation đổ tội cho, quy tội choinadvertently unintentionally; by oversight; carelessly tình cờ; không cố ýinalienable not to be taken away; nontransferable; Ex. inalienable rights không thể chuyển nhượnginane silly; senseless; Ex. inane remarks; N. inanity ngu ngốc; vô ngh ĩ a; tr ống r ỗnginanimate lifeless; not animate vô sinh; thiếu sinh khíinarticulate speechless; producing indistinct speech; not articulate; not expressing

oneself clearlykhông được nói ra; không rõ ràng

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inaugurate begin formally; install in office; induct into office by a formal ceremony; N.inauguration; Adj. inaugural

khai mạc, mở đầu; cho thi hành;tấn phong, nhậm chức

incandescent strikingly bright; shining with intense heat; emitting visible light when heated;Ex. incandescent light bulb; Cf. candle

nóng sáng, chói sáng; sáng r ực

incantation singing or chanting of magic spells; magical formula; (the saying of) wordsused in magic; Cf. enchant

câu thần chú; bùa, ngải; niệm thầnchú

incapacitate disable; N. incapacity: lack of capacity làm bất lực, mất tư cáchincarcerate imprison giam hãmincarnate endowed with flesh; invested with bodily form; personified; Ex. devil

incarnate; V: give bodily form to; embodyhiện thân; hoá thân; hồng tươi,màu thịt tươi

incarnation act of assuming a human body and human nature; one who personifies

something; personification; Ex. previous incarnation/reincarnation

tạo hình hài cụ thể; hiện thân; kiếp

ngườiincendiary arsonist; Adj: causing fire; of arson; Ex. incendiary bomb đốt cháy; gây bạo động, kích động;

khêu gợiincense enrage; infuriate (make furious); make extremely angry; outrage; N:

aromatic substance burned to produce a pleasant odorlàm tức giận

incentive spur; motive; something which encourages one to greater activity khích lệ, thúc đẩyinception start; beginning khởi đầu; bắt đầuincessant uninterrupted; unceasing liên miên, không ngừnginchoate (of desire, wish, plan) recently begun; not explicit; at the beginning of

development; rudimentary; elementary; Ex. inchoate massmới bắt đầu, phôi thai; lộn xộn,hỗn mang

incidence rate of occurrence; particular occurrence; Ex. high incidence of infantmortality

tác động vào; phạm vi ảnh hưởng;tỉ  lệ xảy ra

incidental not essential; minor; N: something incidental ngẫu nhiên, bất ngờ; phụ incipient beginning; in an early stage chớm nở; phôi thaiincisive (appreciatively) cutting; sharp; Ex. incisive remarks; V. incise: make a cut

intosắc bén; sắc sảo, sâu sắc

incite arouse to action; goad; motivate; induce to exist; Ex. incite a riot/the crowdto rebellion

khuyến khích; kích động, xúi giục

inclement stormy; unkind; unmerciful; Cf. clement khắc nghiệt; hà khắcincline slope; slant; Ex. steep incline mặt nghiêng; chỗ dốc; cúi xuống;

có ý sẵn sànginclined tending or leaning toward; bent; V. incline: slant; dispose; be disposed; tend thiên hướng; xu hướnginclusive tending to include all; all-inclusive; Ex. inclusive charge gồm cả; tính toàn bộ incognito with identity concealed; using an assumed name; Adj. dấu tên, tên giả incoherent unintelligible; muddled; unable to express one's thoughts in an orderly

manner; illogical; lacking cohesion; not coherentko mạch lạc; nói nhảm; tạp nham

incommodious not spacious; inconvenient khó chịu; chật chộiincompatible inharmonious; N. incompatibility +with ko hợp với; xung khắcincongruity (=incongruousness/incongruence) lack of harmony; absurdity; Adj.

incongruous: lacking in harmony; inappropriatekhông hợp nhau; phi lí

inconsequential insignificant; unimportant không hợp lí; vụn vặt, tầm thườnginconsistency state of being self-contradictory; lack of uniformity or steadiness; Adj.

inconsistent: displaying a lack of consistency; erratic; contradictory;incompatible

mâu thuẫn

incontinent lacking self-restraint; not continent; licentious ko kiềm chế; hoang dâm vô độ incontrovertible indisputable; impossible to dispute; not open to question; unquestionable ko thể bàn cãi; hiển nhiênincorporate introduce something into a larger whole; include; embody; give material

form to; Adj.kết hợp; tổ chức

incorporeal without a material body; insubstantial vô hình, (thuộc) thần linh; khôngcụ thể 

incorrigible uncorrectable ko thể sửa đượcincredulous withholding belief; skeptical; showing disbelief; N. incredulity hoài nghi, ngờ vựcincriminate accuse of or implicate in a crime; serve as evidence against; cause to seem

or make guilty of a crime; Ex. incriminating evidenceđổ tội cho, quy trách nhiệm

incrustation hard coating or crust; V. incrust: encrust; cover with a crust khảm, nạm (trai, ngọc)incubate hatch; warm (eggs) with the body to promote hatching; maintain at optimal

environment conditions for development; be holding in one's body aninfection which is going to develop into a disease; N. incubation; Cf.incubation: disease

ấp (tr ứng); ủ (bệnh)

incubus burden; very worrying problem; mental care; nightmare; male devil; Cf.succubus

bóng đè; cơn ác mộng

inculcate teach (ideas or principles); instill ghi nhớ, khắc sâuincumbent obligatory; imposed as an obligation; currently holding an office; N: person

who holds an officelà phận sự; phía trên, đè lên

incur bring upon oneself chịu, gánh, mắc, bị 

incursion temporary invasion; Cf. excursion: short journey xâm nhậpindefatigable tireless; untiring; showing no sign of getting tired ko biết mỏi mệtindelible not able to be erased không thể tẩy sạchindemnify make secure against damage or loss; compensate for damage or loss; Cf.

make uninjuredbồi thường, đền bù; đảm bảo

indentation notch; deep recess; V. indent; Cf. tooth làm lõm vào; vết lõm, chỗ thụt vàoindenture bind as servant or apprentice to master; bind by indenture; N: contract bảng giao kèo; khế ước

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binding one party into the service of another for a specified time (asbetween an apprentice and his master)

indeterminate uncertain; not clearly fixed; indefinite không xác định đượcindicative suggestive; implying; serving to indicate ngụ ý, biểu lộ indices signs; indications; Ex. indices of a student's potential; Cf. index: something

that reveals or indicates; sign; Ex. cost-of-living indexdấu hiệu, biểu thị 

indifferent unmoved or unconcerned by; having no interest in; mediocre; neither goodnor bad

lãnh đạm; dửng dưng

indigence poverty; Adj. indigent sự nghèo khổ, bần cùngindigenous native; Ex. plant indigenous to the New World bản xứ indignation anger at an injustice; Ex. righteous indignation; Adj. indignant căm phẫn, phẫn nộ 

indignity treatment or situation that causes shame or loss of dignity, respect;offensive or insulting treatment; humiliating or degrading treatment; Ex. Isuffered the indignity of having to say that in front of them.

sự sỉ  nhục, làm nhục

indiscriminate choosing at random; confused; not based on careful distinctions ko phân biệt; bừa bãiindisputable too certain to be disputed; beyond doubt không thể bàn cãiindissoluble permanent; impossible to dissolve or disintegrate ko thể hoà tan; ko thể chia cắt; bền

vữngindite write; compose viết; sáng tácindolent lazy lười biếngindubitable unable to be doubted; which cannot be doubted; unquestionable rõ ràng, không thể nghi ngờ induce persuade; lead to do something; bring about; N. inducement xui khiến, gây raindulgent humoring; yielding; lenient; showing indulgence hay nuông chiều; bao dungindustrious diligent; hard-working; N. industry cần cù, siêng nănginebriated habitually intoxicated; drunk; N. inebriety say r ượu; say sưa, mê mẩnineffable unutterable; not to be uttered; taboo; that cannot be expressed in speech;

indescribable; unspeakable; inexpressible; Ex. ineffable name/joykhông tả được, không thể nói rađược

ineffectual not effective; not having a desired effect; weak ko hiệu quả; bất lực; vô íchineluctable irresistible; not to be escaped; unavoidable ko thể tránh khỏiinept unsuited; inappropriate; lacking skill; incompetent; Cf. inapt: (of statements

or ideas) inappropriatelạc lõng; vớ vẩn; ko có khả năngthích hợp

inequity unfairness; Adj. inequitable ko công bằnginerrancy infallibility ko thể sai lầm đượcinert inactive; lacking power to move; unable to move or act; Ex. chemically inert;

N. inertia: state of being inert; force which keeps a thing in the position orstate

tr ơ; trì tr ệ, chậm chạp

inevitable unavoidable không thể tránh đượcinexorable relentless; unyielding; implacable; not capable of being changed by entreaty

or efforts; Ex. inexorable price rises

ko lay chuyển, ko mủi lòng

infallible unerring; never making mistakes ko thể sai lầm được, ko thể hỏnginfamous notoriously bad; notorious; well known for being bad; Ex. infamous

behavior; N: infamy: infamous act; evil fame or reputationô nhục, bỉ  ổi; nổi tiếng xấu, khéttiếng

infantile childish; infantlike tr ẻ con, còn tr ứng nước; ấu tr  ĩ  infer deduce; conclude; N. inference suy ra, suy luậninfernal pertaining to hell; devilish; N. inferno: place of fiery heat or destruction địa ngụcinfidel unbeliever (with respect to a particular religion) người không theo đạoinfiltrate pass into or through; penetrate or enter (an organization) sneakily; Ex.

infiltrate the troops into enemy territory; Cf. infiltratorr ỉ  qua, thâm nhập; thâm nhiễm

infinitesimal very small r ất nhỏ; vi phâninfirmity weakness yếu đuối, ốm yếuinflated exaggerated; pompous; enlarged (with air or gas) tự mãn, vênh váo, khoa tr ươnginflux flowing into sự chảy vào, cửa sông

infraction violation (of a rule or regulation); breach vi phạm luậtinfringe violate (a law); encroach (the right of another person) vi phạm, xâm phạmingenious marked by inventive skill; clever; resourceful; N. ingenuity khéo léo; mưu tríingenuous naive and trusting; young; unsophisticated; candid chân thật, ngây thơ ingrained deeply established; firmly rooted; Ex. ingrained dirt/prejudice ăn sâu, thâm căn cố đế ingrate ungrateful person (not expressing thanks) kẻ vô ơn bạc ngh ĩ aingratiate become popular with; bring (oneself) in favor of another; Ex. ingratiate

himself with the bosslàm cho được cảm mến

inherent firmly established by nature or habit; intrinsic vốn có, cố hữu; thuộc về inhibit restrain; prohibit; retard or prevent; N. inhibition ngăn chặn, hạn chế; ức chế inimical (of someone) unfriendly; hostile; (of something) harmful; detrimental; Cf.

enemythù địch, độc hại

inimitable matchless; not able to be imitated ko thể bắt chước đượciniquitous wicked; immoral; unrighteous; N. iniquity; Ex. den of iniquity trái với đạo lí; tội lỗi

initiate begin; originate; receive into a group; introduce to a new field or activity; Ex.initiate someone into the mysteries of a secret religion; N: one who hasbeen initiated

bắt đầu, khởi đầu

inject (v) to introduce, as a fluid, by injection tiêm; xen vàoinjurious harmful; causing injury gây tổn thương; có hạiinkling hint; slight indication lời gợi ý xa xôi, sự hiểu biết qua

loa

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innate inborn bẩm sinhinnocuous harmless ko độc, vô hại; tẻ nhạtinnovation change; something newly introduced; introduction of something new; V.

innovate: begin or introduce (something new); be creative; Adj. innovativesự đổi mới, cách tân

innuendo indirect or subtle (derogatory) hint; insinuation; Ex. sexual innuendo lời ám chỉ , lời nói bóng gióinopportune untimely; inappropriate or ill-timed; poorly chosen ko thích hợp; lạc lõnginordinate beyond reasonable limits; unrestrained; excessive; Ex. inordinate demands quá mức, quá quắt; thất thườnginquisitor questioner (especially harsh); investigator; person making an inquisition người điều tra, dò hỏiinsalubrious unwholesome; not healthful; Ex. insalubrious place độc, có hại cho sức khoẻ insatiable not easily satisfied; unquenchable; Ex. insatiable appetite tham lam vô độ inscrutable difficult to understand; impenetrable; not readily understood; mysterious khó hiểu; bí hiểm; ko dò đượcinsensate without feeling; lacking sense; foolish vô tri vô giác; ko cảm xúc, nhẫn

tâm; r ồ dạiinsensible unconscious; unresponsive; insensitive; unaware; imperceptible; Ex.

insensible of his danger/to pain; Ex. insensible change; Cf. not the oppositeof sensible

bất tỉ nh, mê; ko biết, ko cảm thấy

insightful discerning; perceptive sâu sắc; sáng suốtinsinuate hint; imply; suggest indirectly; creep in; introduce or insert (oneself) by artful

means; Ex. insinuate himself into the boss's favor; Cf. ingratiatebóng gió; luồn lọt

insipid lacking in flavor; lacking interest; dull; Ex. insipid food/character vô vị, nhạt nhẽoinsolence impudent disrespect; haughtiness; Adj. insolent; Cf. haughty + rude sự xấc láo, láo xượcinsolvent bankrupt; lacking money to pay; N. insolvency ko tr ả được nợ insomnia wakefulness; inability to sleep chứng mất ngủ insouciant without concern or care; unconcerned; indifferent ko lo ngh ĩ , vô tâminspire Stimulate; influent gây cảm hứnginstigate start; urge; provoke; incite; Ex. instigate a search/quarrel xúi giục, xúi bẩy; là chủ mưu của...insubordination disobedience; rebelliousness; Adj. insubordinate sự bất phục tùnginsubstantial lacking substance; insignificant; frail; immaterial không có thựcinsularity narrow-mindedness; isolation; Adj. insular: of an island; isolated; narrow-

minded; Cf. peninsulacô lập; hẹp hòi

insuperable insurmountable; unbeatable; Ex. insuperable difficulties ko thể vượt qua được, ko thể khắcphục, ko thể hơn

insurgent rebellious; N. nổi dậy, nổi loạninsurmountable overwhelming; unbeatable; insuperable vô địch, ko thể đánh bạiinsurrection rebellion; uprising nổi dậy, khởi ngh ĩ aintangible not able to be perceived by touch; vague ko sờ thấy được, ko hiểu được;

mơ hồ integral complete; necessary for completeness; Ex. integral part toàn bộ; cần thiết cho tr ọn vẹn

integrate make whole; combine; make into one unit hợp nhất; hoà nhập, hội nhậpinter bury; N. interment chôn cất, mai tánginterdict prohibit; forbid; N. cấm; khai tr ừ (tôn giáo)interim meantime; Ex. in the interim; Adj. taking place during an interim; Ex. interim

papert/g chuyển tiếp; tạm thời, lâm thời

interloper intruder; one who interferes người xâm phạm quyền lợi củangười khác; người dính mũi vàochuyện người khác

interminable endless ko cùng, vô tận; dài dòngintermittent periodic; on and off; stopping and starting at intervals gián đoạn; từng cơn; tr ục tr ặcinternecine mutually destructive tàn sátinterpolate insert between tự ý thêm từ vào (văn kiện); nội

suyinterregnum period between two successive reigns or governments lúc tạm ngưng; thời kì ko có ai

đứng đầuinterrogate question closely; cross-examine; cross-question hỏi dò; thẩm vấn, chất vấnintervene come between; interfere; Ex. intervened to prevent a fight; N. intervention xen vào, can thiệpintimate hint; suggest; imply; Adj: marked by close relationship; familiar; private;

personal; Ex. intimate knowledge/thoughts in the diary; N: close friend orconfidant; Cf. intimacy

thân mật, thân thiết; sâu sắc (tìnhcảm); người thân; báo tr ước, gợi ý

intimidate frighten; N. intimidation doạ dẫmintractable unruly; difficult to manage; Ex. intractable problem/child cứng đầu; khó bảointransigence (=intransigeancy) refusal of any compromise; stubbornness; Adj.

intransigent: uncompromisingko khoan nhượng

intrepid fearless gan dạ intrinsic essential; inherent; built-in bản chất; ở bên trongintrospective looking within oneself; N. introspection: self-examination hay tự xem xét nội tâmintrovert one who is introspective or inclined to think more about oneself; Adj.

introverted

thu mình, nhút nhát

intrude put or force in without being asked; trespass; enter as an uninvited person;Ex. intrude one's own opinion into the report; Cf. thrust in

ấn bừa, đưa bừa, bắt phải chịu;xâm nhập, ko mời mà đến

intuition immediate insight; power of knowing without reasoning; Adj. intuitive; V.intuit: know by intuition

tr ực giác; khả năng tr ực giác

inundate flood; overflow; submerge; cover completely; Ex. inundated with work tràn ngậpinured accustomed; hardened; Ex. inured to the Alaskan cold; V. inure: make used tập cho quen

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to something undesirable; harden; Cf. unfeelinginvective (n) abuse lời công kích; lời chửi r ủa, thoá mạ inveigh denounce; utter censure or invective; Ex. inveigh against the evils of drink công kích, đả kích; phản kháng

kịch liệtinveigle deceive; lead astray by deception; wheedle (cajole); Ex. inveigle her into

 joining the club; Cf. interest dishonestlydụ dỗ, tán tỉ nh

inverse opposite ngược lại; nghịch đảoinvert turn upside down or inside out; reverse the position or condition of đảo ngược; lộn ngượcinveterate deep-rooted; habitual; Cf. grow old thâm căn cố đế, ăn sâuinvidious designed to create ill will or envy; tending to rouse ill will or envy; Ex.

invidious comparisongây ác cảm; xúc phạm đến tự ái

invincible unconquerable vô địch, ko thể bị đánh bạiinvoke call and bring into use (a right or law); call on/upon (a higher power or god)

for help; ask for; beg for; conjure (a spirit); Ex. invoke the veto power; Ex.invoke one's advisor/God; N. invocation

cầu khẩn; dẫn chứng

invulnerable incapable of injury; impossible to damage or injure ko thể bị thương, ko thể bị tấncông

iota very small quantity tí ti, mảy mayirascible irritable; easily angered nóng nảy, cáu kỉ nhirate angry; Cf. ire: anger; wrath nổi giận, giận dữ iridescent exhibiting rainbowlike colors; Ex. iridescent oil slick; N. iridescence lóng lánh ngũ sắcirksome annoying; tedious; V. irk: annoy tẻ nhạt, gây cảm giác khó chịuirony hidden sarcasm or satire; use of words that seem to mean the opposite of

what they actually mean; use of words to convey the opposite of their literalmeaning; Adj. ironic

sự mỉ a mai, châm biếm; sự tr ớ trêu

irreconcilable impossible to reconcile; incompatible; not able to be resolved ko thể hoà hợp, ko thể hoà giảiirrelevant not applicable; unrelated ko thích đáng, ko liên quanirremediable incurable; uncorrectable; impossible to remedy ko thể chữa được, ko sửa đượcirreparable not able to be corrected or repaired; impossible to repair ko thể đền bù, ko thể sửairrepressible unable to be restrained or held back; impossible to hold back ko thể kìm được, ko nén đượcirreproachable beyond reproach; blameless; impeccable; Ex. irreproachable conduct ko thể chê trách đượcirresolute uncertain how to act; weak; lacking in resolution; indecisive; N. irresolution do dự; phân vânirretrievable impossible to recover or regain; Cf. retrieve ko thể cứu vãn, ko thể bù đắpirreverence lack of proper respect or reverence; Adj. irreverent bất kínhirrevocable unalterable; irreversible; impossible to revoke ko thể bãi bỏ/thay đổi/thu hồiisotope varying from of an element chất đồng vị isthmus narrow neck of land connecting two larger bodies of land eo đất; (giải phẫu) eoitinerant wandering; traveling from place to place (to perform work); Ex. itinerant

preacher

lưu động

itinerary plan of a trip; record of a trip kế hoạch hay ghi chép hành trình

J jabber chatter rapidly or unintelligibly nói liến thoắng, nói huyên thuyên;

nói lúng búng, nói ko mạch lạc jaded tired or uninterested by surfeit; fatigued; surfeited; worn out; wearied; Ex.

 jaded appetitemệt mỏi, kiệt sức; chán ngấy

 jargon language used by special group; technical terminology; gibberish;nonsensical or incoherent talk

tiếng nói khó hiểu; biệt ngữ; nói lắp

 jaundiced yellowed; prejudiced (envious, hostile, or resentful) from long anddisappointing experience of human affairs; Ex. with a jaundiced eye

mắc bệnh vàng da; bệnh vàng da

 jaunt trip; short journey cuộc đi chơi jaunty cheerful and pleased with life; lighthearted; animated; easy and carefree;

dapper in appearance; Ex. jaunty person/hat

vui nhộn; tự mãn, khoái chí; thong

dong jeopardize endanger; imperil; put at risk; N. jeopardy: danger liều, gây nguy hiểm jettison throw overboard (from a ship or plane) vứt hàng xuống biển cho nhẹ tàu,

vứt ra khỏi máy bay jibe agree; be in harmony with; gibe phù hợp, đi đôi với nhau jingoist extremely aggressive and militant patriot; warlike chauvinist; N. jingoism:

extreme nationalismhiếu chiến

 jocose given to (having a tendency of) joking hài hước; đùa bỡn jocular said or done in jest or playfully; marked by joking vui vẻ, hài hước jocund merry vui vẻ, vui tươi jollity gaiety; cheerfulness; Adj. jolly: merry; gay vui vẻ, vui nhộn jostle shove; bump; push against (someone) rather roughly; Ex. jostled by the

crowdschen lấn, xô đẩy

 jovial good-natured; merry; cheerful vui vẻ, vui tính

 jubilation rejoicing; great joy vui mừng, vui sướng judicious sound on judgment; wise sáng suốt; thận tr ọng juggernaut irresistible crushing force; overwhelming advancing force that crushes

everything in its pathlực lượng khủng khiếp đi đến đâulà tàn phá; hy sinh mù quáng

 juncture crisis; point in time; joining point; joint; act of joining tình hình, thời cơ; mối nối junket trip especially one taken for pleasure by an official at public expense cuộc chơi vui (do quỹ chung) junta group of persons joined in political intrigue; cabal; group of military officers hội đồng tư vấn; uỷ ban hành

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ruling a country after seizing power (by force) chính; tập đoàn jurisprudence science of law luật học, luật khoa juxtapose place side by side; Cf. next để cạnh nhau, để kề nhau

Kkaleidoscope tube in which patterns made by the reflection in mirrors of colored pieces of

glass, etc. produce interesting symmetrical effects; series of changingevents; Ex. kaleidoscope of European history; Cf. beautiful

kính vạn hoa; cảnh nhiều màu sắcbiến ảo

ken range of knowledge; Ex. beyond one's ken phạm vi hiểu biết, tầm mắtkernel central or vital part; core; whole seed (as of corn) nhân, hạt; bộ phận nòng cốtkilljoy grouch; spoilsport; one who intentionally spoils the pleasure of others kẻ phá đám

kindle start a fire; ignite; inspire; arouse đốt, nhóm lửa; nhen lên, khơi dậykindred related; belonging to the same group; similar in nature or character; Ex.

kindred languages; N: relative; kin; kinshipbà con, họ hàng; giống nhau về tính tình; cùng nguồn gốc

kinetic producing motion; of motion động lựckismet fate; destiny; Ex. Kismet is the Arabic word for fate. số phận, số mệnhkleptomaniac person who has a compulsive desire to steal kẻ ăn cắp vặt, kẻ tắt mắtknave untrustworthy person; rogue; scoundrel; jack; N. knavery kẻ bất lương, kẻ đểu giả knead mix; work dough; mix and work into a uniform mass (with the hands); Ex.

knead doughtr ộn lẫn; đấm bóp, tẩm quất

knell tolling of a bell especially to indicate a funeral, disaster, etc.; sound of thefuneral bell; V.

hồi chuông báo tử; điểm tận số;kêu lên ai oán

knit contract into wrinkles; grow together; join together closely; make (a fabric orgarment) by intertwining yarn or thread; Ex. knit the brow; Ex. The bonesshould knit together in a few weeks.

đan (len, sợi); liên kết chặt chẽ,ràng buộc chặt chẽ 

knoll little round hill; hillock gò, đồi nhỏ knotty intricate; difficult; tangled; Cf. knot r ắc r ối, khó khăn, nan giảikudos honor; glory; acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement tiếng tăm, danh tiếng

Llabile likely to change; unstable; Ex. emotionally labile; N. labiality dễ r ơi, dễ biến, dễ huỷ; ko ổn địnhlaborious demanding much work or care; tedious cần cù; khó nhọc, gian khổ labyrinth maze mê cung, mê hồn tr ận; sự r ắc r ối

phức tạplaceration torn ragged wound; V. lacerate: tear (the skin as with broken glass); wound vết rách; sự xé ráchlachrymose producing tears; tearful hay khóc; sướt mướt, sụt sùilackadaisical lacking interest or effort; lacking purpose or zest; lazy; halfhearted; languid yếu đuối, uỷ mị; đa sầu đa cảmlackluster lacking luster (shine; gloss); dull lờ đờ, ko sáng

laconic brief and to the point; using few words; terse gọn gàng, súc tíchlaggard slow; sluggish; N: one who lags; straggler chậm chạp; lạc hậulagoon shallow body of water or lake near a sea; lake separated from a sea by

sandbars or coral reefs(địa lí) phá

laity laypersons; laymen; persons not connected with the clergy người thế tục; người ko cùngngành nghề 

lament grieve; express sorrow; N. lamentation than vãn, rên r ỉ  lampoon ridicule; N: written attack ridiculing or satirizing a person, group, or institution đả kích; bài báclancet small surgical tool for making incisions lưỡi trích; vòm đỉ nh nhọnlanguid lacking energy or vitality; weary; sluggish; listless uể oải, lờ đờ languish lose animation or strength tiều tuỵ; úa tàn, suy giảm; mòn mỏilanguor lack of physical or mental energy; lassitude; depression sự suy nhược; bạc nhược; thiếu

sinh khílank long and thin; Ex. Lank, gaunt, Abraham Lincoln gầy gò

lap (v) take in food or drink with one's tongue; splash gently; Ex. waves lappingthe shore; N: front area from the waist to the knees of a seated person liếm, tợp (bằng lưỡi); vỗ bập bềnh(sóng)larceny theft; Ex. petit larceny sự ăn cắplarder pantry; place where food is kept chạn, tủ đựng thức ănlargess generous gift (given to people who do not have enough) của bố thí, làm phúclascivious lustful dâm dật, dâm đãng; khiêu dâmlassitude languor; weariness; listlessness mệt nhọc, uể oảilatent present but not yet noticeable or active; dormant; hidden; N. latency; Cf.

potentialngấm ngầm, âm ỉ  

lateral of or coming from the side ở bên, phần bênlatitude freedom from narrow limitations quyền r ộng rãilaud praise; N. Adj. laudable: praiseworthy; Adj. laudatory: expressing praise tán dương, ca ngợilavish liberal; wasteful; generous or wasteful in giving or using; abundant; profuse;

great; Ex. decorated lavishly; V. give in abundancephung phí; quá nhiều; cho nhiều

lax careless; negligent; not paying enough attention; Ex. lax service lỏng lẻo, ko chặt chẽ lean (adj) thin; lacking of in fat (meat, often beef) gầy còm; đói kémleaven add leaven to; cause to rise or grow lighter; enliven; N: agent, such as

yeast, that causes dough to rise (by fermentation); element that lightens orenlivens

làm cho bột nở; làm sôi nổi

lechery gross lewdness; lustfulness; Adj. lecherous; N. lecher: lecherous man sự phóng đãng, sự dâm đãnglectern reading desk or stand for a public speaker bục giảng kinh; bục diễn thuyết

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leery (of someone) suspicious; wary; cautious ranh mãnh, láu cáleeway room to move; margin; latitude; Ex. leeway for the deadline việc làm chậm tr ễ, sự mất thời gianlegacy gift made by a will; something handed down from an ancestor tài sản kế thừa, gia tài, di sảnlegend explanatory list of symbols on a map lời ghi chú, câu chú giảilegerdemain sleight (dexterity) of hand; Cf. light of hand trò lộn sòng; trò ảo thuật; lừa

phỉ nh; nhanh taylegitimate (adj) having the sanction of law or established custom. hợp pháp; chính đángleonine like a lion thuộc sư tử, giống sư tử lethal deadly làm chết ngườilethargic drowsy; dull; N. lethargy: state of sluggishness and inactivity (y) ngủ lịm; lờ phờ levee earthen or stone embankment to prevent flooding; Cf. raise con đêlevitate rise and float in the air (especially by magical means); Cf. light bay lên, làm bay lênlevity lack of seriousness or steadiness; frivolity; lightness of manner khinh suất; coi nhẹ levy impose (a fine); collect (a payment); impose or collect (a tax); Ex. levy a tax

on tobaccothu thuế; tuyển quân

lewd lustful dâm dục, dâm dậtlexicographer compiler of a dictionary; Cf. lexicography: work of compiling a dictionary nhà từ điển học, người biên soạn

từ điểnlexicon dictionary từ điển; thuật ngữ, từ vựngliability drawback; handicap; debts; obligation; responsibility; condition of being

liable; Adj. liable: likely; responsible (for paying)khoản phải tr ả; trách nhiệm pháp lí

liaison contact that keeps parties in communication; communication betweengroups; one that maintains communication; go-between; secret love affair;V. liaise: keep a connection

sự liên lạc; quan hệ bất chính(nam nữ)

libel defamatory written statement; act of writing something that smears aperson's character; V. Adj. libelous

phỉ  báng; bôi nhọ 

libertine debauched person; dissolute or licentious person; Cf. free người phóng đãng; người tự do tư tưởng

libidinous lustful dâm đãng; dâm dụclibido psychic and emotional energy or urges behind human activity; sexual desire dục tình, sức sống, sinh lựclibretto text of an opera or oratorio; Cf. book lời nhạc kịchlicentious amoral; lewd and lascivious; unrestrained phóng túng, dâm đãnglien legal claim or right on a property quyền cho phép chủ nợ nắm giữ 

vật thế chấp đến khi con nợ thanhtoán hết nợ 

ligneous like wood chất gỗ, bằng gỗ lilliputian extremely small; Cf. Lilliput in Gulliver's Travels siêu nhỏ limber flexible; supple; pliable; V. mềm dẻo, linh hoạt; đầu xe

limbo region near heaven or hell where certain souls are kept; prison (slang); Ex.Purgatory and Limbo sự quên lãng, sự bỏ quên; nhà tù,chốn lao tùlimn draw; outline; describe; Cf. line vẽ limpid crystal clear trong tr ẻo, sáng sủalineage descent; ancestry nòi giống, dòng dõilineaments features especially of the face; distinctive shape or contour of the face; Cf.

linenét đặc tr ưng

linguistic pertaining to language thuộc ngôn ngữ listless lacking in spirit or energy; languid bơ phờ; lờ phờ litany supplicatory prayer; prayer in which the priest calls out and the people

replies in the same wordskinh cầu nguyện

lithe flexible; supple; Cf. limber mềm mại, dễ uốn; yểu điệulitigation lawsuit; N. litigant: one party in a lawsuit; V. litigate kiện tụng, tranh chấplitotes understatement for emphasis; Ex. "not bad (=pretty good)" cách nói giảm

livid lead-colored; black and blue (as from a bruise); ashen; enraged; extremelyangry màu chì, xám xanh, bầm tím, thâmtím; cáu tiết, giận tím ganloath (=loth) reluctant; unwilling; disinclined; Ex. Romeo and Juliet were both

loath for him to gomiễn cưỡng

loathe detest; Adj. loathsome: arousing loathing; offensive; Ex. loathsome smell ghê tởm, kinh tởm, ghétlode metal-bearing vein (long deposit of an ore) mạch mỏ (quặng)lofty very high cao ngất, sừng sữnglog record of a voyage or flight; record of day-to-day activities; section of a

trunk; V.nhật kí hàng hải, sổ lộ trình; khúcgỗ 

loiter hang about/around; stand idly about; linger đi tha thẩn; chơi rông; lảng vảngloll lounge about đi thơ thẩn, quanh quẩnlongevity long life; long duration sống lâu; tr ường thọ loom appear or take shape (usually in an enlarged, indistinct, or distorted form);

Ex. The shadow of the gallows loomed threateningly. N: apparatus for

making thread into cloth

khung cửi; bóng lờ mờ, bóng lù lù;hiện ra lù lù

lope gallop slowly chạy, nhảy cẫng lênloquacious talkative; N. loquacity nói nhiều, ba hoa; líu lo, ríu rítlow moo; make the sound of a cow tiếng r ống (trâu bò)lucid easily understood; clear; intelligible; N. lucidity sáng sủa, minh bạch, dễ hiểulucrative profitable; producing wealth; N. lucre: money, profit có lợi, sinh lợiludicrous laughable; ridiculous; trifling buồn cười; lố bịch

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lugubrious mournful; sorrowful sầu thảm, bi thảmlull moment of calm; period of reduced activity; Ex. a lull in the rain; V: cause to

become less active; cause to sleep or rest; Ex. lull the opponents into afalse sense of security; Cf. lullaby

yên t ĩ nh, t/g tạm lắng, ru ngủ 

lumber (v) move heavily or clumsily; Ex. The bear lumbered through the woods kéo lê ầm ầm, lết ì ạchlumen unit of light energy (one candle's worth) lumen (đơn vị quang năng)luminary celebrity (in a specific field); dignitary; object that gives light (as a celestial

body)danh nhân; vật phát sáng

luminous shining (esp. in the dark); issuing light; Ex. luminous paint/road signs dạ quang; minh bạchlunar pertaining to the moon thuộc mặt tr ănglure decoy or bait; V. nhử mồi, quyến r ũ 

lurid wild; sensational; graphic; gruesome; horrible; Ex. lurid details of the murder xanh nhợt, tái mét; ghê gớm,khủng khiếp

lurk stealthily lie in waiting; slink; exist unperceived ẩn nấp; núp, tr ốnluscious pleasing to taste or smell; delicious thơm ngon, gợi khoái cảmluster shine; gloss (of a polished surface) ánh sáng r ực r ỡ, vẻ đẹp lộng lẫylustrous shining; brilliant; Ex. lustrous hair bóng láng, r ực r ỡ, chói loàluxuriant abundant; growing healthily and in large amounts; excessively ornate; rich

and splendid; fertile; Ex. luxuriant forests/prose; Cf. luxurious, luxuriatesum sê; phong phú; phồn thịnh;hoa m ĩ  

Mmacabre gruesome; grisly; ghastly; Cf. of death rùng r ợn, khủng khiếpmace ceremonial staff used as a symbol of authority; clublike medieval weapon tr ượng, gậy quyền; gậy chuỳ macerate soften by soaking in liquid; waste away; Ex. macerate powdered wood to

make paperthấm đẫm; ẩm ướt; làm kiệt quệ 

Machiavellian crafty; double-dealing; of the political doctrine of Machiavelli, which holdsthat craft and deceit are justified in pursuing political power

láu cá, xảo quyệt, nham hiểm

machinations evil schemes or plots; schemes or plots to achieve an evil end; V. machinate âm mưu; mưu toanmaculated spotted; stained; Cf. immaculate đầy vết, đầy chấm, vấy bẩnmadrigal pastoral song; song for several singers without instruments thơ tình ngắn; ca khúc Madriganmaelstrom violent whirlpool; violent or turbulent situation; Cf. stream r ối loạn; chỗ nước xoáymagisterial authoritative; imperious; commanding; of a magistrate; Ex. magisterial study

of Roman law; Ex. magisterial mannerthầy, quan toà; quyền uy, háchdịch

magnanimity generosity; Adj. magnanimous: generous hào hiệp, cao thượngmagnate person of prominence or influence; powerful or influential person (in

business or industry); Ex. oil magnateyếu nhân; người quyền quý, giàucó

magniloquent boastful; pompous khoe khoang; tự phụ magnitude greatness (in size or extent); extent độ lớn, lượng; tầm quan tr ọng

maim mutilate; injure lastingly; disable; cripple; Ex. maimed for life thương tật, khuyết điểm nghiêmtr ọngmaladroit clumsy; not skillful; awkward; bungling vụng về malady illness bệnh tật, chứng bệnhmalaise uneasiness; vague feeling of ill health (without any particular pain or

appearance of disease)sự khó ở; nỗi khó chịu, phiềnmuộn

malapropism comic misuse of a word; Cf. Mrs. Malaprop sự nói chữ r ởm; dùng từ sai ngh ĩ amalcontent person dissatisfied with existing state of affairs; discontented person; Adj:

discontentedbất mãn; bất bình

malediction curse lời chửi r ủa, lời nguyền r ủamalefactor evildoer; criminal kẻ bất lương, kẻ gian tàmalevolent wishing evil; exhibiting ill will; N. malevolence ác ý; ảnh hưởng xấumalfeasance wrongdoing; misconduct (by a public official) hành động phi pháp, bất lươngmalicious hateful; spiteful; expressing malice; N. malice: desire to harm others; spite hiểm độc, ác tâm; hiềm thù

malign speak evil of; bad-mouth (criticize spitefully); defame; Adj: harmful; Ex.malign influence độc ác; ác tính; phỉ  báng

malignant tending to cause death; highly injurious; aggressively malevolent; Ex.malignant tumor

ác tâm; hiểm; ác tính

malingerer one who feigns illness to escape duty; V. malinger: feign illness to avoidwork

người giả ốm để tr ốn việc

malleable (of a metal) capable of being shaped by pounding (beating); pliable; (ofsomeone) impressionable (easily influenced); easily controlled; tractable

dễ dát mỏng, dễ uốn; dễ bảo

malodorous foul-smelling nặng mùi; hôi hámmammal vertebrate animal whose female suckles its young động vật có vúmanacle restrain; handcuff; N. khoá tay, xiềng, cùm; ngăn lạimandate order; charge; authoritative command; power to govern another country;

power to given to a government; region under administration; V: give amandate to; place under a mandate; Ex. mandated territory

lệnh, trát, nhiệm vụ; sự uỷ nhiệm,uỷ thác; chỉ  thị, yêu cầu

mandatory obligatory; compulsory; of a mandate có t/c bắt buộcmaneuver (=manoeuver) strategic military or naval movement (done for trainingpurposes); carefully planned process; stratagem; V: carry out a militarymaneuver; use maneuvers in gaining an end

vận động; thao diễn; thủ đoạn

mangy shabby; wretched; suffering from mange; of bad appearance ghẻ lở; bẩn thỉ umaniacal raging mad; insane; N. maniac: insane person; Cf. mania: disorder of the

mind; intense enthusiasmđiên khùng; điên cuồng

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manifest evident; visible; obvious; V: show plainly rõ ràng, hiển nhiên; biểu lộ, bày tỏ manifesto public declaration of principles; statement of policy bản tuyên ngônmanifold many in number or kind; numerous; varied r ất nhiều, nhiều vẻ manipulate operate with one's hands; control or play upon (people, forces, etc.) artfully;

maneuver; Ex. how to manipulate publicity and men; Adj. manipulativethao tác bằng tay; lôi kéo, vậnđộng, thao túng

mannered affected; not natural; Ex. mannered way of speech kiểu cáchmanumit emancipate; free from slavery or bondage giải phóngmarital pertaining to marriage (thuộc) vợ chồng; hôn nhânmaritime bordering on (adjacent to) the sea; nautical; of the ships or the sea; Ex.

Maritime Provincesgần biển; (thuộc) ngành hàng hải,biển

marked noticeable; targeted for vengeance or attack; Ex. marked improvement/man rõ ràng, rõ r ệtmarred damaged; disfigured; V. mar: spoil; disfigure làm hư, làm hỏngmarshal put in order; guide ceremoniously to the correct place; Ex. marshal the

children into the museum; N: military officer; officialnguyên soái, thống chế; sắp đặtvào hàng ngũ, đưa dẫn

marsupial one of a family of mammals that nurse their offspring in a pouch (pocket ofskin or leather); Cf. kangaroo, opossum, wombat

thú có túi

martial warlike; of war; Ex. martial art/law (thuộc) quân sự, chiến tranhmartinet strict disciplinarian; person who demands total obedience to rules and

orders; Cf. Jean Martinetkỉ  luật nghiêm khắc

martyr one who voluntarily suffers death for his or her religion or cause; greatsufferer; Ex. martyr to his rheumatism

liệt s ĩ ; người chết vì ngh ĩ a; kẻ chịuhành hạ, đoạ đày

masochist person who enjoys his own pain; Cf. masochism người khổ dâm, kẻ bạo dâmmasticate chew nhaimaterialism preoccupation with physical comforts and things; excessive regard for

worldly concerns (rather than spiritual matters)chủ ngh ĩ a duy vật; sự quá xemtr ọng vật chất

maternal motherly; N. maternity: motherhood thuộc về mẹ matriarch woman who rules a family or larger social group nữ chúa; nữ lãnh đạomatriculate enroll (in college or graduate school); Cf. matrix tuyển vào đại họcmatrix point of origin; array of numbers or algebraic symbols; mold or die; Ex. the

matrix of Western civilizationtử cung; ma tr ận; khuôn cối

maul handle roughly; batter; injure by beating; Ex. mauled by his overexcitedfans; N: heavy long-handled hammer

cái vồ lớn; đối xử thô bạo; hành hạ 

mausoleum monumental tomb; large stately tomb; Cf. Mausolos lăng mộ, lăng tẩmmauve pale purple màu hoa càmaverick rebel; nonconformist (in a group) bất phục tùng, bất tuânmawkish mushy (sentimental) and gushy; icky-sticky sentimental; excessively and

objectionably sentimentaluỷ mị, sướt mướt

maxim proverb; truth pithily stated cách ngôn, châm ngôn

mayhem injury to body; crime of willfully maiming or crippling a person; violentdisorder; Ex. mayhem in the zoo; Cf. maim cố ý gây tàn tật; tình tr ạng lộn xộnmeager scanty; inadequate gầy gò, hom hem; sơ sài, đạm bạcmealymouthed indirect in speech (when something unpleasant must be said); hypocritical;

evasiveăn nói quanh co

meander wind or turn in its course; follow a winding or turning course; move aimlesslyand idly

chỗ uốn khúc; quanh co; đi langthang

meddlesome interfering; V. meddle: interfere bắng nhắng, lăng xăngmediate settle a dispute through the services of an outsider; act as an intermediary;

produce by mediating; Ex. mediate a cease-firegián tiếp, trung gian; hoà giải

mediocre ordinary; commonplace; neither good nor bad xoàng, thườngmeditation reflection; thought; V. meditate suy ngẫm; tr ầm tư, mặc tưởngmedium element that is a creature's natural environment; nutrient setting in which

microorganisms are cultivated; appropriate occupation or means of

expression; channel of communication; compromise; middle positionbetween extremes; intervening substance through which something else istransmitted

trung gian, môi giới; môi tr ường;phương tiện truyền đạt; trung

dung; ông đồng bà cốt; trung bình

medley mixture hỗn hợpmeek submissive; patient and long-suffering nhu mì, ngoan ngoãnmegalomania mania for doing grandiose things; mental disorder characterized by

delusions of wealth, power, or importancechứng hoang tưởng tự đại

melancholy gloomy; morose; blue; N. Adj. melancholic; Cf. melancholia u sầu, sầu muộnmelee (=mêlée) fight cuộc hỗn chiến, cuộc loạn đả mellifluous (of words or a voice) sweetly or smoothly flowing; melodious; having a

pleasant tunengọt ngào; dịu dàng

memento token; reminder of the past; keepsake; Ex. memento of your visit dấu ấn, vật kỉ  niệmmemorialize commemorate kỉ  niệm, làm lễ kỉ  niệmmenagerie collection of wild animals on exhibition; zoo bầy thú (gánh xiếc)

mendacious lying; habitually dishonest; N. mendacity xuyên tạc, láo, điêumendicant beggar; Adj: living as a beggar ăn mày, ăn xinmenial suitable for servants; lowly; mean; N: someone who does menial work (esp.

servant in a house)đầy tớ; công việc của người hầu

mentor counselor; teacher thầy; cố vấn dày kinh nghiệmmercantile concerning trade or merchants buôn bán; hám lợi, vụ lợimercenary motivated solely by money or gain; N. hám lợi, vụ lợi; tay sai

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mercurial capricious; quick and changing; fickle; containing the element mercury; Ex.mercurial temper; Cf. mood

không kiên định; có thuỷ ngân

meretricious flashy; tawdry; attractive on the surface but of no real value; Ex.meretricious argument/jewel; Cf. prostitute

hào nhoáng; đàng điếm

merger combination (of two business corporations); act of merging hợp nhấtmesmerize hypnotize; N. mesmerism; Cf. Franz Mesmer thôi miên; mê hoặc, quyến r ũ metallurgical pertaining to the art of removing metals from ores; N. metallurgy: science

that deals with extracting metals from oresluyện kim

metamorphosis change of form; Ex. metamorphosis of caterpillar to butterfly; V.metamorphose: change by metamorphosis

biến hoá; biến thái

metaphor implied comparison; Cf. simile phép ẩn dụ 

metaphysical pertaining to speculative philosophy; of metaphysics; N. metaphysics:branch of philosophy that examines the nature of reality

siêu hình, tr ừu tượng

mete measure; distribute; administer; Ex. mete out justice/punishment đo lường, ban phát, thi hànhmeteoric like a meteor; swift; momentarily brilliant; Ex. meteoric rise to fame; N.

meteorthuộc sao băng; thành công nhanhchóng

methodical systematic; N. method: systematic method of procedure có phương pháp; cẩn thận, ngănnắp

meticulous excessively careful (with great attention to detail); painstaking; scrupulous cẩn thận, tỉ  mỉ , k ĩ  càngmettle courage (to continue bravely in spite of difficulties); spirit; Adj. mettlesome khí chất; dũng khí, lòng can đảmmiasma swamp gas; heavy vaporous atmosphere often emanating from decaying

matter; pervasive corrupting influence; noxious atmosphere or influencekhí độc; ám khí

microcosm small representative world; world in miniature; Ex. microcosm of Englishsociety

thế giới vi mô

migrant changing its habitat; wandering; Ex. migrant birds/workers; N: one thatmigrates

di cư 

migratory wandering; V. migrate: move from one region and settle in another; moveperiodically from one region to another

di trú, nay đây mai đó

milieu social environment; means of expression; Ex. feel out of one's milieu; Ex.His proper milieu is watercolor.

môi tr ường, hoàn cảnh

militant combative; bellicose; N. chiến đấumilitate work against; Ex. militate against the chances of promotion; Cf. serve as a

soldierchiến đấu, cản tr ở 

millennium thousand-year period (as in the New Testament); hoped-for period ofhappiness and prosperity

thiên niên kỉ ; thời đại hoàng kim

mimicry imitation sự bắt chước, vật giống hệtminatory (=minacious) menacing; threatening hăm doạ, đe doạ mincing affectedly dainty (delicate); V. mince: cut (esp. meat) into very small pieces;

walk with exaggerated primness; walk in an unnatural way, taking little shortsteps; Ex. The actor minced across the stage; Cf. mincemeat; Cf. mincer

màu mè; õng ẹo, uốn éo

minion servile dependent; obsequious follower tay sai, thuộc hạ minuscule extremely small nhỏ xíu; chữ viết thườngminute extremely small; Cf. minutes: official record of the proceedings at a meeting nhỏ, vụn vặt; biên bản ghi nhớ minutiae petty or trivial details; Cf. minutia chi tiết vụn vặt, chi tiết chính xácmirage unreal reflection; optical illusion ảo tưởng; ảo vọngmire entangle; stick in swampy ground; stick or sink in mire; N: bog; deep mud;

Ex. sucked deeper into the mirevũng bùn, bãi lầy; vấy bẩn; đẩyvào hoàn cảnh khó khăn

mirth merriment; laughter vui vẻ, cười đùamisadventure mischance; ill luck; Ex. death by misadventure r ủi ro, bất hạnh; tai nạn bất ngờ misanthrope one who hates mankind; misanthropist kẻ ghét loài ngườimisapprehension error; misunderstanding; V. misapprehend hiểu sai, hiểu lầmmiscellany mixture of writings on various subjects; collection of various items pha tạp, hỗn hợp; hợp tuyển

mischance ill luck r ủi ro; bất hạnhmisconstrue interpret incorrectly; misinterpret; misjudge hiểu sai, giải thích sai ýmiscreant wretch; wrongdoer; villain; Ex. kindness to the miscreant; Cf. believe vô lại, ti tiện, đê tiện, tà giáomisdemeanor minor crime; misdeed; wrongdoing tội nhẹ; cư xử xấumiserly stingy; mean keo kiệt; bủn xỉ nmisgivings doubts nỗi lo âu, e sợ; mối nghi ngạimishap unfortunate accident r ủi ro; bất hạnhmisnomer wrong or improper name; incorrect designation dùng từ sai; nhầm tênmisogamy hatred of marriage ghét kết hônmisogynist hater of woman; Cf. misogyny người ghét đàn bàmissile object to be thrown or projected vật phóng ra (đá, mác,...); tên lửamissive letter; written statement; Cf. sent thư, công văn; đã gửimite very small object or insect-like creature; small coin phần nhỏ; đồng tiền trinhmitigate appease; moderate; make or become less in force or intensity làm giảm nhẹ, làm dịu

mnemonic pertaining to memory; assisting the memory; N: device, such as a formulaor rhyme, used as a mnemonic aid thuộc trí nhớ, giúp trí nhớ 

mobile movable; not fixed; N. mobility chuyển động; thay đổimock ridicule; deride; imitate often in derision chế nhạo, chế giễu; nhại lạimode prevailing style; current fashion; manner; way of doing something; Ex. in the

latest mode; Ex. simple mode of lifelối, cách thức; kiểu, mốt; điệu

modicum limited quantity; small amount; Ex. He does not have a modicum of sense; số lượng ít ỏi; chút ít

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Cf. moderatemodish fashionable; conforming to the current fashion đúng kiểu, đúng mốtmodulate tone down in intensity; change the intensity or tone of; regulate; change

from one musical key to another; Ex. modulate from E to Gđiều chỉ nh; uốn giọng; ngân nga;điều biến

mogul powerful person; Ex. oil moguls; Cf. Mongol, Moghul; Cf. Mongolian người có thế lựcmolecule the smallest particle (one or more atoms) of a substance that has all the

properties of that substancephân tử 

mollify soothe an angry person xoa dịu, làm dịumollycoddle pamper; coddle; baby; indulge excessively nâng niu, nuông chiềumolt (=moult) periodically shed or cast off hairs or feathers (for replacement by a

new growth)r ụng lông; thay lông

molten melted; Ex. molten lava nấu chảy (kim loại)momentous very important; N. moment; Cf. momentary quan tr ọng, tr ọng yếumomentum quantity of motion of a moving body; impetus; moving force động lượng, xung lượng; đàmonarchy government under a single ruler nền quân chủ monastic related to monks or monasteries; removed from worldly concerns (thuộc) tu viện, phong thái thầy tumonetary pertaining to money tiền tệ; tiền tàimonochromatic having only one color đơn sắc; một màumonotheism belief in one God thuyết một thầnmonotony sameness leading to boredom; monotonousness; Adj. monotonous; Cf.

monotonesự buồn tẻ 

monumental massive; impressively large; built as a monument v ĩ  đại, đồ sộ; công trình kỉ  niệmmoodiness fits of depression or gloom buồn r ầu, ủ r ũ moratorium legal delay of payment or action; Ex. declare moratorium on the building of

new houseslệnh hoãn nợ 

morbid given to unwholesome or unhealthy thought; moody; characteristic ofdisease; Ex. morbid curiosity; N. morbidity; Cf. disease

bệnh tật, ốm yếu, ko lành mạnh

mordant biting; sarcastic; stinging; (apprec.) incisive; cutting; Ex. mordant pen/wit chua cay, châm chọc, đay nghiếnmores conventions; moral standards; moral customs tục lệ, tập tụcmoribund dying; at the point of death; Cf. death hấp hối, suy tànmorose ill-humored; sullen; sullenly melancholy buồn r ầu, ủ êmortician undertaker; Cf. death người làm dịch vụ tang lễ mortify humiliate by embarrassing excessively; shame; punish the flesh; discipline

(one's body) by self-denial; Ex. mortified by her blunder; Ex. mortify theflesh; Cf. cause to die

hành xác, làm nhục

mosaic picture made of small colorful inlaid tiles; Adj. khảm, đồ khảm; bệnh khảmmote small speck (esp. of dust) bụi, hạt bụimotif theme; recurrent thematic element in a musical or literary work; single or

repeated pattern; figure

chủ đề quán xuyến; nhạc tố; ren

r ờimotility ability to move spontaneously; Adj. motile: moving spontaneously có thể di độngmotley multi-colored (as of a garment worn by a jester); mixed; heterogeneous; Cf.

 jester: one who jests (as a paid fool at medieval courts)sặc sỡ, pha tạp

mottled blotched in coloring; spotted; Ex. mottled face; V. mottle: mark with blotchesof different colors

lốm đốm, có vằn

mountebank charlatan; boastful pretender người bán thuốc rong; lang băm;kẻ khoác lác lừa bịp

muddle confuse; mix up confusedly; N: state of confusion lộn xộn; r ối trí; luẩn quẩnmuggy (of weather) warm and damp nồm ẩm, oi bứcmulct defraud a person of something; swindle; Ex. mulct the boy of his legacy phạt tiền; phạt, khấu, tướcmultifarious varied; greatly diversified; Ex. multifarious activities khác nhau, phong phúmultiform having many forms hình thức phong phúmultilingual having many languages; fluent in several languages nói được nhiều thứ tiếng

multiplicity state of being numerous or multiple; large number; Ex. multiplicity of details; Adj. multiple: of more than one element vô số 

mundane worldly as opposed to spiritual; everyday; of the ordinary; Ex. mundaneexistence; Cf. world

tr ần tục

munificent very generous in giving; Ex. munificent benefactor; N. munificence hào phóngmural wall painting bức tranh tườngmurky dark and gloomy; thick with fog; vague; Ex. murky night/fog; N. murk: partial

or complete darkness; gloomtối tăm, u ám; âm u

muse ponder at length; N: source of inspiration (esp. of a poet) hứng thơ; suy tưởng; đăm chiêumusky having the odor of musk; N. musk: odorous substance secreted by an Asian

deermùi xạ, xạ hương

muster gather; assemble (troops); Ex. muster up one's strength for the ordeal; N. tập hợp, tập trung; duyệt binhmusty stale (in odor or taste); spoiled by age; Cf. moist mốc; có mùi mốcmutability ability to change in form; fickleness; Adj. mutable: able to change; fickle; Cf.

mutate; Cf. mutant

biến đổi; thay đổi

mutinous unruly; rebellious; Ex. mutinous teenagers; N. mutiny: open rebellion; Cf.mutineer

nổi loạn, làm loạn

myopic nearsighted; lacking foresight; N. myopia cận thị myriad very large number; Adj. Cf. ten thousand vô số 

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Nnadir lowest point; point on the celestial sphere diametrically opposite the zenith điểm thấp nhấtnaiveté (=naivety) quality of being unsophisticated; simplicity; artlessness; gullibility;

 Adj. naive: ingenuous; lacking worldliness; simple; creduloussự ngây thơ; nhận xét, hành độngkhờ khạo

narcissist conceited person; N. narcissism; Cf. narcissus người tự yêu mình, quá chú ý đếnmình

nascent incipient; coming into being or existence; Ex. nascent ability in music mới sinh; phôi thainatation swimming sự bơinatty neatly or smartly dressed; dapper; smart; Ex. natty dresser đỏm dáng; khéo taynauseate cause to become sick; fill with disgust; fill nausea làm buồn nôn, kinh tởm

nautical pertaining to ships or navigation hàng hảinavigable (of a body of water) wide and deep enough to allow ships to pass through;

(of a ship or aircraft) able to be steeredr ộng và sâu tàu bè có thể qua lạiđược

nebulous vague; hazy; cloudy; of a nebula; Ex. nebulous proposal âm u, u ám, mờ đụcnecromancy black magic; sorcery; dealings with the dead; art that professes to

communicate with the spirits of the dead so as to predict the future; Cf.necromancer; Cf. necro+divination; Cf. necro-: death; Ex. necropolis

thuật gọi hồn

nefarious very wicked hung ác; bất chínhnegate cancel out; nullify; cause to have no effect; deny; N. negation phủ định; phủ nhậnnegligence neglect; failure to take reasonable care; Adj. negligent: neglectful; lax; not

taking enough carecẩu thả; sơ suất; phóng túng

negligible so small, trifling, or unimportant as to be easily disregarded không đáng kể nemesis someone seeking revenge; source of downfall or ruin; Cf. Nemesis nữ thần báo ứng, sự báo oánneologism new or newly coined word or phrase từ mớineophyte recent convert; new member of a religious group; beginner; Cf. plant người mớinepotism favoritism (to a relative); Cf. nephew thiên vị, dung túng người nhà; gia

đình tr ị nether lower; Ex. nether garments/regions ở dướinettle irritate; annoy; vex; Adj. nettlesome chọc tức, chọc giậnnexus connection mối quan hệ, mối liên hệ nib beak (bill); pen point đầu ngòi bút; mỏ chimnicety precision; accuracy; minute distinction or difference; Ex. to a nicety: exactly;

precisely; Ex. distinguish between nicetieschính xác, đúng đắn

niggardly meanly stingy; parsimonious; N. niggard: stingy person hà tiện, keo kiệtniggle spend too much time on minor points (esp. when finding fault); find fault; Ex.

niggle over details; Adj. nigglingmất thì giờ về những chuyện vụnvặt; làm bực mình

nihilist one who considers traditional beliefs to be groundless and existence

meaningless; absolute skeptic; revolutionary terrorist; Cf. nihilism: belief thatnothing has meaning or value; belief that destruction of existing political orsocial institutions is necessary for future improvement

người theo thuyết hư vô; người

theo chủ ngh ĩ a vô chính phủ 

nip snip off; stop something's growth or development; bite; make numb withcold; Ex. nip the plan; Ex. A guard dog nipped the postman; Ex. fingersnipped by the extreme chill

thui chột, lụi; tê buốt, tê cóng; đaynghiến; cắn, cấu, véo; cốc nhỏ 

nirvana in Buddhist teachings, the ideal state in which the individual loses himself inthe attainment of an impersonal beatitude

cõi niết bàn

nocturnal done or active at night; Ex. nocturnal animals/raids; Cf. nocturne về đêmnoisome foul smelling; very unpleasant; unwholesome độc hại; hôi thốinomadic wandering; N. nomad: tribe who migrates from place to place du cư nomenclature terminology (system of specialized words); system of names or naming

thingsthuật ngữ 

nominal in name only; of a name; trifling; (of a sum of money) very small; Cf.nominate: propose as a candidate; appoint

danh pháp; đặt tên gọi

nonchalance indifference; lack of concern; composure; Adj. nonchalant: unconcerned;cool; indifferent; Ex. nonchalant attitude to his debts

lãnh đạm; vô tình

noncommittal neutral; refusing commitment to a particular opinion; unpledged; undecided lửng lơ, nước đôi, không cam kếtnondescript indistinctive; ordinary; ordinary-looking; Ex. nondescript fellow in a crowd khó tả; khó phân loạinonentity person of no importance; nonexistence điều tưởng tượng; kẻ vô giá tr ị nonplus put at a loss; bring to a halt by confusion; perplex; Cf. no more bối r ối, lúng túng, khó xử nostalgia homesickness; longing for the past; Ex. nostalgia for the clothes of 1920s;

 Adj. nostalgicnỗi nhớ, luyến tiếc

nostrum questionable medicine; quack medicine; Cf. our (remedy) thuốc lang bămnotable conspicuous; worthy of note; remarkable; important; distinguished; noted có tiếng; tr ứ danh; đáng chú ýnotoriety disrepute; ill fame tiếng xấu, tai tiếngnovelty something new; newness; Adj. novel: new; original tính mới lạ, tính khác thườngnovice beginner người mới học, mới vào nghề 

noxious harmful; Cf. obnoxious độc hạinuance shade of slight difference in meaning or color; subtle distinction sắc tháinubile marriageable; of marriageable age; Cf. connubial đến tuổi lấy chồng; khêu gợinugatory worthless; futile vô giá tr ị, vô hiệu lựcnullify make invalid; make null; invalidate huỷ bỏ; làm mất hiệu lựcnumismatist person who collects coins; N. numismatics: study or collection of money,

coins, and medalsngười nghiên cứu tiền đúc, ngườisưu tầm các loại tiền

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nuptial related to marriage or the wedding ceremony; N. nuptials: weddingceremony

hôn nhân; lễ cưới

nurture nourish; feed; educate; rear; care for while it is growing or developing;foster; cultivate; N: something that nourishes; rearing

nuôi nấng, giáo dưỡng

nutrient nourishing substance; Adj: providing nourishment dinh dưỡng; chất dinh dưỡng

Ooaf stupid awkward person; Cf. elf đần độn; vụng về obdurate stubborn; refusing to change one's belief bướng bỉ nh, ngoan cố; cứng r ắnobeisance bow (to show respect and obedience) sự cúi đầu (để tỏ lòng tôn kính,

phục tùng)

obelisk tall column tapering (becoming gradually narrower toward the end) andending in a pyramid

tháp, đài kỉ  niệm

obese excessively fat; N. obesity béo phị, mập úobfuscate confuse; muddle; cause confusion; make needlessly complex; make so

confused as to be difficult to understandlàm khó hiểu, ngu muội; làm hoangmang

obituary death notice (esp. in a newspaper); Adj. lời cáo phóobjective (adj) not influenced by emotions; fair; N: goal; aim khách quanobligatory binding; required; compulsory; V. oblige: constrain; make grateful; do a

favor; accommodatebắt buộc, cưỡng bách

oblique indirect; slanting (deviating from the perpendicular or from a straight line);Ex. oblique reference

cạnh khoé; quanh co; xiên méo

obliterate destroy completely; wipe out; Ex. obliterate the village phá huỷ hoàn toànoblivion obscurity; condition of being completely forgotten; forgetfulness sự lãng quên, sự bị lãng quênoblivious inattentive or unmindful; unaware; wholly absorbed; forgetful (having the

habit of forgetting)+of: quên, lãng quên; làm lãngquên

obloquy slander; disgrace; infamy nói xấu, lăng nhụcobnoxious offensive; disagreeable; Ex. obnoxious smell ghê tởm, đáng ghét, khó chịuobscure dark; vague; unclear; not well known; Ex. obscure meaning/village; V:

darken; cover; make unclear; Ex. obscure the moon/meaningmờ mịt tối tăm; mơ hồ, khó hiểu;vô danh

obsequious slavishly attentive; servile; full of servile compliance; sycophantic khúm núm, xun xoe; dễ bảoobsequy funeral ceremony lễ tang; lễ chôn cấtobsessive related to thinking about something constantly; of an obsession;

preoccupying; N. obsession: compulsive preoccupation with a fixed idea;compulsive idea; V. obsess: preoccupy the mind of excessively

ám ảnh

obsidian last demand; last warning; last statement of conditions that must be met;Ex. They have ignored our ultimatum.

tối hậu thư; kết luận cuối cùng;nguyên tắc cơ bản

obsolete outmoded; no longer used cổ xưa, quá hạn, lỗi thờiobstetrician physician specializing in delivery (assisting in giving birth) of babies; N.

obstetrics; Cf. midwifebác s ĩ  khoa sản

obstinate stubborn; hard to control or treat; Ex. obstinate cough; N. obstinacy bướng bỉ nh; ngoan cố obstreperous boisterous; noisy and uncontrollable om sòm; ngỗ ngược; bất tr ị obtrude push (oneself or one's ideas) forward or intrude; impose (oneself or one's

ideas) on others; butt in; stick out or extrude; thrust out; Ex. obtrude A on B; Adj. obtrusive; N. obtrusion; Cf. unobtrusive

tống, ấn, ép buộc; bắt buộc

obtuse blunt; not sharp; stupid; slow in understanding cùn, nhụt; chậm hiểuobviate make unnecessary; get rid of; Ex. obviate the need tẩy tr ừ, xoá bỏ; ngăn ngừaOccident the West phương Tây (châu Âu và M ĩ )occlude shut; close; obstruct; Ex. A blood clot occluded an artery hút, giữ occult mysterious; secret; supernatural; beyond human comprehension; Op. bare huyền bí; che khuất, che lấpoculist physician who specializes in treatment of the eyes bác s ĩ  nhãn khoaodium detestation; quality of being odious; hatefulness; disrepute (resulting from

hateful conduct); Adj. odious

sự chê bai, dè bỉ u; ghét

odoriferous giving off an odor có mùi thơm, toả hương thơmodorous having an odor có mùi (dễ chịu, khó chịu)odyssey long, eventful, adventurous journey ô-đi-xê; một cuộc phiêu lưuoffensive attacking; insulting; distasteful; V. offend: violate; hurt the feelings of; N.

offense: offending; violating of a moral or social code; crime; attack;tấn công; chướng tai gai mắt; kinhtởm; xúc phạm; làm nhục

offhand casual; done without prior thought or preparation ko suy ngh ĩ  tr ước, ngay tức khắcofficious meddlesome; excessively pushy in offering one's services; overly eager in

offering unwanted services or advices; Ex. officious bellboylăng xăng, nhiễu sự 

ogle look at amorously; make eyes at; Ex. old men ogling young girls liếc mắt đưa tình; nhìn hau háuolfactory concerning the sense of smell ngửi; khứu giácoligarchy government by a privileged few chính thể đầu sỏ; tập đoàn chính

tr ị đầu sỏ ominous threatening; of an evil omen gở, báo điềm xấu

omnipotent all-powerful; having unlimited power có quyền tuyệt đối, quyền vô hạnomnipresent universally present; ubiquitous có mặt ở khắp nơiomniscient all-knowing thông suốt mọi sự omnivorous eating both plant and animal food; devouring everything ăn tạp; đọc, xem linh tinhonerous burdensome nặng nề; phiền hàonomatopoeia words formed in imitation of natural sounds từ tượng thanhonslaught vicious assault; fierce attack; Ex. unexpected onslaught of the enemy công kích dữ dội; tấn công dữ dội

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onus burden; responsibility nhiệm vụ, trách nhiệmopalescent iridescent; lustrous; like an opal; N. opalescence tr ắng đục, tr ắng sữa; màu sắc biến

đổi như ôpanopaque dark; not transparent; N. opacity mờ đục, không trong suốtopiate medicine to induce sleep or deaden pain; something that relieves emotions

or causes inaction; sleep-producing drug containing opiumcó thuốc phiện; làm cho ngủ; giảmđau

opportune timely; well-chosen thích hợp, đúng lúcopportunist individual who sacrifices principles for expediency by taking advantage of

circumstances; N. opportunismngười cơ hội

opprobrium infamy; disgrace arising from shameful conduct; vilification (slander); scorn;contempt; Ex. opprobrium hurled against him; Adj. opprobrious: expressing

contempt; shameful or infamous

điều sỉ  nhục; sự nhục nhã

optimist person who looks on the bright side; N. optimism người lạc quanoptimum most favorable; optimal; N: most favorable condition đ/k tốt nhất, thuận lợi nhấtoptional not compulsory; left to one's choice; N. option: act of choosing; choice;

freedom or power to choose; something available as a choice; Ex. have nooption; Ex. two options

tuỳ ý

optometrist one who fits glasses to remedy visual defects người đo thị lựcopulence extreme wealth; luxuriousness; abundance; Adj. opulent: possessing great

wealth; abundantgiàu có, phong phú

opus work (esp. musical composition); Ex. magnum opus: masterpiece; Cf. opera tác phẩmoracular of an oracle; prophetic; uttered as if with divine authority; mysterious or

ambiguous; hard to understand; N. oracle: wiser person; prophecy made byan oracle

tiên tri; bí hiểm, khó hiểu

orator public speaker người diễn thuyết, nhà hùng biện

ordain decree or command; grant holy orders; predestine; install as a minister,priest, or rabbi; N. ordainment; Cf. ordination

ra lệnh ban hành

ordeal severe trial or affliction; difficult experience; trial (test of patience orendurance); affliction

thử thách; thử tội

ordinance decree; authoritative order sắc lệnh, nghị định; lễ nghiordination ceremony conferring holy orders; ceremony of ordaining a priest lễ thụ chức, lễ tôn phongorgy wild drunken revelry; unrestrained indulgence in an activity; Ex. orgy of

shoppingcuộc truy hoan, chè chén tráctáng; sự đam mê vô độ 

orientation act of finding oneself in society; orienting sự định hướngorifice mouthlike opening; small opening (esp. to a cavern or passage of the body);

Cf. mouthlỗ, miệng; vòi phun

ornate excessively or elaborately decorated hoa m ĩ ; trang trí công phuornithologist scientific student of birds; N. ornithology: scientific study of birds nhà nghiên cứu chimorthodox traditional; (of someone) conservative in belief; adhering to an established

doctrinechính thống

orthography correct spelling; Cf. ortho-: straight; correct; Ex. orthodontics phép chính tả oscillate vibrate pendulumlike; waver lung lay; lưỡng lự, dao độngosseous made of bone; bony xương, có xươngossify change or harden into bone; become hard and unchanging in one's ideas hoá xương; tr ở nên cứng nhắc; ko

thể thay đổiostensible apparent; appearing as such; professed (pretended); pretended; Ex.

ostensible purpose of the expeditionbề ngoài là, có vẻ là

ostentatious showy; trying to attract attention; pretentious; N. ostentation: showy display phô tr ương, khoe khoangostracize banish from a group; exclude from public favor; ban; Ex. His friends

ostracized him. N. ostracismđày, phát vãng; khai tr ừ, tẩy chay

oust expel; drive out; force out; N. ouster: ousting tr ục xuất; tướcoutlandish bizarre; peculiar; unconventional kì dị; xa xôi, hẻo lánhoutmoded no longer in fashion or use; no longer stylish; old-fashioned lỗi thời; cổ lỗ s ĩ  outrage act of extreme violence or viciousness; resentful anger; V: commit an

outrage on; produce anger in; Adj. outrageous: offensivehành động bạo liệt, độc ác; sự xúcphạm, sự giận dữ 

outskirts fringes; outer borders (as of a city); Ex. outskirts of Boston vùng ngoài, phạm vi ngoàioutspoken candid; blunt thẳng thắn, tr ực tínhoutstrip outrun; surpass; outdo bỏ xa; giỏi hơnoutwit outsmart; defeat by behaving more cleverly khôn hơn, mưu mẹo hơnovation enthusiastic applause sự hoan hô, tung hôoverbearing bossy; domineering and arrogant; decisively important; Ex. overbearing

manner/importance; V. overbear: dominatehống hách; độc đoán

overblown inflated; exaggerated quá thì; quá mức; đã ngớtoverdose (n) an excessive dose, usually so large a dose of a medicine that its effect is

toxicsử dụng quá liều

overt open to view; public; not secret; Cf. covert công khai

overweening arrogant; presumptuous quá tự phụ, quá tự tinoverwrought nervous or excited; extremely agitated; hysterical; wrought-up; Cf. wrought:made or done

căng thẳng, bối r ối; mệt rã r ời

Ppachyderm thick-skinned animal loài da dàypacifist one opposed to force; antimilitarist; Adj. N. pacifism: opposition to war as a chủ ngh ĩ a hoà bình

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means of resolving disputespacify soothe; make calm or quiet; subdue; bring peace to bình định; làm nguôipaean song of praise or joy; Ex. paeans celebrating the victory bài hát ca tụngpainstaking taking pains; showing hard work; taking great care; very careful and through cần cù; cẩn thậnpalatable agreeable; pleasing to the taste ngon; làm dễ chịu, khoan khoáipalate roof of the mouth; sense of the taste vòm miệng, hàm ếch, ngạc; khẩu vịpalatial of or suitable for a palace; magnificent như lâu đài; nguy nga, tráng lệ paleontology study of prehistoric life or fossils; Cf. paleo-: ancient or prehistoric; Ex.

paleography: study of ancient written documentscổ sinh vật học

palimpsest parchment or piece of writing material used for second time after originalwriting has been erased

bản viết trên da cừu nạo, palimxet

pall become boring; grow tiresome làm ngán, phát ngấypallet small poor bed; Ex. straw pallet ổ r ơm; giường hẹp và cứngpalliate ease pain (without curing); make less severe or offensive (a crime or illness) làm dịu; bào chữapallid pale; wan; Ex. pallid complexion xanh xao, vàng vọtpalpable tangible; (of something bad) easily perceptible; obvious; Ex. palpable

blundersờ mó được; rõ ràng

palpitate throb; beat rapidly; flutter; tremble; Ex. Her heart began to palpitate. đập nhanh, hồi hộp, run lênpaltry insignificant; petty; trifling; contemptible; Ex. paltry sum; Cf. trash tầm thường, vô giá tr ị; ti tiện, đáng

khinhpan criticize harshly chỉ  trích gay gắtpanacea cure-all; remedy for all diseases thuốc tiên, thuốc chữa bách bệnhpanache flair; manner of doing things without any difficulty (causing admiration);

flamboyance; bunch of feathers (on a helmet); Ex. with great panache; Cf.kiểu cách phô tr ương, điệu bộ 

pandemic widespread; affecting the majority of people; N: pandemic disease; Cf. allpeople

(thuộc) dịch lớn, lan ra khắp nơi

pandemonium wild tumult (commotion); wild noisy disorder; Cf. Paradise Lost huyên náo, lộn xộnpander cater to (the low desires of others) thoả mãn (dục vọng thấp hèn)panegyric formal praise; encomium; Ex. I don't deserve such panegyrics. ca ngợi; tán tụngpanoramic denoting an unobstructed and comprehensive view; N. panorama: unbroken

view of a wide areabao quát, toàn cảnh

papyrus ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant giấy cóiparable short simple story teaching a moral truyện ngụ ngôn, tục ngữ paradigm model; example that serves as a model; pattern; list of all the inflectional

forms of a wordmô hình, kiểu; hệ biến hoá

paradox something apparently contradictory in nature (that may nonetheless betrue); statement that looks false but is actually correct

nghịch lí, ngược đời

paragon model of perfection; Ex. paragon of virtue mẫu mực, tuyệt phẩm

parallelism state of being parallel; similarity; analogy sự song song, tương đươngparameter limit; independent variable; Ex. parameters of the problem; Ex. within theparameters of the budget

thông số, tham số; giới hạn

paramount foremost in importance; supreme; Cf. para-: beyond; above; Ex. paranormal tối caoparamour illicit lover nhân tình, nhân ngãiparanoia psychosis marked by delusions of grandeur or persecution; N: Adj:

paranoid, paranoiactính đa nghi; bệnh hoang tưởng

paraphernalia equipment; odds and ends used in a particular activity; personal belongings;Ex. photographic paraphernalia; Cf. married woman's property exclusive ofher dowry

đồ dùng cá nhân, phụ tùng linhtinh

paraphrase restate a passage in one's own words while retaining thought of author; N:restatement of a text in other words

diễn giải

parasite animal or plant living on another; toady; sycophant; Cf. para-: beside kẻ ăn bám, vật kí sinhparched extremely dry; very thirsty; V. parch: make or become extremely dry (by

exposure to heat)

rang, nung; làm khô

pariah social outcast; Ex. Mariah the pariah người cùng khổ, tiện dânparity equality; close resemblance; Cf. disparate bình đẳng; bằng nhauparlance language; manner of speaking; idiom; Ex. in legal/common parlance cách nói, lối nóiparley conference (between opponents); Cf. speak cuộc thương lượng, đàm phánparochial narrow in scope or outlook; provincial; related to parishes có t/c hạn hẹp; giáo xứ parody humorous imitation; spoof; takeoff; travesty; V. nhại, bắt chướcparoxysm fit or attack of pain, laughter, rage; sudden outburst cơn bộc phát; bùng nổ bất ngờ parquet floor made of wood strips inlaid in a mosaic like matter; Cf. strip: long

narrow piecesàn gỗ; lót ván sàn

parry ward off a blow; deflect; Ex. He parried the unwelcome question veryskillfully; N.

gạt, đỡ, tránh né

parsimony stinginess; excessive frugality; Adj. parsimonious tính keo kiệt, bủn xỉ npartiality state of being partial; inclination; favorable bias; special fondness;

preference; Adj. partial

thiên vị, ko công bằng; mê, thích

partisan one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a party (with dislike of any others); N:strong supporter of a party; guerrilla

phe phái, thiên lệch; người ủng hộ,người cùng phe phái

partition divide into parts phân chia, chia cắt; vách ngănpassé old-fashioned; past the prime đã qua, lỗi thờipassive not active; acted upon; receiving an action without acting in return;

accepting without resistancebị động; thờ ơ; ko phải tr ả lãi

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pastiche imitation of another's style in musical composition or in writing; work of artopenly imitating the works of other artists

tác phẩm cóp nhặt của người khác

pastoral rural; of rural life; idyllic; of a pastor đồng quê; của mục đồng, mục sư patent obvious; easily seen; open for the public to read; of or protected by a patent;

Ex. patent to everyone; N.rõ ràng, rành mạch, hiển nhiên; cóbằng sáng chế 

pathetic causing sadness, compassion, pity; touching cảm động, thống thiết, lâm lipathological pertaining to disease; N. pathology: study of disease bệnh lípathos tender sorrow; pity; quality in art or literature that produces these feelings;

Ex. pathos that runs through the novelsự cảm động, bi ai; cảm xúc, cảmhứng chủ đạo

patina green crust on old bronze works or copper; tone slowly taken by varnishedpainting

lớp gỉ  đồng; nước bóng

patois local or provincial dialect thổ ngữ patriarch father and ruler of a family or tribe tộc tr ưởng, vị đại diện cao tuổi

nhất; giáo tr ưởngpatrician noble; aristocratic; N: person of high rank; aristocrat; Cf. member of the

governing classes in ancient Rome; Cf. plebeianquý tộc

patronize support; act superior toward; treat in a condescending manner; be acustomer of; N. patron: one that supports; regular customer; N. patronage;Cf. boycott

bảo tr ợ, đỡ đầu; chiếu cố; đối xử theo thái độ bề trên với kẻ dưới

paucity scarcity; dearth ít ỏi; khan hiếm, thiếu thốnpauper very poor person người nghèopeccadillo slight offense or fault; Cf. sin lỗi nhỏ pecuniary pertaining to money tiền bạcpedagogue teacher; Cf. child leader nhà sư phạmpedagogy teaching; art of education sư phạmpedant scholar who overemphasizes book learning, trivial details of learning, or

technicalities; adj pedanticngười thông thái r ởm, người ra vẻ mô phạm

pedantic bookish; showing off learning; marked by an excessive ostentatious concernfor book learning; N. pedantry

làm ra vẻ mô phạm

pedestrian ordinary; dull; unimaginative (lacking in imagination); going on foot; Ex.pedestrian prose; N.

đi bộ; chán ngắt, tẻ nhạt; khách bộ hành

pediatrician physician specializing in children's diseases; N. pediatrics bác s ĩ  khoa nhipeerless having no equal; incomparable có một ko haipejorative (of a word or phrase) suggesting that someone is of little value; negative in

connotation; having a belittling effect; Ex. Many women now considers"housewife" a pejorative expression, because it patronized them.

miệt thị, chê bai; từ có ngh ĩ a xấu

pell-mell in confusion; disorderly; Ex. dash pell-mell hỗn độn; ngổn ngangpellucid transparent; limpid (crystal clear); clear in meaning; easy to understand trong veo, trong sáng; minh bạchpenance self-imposed punishment for sin; Ex. do penance for one's sins; Cf. penitent sự ăn năn, sám hối; sự tự hành xácpenchant strong inclination; strong liking (esp. for something that is disapproved of by

other people); Ex. penchant for fast carsthiên hướng

pendant (=pendent) hanging down from something; pending; N: ornament (hangingfrom a necklace etc.)

vật treo ở phía dưới vật khác (đồ trang sức..)

pendulous hanging; suspended r ủ xuống; đu đưapenitent repentant; N. ăn năn, hối lỗipensive dreamily or deeply thoughtful; sadly thoughtful; thoughtful with a hint of

sadness; contemplative; Cf. think overtr ầm ngâm suy ngh ĩ  

penumbra partial shadow (in an eclipse); Cf. almost shadow vùng nửa tốipenury extreme poverty; stinginess; Adj. penurious: very poor; stingy túng thiếu, cơ cực, bần hànpeon landless agricultural worker; bond servant; menial worker; N. peonage người liên lạc; người làm công nhậtperceptive insightful; showing a good ability at perceiving and understanding; aware;

wise; of perceptionmẫn cảm; sâu sắc

percussion striking one object against another sharply; Ex. percussion instrument; N:striking together of two bodies; sound caused by percussion đánh, đập, gõ, bộ gõperdition damnation; complete ruin; hell diệt vong; chết v ĩ nh viễnperegrination journey; V. peregrinate cuộc hành trìnhperemptory demanding and leaving no choice; imperative; Ex. peremptory decree/knock cưỡng bức; kiên quyếtperennial something long-lasting; perennial plant; Adj: lasting through the year or

many years; lasting for a long time; enduringlâu năm; quanh năm

perfidious treacherous; disloyal; N. perfidy: treachery phản tr ắcperforate pierce; put a hole through đục lỗ; khoan, xuyênperfunctory done routinely and with little care; superficial; not thorough; lacking interest,

care, or enthusiasm; Ex. perfunctory kissqua loa, hời hợt, chiếu lệ 

perigee point of moon's orbit when it is nearest the earth; Cf. apogee điểm gần trái đất (trên mặt tr ăng)perimeter outer boundary; length of the outer boundary; circumference chu vi, vòng ngoàiperipatetic walking about from place to place (to work); moving; Ex. peripatetic school

of philosophy

lưu động, đi rong

periphery outside edge especially of a round surface; perimeter; Ex. periphery of thetown

chu vi; ngoại biên; phụ kiện

perjury false testimony while under oath; V. perjure oneself: testify falsely under oath khai man; phản bội; lời thề ẩupermeable that can be permeated; penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or gas to pass

through; V. permeate: spread or flow throughout; chargethấm qua được

pernicious very harmful; deadly; very destructive; Ex. pernicious effect/anemia độc hại

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peroration conclusion of an oration; perorating; V. perorate: conclude a speech; speakat great length

đoạn kết bài văn

perpetrate commit an offense; do (something wrong) phạm tội, gây ra; trình diễn tồiperpetuate make perpetual; make something last for a long time; preserve from

extinction; N. perpetuitylàm cho bất diệt; duy trì; làm chonhớ mãi

perplex frustrate; baffle làm bối r ối; cản tr ở perquisite (=perk) any gain above stipulated salary; Ex. perquisites such as free meals

and a carbổng lộc; tiền thù lao thêm

personable attractive (in personality or appearance) xinh đẹp, duyên dángperspicacious (of someone) having insight; penetrating; astute sáng trí, minh mẫnperspicuous (of something) plainly expressed; easy to understand; Ex. perspicuous

comments; N. perspicuity

rõ ràng minh bạch, dễ hiểu

pert (esp. of a girl or young woman) impertinent; forward; trim; jaunty; Ex. pertyoung miss/hat

sỗ sàng, xấc xược; hoạt bát, khoẻ mạnh

pertinent suitable; to the point; relevant đúng chỗ, thích đáng; đi thẳng vàov/đề 

perturb disturb greatly làm lo sợ; xáo tr ộnperuse read through with care; N. perusal xem xét k ĩ  pervasive spread throughout; V. pervade: (of smells, ideas, feelings) spread

throughout; charge; permeatetoả khắp; lan tràn

perverse purposely continuing to do something wrong; stubbornly wrongheaded;perverted; directed away from what is right; wicked and unacceptable; Ex.perverse satisfaction; Ex. Hannibal Lecter in a perverse mood; N. perversity

ngang bướng, ngoan cố 

perversion corruption; turning from right to wrong xuyên tạc; làm hỏngpessimism belief that life is basically bad or evil; gloominess; tendency to take the

gloomiest possible view of a situation; Adj. pessimisticbi quan; yếm thế 

pestilential (=pestilent) causing plague; tending to cause death; baneful; N. pestilence:fatal epidemic disease (esp. bubonic plague)

dịch bệnh, độc hại

pestle tool for mashing or grinding substances in a hard bowl or mortar cái chày, giã bằng chàypetty trivial; unimportant; very small; small-minded; petty-minded nhỏ mọn; lặt vặtpetulant touchy; peevish; ill-tempered nóng nảy; hay hờn dỗipharisaical pertaining to the Pharisees, who paid scrupulous attention to tradition; self-

righteous; hypocriticalđạo đức giả, giả dối; r ất hình thức

phenomena observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation; SG. phenomenon:observable fact; very unusual person, thing, or event; marvel; wonder; Cf.phenomenon; Adj. phenomenal: very unusual; extraordinary; of aphenomenon; Ex. phenomenal strength

hiện tượng

philanderer faithless lover; flirt kẻ tán gáiphilanthropist lover of mankind; doer of good; N. philanthropy người nhân đức, bác ái, từ tâmphilatelist stamp-collector; N. philately: stamp collecting người sưu tầm temphilistine narrow-minded person, uncultured and exclusively interested in material

gain; uncultured person who is indifferent to artistic and cultural values;member of an ancient people in Palestine; Op. aesthete

địch thủ; kẻ phàm tục

philology study of language or words môn ngữ vănphlegmatic calm and unexcitable; not easily disturbed; Cf. phlegm: sticky mucus

produced in the respiratory tractphớt tỉ nh, lạnh lùng; thản nhiên

phobia morbid fear ám ảnh; nỗi sợ hãiphoenix symbol of immortality or rebirth; Ex. phoenix rising from its ashes người/vật kì diệu, mẫu mựcphylum major classification, second to kingdom, of plants and animals; category

ranking below a kingdom and above a class; division(sinh học) ngành, hệ 

physiognomy face (as showing the character and the mind); art of judging humancharacter from facial features

gương mặt; xem tướng mặt

physiological pertaining to the science of the function of living organisms; N. physiology sinh lí họcpiebald of different colors; mottled; spotted in different colors (esp. in black and

white); Ex. piebald horse; Cf. pie+baldô bắc, vá, khoang; gồm đủ giới;con vật có đốm

piecemeal one part at a time; gradually; in stages; Ex. read a novel piecemeal làm dần dần; từng cái mộtpied piebald; variegated (many-colored); multicolored pha nhiều màupiety devoutness; reverence for God; Adj. pious mộ đạo; hiếu thảo; trung thànhpigment coloring matter (usually powder to be mixed with water or oil) chất nhuộm; sắc tố pillage plunder cướp phápillory punish by placing in a wooden frame or pillory; subject or expose to criticism

and ridicule; N.giàn gông; gông; bêu riếu

pine long for; yearn; languish from longing or grief; decline mòn mỏi, khao khát; tiều tuỵ héohon

pinion restrain or immobilize by binding the wings or legs; N: bird's wing (cắt, chặt) lông cánh; trói, giữ pinnacle peak; highest point; acme; Ex. pinnacle of fame tháp nhọn, điểm cao nhất

piquant pleasantly tart-tasting; spicy; pleasantly stimulating; Ex. piquant situationwhen my old enemy asked for my help hơi cay dễ chịu; kích động nhẹ;khêu gợi ngầm; có duyên thầmpique irritation; resentment from wounded pride (eg. loss in a contest); V: provoke;

arouse; annoy; cause to feel resentment; Ex. pique her curiositygiận hờn; khêu gợi; xúc phạm

piscatorial pertaining to fishing; Cf. Pisces thuộc nghề đánh cápitfall hidden danger; concealed trap cạm bẫypith core or marrow; spongelike substance in the center of stems; essence; phần chính, cốt lõi; ruột, lõi

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substancepithy concise and meaningful; substantial; meaty súc tích; ruột cây; tuỷ sống; mạnh

mẽ, đầy nghị lựcpittance small amount (of money); small allowance or wage tiền thù lao r ẻ mạtpivotal of a pivot; central; critical; crucial (thuộc) tr ụ; then chốt, mấu chốtplacate pacify; bring peace to; conciliate; appease xoa dịuplacebo harmless substance prescribed as a dummy pill thuốc tr ấn anplacid peaceful; calm; Ex. placid child/lake yên lặng, bình yên; điềm t ĩ nhplagiarize steal another's ideas or writings and pass them off as one's own; Ex. ideas

plagiarized from my article; N. plagiarism; Cf. kidnapđạo văn

plaintive expressing sorrow; mournful; Ex. plaintive song than vãn; ai oán; xót thươngplait braid; intertwine; interweave strands or lengths of; make by weaving strands

together; Ex. plaited hair; N: braided length as of hair o fabric; Cf. pigtail,ponytail

đường xếp, nếp gấp; tóc đuôi sam;tết bện

plasticity ability to be molded; Adj. plastic: capable of being shaped or molded; Ex.plastic material such as clay

tính dẻo, mềm; tính tạo hình

platitude trite remark; commonplace statement; Adj. platitudinous vô vị, nhàm chánplatonic purely spiritual; theoretical; without sensual desire triết học Plato; suôngplaudit praise; enthusiastic approval; round (succession or series) of applause; Adj.

plauditory; Cf. applaudtràng pháo tay hoan hô; hoan hônhiệt liệt

plausible conceivably true; having a show of truth but open to doubt; specious hợp lí, đáng tin cậyplebeian common; vulgar; pertaining to the common people; N: common people in

ancient Rome; Cf. patricianbình dân; hạ lưu; tầm thường, thôthiển

plenary (of power) complete; full; fully attended by all qualified members; Ex.plenary power

đầy đủ, nguyên vẹn; toàn thể 

plenitude abundance; plenty; great amount; completeness; fullness; Cf. plenary,plenty

đầy đủ, sung túc, phong phú

plethora excess; overabundance; Ex. a plethora of excuses thặng dư; dồi dàopliable flexible; easily influenced; yielding; adaptable mềm dẻo, dễ uốn nắnpliant flexible; easily influenced mềm dẻoplight difficult condition; condition or state (esp. a bad state or condition);

predicamentcảnh ngộ; lời cam kết, thề nguyền

pluck courage; V: pull off or out; pull out the hair or feathers of; Adj. plucky:courageous; brave

kéo, giật; nhổ lông, hái hoa quả;can đảm, gan dạ 

plumage feathers of a bird bộ lông chimplumb exactly vertical; N: weight on the end of a line; V: examine very carefully or

critically in order to understand; measure depth (by sounding); Ex. plumbthe depth of

thẳng đứng, r ơi thẳng đứng; quả dọi; nghề hàn chì

plummet fall sharply; fall straight down; Ex. Stock prices plummeted. r ơi thẳng đứng; dây dọiplush deluxe; grand; luxurious xa hoa, sang tr ọngplutocracy society ruled by the wealthy chế độ tài phiệt; bọn tài phiệtpoacher (n) one who hunt illegally người săn tr ộmpodiatrist doctor who treats ailments of the feet; chiropodist; N. podiatric người chuyên chữa bệnh chânpodium pedestal; raised platform bục, bậc giảngpoignancy quality of being deeply moving; keenness of emotion; Adj. poignant:

touching; deeply moving; (of sorrow, grief, etc.) painful; keenly distressing tothe mind; Ex. poignant memory/anxiety; Cf. prick

vị cay; chua cay; sâu sắc; thấmthía; cồn cào; cảm động

polarize split into opposite extremes or camps phân cực;polemical (=polemic) aggressive in verbal attack; disputatious (rather than simply

expressing opinions)luận chiến; khiêu khích

politic prudent; judicious; well judged; expedient; well devised khôn ngoan; sáng suốt; mưu mô,xảo quyệt

polity (particular form of) political organization; form of government of nation orstate; Ex. student polity chính thể; xh có tổ chứcpolygamist one who has more than one spouse at a time; Cf. bigamy; Cf. polyandry người đa thêpolyglot speaking several languages; multilingual; Ex. polyglot person/society; N. nhiều thứ tiếngpomposity self-important behavior; acting like a stuffed shirt (pompous person); Adj.

pompous: self-importantvênh vang, tự đắc; hoa lệ, tráng lệ;phô tr ương

ponderous having great weight; weighty; unwieldy; lacking lightness; dull; Ex.ponderous body/style of writing

nặng, có tr ọng lượng; chậm chạp,nặng nề 

pontifical pertaining to a bishop or pope; pompous or pretentious; Cf. pontiff: pope;bishop

(thuộc) giáo hoàng, giáo chủ; giáolí một cách khoa tr ương

pore study industriously; ponder; scrutinize; Ex. pore over the book; N. mải mê, miệt màiporous full of pores; like a sieve lỗ thủng, xốpport harbor or bay that ships can dock hải cảngportend foretell; presage; be a sign or warning of; N. portent: sign; omen;

forewarning

báo hiệu, báo tr ước, cảnh báo

portly stout; corpulent bệ vệ; béo tốt; đẫy đàposeur person who pretends to be sophisticated, elegant, etc., to impress others;

person who poses; Cf. posengười điệu bộ, màu mỡ 

posterity descendants; future generations; Ex. go down to posterity; Cf. posterior,anterior

hậu thế, thế hệ sau

posthumous after death (as of child born after father's death or book published after có được sau khi chết

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author's death); coming or occurring after one's death; Ex. posthumousfame/novel

postulate self-evident truth; something assumed without proof; V: assume the truth of(as a basis of an argument)

tiên đề 

posture assume an affected pose; act artificially; N: pose; attitude tư thế, dáng điệupotable suitable for drinking; drinkable có thể uống đượcpotent powerful; convincing; persuasive; greatly influential có hiệu lực, uy lực; có khả năng

giao cấupotentate monarch; sovereign kẻ thống tr ị potential expressing possibility; latent; N: capacity for growth tiềm năng; điện thế; hùng mạnhpotion dose (of liquids); liquid dose thuốc độc (nước)

potpourri heterogeneous mixture; medley; mixture of dried flower petals a pot (to givea pleasant smell to a room)

pha tr ộn, hỗn hợp, hỗn tạp

poultice soothing application applied to sore and inflamed portions of the body thuốc đắppracticable feasible khả thi, có thể thực hiện đượcpractical based on experience; of or acquired through practice (rather than theory);

useful; Ex. practical manthực hành, thiết thực

pragmatic practical (as opposed to idealistic); concerned with practical worth or impactof something; Ex. pragmatic test of the skill

thực tế, thực dụng

pragmatist practical person; N. pragmatism: pragmatic way of dealing with things người thực dụngprate talk idly; speak foolishly; boast idly nói chuyện tầm phào, huyên thiênprattle talk idly; babble; N. Cf. prate nói chuyện tầm phào, lảm nhảmprécis abstract; concise summing up of main points; concise summary of a text tóm tắtpreamble introductory statement lời mở đầuprecarious unsafe; lacking in stability; uncertain; risky; Ex. precarious living bấp bênh; không chắc chắnprecedent preceding (in time, rank, etc.) tiền lệ precept practical rule guiding conduct; Ex. mother's precept châm ngôn, lời giáo huấnprecipice cliff; dangerous position; Ex. on the edge of the precipice vách đứngprecipitant something that causes a substance in a chemical solution to separate out in

solid form; Op. solventchất làm kết tủa

precipitate hurl downward; throw headlong; hasten; cause to happen sooner; condenseand fall as rain or snow; cause (a solid substance) to be separated from asolution; Adj. hasty; rash; premature; sudden

chất kết tủa; sương; hấp tấp, vộivàng

precipitous steep; overhasty; precipitate vách đá; dốc đứngprecise exact chính xác; đúng; tỉ  mỉ ; câu nệ preclude make impossible; prevent; exclude; eliminate loại tr ừ; đẩy xaprecocious advanced in development; N. precocity sớm phát triểnprecursor forerunner; predecessor người tiên phong

predator predatory animal or bird; predatory person; creature that seizes anddevours another animal; person who robs or exploits others; Adj. predatory:living by preying on other organisms; plundering; N. predation

dã thú, động vật ăn thịt; người lợidụng người khác vì tài chính, tìnhdục

predecessor former occupant of a post người tiền nhiệmpredetermine determine in advance; predestine; settle or decide beforehand; influence

markedlyquyết định tr ước; thúc ép

predicament difficult situation; tricky or dangerous situation; dilemma tình thế khó khăn; điều đã dự đoánpredilection preference; partiality sự ưa chuộng, sự ưa thíchpredispose give an inclination toward (in advance); make susceptible to; Ex. predispose

people to certain cancer; N. predispositionảnh hưởng đến, đưa đến, dẫnđến; bắt phải chịu

preeminent outstanding; superior xuất sắc, ưu việtpreempt prevent in advance; head off (forestall); forestall by acting first; appropriate

for oneself before others; supplant; take the place of; displace; Ex. preemptany attempts; Adj. preemptive

chiếm tr ước, giành quyền ưu tiên

preen make oneself tidy in appearance; feel self-satisfaction or pride; (of a bird)smooth or clean (feathers) with the beak; Ex. preen oneself on; Cf. prune tô điểm; r ỉ a lông

prefatory introductory; of a preface tựa đề; giới thiệuprehensile capable of grasping or holding (esp. by wrapping around); Ex. prehensile

tailscó thể cầm nắm

prelate church dignitary; priest of high position in the church (esp. bishop) giáo s ĩ  cấp caoprelude introduction; introductory performance or event; forerunner mở đầu (sự việc, bài thơ); báo

tr ước (sự việc)premeditate plan in advance; Ex. premeditated murder lập kế hoạch tr ước;premise assumption; postulate; proposition upon which an argument is based tiền đề, tài sản kể trên; nhà cửa,

vườn tượcpremonitory serving to warn báo tr ướcpreposterous absurd; completely unreasonable; ridiculous phi lí, ngược đời; ngớ ngẩn, lố 

bịch

prerogative privilege; unquestionable right; Cf. ask before đặc quyềnpresage foretell; be a warning or sign of; N: presentiment; foreboding; omen điềm, linh cảm; báo tr ướcprescience ability to foretell the future; knowledge of actions before they occur; Adj.

prescientbiết tr ước

presentiment premonition; foreboding; feeling something will happen; anticipatory fear linh cảm; điềm báoprestige respect or admiration; impression produced by achievements or reputation;

 Adj: causing admiration; Adj. prestigious: having prestigeuy tín, thanh thế, danh tiếng

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presumptuous going beyond what is right; excessively forward; arrogant; taking liberties tự phụ, kiêu ngạopretentious ostentatious; showy; pompous; making unjustified claims; overambitious;

Ex. pretentious films that claim to be arttự phụ, kiêu căng; khoe khoang

preternatural beyond what is normal in nature; supernatural; Ex. preternaturalstrength/forces

siêu nhiên, phi thường

pretext excuse lấy cớ, viện ra lí doprevail be widespread; triumph over; gain victory; prevail on: persuade; induce; Ex.

Justice has prevailed; Ex. prevail on someone to do somethingthắng thế; đánh bại; phổ biến;khiến, thuyết phục

prevalent widespread; generally accepted phổ biến; thịnh hànhprevaricate lie; hide the truth (by equivocating) nói lập lờ, nói quanh coprey target of a hunt; victim; V: hunt and eat as prey; victimize; Ex. Cats prey on

mice.

con mồi, nạn nhân; săn mồi; làm

hao mòn; bóc lộtprimogeniture seniority by birth; state of being the first-born child; right of the eldest child

(to inherit the entire property of one or both parents)con tr ưởng

primordial existing at the beginning (of time); rudimentary nguyên thuỷ, ban sơ; căn bảnprimp groom oneself with care; adorn oneself trang điểm, làm dángpristine unspoiled; remaining in a pure state; characteristic of earlier times; primitive;

Ex. an old book in pristine conditionban sơ, tinh khôi, ko bị hư hỏng;tươi, sạch; nguyên thuỷ 

privation lack of the basic necessities or comforts of life; hardship; want; Cf. deprive thiếu thốn; mất đi cái gìprivy secret; hidden; not public; made a participant in something secret; Ex. privy

chamber government; Ex. be privy to a discussion; Cf. privateriêng tư, bí mật; đương sự 

probe explore with a probe or tools; investigate; N: slender instrument used toexplore a wound or body cavity; device designed to investigate an unknownregion; thorough investigation; Ex. space probe

thăm dò, điều tra, thám hiểm

probity uprightness; honesty; incorruptibility trung thực, liêm khiết; tin cậyproblematic causing a problem; open to doubt; doubtful; unsettled; questionable; Ex.

Whether the arena will ever be completed is problematic.khó giải quyết; mơ hồ, khó hiểu

proclivity inclination; natural tendency (esp. towards something bad) xu hướng tự nhiên (xấu)procurement obtaining; V. procure: obtain by effort; obtain (a prostitute) for another kiếm được; mua đượcprod poke (with a pointed object); stir up; urge; goad to action; N: pointed object

used to prod; proddingvật dùng để chọc, thúc; chọc, kíchđộng

prodigal wasteful; reckless with money; profuse; Ex. a mind prodigal of ideas; N.prodigality

hoang phí; r ộng rãi

prodigious enormous; marvelous; extraordinary; Ex. prodigious amount/memory phi thường, kì diệu; đồ sộ prodigy highly gifted child; person with exceptional talents; marvel; wonder người/vật kì diệu, phi thườngprofane violate; desecrate (something holy); treat unworthily; be profane for; Adj:

secular; nonreligious; irreverent for holy thingsxúc phạm; tục t ĩ u; báng bổ, phỉ  báng

profligate wasteful (of money); dissipated; wildly immoral; dissolute; N: profligateperson; N. profligacy

phóng đãng; hoang phí

profound deep; not superficial; complete; Ex. profoundthinker/remark/silence/deafness; N. profundity

sâu; sâu sắc, uyên thâm

profusion great amount; plenty; overabundance; excess; lavish expenditure; Ex.profusion of choices; Adj. profuse: plentiful; copious; giving or givenabundantly; extravagant

thừa thãi; dồi dào

progenitor ancestor tổ tiên; người khởi xướngprogeny children; offspring; descendants con cái; dòng dõiprognosis forecasted course of a disease; prediction; Cf. prognostic dự đoánprognosticate predict (according to present indications) tiên đoán, báo tr ướcprohibitive so high as to prohibit purchase or use; tending to prevent the purchase or

use of something; prohibiting; inclined to prevent or forbid; Ex. prohibitivetax

ngăn cấm; cao đến mức ko thể mua được

projectile missile; fired or thrown object (such as stone or bullet) đạn, tên lửa; vật phóng raproletarian member of the working class; blue collar guy; N. proletariat: working class

(who have to work for wages)vô sản

proliferate grow rapidly (in numbers); spread; multiply; N. proliferation sinh sôi nảy nở; tăng nhanhprolific producing offspring or fruit in abundance; fertile; fecund; abundantly fruitful;

producing abundant works; Ex. prolific writersinh sản nhiều, mắn đẻ; đầy phongphú

prolixity tedious wordiness; verbosity; Adj. prolix: wordy; verbose; diffuse tính dài dòng, r ườm ràprologue introduction (to a poem or play) phần mở đầu; sự kiện mở đầuprolong lengthen; extend; draw out kéo dài; gia hạnprominent protruding (sticking out); conspicuous; notable; eminent nhô lên; nổi bật; xuất chúngpromontory headland mũi đất; chỗ lồi lênpromote advance in rank; advance; help to flourish; advocate; help actively in

forming; publicize or popularize; Ex. Milk promotes health; Ex. promote amatch/bill; Ex. promote a new product

đề bạt; thăng chức; khuyến khích

prompt cause; urge; provoke; provide a cue (for an actor); Adj: done without delay;

done at the right time; punctual; on time; N: reminder or cue

thúc giục; gợi ý, nhắc nhở; mau

chóng; đúng giờ; sẵn sàngpromulgate announce; proclaim a doctrine or law; make known by official publication công bố, ban hành; truyền báprone inclined to; likely to (suffer); prostrate; lying with the front downward; Ex.

prone to disease/make mistakes; Ex. accident-pronengả về, thiên về; nằm sóng soài;nghiêng dốc

propellant (=propellent) substance which propels or drives forward (such as anexplosive charge or a rocket fuel)

chất nổ đẩy; đẩy đi, đẩy tới

propensity natural inclination thiên hướng, xu hướng

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prophetic of a prophet or prophecy; having to do with predicting the future; N.prophecy; V. prophesy; N. prophet

tiên tri; nhà tiên tri

propinquity nearness (in space or relationship); proximity; kinship gần gũi; quan hệ huyết thốngpropitiate appease; conciliate; make peaceful; Adj. propitiatory xoa dịu; làm thuận lợipropitious favorable; auspicious; advantageous; fortunate; Ex. propitious day/sign thuận tiện; thích hợp; tốt, lànhpropound put forth for consideration or analysis; set forth; Ex. propound a

problem/theoryđề nghị, đề xuất, gợi ý

propriety fitness; quality of being proper; correct conduct; conformity to prevailingcustoms and usages; Cf. proprietor, proprietary

thích đáng; đúng đắn; phép lịch sự 

prosaic lacking in imagination; dull and unimaginative; matter-of-fact (concernedwith facts, not imagination or feelings); factual; Cf. prose

không sáng tạo; tầm thường; buồntẻ 

proscenium part of stage in front of curtain; front arch of a stage phía tr ước sân khấuproscribe prohibit; ostracize; banish; outlaw tr ục xuất; đặt ngoài vòng pháp luậtproselytize (induce someone to) convert to a religion or belief; N. proselyte: new

convert to a doctrine or religioncải đạo; đổi đạo

prosody art of versification; study of the metrical structure of verse phép làm thơ; môn vần luậtprosperity good fortune and financial success; physical well-being thịnh vượng, phát đạtprostrate stretch out full on ground; make prostrate; enervate; Ex. prostrating illness;

 Adj: lying face down; having lost all strengthquy phục; kiệt sức

protégé (fem. protégée) person receiving protection and support from a patron người được bảo tr ợ, che chở protean able to take on many forms; versatile; Cf. Proteus: sea god to change his

shape at willhay thay đổi, không kiên định;giống thần Prô-tê

protocol diplomatic etiquette; ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats; firstcopy of a treaty before its ratification; Ex. Protocol demands that the queenmeet him at the airport.

nghi thức ngoại giao, lễ tân; nghị định thư 

prototype original work used as a model by others người, vật đầu tiên; nguyên mẫuprotract prolong; lengthen in time; draw out kéo dài, mở r ộng; dài dòngprotrude stick out; jut; project; Ex. protruding teeth nhô ra, lồi ra; bắt phải theoprotuberance protrusion; swelling; bulge sự lồi lên, nhô lên, u sưngprovenance place of origin; origin or source of something; Ex. Gunpowder is of Chinese

provenance; Cf. comenguồn gốc, lai lịch

provender dry food for livestock; fodder thức ăn cho trâu bòprovident providing for future needs; displaying foresight; thrifty; preparing for

emergencies; Op. improvidentlo xa, biết dự phòng; tằn tiện, tiếtkiệm

provincial pertaining to a province; limited in outlook; narrow; unsophisticated có tính chất tỉ nh lẻ provisional tentative; temporary tạm thời, nhất thờiproviso stipulation; condition in an agreement; provision điều khoản; điều kiệnprovocative arousing anger or sexual interest; annoying; Ex. provocative in tight jeans;

V. provoke: incite to anger; cause (an unpleasant action or feeling); N.provocation

thuốc kích thích; xúi giục, khiêukhích

prowess extraordinary ability; military bravery; Ex. prowess in battle thành thạo, tinh thông; lòng dũngcảm

proximity nearness; Adj. proximate gần gũiproxy authorized agent; authority to act for another sự uỷ nhiệm, uỷ quyền; người thay

mặtprude excessively modest or proper person (who is easily shocked by improper

things, esp. of a sexual nature); N. prudery; Adj. prudish: excessivelyconcerned with propriety

cả thẹn; giả bộ đoan trang

prudent cautious; careful; prudential cẩn thận, khôn ngoanprune cut away; trim sửa; tỉ a; xén bớtpry inquire impertinently (someone else's private affairs); use leverage to raise

or open something; prize; N. pries: tool for pryingtò mò, tọc mạch; dò hỏi; người tòmò

pseudonym pen name; fictitious name assumed by an author; Adj. pseudonymous biệt hiệu; bút danhpsyche soul; mind linh hồn, tâm hồnpsychiatrist doctor who treats mental diseases bác s ĩ  tâm thầnpsychopathic pertaining to mental derangement; N. psychopath: person with an antisocial

personality disorderbệnh tâm thần

psychosis mental disorder; Adj. N. psychotic chứng r ối loạn tâm thầnpterodactyl extinct flying reptile; Cf. wing finger thằn lằn ngón cánhpuerile childish; immature; Cf. puer: boy tr ẻ con, non nớt, khờ dạipugilist boxer; Cf. pugilism: boxing võ s ĩ  quyền Anh chuyên nghiệppugnacity combativeness; disposition to fight; Adj. pugnacious: (of people) belligerent;

combative in naturehay gây gổ, thích đánh nhau

puissant powerful; strong; potent; N. puissance: power hùng mạnh, hùng cườngpulchritude beauty; comeliness; Adj. pulchritudinous vẻ đẹppulmonary pertaining to the lungs phổi

pulsate throb; beat regularly; vibrate regularly dao động, rung độngpulverize crush or grind into very small particles tán nhỏ, nghiền nhỏ, giã nhỏ punctilious minutely attentive (perhaps too much so) to fine points; stressing niceties of

conduct or form; N. punctilio, punctiliousness: careful attention paid to everysmall exact detail

k ĩ  tính, câu nệ 

pundit authority on a subject; expert; learned person nhà học giả uyên thâm, nhà phêbình, bình luận

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pungent stinging; acrid; sharp in taste or smell; (of speech or writing) caustic; N.pungency

hăng, cay (ớt); sắc sảo; sâu cay

punitive punishing; Ex. punitive measures nhằm tr ừng phạt; gây khó khănpurchase secure grasp or hold; firm grasp or footing điểm tựa, chỗ bám; kéo, bẩypurgatory place of spiritual expiation; temporary state or place in which the souls must

expiate their sinsnơi ăn năn hối lỗi; nơi đau khổ; sự ăn năn chuộc tội

purge remove or get rid of something or someone unwanted; eliminate; free fromblame or guilt; cleanse or purify (esp. of sin, guilt, or defilement); N.

thanh lọc; thanh tr ừng; làm sạch,gột r ửa

purity (n) integrity; something being whole or untouched tinh khiết, nguyên chấtpurport intention; purpose; meaning; V: claim; profess; Ex. order which purports to

be signed by the generalmục đích, nội dung, ngụ ý

purported alleged; claimed; reputed or rumored; Ex. purported Satanists có ý định, có tham vọng; nổi tiếngpurse pucker; contract (lips) into wrinkles; N: wallet mắm, mím, b ĩ u môi; cau, nhíu màypurveyor furnisher of foodstuffs; caterer; V. purvey: supply (eg. food); furnish; Cf.

providengười/công ti cung cấp hàng hoá

pusillanimous cowardly; lacking courage; fainthearted nhát gan, r ụt rè, yếu hènputative supposed; reputed; generally regarded as such; Ex. putative father of the

childgiả định là; cho là

putrid decayed and foul-smelling; foul; rotten; decayed; N. putridity phân huỷ, thối r ữa

Qquack charlatan; impostor lang băm; kẻ bất tàiquadruped four-footed animal; Adj. Cf. biped động vật 4 chânquaff drink with zest; drink with relish (zest; hearty enjoyment); Cf. sip uống một hơi dài, nốc cạnquail cower; shrink back in fear; lose heart mất tinh thần, run sợ, nao núngquaint odd in an old-fashioned way; odd; old-fashioned; picturesque cổ; lạ; kì quặcqualified limited; restricted; V. qualify: limit the meaning of; modify hạn chế, dè dặt; đủ khả năngqualms uneasy feelings; misgivings; uneasy fears especially about matters of

conscience; Ex. I have no qualms about giving this assignment to Helene ngại, day dứt, băn khoăn

quandary dilemma; state of uncertainty; Ex. She is in a quandary about whether to go. tình thế khó xử; lúng túngquarantine isolation of a person, place, or ship to prevent spread of infection; V: isolate

in quarantinecách ly

quarry person or animal of pursuit; victim; object of a hunt; prey con mồi; người bị truy nãquash crush; suppress; squash; subdue; annul; Ex. quash a rebellion/the decision

of the low courthuỷ bỏ; tr ấn áp

quay dock; wharf; pier; landing place (for boats) ke; bến cảngqueasy experiencing nausea; nauseated; easily nauseated; squeamish; Ex. feel a

little queasylàm nôn mửa; buồn nôn; dễ buồnnôn

quell suppress; put an end to; put down forcibly; extinguish; quiet; Ex. "ArmyQuells Rebellion" in newspaper; Cf. kill đàn áp; chế ngự, kìm nénquench assuage or satisfy (thrust); slake; douse or extinguish; put out; suppress chấm dứt; dập tắt (lửa, ánh sáng);

làm dịu bớtquerulous given to complaining; complaining; fretful; whining hay càu nhàu, hay than phiềnquery inquiry; question; V. truy vấnqueue line (of waiting people or vehicles) hàng đợiquibble minor objection or complaint; V: raise minor objections; carp; cavil phản đối, chỉ  tríchquietude tranquility; calmness sự yên t ĩ nh, thanh thảnquintessence purest and highest embodiment; perfect example; apotheosis; most

essential element; Ex. quintessence of wit; Adj. quintessential; Cf. fifthessence

tinh chất; tinh tuý; nguyên tố thứ năm; thí dụ hoàn hảo

quip taunt; clever sarcastic remark; V. lời châm biếm, lời nói chua cayquirk sudden sharp turn or twist; startling twist; caprice; idiosyncrasy; peculiarity

of behavior; Ex. by a quirk of fate

thói quen, tật; tình cờ; lời giễu cợt;

lời thoái thác; nét chữ uốn cong;đường xoiquisling traitor who aids invaders; Cf. Vidkun Quisling kẻ phản bộiquiver case for arrows ống tênquiver tremble; shake; N. rung, run; vỗ, đập nhẹ quixotic idealistic but impractical; Cf. Don Quixote hào hiệp viển vôngquizzical curious; suggesting puzzlement (without saying); questioning; teasing;

mocking; bantering; Ex. quizzical glancethách đố, hơi chế nhạo; lố bịch, kìquặc

quorum minimal number of members necessary to conduct a meeting số đại biểu quy địnhquotidian daily; commonplace; customary; Ex. quotidian routine hằng ngày; nhàm

Rrabid of or suffering rabies; like a fanatic; extremely zealous; furious; Cf. rabies:

hydrophobia(thuộc) bệnh dại; hung dữ, điênloạn; mất hết lí trí

raconteur story-teller; one who tells stories with wit and skill người có tài kể chuyệnragamuffin dirty child in torn clothes; person wearing tattered clothes đứa bé nhếch nhácrail complain bitterly; scold; rant; Ex. the weaker railing against injustices chửi bới, mắng nhiếc, xỉ  vả raiment clothing; garments; Ex. I have no raiment fit to wear. quần áo, y phụcrakish jaunty; stylish; sporty; morally corrupt; dissolute; Ex. He wore his hat at a

rakish and jaunty angle.phóng đãng; ngông nghênh, ngangtàng

rally come or bring together; call up or summon (forces, vital powers, etc.); revive tập hợp lại; đại hội; phục hồi; chế 

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or recuperate (after illness or difficulty); N: act of rallying; mass gathering giễuramble wander aimlessly (physically or mentally); digress dạo chơi, ngao duramification branching out; subdivision; one branch of a system; one of the results

following from an action or decision; Ex. ramifications of a business/thedecision

phân nhánh; chi nhánh

ramp slope; inclined plane or roadway (connecting two levels) bờ dốc, dốc; bệ phóngrampant growing or spreading uncontrollably; growing in profusion; unrestrained; Ex.

rampant lawlessness/weedhung hăng, hùng hổ; không kiềmchế được

rampart defensive mound of earth thành luỹ; phòng vệ ramshackle (of a building or vehicle) poorly constructed; rickety; falling apart xiêu vẹo, đổ nátrancid having the odor of stale or decomposing fat; rank mùi ôi thiu (thức ăn)

rancor long-lasting hatred; bitterness; Ex. negotiation without rancor; Adj.rancorous

thù oán

rankle irritate; fester; annoy viêm, sưng tấy; giày vò, day dứtrant speak violently or excitedly; rave; talk excitedly showing anger; scold; make

a grandiloquent speech; Ex. The priest ranted about the devil.nói huênh hoang;

rapacious voracious; ravenous; taking everything one can; excessively grasping;plundering; subsisting on live prey; Ex. rapacious birds

tham lam, keo kiệt; cướp bóc, tr ộmcắp

rapport close relationship; emotional closeness; harmony quan hệ hoà hợp, tốtrapt engrossed; absorbed; enchanted; Ex. rapt listener mê ly; chăm chú, say mêrarefied made less dense (of a gas); V. rarefy: make less dense; N. rarefaction làm loãng (không khí)raspy making a harsh noise; grating; harsh dễ cáuratify approve formally; confirm; verify thông qua, phê chuẩnratiocination reasoning; act of drawing conclusions from premises; V. ratiocinate: reason

logicallycó suy luận, suy lí

rationale fundamental reason or principle (on which a system or principle is based);fundamental reason or justification; grounds for an action

lí do căn bản; cách phân tíchnguồn gốc

rationalize make rational; devise false reasons for (one's behavior); offer an excuse;give a plausible reason for an action in place of a true, less admirable ones;N. rationalization

hợp lí hoá; giải thích duy lí; theo cnduy lí

raucous (of voice) harsh and unpleasant; (of people) disorderly and boisterous; Ex.raucous shouts

khàn khàn

ravage devastate; plunder; despoil; Ex. crops ravaged by storms tàn phá, cướp bócravel fall apart into tangles; entangle; unravel or untwist sự r ắc r ối, phức tạp; làm r ối/gỡ r ốiravenous extremely hungry; voracious ngấu nghiến; phàm ănravine narrow valley with steep sides; gorge; Cf. gully, canyon khe núi, hẻm núiray discharge but longer and more flowing toả, r ọi, chiếu (ánh sáng)raze destroy completely; Ex. raze the city to the ground phá tr ụi

reactionary strongly opposed to social or political change; opposing progress; politicallyultraconservative; N. Op. radical phản động; kẻ phản độngrealm kingdom; field or sphere; Ex. not within the realms of possibility vương quốc; địa hạtreaper one who harvests grain; Ex. the Grim Reaper; V. reap: cut and gather

(crop); harvest a cropngười gặt, máy gặt

rebate return of part of a payment; discount; V. hạ giá; giảm bớt; đường rãnhrebuff reject bluntly; snub; beat back; Ex. She rebuffed his invitation; N. cự tuyệt; đẩy luirebuke scold harshly; criticize severely khiển trách, quở tráchrebus representation of words in the form of pictures or symbols; puzzle in which

pictures or letters stand for words; Ex. "R U 18" is a rebus for "Are you 18".câu đố, bài thơ đố bằng hình vẽ 

rebuttal refutation; response with contrary evidence; V. rebut: refute; disprove bác bỏ; từ chốirecalcitrant disobedient or resisting authority even after being punished; obstinately

stubborn; determined to resist authority; unruly; Ex. recalcitrant childngoan cố, hay cãi lại

recant disclaim or disavow; retract a previous statement; openly confess error; Ex.

recant one's faith/a statement

rút lui, từ bỏ 

recapitulate summarize tóm tắtrecast reconstruct (a sentence, story, statue, etc.); fashion again đúc lại; phân vai lạireceptive quick or willing to receive (ideas, suggestions, etc.); Ex. receptive to the

proposaldễ tiếp thu, dễ l ĩ nh hội

recession withdrawal; retreat; time of low economic activity lùi lại, rút đi; suy thoái kinh tế recidivism habitual return to crime (even after being punished); N. recidivist sự phạm lại tộirecipient receiver người nhậnreciprocal mutual; given and received in return; exchangeable; interacting; Ex.

reciprocal trade agreementqua lại, tương hỗ 

reciprocate do or give something in return; repay in kind; give or take mutually;interchange; move backwards and forwards; Ex. reciprocate his invitation byinviting him; N. reciprocity: reciprocal relationship; mutual interchange ofadvantages between two groups; Ex. reciprocity in trading rights

tr ả, đền đáp; trao đổi; tương hỗ 

recluse hermit; loner; Adj. reclusive ẩn dậtreconcile make friendly again (after quarrel); make consistent (two ideas inopposition); correct inconsistencies; Ex. reconcile one's political principleswith one's religious beliefs

giải hoà, làm tương thích; camchịu; tẩy uế 

recondite abstruse; not easily understood; profound; secret bí hiểm; tr ừu tượngreconnaissance survey of enemy by soldiers; reconnoitering; V. reconnoiter: make a

preliminary inspection of (esp. to gather military information)trinh sát, do thám; thăm dò, khảosát tr ước

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recount narrate or tell (a story); count over again thuật k ĩ  lại, kể lại chi tiếtrecourse resorting to help when in trouble; Ex. without recourse to cầu viện; trông cậy vàorecrimination countercharges; V. recriminate tố cáo lẫn nhaurectify set right; correct; Cf. rect-: right sửa, chỉ nhrectitude moral correctness; moral uprightness; moral virtue; correctness of judgment ngay thẳng, chính tr ựcrecumbent reclining; lying down completely or in part nằm, nằm nghiêngrecuperate recover; return to health; regain; Ex. recuperate losses hồi phục, thu hồirecurrent occurring again and again tr ở lại luôn; có định kì; hồi quyredolent odorous; fragrant; suggestive (of an odor); Ex. redolent of onions/mystery thơm phức; làm gợi lạiredoubtable formidable; causing fear đáng ngại, đáng gờmredress remedy; compensation; Ex. seek redress for the damage to your car; V: put

right; remedy or rectify (a wrong); make amends foruốn nắn, sửa lại; đền bù

redundant superfluous; more than is necessary; verbose; excessively wordy;repetitious

thừa; r ườm rà

reek emit (an unpleasant odor or smoke); give off an unpleasant odor; give outsmoke; Ex. reeking chimney; N: unpleasant odor; stench

nồng nặc, hôi thối; khói dày đặc;bốc khói

refectory dining hall; room where meals are served (in a school) phòng ăn, nhà ănrefraction bending of a ray of light sự khúc xạ refractory unmanageable; disobedient and stubborn; Ex. refractory horse ngang bướng; chịu lửa, khó nungrefrain abstain from; resist; forbear; N: chorus điệp khúc; kiềm chế refulgent effulgent; brilliant; brightly shining; gleaming; Ex. refulgent moon chói lọi, r ực r ỡ; huy hoàngrefurbish renovate; make clean, bright, or fresh (make new) again; make bright by

polishing; Ex. refurbish an old theater; Cf. furbish: polishtân trang

refute disprove; prove to be false; N. refutation bắt bẻ, phản bác

regal royal; of a monarch; Ex. regal manner vương giả, vua chúaregale entertain đặt tiệc, thiết đãi; làm vui thíchregeneration spiritual rebirth; Ex. regeneration of the prisoners; V. regenerate: give or

obtain new life; reform spirituallysự tái sinh, tự cải tạo

regicide murder of a king or queen kẻ giết vua; tội giết vuaregime method of system or government chế độ, cách thức cai tr ị regimen prescribed course of diet or exercise; prescribed diet and habits; Ex. daily

regimen of a dancerđiều dưỡng

regiment military unit; V: subject to strict order; Ex. regimented society trung đoànrehabilitate restore to proper condition (health or useful life); restore the former rank of phục hồi; cải tạo, xây dựng lạireimburse repay; pay back hoàn tr ả; bồi hoànreiterate repeat làm lại; nói lại; lặp lạirejoinder reply; retort; comeback; V. rejoin: say in reply đáp lại; cãi lạirejuvenate make young again làm tr ẻ lại, làm khoẻ lại

relegate put into a lower or worse place; banish to an inferior position; delegate;assign; Ex. relegate the old furniture to the children's room; Ex. relegated tothe second division

loại bỏ, bỏ r ơi; đày ải

relent become less severe; give in (surrender); Adj. relentless: unyielding;continuously severe

bớt nghiêm khắc, bớt chặt chẽ, bớtgay gắt

relevant having importance; pertinent; referring to the case in hand; N. relevance,relevancy

thích hợp, có liên quan

relic surviving remnant (from an extinct culture); memento; keepsake; relics:corpse; Ex. ancient relics; Ex. relics of his travel; Ex. His relics are buried.

di vật, di tích; thánh tích (tôn giáo)

relinquish give up something (with reluctance); yield; release; Ex. relinquish power/theclaim to the land/his hold on my arm

từ bỏ; buông, thả 

relish enjoy; savor; N: enjoyment; zest có sức lôi cuốn, hấp dẫn; gia vị,hương vị 

remediable reparable có thể sửa chữa; có thể đền bù

reminiscence recollection; V. reminisce: recollect the past sự hồi tưởng; tập hồi kíremiss negligent; careless about a duty cẩu thả; vô trách nhiệm; yếu đuốiremission temporary moderation (of disease symptoms); remitting of a debt or

punishment; cancellation of a debt; pardon; Ex. The disease went intoremission; Ex. Christians pray for the remission of sins.

tha thứ, miễn giảm

remnant remainder cái còn lại, vật còn thừa; dấu vếtcòn lại, tàn dư 

remonstrate protest; objection; V. remonstrate: say in protest phản đối, quở tráchremorse deep regret for wrongdoing; guilt; self-reproach sự hối hận; lòng thương hạiremunerative (of work) compensating; rewarding; profitable; well-paid; V. remunerate:

reward; pay (someone) for work or troubleđể thưởng, đền đáp; được tr ả hậu

render give; deliver; provide; represent in verbal or artistic form; depict; perform;make; translate; Ex. render the song beautifully

nộp, trao; đưa ra, nêu ra

rendezvous meeting place; meeting at a set time or place; V. điểm hẹn

rendition rendering; translation; artistic interpretation of a song, etc diễn đạt, diễn xuất; dịchrenegade deserter; traitor; Adj. kẻ phản bội; người nổi loạnrenege break a promise; deny; go back on; Ex. renege on the contract/paying off

the debtbội ước, thất hứa

renounce abandon; give up (by formal announcement); disown; repudiate; Ex.renounce one's claim to the property/one's religion; N. renunciation

từ bỏ, không thừa nhận

renovate restore to good condition; renew nâng cấp; cải tiến; đổi mới

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renown fame; Adj. renowned danh tiếngrent tear made by rending; rip; split chỗ rách, nẻ, nứtreparable capable of being repaired có thể đền bù, bồi thường (thiệt

hại)reparation compensation (for loss or wrong); amends; Ex. make reparation for the

damage; Cf. repairsự bồi thường, đền bù (thiệt hại)

repartee quick clever reply sự ứng đối, sự đối đáprepast meal; feast; banquet bữa ănrepeal revoke; annul huỷ bỏ; bãi bỏ repel drive away; disgust; Ex. repel the attack/moisture; Ex. repelled by the dirty

room; Cf. repulsionđẩy đi xa, đẩy lùi; làm ghê tởm

repellent driving away; disgusting; offensive; repulsive; unattractive; N. đẩy ra; ghê tởm; làm khó chịurepercussion rebound; reaction; reverberation; Ex. serious repercussion dội lại, tiếng vọng; ảnh hưởng, hậu

quả repertoire list of works of music, drama, etc., a performer is prepared to present; Cf.

repertorytiết mục biểu diễn

repine fret; complain; be annoyed; Ex. repine over the undone work phàn nàn, than phiền, cằn nhằnreplenish fill up again làm đầy; được bổ sungreplete fully filled; filled to the brim or to the point of being stuffed; abundantly

supplied; Ex. report replete with errorsno nê, thừa mứa

replicate reproduce; duplicate; N: replica tái tạo, tạo bản saoreprehensible deserving blame; blameworthy; V. reprehend: blame đáng bị chỉ  trích, đáng bị khiển

tráchrepress hold back (the natural expression of); restrain; crush; oppress; Ex.

repressed child; Ex. repress a laugh/rebellionngăn chặn, tr ấn áp; kiềm chế 

reprieve postponement or cancellation of a punishment; temporary stay; V: postponeor cancel the punishment of

trì hoãn, huỷ bỏ, ân xá, cứu giúptạm thời

reprimand reprove severely; rebuke; N. khiển trách; quở tráchreprisal retaliation sự tr ả thù, tr ả đũareprise musical repetition; repeating of a piece of music; repeat performance;

recurrent action; Ex. reprise in the finale; Ex. constant reprisesđiệp khúc

reproach blame (not angrily but sadly); express disapproval or disappointment; N. Adj. reproachful

chỉ  trích; sỉ  nhục

reprobate morally disapproved person; person hardened in sin, devoid of a sense ofdecency; Cf. disapproved by God?

kẻ vô lại

reprobation severe disapproval; Cf. approbation sự chê bai kịch liệtrepudiate disown; disavow; deny từ chốirepugnance disgust; strong dislike; loathing; Adj. repugnant: arousing disgust; repulsive đáng ghét; phê bình; mâu thuẫn,

chống lạirepulsion distaste; disgust; act of driving back; Adj. repulsive: causing disgust; tending

to drive away; V. repel (not `repulse')kinh tởm, lợm giọng; lực đẩy

reputable respectable; having a good reputation có danh tiếng tốt; đáng tr ọngreputed supposed; Ex. reputed father of the child; V. repute: consider; N. repute:

reputation; esteemđược coi là, giả sử là

requiem mass for the dead; dirge lễ cầu hồnrequisite necessary requirement; something required; Adj: required; necessary điều kiện tất yếu; đòi hỏi cần thiếtrequite make return for; repay; reciprocate; revenge; N. requital tr ả thù, báo oánrescind repeal; annul; cancel (a law, decision, or agreement) thủ tiêu; bãi bỏ resentment indignation; bitterness; displeasure; V. resent: feel anger about oán giậnreserve self-control; self-restraint; formal but distant manner; reticence; Ex. without

reserve: freely and openly; Adj. reserved: shy and uncommunicativehạn chế, giới hạn; dự tr ữ 

residue remainder; balance phần còn lại; thặng dư 

resignation patiently submissiveness; statement that one is quitting a job; Adj. resigned:acquiescent từ chức; xin thôi việc; nhường,cam chịuresilient elastic; having the power of springing back; able to recover quickly (as from

misfortune)co giãn, đàn hồi

resolution determination; resoluteness; Adj. resolute: firm or determined in purpose cương quyết, kiên quyết; nghị quyết

resolve determination; resolution; firmness of purpose quyết tâm; kiên quyếtresonant (of a sound) echoing; resounding (sounding loudly); deep and full in sound;

producing resonance; Ex. resonant voice; N. resonancevang dội, vang r ền

respiration breathing; exhalation; Adj. respiratory sự thở, sự hô hấp, hơi thở respite time for rest; interval of relief; delay in punishment; reprieve sự hoãn; thời gian nghỉ  ngơiresplendent brilliant; splendid in appearance; dazzling; glorious chói lọi, r ực r ỡ, lộng lẫyresponsiveness state of reacting readily to appeals, orders, etc.; Adj. responsive: readily

reacting; Ex. responsive to treatmentsự đáp ứng

restitution returning something (lost or stolen) to the rightful owner; reparation;indemnification; compensation for loss, damage, or injury hoàn tr ả; phục hồi; bồi thường

restive impatiently restless (induced by external coercion or restriction); restlesslyimpatient; obstinately resisting control; Ex. restive horses because ofwolves; Cf. not a general synonym for `restless'

bồn chồn; ngang bướng, bất kham

restraint moderation or self-control; controlling force; restriction kiềm chế; hạn chế resumption taking up again; recommencement; V. resume: begin or take up again; take bắt đầu lại, tiếp tục lại

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or occupy again; Ex. Kindly resume your seats.resurge rise again; flow to and fro; N. resurgence; Adj. resurgent: (of ideas or

beliefs) experiencing revival; surging againsống lại

resuscitate revive; bring back to life or consciousness; Ex. resuscitate the drownedchild

làm tỉ nh lại; làm cho được chuộnglại

retain keep; maintain possession of; employ (esp. a lawyer or advisor); N. retainer:servant; fee paid to retain an advisor

giữ lại

retaliate repay in kind (usually for bad treatment); V. retaliate tr ả đũa, tr ả thùretentive holding; able to retain things (esp. facts in the mind); having a good memory có khả năng nhớ; nhớ lâureticent inclined to silence; uncommunicative; reserved; Ex. He was reticent about

the reasons; N. reticencetr ầm lặng; kín đáo, dè dặt

retinue following; attendants đoàn tuỳ tùngretiring shy and reserved (of a person); modest; Ex. her retiring personality nhút nhát; kín đáoretort quick sharp reply; V. sự đối đáp lại; sự tr ả đũaretract withdraw; take back; draw back; Ex. retract a statement/an offer/claws; N.

retraction; Cf. retractileco r ụt vào; rút lại, rút lui

retrench cut down; cut down expenses; economize tiết kiệm; cắt giảmretribution deserved punishment for wrongdoing; punishment for offenses;

compensation; vengeance; Cf. pay backsự tr ừng phạt, sự báo thù

retrieve recover; put right; find and bring in; regain; Ex. retrieve the situation lấy lại; khôi phục lạiretroactive taking effect before its enactment (as a law) or imposition (as a tax); (of a

law) having effect on the past as well as the futurecó hiệu lực từ quá khứ 

retrograde go backwards; recede; degenerate; deteriorate; Adj. thụt lùi; thoái hoá; ngược; rút lui;lạc hậu

retrospective looking back on the past; N. retrospection; V. retrospect hồi tưởng quá khứ; có hiệu lực từ quá khứ 

revelry boisterous merrymaking; V. revel: engage boisterous festivities; enjoygreatly; N: boisterous festivity or celebration

cuộc chè chén say sưa

reverberate echo repeatedly; resound; Ex. The thunder reverberated across the valley. dội lại; phản chiếureverent respectful; worshipful; V. revere: regard with reverence; N. reverence:

profound respecttôn kính, sùng kính

reverie daydream; abstracted musing sự mơ mộng; ảo tưởngrevert relapse; backslide; turn back to; return to the former owner; N. reversion tr ở lại (tr ạng thái cũ, đề tài cũ, thói

quen cũ…)revile attack with abusive language; vilify (slander) chửi r ủa; mắng nhiếcrevoke cancel; retract; Cf. irrevocable thu hồi, rút lại, huỷ bỏ revulsion sudden strong feeling of disgust; sudden violent change of feeling; negative

reaction; Ex. revulsion from the scenes of torturethay đổi đột ngột; sự khiếp sợ 

rhapsodize speak or write in an exaggeratedly enthusiastic manner; Ex. rhapsodizeover the beauty of the scenery

nói, viết một cách hào hứng phấnkhởi

rhetoric art of effective communication; art of using language effectively andpersuasively; style of speaking or writing; grandiloquent language; Ex.political rhetoric; Adj. rhetorical; Cf. rhetorical question: question to which noanswer is expected as "Who knows it ?"

tu từ học; thuật hùng biện

ribald marked by vulgar lewd humor; wanton; profane; N. ribaldry: ribald languageor joke

khôi hài tục t ĩ u, thô bỉ ; người haynói tục

riddle pierce with holes; permeate or spread throughout; Ex. The gunman riddledthe car with bullets; Ex. The whole report is riddled with errors; N. largesieve (separating earth from stone)

điều bí ẩn, khó hiểu, câu đố; sànglọc; bắn thủng lỗ chỗ 

rider amendment or clause added to a legislative bill phần phụ lụcrife (of something bad) widespread; abundant; current lan tràn, hoành hành, có nhiềurift narrow opening in a large mass; break in a friendly relation; Ex. through a

rift in the clouds; Op. reconciliationkẽ hở, kẽ nứt; r ạn nứt, bất hoà

rig fix or manipulate; manipulate dishonestly for personal gain; Ex. rig theelection

cách sắp đặt, ăn mặc

rigid hard and unbending; stiff and unyielding; fixed in behavior or views; strict;rigorous; Ex. rigid rule

cứng ngắc; khắt khe, tàn nhẫn

rigor severity; Ex. rigors of the Russian winter sự khắc nghiệt; sự khắc khổ; sự khắt khe nghiêm ngặt

rile irritate; vex; muddy chọc tức, trêu chọcrivulet small stream; Cf. rill < rivulet < river lạch, ngòiroam travel; walk lang thangrobust strong; vigorous tráng kiện; cường trángrococo ornate; highly decorated; N. Cf. 18th century trang trí cầu kì kiểu rococo (TK18)roil make liquids murky by stirring up sediment; disturb khuấy đục; chọc tứcroseate rosy; optimistic; Ex. roseate views màu hồng, yêu đời, lạc quan

roster list (of names) bảng kê tên, bảng phân côngrostrum raised platform for speech-making; pulpit diễn đànrote repetition; memorization through repetition without understanding; Ex. learn

poetry by rotehọc vẹt

rotunda circular building or hall covered with a dome nhà mái vòmrousing lively; inducing excitement; stirring; V. rouse: waken; arouse from sleep or

depression; excite; stir upkích động, làm phấn chấn; đánhthức; nồng nhiệt, sôi nổi

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rout put to rout; stampede; drive out; N: complete defeat and disorderly retreat đám đông, ồn ào; hỗn độnrubble fragments (esp. from a destroyed building) mảnh vỡ rubric title or heading (in red print); directions for religious ceremony; protocol đề mục, chuyên mụcruddy reddish; (of the face) reddish and healthy-looking hồng hào, khoẻ mạnhrudimentary elementary; not developed; crude; N. rudiment: fundamental element or

principle; Ex. rudiments of the languagesơ bộ, sơ đẳng; thô sơ 

rue regret; lament; mourn; Ex. He will rue the day; N. Adj. rueful ăn năn, hối hậnruffian violent scoundrel; bully côn đồ, tên vô lại, lưu manhrugged rough gồ ghề, thô, lởm chởmrummage ransack; thoroughly search lục lọi; tìm kiếm; đồ linh tinhrunic mysterious; set down in an ancient alphabet; N. rune: one of the letters of

an alphabet used by ancient Germanic peoples (cut on stone or wood);magic charm

chữ Run, viết bằng chữ Run

ruse trick to deceive; stratagem mưu mẹo; bịp bợmrustic pertaining to country people; unsophisticated; simple; crude; uncouth; (of

furniture) rough with the bark left on; N. rural person; rustic personmộc mạc; quê mùa

rusticate banish to the country; dwell in the country về sống ở nông thôn; thú điền viênruthless pitiless; merciless; cruel tàn nhẫn, độc ác

Ssaboteur one who commits sabotage; destroyer of property; N. sabotage: destruction

of property (usually carried out secretly)người phá hoại

saccharine cloying sweet; characteristic of sugar or saccharin có t/c đườngsacrilegious desecrating; profane; N. sacrilege: desecration, misuse, or theft of

something sacredphạm thượng, báng bổ 

sacrosanct inviolably sacred; most sacred; inviolable bất khả xâm phạm; ko thể thay đổisadistic inclined to cruelty; N. sadism: delight in cruelty tàn bạo; độc ácsaga Scandinavian myth; any legend; long heroic narrative xaga (truyện dân gian của các dân

tộc Bắc Âu về một nhân vật, mộtdòng họ); truyện chiến công

sagacious wise; perceptive; shrewd; having insight; N. sagacity minh mẫn; sắc sảosage person celebrated for wisdom; wise person; Adj: wise nhà hiền triết, người uyên bácsalacious lascivious; lustful; Ex. salacious monk tục t ĩ u, dâm ôsalient prominent; projecting beyond a line; conspicuous; Ex. salient features nhô ra; nổi bật; phun ra, vọt rasaline salty mặn; vị mặnsallow (of the skin) yellowish and unhealthy-looking; sickly in color; Ex. sallow

complexion due to jaundicetái xám (da)

salubrious healthful; conducive to health or well-being; socially desirable; Ex.

salubrious area; Cf. health

có lợi cho sức khoẻ 

salutary tending to improve; beneficial; wholesome; Ex. The punishment had asalutary effect on the boy; Cf. health

bổ ích, có lợi; tốt lành

salvage rescue (goods or property) from loss; N: saving; property saved cứu hộ sanctimonious displaying ostentatious or hypocritical devoutness; N. sanctimony:

hypocritical pietytỏ ra cao đạo, tỏ ra mộ đạo

sanction approve; ratify; N: permission; penalty intended to enforce compliance thừa nhận, đồng ýsanctuary place of refuge; shelter; shrine; holy place; Ex. The outlaw was granted

sanctuary in the church.nơi linh thiêng; nơi cư trú

sanguinary bloody; with much bloodshed khát máu, đẫm máusanguine optimistic; cheerful; hopeful; of the color of blood; red lạc quan, hồng hào; đỏ như máusap diminish; weaken; undermine the foundations of (a fortification); Ex. The

element kryptonite sapped his strength.làm suy yếu, làm hao mòn

sarcasm cutting ironic remark; scornful remarks; stinging rebuke; Adj. sarcastic lời chế nhạo, mỉ a mai

sardonic scornfully mocking; disdainful; sarcastic; cynical; Ex. sardonic smile nhạo báng; khinh miệtsartorial pertaining to tailors or tailoring; Ex. a man of great sartorial elegance; Cf.sartor: tailor

thợ may

sate satisfy to the full; satisfy to excess; cloy làm thoả mãnsatellite small body revolving around a larger one vệ tinhsatiate satisfy fully (physical needs such as hunger); sate; N. satiety: condition of

being satiatedchán ngấy, thoả mãn

satire form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed toattack human vice and folly; Adj. satirical

trào phúng, châm biếm, mỉ a mai

saturate soak thoroughly; imbue; impregnate; charge; fill to capacity thấm đẫm; làm bão hoàsaunter stroll (go for a leisurely walk) slowly; N. tản bộ; thơ thẩnsavant scholar; learned person; Cf. savoir: know nhà bác học, học giả savor enjoy; have a distinctive flavor, smell, or quality; N: taste or smell; distinctive

qualityhương vị; thưởng thức

savory pleasant in taste; tasty; pleasing, attractive, or agreeable; Ex. savoryreputation thơm ngon, ngon miệng

scabbard case for a sword blade; sheath vỏ, bao (kiếm)scads a great quantity; Ex. scads of clothes số lượng, khối lượng lớnscaffold temporary platform for workers (to work at heights above the ground);

bracing framework; platform for executiongiàn giáo; đoạn đầu đài

scale climb up; ascend; remove or come off in scales; N: flake of epidermis; leo trèo; chia độ; vẽ bản đồ 

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ascending or descending series of musical tonesscanty meager; insufficient ít ỏi, chật chộiscapegoat someone who bears the blame for others; whipping boy; Cf. escape+goat anh chàng bung xungscavenge hunt through discarded materials for usable items or food; search,

especially for food; N. scavenger: one who scavenges; animal that feeds onrefuse and carrion

lọc sạch chất bẩn

scenario plot outline; screenplay (script for a movie); opera libretto; outline ofpossible future events

kịch bản; viễn cảnh

schematic of a schema or scheme; relating to an outline or diagram; using a system ofsymbols; N. schema: diagrammatic representation; outline

(thuộc) lược đồ, giản đồ, sơ đồ;giản lược, sơ lược

schism division into factions (esp. within a religious body); split ly gián; phân ly

scintilla trace; minute amount; shred; least bit; Ex. There is not a scintilla of truth; Cf.spark

một tí, một mảy may

scintillate sparkle; flash; be animated; be full of life; Ex. scintillating conversation nhấp nháy, lấp lánh; lỗi lạc, tế nhị scoff laugh (at); mock; ridicule; Ex. scoff at their threats chế giễu, nhạo bángscotch stamp out (put an end to); thwart; hinder; Ex. scotch the rumor; Cf. cut; kết thúc, chặn đứng (làm hỏng một

kế hoạch)scourge lash; whip (formerly used for punishment); source of severe punishment; V:

whip; afflicttr ừng phạt, phê bình nghiêm khắc

scruple hesitate for ethical reasons; fret about; Ex. She did not scruple to read hisdiary; N: uneasy feeling arising from conscience; conscience

lưỡng lự, cân nhắc; ngại ngùng; số lượng r ất ít (ko đáng kể)

scrupulous conscientious; extremely thorough; Ex. scrupulous worker tỉ  mỉ ; thận tr ọngscrutinize examine closely and critically; N. scrutiny nhìn chăm chú; xem xét k ĩ  scuffle struggle confusedly; move off in a confused hurry; N. Cf. scuffling twins? ẩu đả; tranh giànhscurrilous abusive; obscene; indecent; Ex. scurrilous remark thô bỉ , lỗ mãngscurry move hastily; hurry; move briskly nhốn nháo, hối hả; lo âuscurvy contemptible; despicable; N: disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin C đáng khinh, tầm thường; bệnh

sco-bút (thiếu C)scuttle sink (a ship) by cutting holes in the hull; scrap; discard; N: small hatch in a

ship's deck or hullđục lỗ; đập vụn; đuổi, thải hồi; cửađập nước

seamy sordid; base; filthy; unwholesome; Ex. seamy side of city life đê tiện, tồi tệ sear burn the surface of; char or burn; brand; parch; cause (a plant) to wither làm khô, héo; đóng dấu bằng sắt

nung, đốtseasoned experienced dày dạn, dễ sử dụngsecession withdrawal; V. secede: withdraw formally from membership sự ra khỏi, sự ly khaiseclusion isolation; solitude; V. seclude: set apart from others; isolate tách biệt, ẩn dật; hẻo lánh; riêng tưsecrete conceal; hide away or cache; produce and release a substance into an

organism; Cf. secretivecất giấu; tiết ra, sản ra

sect separate religious body; faction; group of people with common beliefs withina larger group

môn phái, giáo phái; phái

secular worldly; not pertaining to church matters or religion; temporal thế tục; ko nằm trong cộng đồngtôn giáo

sedate composed (with no excitement); grave; V: administer a sedative to; Cf.sedative

bình thản, tr ầm t ĩ nh

sedentary requiring sitting; done while sitting; not moving from one place to another;settled; Ex. sedentary job/population

ngồi nhiều; ít di chuyển

sedition conduct or language inciting rebellion; rebellion; resistance to authority;insubordination; Adj. seditious

xúi giục nổi loạn

sedulous diligent; assiduous; paying attention; N. sedulity cần cù, chăm chỉ  seedy run-down; decrepit; disreputable; having many seeds; Ex. seedy downtown

hotelnhiều hạt; tiều tuỵ; ô danh; xơ xác;khó ở; có mùi cỏ dại

seemly (of behavior) proper; appropriate tề chỉ nh, lịch sự seep pass slowly through small openings; ooze; trickle; N. seepage r ỉ  qua, thấm quaseethe be violently disturbed; boil; (of a liquid) move about wildly as if boiling; Ex.

The nation was seething with discontent.náo động; sôi, sủi bọt; kích động

seine seine net; net for catching fish lưới kéo; đánh cá bằng lưới kéoseismic pertaining to earthquakes động đất, địa chấnsemblance outward appearance; guise; Ex. We called in the troops to bring a/some

semblance of order to the city.vẻ bề ngoài

seminal related to seed or semen; germinal; creative; providing a basis for furtherdevelopment; influencing future developments; Ex. seminal research in anew field

tinh dịch, hạt giống; sinh sản; ảnhhưởng mạnh đến những phát triểnvề sau

seminary school for training future ministers; secondary school, especially for youngwomen

tr ường dòng, tr ường đạo, tr ườngnữ tư thục

senility old age; feeblemindedness of old age; Adj. senile: resulting from old age;showing the weakness of body or mind from old age; Ex. senile dementia

tình tr ạng lão hoá

sensitization process of being made sensitive or acutely responsive to an external agentor substance; V. sensitize: make or become sensitive làm cho nhạy; gây xúc cảmsensual devoted to the pleasures of the sense; carnal; voluptuous; Ex. sensual

woman/curves/lipsham nhục dục, khoái lạc; thuộc bộ máy cảm giác

sensuous giving pleasure to the senses; pertaining to the physical senses; operatingthrough the senses; sensuous feeling of soft velvet on the skin

(thuộc) giác quan; ưa khoái lạc,dâm dục

sententious pithy; terse; concise; aphoristic tính chất châm ngôn; trang tr ọng

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giả tạo; lên mặt dạy đờisentient capable of sensation and conscious; aware; sensitive; Ex. sentient creature;

N. sentiencecó cảm giác; có khả năng nhậnthức

sentinel sentry; lookout lính gác; đứng gácseptic of or causing sepsis; putrid; producing putrefaction; N. sepsis: poisoning of

part of the body (producing pus)nhiễm khuẩn, nhiễm trùng; gâythối, chất gây thối

sepulcher tomb; V: place in a sepulcher; Adj. sepulchral mộ; chôn cấtsequester isolate; segregate; seclude; retire from public life để riêng, cô lập; tịch thusere sear; parched; dry héo khô, tànserendipity gift for finding valuable things by accident; accidental good fortune or luck;

Cf. The Three Princes of Serendipitykhả năng may mắn

serenity calmness; placidity; Adj. serene tr ời quang mây tạnh; tr ầm lặng;thanh bình; thanh thản

serpentine winding; twisting; of or like a serpent; Ex. serpentine course of the river; N.serpent: snake

quanh co, ngoằn ngoèo; thâm độc,nham hiểm

serrated having a sawtoothed edge; Ex. serrated leaf có r ăng cưaservile slavish; cringing; N. servility nô lệ; hèn hạ, ti tiệnservitude slavery; compulsory labor imposed as a punishment nô lệ, quy phụcsever separate; cut off (a part) from a whole; break up (a relationship); N.

severance; Cf. severance pay: extra pay given an employee upon leaving aposition

cắt, cắt r ời

severity harshness; intensity; sternness; austerity; Adj. severe: harsh; strict;extremely violent or intense

tính nghiêm khắc; tính khốc liệt;tính mộc mạc giản dị 

sextant navigation tool used to determine a ship's latitude and longitude (bymeasuring the altitudes of stars)

kính lục phân (đo độ cao mặt tr ờiđể x/đ vị trí con tàu)

shackle chain; fetter; confine with shackles; N. cùm, còng, xíchsham pretend; feign; Adj: not genuine; fake; Ex. sham jewelry; N: something that

is not what it appears; impostor; pretense; Ex. The agreement was a sham.giả bộ, giả vờ; giả mạo

shambles (place or scene of) complete disorder or ruin; wreck; mess; Ex. After thehurricane, the coast was a shambles.

cảnh chém giết loạn xạ; tình tr ạngr ối ren

shard fragment generally of broken pottery (glass, clay bowl, or cup) mảnh vỡ shaving very thin piece, usually of wood (cut from a surface with a sharp blade) cạo, bào; vỏ bàosheaf bundle of stalks of grain; any bundle of things tied together bó, lượm, thếpsheathe place into a case; insert into or provide with a sheath; Ex. He sheathed his

dagger; N. sheath: case for a bladegói, bọc, đặt vào bao

sherbet flavored dessert ice kem trái cây, nước hoa quả shimmer shine with a flickering light; glimmer intermittently; Ex. The moonlight

shimmered on the water; N.ánh sáng mờ mờ; lung linh

shirk avoid (responsibility, work, etc.); malinger lẩn tránhshoddy made of inferior material; sham; not genuine; inferior; dishonest; Ex. shoddy

goods/trickvải tái sinh; hàng xấu; giả mạo

shout to speak very loudly, to call out; yell quát tháo, la hétshrew scolding woman; very small mouselike animal đàn bà đanh đá; chuột chùshrewd clever; astute sắc sảo, linh lợi, khôn ngoanshun keep away from; avoid deliberately; Ex. She has been shunned by her

neighbors.xa lánh; nghiêm (hiệu lệnh)

shunt move (a railway train) from one track to another; turn aside; divert;sidetrack; Ex. shunt traffic around an accident; N.

chuyển hướng

shyster lawyer using questionable methods; unscrupulous practitioner người vô lương tâm & thiếu trungthực (nhất là luật sư)

sibling brother or sister anh chị em ruộtsibylline prophetic; oracular; N. sibyl: woman prophet (in the ancient world) được nói ra bởi thầy bói; tiên tri

thần bísilt sediment deposited by running water (at the entrance to a harbor or by a

bend in a river)bùn, phù sa

simian monkeylike; N: ape or monkey khỉ ; như khỉ ; khỉ  ko đuôisimile comparison of one thing with another, using the word like or as so sánh, ví vonsimper smirk; smile in a silly way; smile affectedly nụ cười điệu; cười một cách ngớ 

ngẩnsimplistic oversimplified giản dị thái quásimulate feign; imitate giả vờ; đóng vai; đội lốt; mô

phỏng; tái tạosinecure well-paid position with little responsibility; Cf. sine cure: without care; Cf.

San Serifngồi không ăn lương; ngồi mát ănbát vàng

sinewy (of meat) tough; strong and firm; muscular; N. sinew: tendon; strong cordconnecting a muscle to a bone

gân; gân guốc; khoẻ mạnh

singular being only one; individual; unique; extraordinary; odd; Ex. singularbeauty/behavior duy nhất, độc nhất, khác thường,kì quặcsinister evil; ominous điềm xấu, gở; độc ác, nham hiểmsinuous twisting; winding; bending in and out; not morally honest ngoằn ngoèo, khúc khuỷuskeptic sceptic; doubter; person who suspends judgment until he has examined the

evidence supporting a point of view; Adj. skeptical; N. skepticism;scepticism

hoài nghi

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skiff small light sailboat or rowboat thuyền nhẹ, tàu nhẹ skimp provide or use scantily; live very economically; Ex. skimp on necessities;

 Adj. skimpy: inadequate in amount; scanty; stingy; niggardlybủn xỉ n, keo kiệt, hà tiện, tiết kiệm

skinflint miser; stingy person người keo kiệt vắt cổ chày ra nướcskirmish minor fight; minor battle in war; V. cuộc chạm trán nhỏ; giao tranhskittish inconstant; capricious; frivolous; not serious; Ex. charming but skittish

young woman; Cf. skitbất kham (ngựa); õng ẹo, lẳng lơ (đàn bà)

skulduggery (=skullduggery) dishonest behavior or action; Ex. skulduggery in theelection

sự lừa bịp, mưu mẹo; hành vi xấu

skulk move furtively and secretly; Ex. He skulked through the less fashionablesections of the city.

lẩn tránh; tr ốn việc

slacken slow up; loosen; make or become slack nới, làm chùng; làm chậm lạislag glassy residue from smelting metal; dross; waste matter xỉ ; kẻ đĩ  thoãslander defamation; utterance of false and malicious statements; V. Adj. slanderous vu khống, vu cáo; nói xấu, phỉ  bángslapdash hasty and careless; haphazard; sloppy (carelessly done) ẩu, bừa, cẩu thả sleazy shabby and dirty; flimsy; insubstantial; Ex. sleazy back-street hotel/fabric nhếch nhác, bẩn thỉ u, nhớp nhúasleeper one that achieves unexpected success; something originally of little value or

importance that in time becomes very valuablebất ngờ thành công, bất ngờ cógiá tr ị 

sleight dexterity; Cf. sleight of hand: legerdemain; quickness of the hands in doingtricks

mánh khoé; trò đánh tráo, trò lộnsòng

slew large quantity or number; Ex. slew of errands left lô, đống (số lượng lớn)slight insult to one's dignity; snub; V: treat as if of small importance; insult; snub;

 Adj. small in size; of small importancecoi thường, xem nhẹ 

slipshod slovenly; careless; sloppy; untidy; shabby; Ex. slipshod work ẩu, bất cẩn; tồi tàn, bệ r ạcslither slip or slide tr ượt, tuộtsloth slow moving tree-dwelling mammal; laziness; Adj. slothful: lazy; indolent con lười (ở Nam M ĩ ); sự lười biếngslough (of a snake) shed or cast off (dead outer skin); N: outer layer that is shed lột (da, xác); bỏ, vứt bỏ slovenly untidy; careless in work habits; slipshod; N. sloven: one who is habitually

untidy or carelessnhếch nhác, luộm thuộm; cẩu thả 

sluggard lazy person người chậm chạp, lười nhácsluggish lazy; slow; inactive; lethargic; Cf. slug: nail with no shell chậm chạp, lờ đờ, uể oảisluice artificial channel for directing or controlling the flow of water (with a gate to

regulate the flow)cửa cống; kênh đào

slur pronounce indistinctly; speak indistinctly; mumble nói líu nhíu; nói lắpslur slander; insult to one's character or reputation; V. gièm pha, nói xấusmattering slight knowledge; small scattered number or amount; Ex. smattering of

Germanhiểu biết hời hợt, nông cạn

smelt melt (ore) for separating and removing the metal; melt or blend ores

changing their chemical composition

nấu chảy (kl)

smirk conceited smile; offensively self-satisfied smile (often at someone else'smisfortune); V.

cười ngớ ngẩn, cười điệu; cười tự mãn

smolder smoulder; burn slowly without flame; be liable to break out at any moment;exist in a suppressed state; Ex. smoldering anger

cháy âm ỉ ; nung nấu

snicker half-stifled (suppressed) laugh; V. tiếng cười khúc khích, cười khẩysnivel complain or whine tearfully; run at the nose; snuffle; Ex. Don't come back

sniveling to me.khóc sụt sùi, rên r ỉ , than vãn; nướcmũi

soar the act of flying bay vút lênsobriety moderation (especially regarding indulgence in alcohol); seriousness sự điều độ sodden thoroughly soaked; dull or stupid as if from drink ướt đẫm, ướt sũngsojourn temporary stay; V: stay for a time tạm trú, tạm thờisolace comfort in sorrow or trouble; consolation; V: comfort or console in time of

sorrow or troublean ủi, khuyên giải

solder repair or make whole by using a metal alloy; N: metal alloy (usually tin andlead) used in the molten state to join metallic parts hàn; sự hàn

solecism nonstandard grammatical construction; construction that is flagrantlyincorrect grammatically; violation of social etiquette

lỗi ngữ pháp; điều lầm lỗi

solemnity seriousness; gravity sự tr ọng thể, sự trang nghiêmsolicitous anxious; worried; concerned; eager; Ex. solicitous to do something; N.

solicituder ất quan tâm, lo lắng

soliloquy talking to oneself (esp. in a play); Cf. monologue: soliloquy; long speech byone person (often monopolizing a conversation)

lời tự thoại, lời độc thoại

solitude state of being alone; seclusion; Adj. solitary: existing or living alone (esp. bychoice); remote or secluded; single; sole; Ex. solitary life/inn; Ex. no solitarypiece of proof

một mình, cô độc; nơi hiu quạnh,vắng vẻ 

solstice point or time at which the sun is farthest from the equator điểm chísoluble able to be dissolved in a liquid; able to be worked out or solved hoà tan được, giải quyết được

solvent able to pay all depths; substance that dissolves another; N. solvency; Adj.capable of dissolving another substance có khả năng hoà tan, có thể thanhtoán nợ somatic pertaining to the body; bodily; physical (thuộc) cơ thể, ko thuộc tâm hồnsomnambulist sleepwalker; V. somnambulate; N. somnambulism người mộng dusomnolent half asleep; drowsy; N. somnolence ngủ gà gậtsonorous resonant; producing a full deep sound; producing sound kêu vang; gây ấn tượng;sophist teacher of philosophy; quibbler; employer of fallacious reasoning; N. giáo sư triết học; người nguỵ biện

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sophism: plausible but fallacious argumentsophisticated worldly wise and urbane; refined; complex; N. sophistication; V. sophisticate sành điệu, thạo đời; tinh vi, tế nhị;

công phu, phức tạpsophistry seemingly plausible but fallacious reasoning; sophism nguỵ biệnsophomoric immature; half-baked; like a sophomore (thuộc) sinh viên năm thứ 2; non

nớt, thiếu kinh nghiệmsoporific sleep-causing; marked by sleepiness; drowsy thuốc ngủ; ngủ lơ mơ sordid filthy; foul; base; vile; Ex. sordid bed/story bẩn thỉ u; hèn hạ ti tiệnsparse not thick; thinly scattered; scanty thưa thớt, r ải rácspartan without attention to comfort; lacking luxury and comfort; sternly disciplined;

Ex. spartan living condition/lifekhổ hạnh, thanh đạm

spasmodic fitful; periodic; of or like a spasm; N. spasm: sudden involuntary muscularcontraction; sudden burst of energy or emotion

lác đác, ko đều đặn; co thắt; độtbiến

spat squabble; minor dispute; minor quarrel cãi nhau nhỏ; tr ứng (sò, trai)spate sudden flood or rush; Ex. spate of accidents ùn lên, nước lên; mưa lũ; khối

lượng lớnspatial relating to space thuộc không gianspatula broad-bladed instrument used for spreading or mixing bàn xẻng; dao bay; cái đỡ lưỡispawn lay eggs (in large numbers); produce offspring (in large numbers); N: eggs

of aquatic animalstr ứng (cá, ếch. .); dòng giống; đẻ tr ứng

specious seemingly reasonable but incorrect; misleading (often intentionally) chỉ  có vẻ bề ngoài; tốt mãspectral ghostly; N. specter: spectre; ghost; phantom bóng maspectrum colored band produced when a beam of light passes through a prism; broad

and continuous range; Ex. whole spectrum of modern thoughtsquang phổ; một dãy đầy đủ, mộtchuỗi r ộng

sphinx-like enigmatic; mysterious bí ẩn; khó hiểusplice join together end to end to make one continuous length; fasten together;

unite; Ex. splice two strips of tape; N.nối ghép

spontaneity lack of premeditation; naturalness; freedom from constraint; Adj.spontaneous: self-generated; unpremeditated; happening without beingplanned

tự động; tự phát; tính tự nhiên; kongượng ngập

sporadic occurring irregularly; intermittent r ời r ạc, lác đácsportive playful; frolicsome; merry; Cf. sport: play or frolic; Cf. sportsmanlike sôi nổi, đầy tính thể thao; đùa cợtspry (esp. of older people) vigorously active; nimble hoạt bát; sinh độngspurious false; counterfeit; forged; illogical; Ex. spurious arguments sai, ko xác thực; giả mạospurn reject disdainfully; scorn; Ex. She spurned all offers of help. đá, hất; bác bỏ, từ chốisquabble minor quarrel; bickering; V: engage in a minor quarrel; Ex. squabbling

childrencãi nhau vặt

squalor condition of being squalid; filth; degradation; dirty neglected state; Adj.squalid: dirty; sordid; morally repulsive; Ex. squalid story

dơ dáy, bần thỉ u; đê tiện, tồi bại

squander waste; spend foolishly hoang phísquat short and thick; stocky; Ex. ugly squat tower; V. N. béo lùn; ngồi xổmstaccato played in an abrupt manner; marked by abrupt sharp sound; Ex. staccato

applausengắt âm; đoạn ngắt

staid serious and sedate; sober; Ex. staid during the funeral ceremony tr ầm tính; ù lìstalemate deadlock; situation in which further action is blocked bế tắcstalwart physically strong; brawny; steadfast; strong in mind or determination; Ex.

stalwart supporter; N: stalwart followerkhoẻ mạnh; kiên quyết; chắc chắn;đáng tin cậy

stamina power of endurance; strength; staying power khả năng chịu đựng, độ ổn địnhstanch stop or check flow of blood; Ex. stanch the gushing wound cầm máu; làm ngừng chảystatic having no motion; unchanging; lacking development; N. stasis: stable state t ĩ nh; không chuyển độngstatute law enacted by the legislature đạo luật, quy chế; luật thánhstatutory created by statute or legislative action; regulated by statute; Ex. statutory

age limit

do luật pháp quy định

steadfast steadily loyal; unswerving; steady kiên định, tr ước sau như một, chắcchắn

stealth action of moving secretly or unseen; slyness; sneakiness; secretiveness; Adj. stealthy

rón rén, lén lút

steep soak; saturate; Ex. steep the fabric in the dye bath; Adj. precipitous ngâm nước; đắm chìm, chìm ngậpstellar pertaining to the stars; of a star performer; outstanding; Ex. stellar attraction

of the entire performancetinh tú; xuất sắc

stem (v) stop or check (the flow of); Ex. stem the bleeding from the slashedartery; N: main axis of a plant; stalk

ngăn, chặn (sự chảy); thân cây;gốc của từ 

stem from arise from; originate from bắt nguồn, hình thànhstentorian (of the voice) extremely loud; Cf. Stentor: a loud herald in the Iliad oang oang, sang sảngstereotype one regarded as embodying a set image or type; fixed and unvarying

representation; standardized mental picture often reflecting prejudice; Ex.

stereotype of the happy slave; V: make a stereotype of; represent by astereotype; Ex. It is wrong to stereotype people; Ex. stereotyped answer

bản in đúc; mẫu sẵn

stickler perfectionist; person who insists things be exactly right người khắt khe, người ủng hộ triệtđể; người kiên trì

stifle suppress; extinguish; inhibit; smother or suffocate làm ngột ngạt, khó thở; dập tắt,đàn áp, kiềm chế 

stigma token of disgrace; brand; V. stigmatize: mark with a stigma; characterize as vết nhơ, điều sỉ  nhục

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disgracefulstilted bombastic; stiffly pompous; Ex. stilted rhetoric; Cf. stiff: formal khoa tr ương; gò bó, cứng nhắcstint supply; allotted amount of work; assigned portion of work; limitation; Ex.

two-year stint in the army; Ex. without stintcung cấp hạn chế; phần việc

stipend pay for services lương, thu nhậpstipple paint or draw with dots or short strokes vẽ bằng chấmstipulate state as a necessary condition (of an agreement); make express conditions;

specify; Ex. He stipulated payment in advancequy định; đặt điều kiện

stock standard; kept regularly in stock or supply; typical; routine; common; Ex.stock sizes of paper; Ex. stock excuse/character; N: goods for sale in ashop; Op. unique

cung cấp hàng hoá; tích tr ữ hànghoá

stockade wooden enclosure or pen; fixed line of posts used as defensive barrier rào cọc; làm rào cọcstodgy dull; stuffy; boringly conservative; Ex. stodgy book khó tiêu (thức ăn); nặng nề, ko hấp

dẫn (sách); tẻ nhạt (người)stoic stoical; impassive; unmoved by joy or grief; N. Cf. stoicism khắc kỉ  stoke stir up a fire or furnace; feed plentifully đốt lòstolid dull; impassive; showing little emotion when strong feelings are expected lãnh đạm, dửng dưngstratagem deceptive scheme; clever trick mưu kế, mưu mẹostratified divided into classes; arranged into strata; V. stratify phân tầngstratum layer of earth's surface; layer of society; PL. strata địa tầng, vỉ a; giai cấpstreak Thin line or strip of something đường sọc, vỉ a; tính nếtstream Discharge but longer and more flowing dòng, luồngstrew spread randomly; sprinkle; scatter; Ex. flower girl strewing rose petals r ải, r ắc, vãi; tr ảistriated marked with parallel bands; striped; grooved; Ex. striated rocks; V. striate;

N. stria: thin groove or linecó vằn, sọc, nếp nhăn

stricture severe and adverse criticism; critical comments; limit or restriction phê phánstrident loud and harsh; insistent; N. stridency the thé, lanh lảnh (giọng nói)stringent (of rules) binding; rigid; marked by scarcity of money; Ex. stringent

economic conditionsnghiêm khắc, chặt chẽ; khan hiếm;khó làm ăn

stroller (n) a carriage in which a baby sits or lies, and is pushed by someone ghế đẩy cho tr ẻ struggling working hard to accomplish a goal; striving vật lộn, đấu tranhstrut pompous walk; supporting bar; V: walk in a self-important manner đi khệnh khạng, oai vệ; thanh

chống, thanh giằngstudied carefully contrived; calculated; unspontaneous; deliberate; thoughtful; Ex.

studied remarkcẩn thận, k ĩ  lưỡng

stultify make stupid in mind; cause to appear or become stupid or inconsistent;suppress; frustrate or hinder; Ex. stultifying effect of uninteresting work; Ex.stultify free expression

làm mất hiệu lực; làm ai tr ở nên lố bịch

stupefy stun; make numb (as with a drug); amaze làm u mê, đần độn; làm kinh ngạcstupor state of being stupefied; state of apathy; daze; lack of awareness tr ạng thái sững sờ stygian unpleasantly dark; gloomy; hellish; deathly; Cf. Styx: the chief river in the

subterranean land of the deadtối tăm, ảm đạm, thê lương

stymie thwart; present an obstacle; stump cản tr ở; lúng túngsuavity urbanity; polish; Adj. suave: smooth and courteous sự khéo léo, ngọt ngàosubaltern subordinate cấp dưới, phụ thuộcsubdue less intense; quieter; Ex. subdued lighting; Ex. subdue: conquer; make less

intense; quiet; Ex. subdue one's angerchinh phục, đánh bại; kìm nén (dụcvọng); hạ bớt, dịu bớt (cảm xúc)

subjective influenced by personal feelings; occurring or taking place within the mind;unreal; Ex. subjective sensation of the ghostly presence

chủ quan; tưởng tượng

subjugate conquer; bring under control chinh phục, nô dịch hoásublimate refine; purify; replace (natural urges) with socially acceptable activities;

change between a solid state and a gaseous statethăng hoa, chất được thăng hoa;chế ngự; làm trong sạch

sublime causing deep feelings of wonder, joy, respect, etc.; exalted; noble anduplifting; utter hùng v ĩ ; siêu phàm; cao thượng

subliminal below the threshold of conscious perception; Ex. subliminal advertisement tiềm thứcsubmissive willing to obey orders; yielding; timid dễ bảo, ngoan ngoãn, phục tùngsubordinate occupying a lower rank; inferior; submissive; N. V: put in a lower rank or

classphụ thuộc; dưới quyền; cấp dưới;hạ tầm quan tr ọng

suborn persuade to act unlawfully (especially to commit perjury); N. subornation hối lộ, mua chuộcsubpoena writ (written command issued by a court) summoning a witness to appear in

court; V: summon with a subpoenatrát đòi hầu toà

subsequent following in time or order; later theo sausubservient behaving like a slave; servile; obsequious; subordinate; N. subservience khúm núm, quỵ luỵ; kém quan

tr ọng, phụ thuộcsubside sink to a lower level; settle down; sink to the bottom (as a sediment);

descend; grow quiet; become less; moderate; abaterút xuống; lún xuống; giảm bớt;chìm xuống

subsidiary serving to assist; subordinate; secondary; of a subsidy; N. phụ tr ợ; phụ tásubsidy direct financial aid by government, etc.; V. subsidize: assist with a subsidy tiền tr ợ cấp, bao cấpsubsistence existence; means of subsisting; means of support; livelihood; V. subsist:

exist; maintain life (at a meager level)tồn tại; sinh sống; sinh kế 

substantial of substance; material; solid; essential or fundamental; ample; considerable;well-to-do; wealthy

quan tr ọng; có giá tr ị; đáng kể 

substantiate support (a claim) with evidence; establish with evidence; verify chứng minh

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substantive substantial; essential; pertaining to the substance; substantial; considerable;Ex. substantive issues

tr ọng yếu, quan tr ọng

subsume include (as a member of a group); encompass xếp vào, gộp vàosubtlety perceptiveness; ingenuity; delicacy; Adj. subtle: delicate; so slight as to be

difficult to detect; able to make fine distinctions; clever; Ex. subtlemind/differences in meaning

tính phảng phất, huyền ảo; sự tinhtế; sự khôn khéo, xảo quyệt

subversive tending to overthrow or ruin; V. subvert: overthrow completely (anestablished system); destroy completely; Cf. undermine

phá vỡ, lật đổ 

succor assist (someone in difficulty); aid; comfort; N. cứu giúp, viện tr ợ; quân cứu việnsuccumb yield (to something overwhelming); give in; die; Ex. succumb to the illness thua, không chống nổi, chếtsuffragist advocate of the extension of voting rights (for women); Cf. suffrage người tán thành mở r ộng quyền

bầu cử (cho phụ nữ)suffuse spread through or over (with a color or liquid); charge; Ex. A blush suffused

her cheeks.tràn lan; tràn ngập

sully defile; soil; tarnish; Ex. sully one's hands in menial labor bôi nhọ; làm dơ sultry (of weather) hot; sweltering; sensual; voluptuous ngột ngạt; nóng nảy; đầy nhục cảmsummation act of finding the total; summing-up; summary (esp. one given by the judge

at the end of a trial)phép tổng; tóm tắt

sundry miscellaneous; various; several; N. sundries: small miscellaneous items lặt vặt, tạp nhamsuperannuated retired or disqualified because of age; outmoded; obsolete quá hạn; quá cũ k ĩ ; cổ lỗ supercilious haughty; arrogant; condescending; patronizing; Cf. eyebrow, cilium kiêu kì, khinh khỉ nhsupererogatory superfluous; more than needed or demanded thừa; ko cần thiếtsuperficial of the surface; not deep; shallow; not thorough; trivial; Ex. superficial

analysis/knowledgeở bề mặt; hời hợt, thiển cận

superimpose place over something else đổ lên trên cùng; thêm vàosupernumerary person or thing excess of what is necessary; extra; Adj: additional to the

usual or necessary numberdư, thừa; phụ thêm; người phụ 

supersede replace; cause to be set aside; make obsolete; N. supersession thay thế supine lying on back; passive; inactive; Ex. The defeated pugilist lay supine; Ex.

supine acceptance of the decisionnằm ngửa; lật ngửa; uể oải, thiếuh/đ, thiếu nghị lực

supplant take the place of unfairly; usurp; replace thay thế; chiếm chỗ supple flexible; limber; pliant mềm mỏngsuppliant entreating; beseeching; N. năn nỉ , van xin; người van xinsupplicate petition humbly; pray to grant a favor năn nỉ , van xin, khẩn khoảnsupposition assumption; hypothesis; surmise; V. suppose giả thuyếtsupposititious assumed; counterfeit; hypothetical giả mạosuppress put an end to forcibly; subdue; stifle; overwhelm; inhibit the expression of;

check; prevent from being published or made public; Ex. suppress a smile;Ex. suppress the magazine/truth

cấm, ngăn chặn, đàn áp

surfeit satiate; feed or supply to excess; stuff; indulge to excess in anything; N:surfeiting; excessive amount; Ex. surfeit of food

thừa thãi; ngấy

surly bad-tempered; rude; cross cáu kỉ nh, gắt gỏng; ko thân thiệnsurmount overcome khắc phục, vượt qua; phủ, bao phủsurpass exceed vượt hơn; tr ội hơnsurreptitious done secretly; secret; furtive; sneaky; hidden lén lút; gian lận; bí mật; lừa dốisurrogate substitute; person or thing used in place of another; Ex. surrogate mother;

 Adj.người thay thế; người đại diện

surveillance close observation of a person (esp. one under suspicion); watching;guarding

sự theo dõi, giám sát

susceptible impressionable; easily influenced; sensitive; having little resistance as to adisease; likely to suffer; receptive to; capable of accepting; Ex. susceptibleto persuasion/colds; Ex. The agreement is not susceptible of alteration; N.susceptibility

dễ bị ảnh hưởng, dễ bị tổn thương

sustain suffer (harm or loss); experience; support; prop; maintain; keep inexistence; nourish (to maintain life); Ex. sustain the family/the trapped miners

chống đỡ, giữ vững; duy trì; cứusống; chịu đựng

sustenance sustaining; means of livelihood, support, food, nourishment; something thatmaintains life; food

chất bổ, thức ăn; phương tiện sinhsống; sự nuôi dưỡng

suture stitches sewn to hold the cut edges of a wound or incision; material used insewing; V: sew together a wound

đường nối; mũi khâu; chỉ  khâu

swarthy (of a skin or complexion) dark; dusky; Ex. swarthy Italian ngăm đen (da)swathe swath; wrap around; bandage; Ex. one's head swathed in bandages băng, quấn băng, quấn tãswelter (of a person) suffer from oppressive heat; be oppressed by heat nóng; mệt vì nóngswerve deviate; turn aside sharply from a straight course; Ex. swerve from the

principle; Ex. The car swerved to the right.đi chệch, ngoặt, quẹo

swill drink greedily nốc ừng ựcswindler cheater kẻ lừa đảo, bịp bợm

sybarite lover of luxury; person devoted to pleasure and luxury; Cf. Sybaris: anancient Greek city in Italy người xa hoa, uỷ mị; người hưởnglạcsycophant servile flatterer; bootlicker; yes man; Adj. sycophantic người nịnh hót, bợ đỡ, ăn bámsyllogism logical formula consisting of a major premise, a minor premise and a

conclusion; deceptive or specious argumentpp suy luận; lí luận khôn ngoan,xảo trá

sylvan pertaining to the woods or the country thuộc r ừng; gỗ symbiosis interdependent relationship (between groups, species) often mutually sự cộng sinh

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beneficial; Adj. symbiotic; Cf. together + lifesymmetry arrangement of parts so that balance is obtained; congruity; Adj. symmetric sự cân đối, đối xứngsynoptic providing a general overview; summary; N. synopsis khái quát, giản lược, tóm tắtsynthesis combining parts or separate things into a whole; the whole so formed; PL.

syntheses; V. synthesizesự tổng hợp

synthetic not natural; artificial; resulting from synthesis; Ex. synthetic fiber; N. tổng hợp; nhân tạo

Ttacit understood (without actually being expressed); not put into words; Ex. tacit

agreementngầm, không nói ra, ngụ ý

taciturn habitually silent; talking little lầm lì, ít nói

tactile pertaining to the organs or sense of touch (thuộc) xúc giáctaint contaminate; cause to lose purity; modify with a trace of something bad; Ex.

tainted reputation; N: stain; touch of decay or bad influence; Cf. touchlàm hư hỏng; làm đồi bại; làm ôuế; mùi hôi thối

talisman charm; object believed to give supernatural powers to or protect its bearer bùatalon claw of bird móng, vuốttangential only slightly connected; not central; peripheral; digressing; showing

divergence; Cf. tangentko đúng chủ đề, ko đúng tr ọng tâm

tangible able to be touched; real; concrete; palpable; possible to realize orunderstand; Ex. tangible proof

hữu hình, có thể sờ mó được; rõràng

tanner person who turns animal hides into leather thợ thuộc datantalize tease; excite by exposing something desirable while keeping it out of reach;

torture with disappointment; Cf. Tantalus: Greek mythological figurenhử; trêu ngươi

tantamount equivalent in effect or value; Ex. This invasion is tantamount to a declarationof war; Cf. amount

tương đương; ngang với

taper very thin candle; gradual decrease in the width of a long object; V. make orbecome gradually narrower toward one end

vuốt thon, nhọn; giảm số lượng,chất lượng

tarantula venomous spider nhện lớn độctarry linger; delay in starting or going; dawdle nấn ná, lần lữa, trì hoãn, dây dưataut tight; strained; tense; ready; Op. slack kéo căng; căng thẳngtautological needlessly repetitious; Ex. "It was visible to the eye"; N. tautology: needless

repetition of the same sense; statement that is always true(ngôn ngữ học) lặp thừa

tawdry cheap and gaudy; Ex. tawdry jewelry loè loẹt, phô tr ươngtaxonomist specialist in classifying (animals...); Cf. taxonomy: science of classification nhà phân loạitedium boredom; weariness; Adj. tedious chán ngắt; buồn tẻ teetotalism practice of abstaining totally from alcoholic drinks; N. teetotaler; Adj.

teetotal; Cf. T + totalchủ ngh ĩ a bài r ượu

temerity boldness; nerve; rashness; Ex. temerity to ask for a pay increase after onlythree day's work

táo bạo, liều l ĩ nh

temper moderate; make less severe; tone down or restrain; toughen (steel) as byalternate heating and cooling

làm ôn hoà, làm dịu; tôi kim loại(làm cho cứng)

temperament characteristic frame of mind; disposition; emotional excess; Adj.temperamental: of temperament; having frequent changes of temper; Ex.temperamental dislike of sports; Ex. temperamental actress

khí chất, tính khí

temperate moderate; restrained; self-controlled; moderate in respect to temperature;Cf. temperance: moderation and self-restraint; abstinence of alcoholicdrinks; Ex. temperance society

cư xử chừng mực; ôn hoà (khíhậu)

tempestuous stormy; violent; impassioned; N. tempest: violent storm giông bão; dữ dội, mãnh liệttempo speed of music (nhạc) tốc độ; độ nhanhtemporal of time; not lasting forever; limited by time; temporary; secular; worldly (thuộc) thời gian; tr ần tục; thế tụctemporize gain time as by postponing an action; avoid committing oneself trì hoãn; tuỳ cơ ứng biếntenacious holding fast (as to a belief); persistent; N. tenacity dai, ko quên; ngoan cường, ngoan

cố; siết chặt, bám chặttendentious promoting a particular point of view; biased; having an aim; designed to

further a cause; Ex. tendentious rather than truth-seeking; Cf. tend: move ina certain direction

có xu hướng; có dụng ý, tính toán,ý đồ thiên vị 

tender offer formally; extend; Ex. tender one's resignation/the exact fare; N: formaloffer; money; Ex. legal tender; Adj: young and vulnerable; sensitive to thetouch; sore; soft; delicate; Ex. child of tender years; Ex. tender wound

mềm, dễ nhai; non; mềm yếu; âuyếm; tế nhị; thận tr ọng; câu nệ; đề nghị; tuyên thệ; bỏ thầu

tenet doctrine; dogma giáo lí, chủ ngh ĩ atensile capable of being stretched; of tension; Ex. tensile rubber (thuộc) sức căng, có thể giãn ratenuous thin; slim; rare mảnh, thanh, mỏng; hời hợttenure holding of an office or real estate; time during which such an office is held sự chiếm hữu; t/g nắm chức vụ tepid lukewarm; slightly warm; half-hearted; not eager; Ex. tepid reaction to the

new film; Ex. tepid supporterâm ấm; nhạt nhẽo; lãnh đạm

termination end; V. terminate sự kết thúc

terminology terms used in a science or art; study of nomenclature thuật ngữ terminus last stop of railroad; end ga cuối cùng; mục đích cuối cùngterrestrial on or relating to the earth thuộc trái đất, trên mặt đấtterse concise; abrupt; pithy ngắn gọn; cộc lốctertiary third in order or rank thứ ba; kỉ  thứ batessellated mosaic; inlaid; Ex. tessellated pattern khảm; lát đá hoatestator maker of a will; Cf. testatrix người để lại di chúc

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testy irritable; impatient and bad-tempered; short-tempered; N. testiness dễ bực mình, hay gắt gỏngtether tie (an animal) with a rope or tether; N: rope or chain to which an animal is

tied; limit of one's endurance; Ex. the end of one's tetherdây dắt; phạm vi, giới hạn; buộc,cột bằng dây

thematic of a theme; relating to a unifying motif or idea chủ đề; thuộc chủ đề theocracy government run by religious leaders chính tr ị thần quyềntheoretical based on theory; not practical or applied; hypothetical lí thuyết hoátherapeutic curative; N. therapy phép chữa bệnhthermal pertaining to heat; producing heat; warm; Ex. thermal bath; N: rising current

of warm airnhiệt, nóng; luồng ko khí nóng

thespian pertaining to drama; N: actor or actress về sân khấu; diễn viênthrall slave; bondage; slavery; Ex. Her beauty held him in thrall; Cf. enthrall nô lệ threadbare worn through till the threads show; shabby and poor; hackneyed; Ex.

threadbare excusesxác xơ; sáo mòn, cũ rích

thrifty careful about money; economical; N. thrift tiết kiệm; thịnh vượngthrive prosper; flourish thịnh vượng, phát đạtthroes violent anguish đau dữ dội; quằn quạithrong crowd (of people or things); V. đám đôngthrottle strangle; regulate the speed with a throttle; N: valve that regulates the flow;

Cf. throatđiều khiển (bằng van); bóp cổ, bópnghẹt

thwart block or hinder; baffle; frustrate cản tr ở, phá ngangtightwad miser; excessively frugal person người hà tiện, kẻ keo cútiller handle used to move boat's rudder (to steer) tay bánh lái (tàu, thuyền)timbre quality of a musical tone produced by a musical instrument (which

distinguishes it from others of the same pitch)âm sắc

timidity lack of self-confidence or courage; Adj. timid sự r ụt rè, nhút nhát; bẽn lẽntimorous fearful; timid; demonstrating fear sợ sệt; nhút nháttipple drink (alcoholic beverages) frequently; N: alcoholic drink nghiện r ượu; nhấptirade long angry denunciatory speech; diatribe; harangue; extended scolding;

denunciationtràng đả kích, tố cáo, chỉ  trích

titanic gigantic; N. titan to lớn, phi thườngtithe tax of one-tenth (contributed to a church); V: pay a tithe thuế thập phân; một phần nhỏ titillate tickle; excite pleasantly; Ex. not to titillate the audience but to enlighten it kích động, kích thích, cùtitle name (of a book, film, etc.); mark of rank; formal appellation as of rank or

office (such as Lord or General); right or claim to possession;championship; Ex. title as head of the family; Ex. title to the estate

tiêu đề; tước vị, danh hiệu; tư cách, danh ngh ĩ a

titter nervous giggle; nervous laugh; V. cười khúc khíchtitular of a title; in name only; nominal; having the title of an office without the

obligations; Ex. titular head of the companychức vụ danh ngh ĩ a

toady servile flatterer; yes man; sycophant; V: be a toady to; fawn bợ đỡ; xu nịnhtoga Roman outer robe áo choàng thời La Mãtome large volume; book tập sách, bộ sáchtonsure shaving of the head especially by person entering religious orders; V. xuống tóc; đầu tr ọc; cạo đầutopography physical features of a region (such as the shape and height); Cf. topo-: place địa thế, địa hình; đo địa hìnhtorpor lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy; Adj. torpid: lethargic; lazy; inactive; (of an

animal) dormant; hibernatinglờ đờ, uể oải

torque twisting force; force producing rotation mô men xoắn, ngẫu lựctorrent rushing stream; flood; Ex. The rain fell in torrents. dòng nước chảy xiết, lũ torrid (of weather) hot or scorching; passionate; Ex. torrid love affairs nóng; nồng nhiệt; gợi tìnhtorso trunk of statue with head and limbs missing; human trunk tượng bán thân, công việc bỏ dở tortuous winding; full of curves; Ex. tortuous mountain road quanh co, ngoằn ngoèo; xảo trátotter shake or move unsteadily; sway as if about to fall lung lay; sắp đổ; đi lảo đảotouchstone stone used to test the fineness of gold alloys; criterion; standard đá thử hợp kim;

touchy oversensitive; easily offended; irascible; delicate; needing delicate handling;Ex. touchy situation hay giận dỗi; dễ động lòng

tout promote or publicize (one's goods or service); praise excessively (as a formof advertisement); Cf. advertise

chào hàng; phe vé

toxic poisonous; N. toxicity độctract propaganda pamphlet (esp. by a religious or political group); expanse of

land; region of indefinite size; system of related organs; Ex. digestive tractdải đất r ộng; bộ máy; khoảng (t/g);cuốn sách nhỏ 

tractable docile; easily managed; (of smt) easily changed or molded; N. tractability dễ bảo; dễ điều khiểntraduce expose to slander vu khống; nói xấu, phỉ  bángtrajectory path taken by a projectile; Ex. trajectory of a bullet đường đạn; quỹ đạotranquility calmness; peace yên t ĩ nh, thanh bìnhtranscendent exceeding ordinary limits; superior; surpassing; V. transcend: go beyond;

exceed; surpass; N. transcendencevô cùng lớn; siêu việt; siêu nghiệm

transcribe copy; write a copy of; N. transcription sao chép (bằng tay)

transgression violation of a law; sin; V. transgress: go beyond (a limit); violate; do wrong phạm luậttransient staying for a short time; momentary; temporary; N: one that is transient ngắn ngủi; nhất thờitransition going from one state of action to another sự chuyển tiếp, quá độ transitory transient; impermanent; fleeting; N. transitoriness ngắn ngủi; nhất thờitranslucent partly transparent trong mờ; ko trong suốttransmute transform; change; convert to something different chuyển hoá, biến đổi bản chất

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transparent permitting light to pass through freely; easily detected; obvious; clear; Ex.transparent lie

trong suốt; minh bạch

transpire (of a fact) become known; be revealed; happen; give off (watery wastematter) through pores

tiết lộ; xảy ra, diễn ra; bay hơi

transport strong emotion; rapture; Ex. in a transport/transports of; V: move to strongemotion; enrapture

cảm xúc mạnh mẽ, xúc cảm mãnhliệt

trappings outward decorations; ornaments (as an outward sign of rank) lễ phụctraumatic (of an experience) deeply shocking; pertaining to an injury caused by

violence; N. trauma: serious wound; emotional shock that causes lastingpsychological damage

gây chấn thương; gây đau buồn

travail strenuous work; toil; painful labor; labor of childbirth đau đẻ; công việc khó nhọc

traverse go through or across ngang qua; đường ngang; xàngang; phản đối; xem xét k ĩ  lưỡng

travesty copy or example of something that completely misrepresents the true natureof the real thing; comical parody or imitation; treatment aimed at makingsomething appear ridiculous; Ex. travesty of justice; Op. paragon

bắt chước đùa; nhại chơi

treatise article treating a subject systematically and thoroughly luận văn, giáo trình, luận thuyếttrek travel; journey; V: make a long difficult journey chuyến đi vất vả; sự di cư tremor trembling; slight quiver (as of the earth or from nervous agitation) sự run, rung, chấn độngtremulous trembling; wavering run, rung độngtrenchant cutting; incisive; keen sắc bén, đanh thép; sắc sảotrepidation fear; nervous apprehension sự rung động; sự lo lắng; sự bối r ốitribulation suffering; ordeal; distress; trial nỗi đau khổ, cực khổ tribunal court of justice toà ántribute tax levied by a ruler; payment made by one nation to another in

acknowledgment of submission; mark of respect (such as praise or gift); Ex.pay tribute to

đồ cống nạp; vật tặng để tỏ lòngkính tr ọng

trident three-pronged spear đinh batrifling trivial; unimportant ko quan tr ọng; tầm thường, vặttrigger set off; start cò súng; nút bấm; làm nổ ratrilogy group of three related works (connected by a shared subject but each

complete in itself)tác phẩm bộ 3

trinket knickknack; bauble; cheap jewelry đồ r ẻ tiềntrite hackneyed; commonplace cũ rích, sáo mòn, nhàm chántrivia trifles; unimportant matters chuyện tầm phào, tin vỉ a hètroth pledge of good faith especially in betrothal; betrothal; Ex. by my troth lòng trung thực; sự thậttrough long narrow container for feeding farm animals; lowest point (of a wave,

business cycle, etc.); long narrow depression as between wavesmáng ăn (gia súc); vùng lõm (giữa2 ngọn sóng); vùng áp suất thấp

truculence aggressiveness; ferocity; Adj. truculent: aggressive; pugnacious; fierce ngỗ ngược, hùng hổ, tàn bạotruism self-evident truth sự thật rõ ràng; chân lí hiển nhiêntruncate cut the top off; shorten cắt cụt; rút ngắntryst meeting arranged by lovers; arrangement between lovers to meet hẹn hòtumult commotion of a great crowd; riot; noise; uproar; Adj. tumultuous: noisy and

disorderlysự ồn ào, náo động; sự bối r ối, xáođộng

tundra rolling treeless plain in Siberia and arctic North America tunđra, lãnh nguyênturbid (of a liquid) having the sediment disturbed; muddy; thick đục, mờ; hỗn độn, lộn xộn; dày đặctureen deep dish for serving soup liễnturgid swollen; distended (as from liquid) cương, sưng, phồng; khoa tr ươngturmoil extreme confusion; great commotion and confusion; Ex. throw the country

into turmoilnáo loạn; náo động; hỗn độn

turncoat traitor kẻ phản bộiturpitude depravity; baseness; Ex. moral turpitude xấu xa, ti tiện; đồi bại

tutelage guardianship; training; function of a tutor; instruction; Adj. tutelary giám hộ, bảo tr ợ; giáo dục, dạy dỗ tycoon wealthy and powerful businessperson; wealthy leader; magnate; Ex.business tycoon

vua, ông trùm; tướng quân

typhoon tropical hurricane or cyclone bão totyranny oppression; cruel government; Adj. tyrannical: of a tyrant or tyranny;

despotic; V. tyrannize: treat tyrannically; oppresssự bạo ngược, chuyên chế 

tyro beginner; novice người mới vào việc

Uubiquitous being everywhere; omnipresent; N. ubiquity thường gặp; khắp nơiulterior intentionally hidden; beyond what is evident; situated beyond; unstated and

often questionable; Ex. ulterior motivevề sau, tương lai; kín đáo

ultimate final; not susceptible to further analysis; fundamental; Ex. The sun is theultimate source of energy.

cuối cùng, cơ bản, chủ yếu; tối đa

umbrage resentment; anger; sense of injury or insult; Ex. take umbrage at hisrudeness cảm tưởng bị coi khinh; sự mếchlòngunaccountable inexplicable; impossible to account for; unreasonable or mysterious không giải thích được, kì quặcunanimity complete agreement; Adj. unanimous đồng ý hoàn toànunassailable not open to attack; impregnable; not subject to question ko thể bị tấn công; ko thể nghi ngờ unassuaged unsatisfied; not soothed ko thoả mãn; ko dịu bớtunassuming modest; Ex. the champion's unassuming manner khiêm tốn

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unbridled violent; uncontrolled; Ex. unbridled rage/greed buông thả; ko kiềm chế uncanny strange; mysterious; Ex. uncanny knack kì lạ; huyền bí; phi thườnguncouth boorish; clumsy in speech or behavior; outlandish thô lỗ, vụng về; chưa văn minhunction the act of anointing with oil; Ex. extreme unction bôi, xoa, quệtunctuous oily; bland; insincerely suave nhờn (dầu); ngọt xớt (ko thành thật)underlying lying below; fundamental ở dưới; cơ bản, cơ sở undermine weaken gradually; sap; dig a mine beneath xói mòn; làm suy yếu; phá hoạiunderscore underline; emphasize gạch dưới, nhấn mạnhundulating moving with a wavelike motion; V. undulate; Cf. und: wave gợn sóng; nhấp nhôunearthly not earthly; supernatural; weird; ghostly ko thuộc trái đất, siêu nhiên; kì dị,

huyền ảo; khủng khiếpunequivocal plain; clear; obvious ko lập lờ; ko khả nghi; chắc chắn;

quyết địnhunerringly infallibly; Adj. unerring: making no mistakes hoàn toàn chính xác, ko lầm lẫnunexceptionable entirely acceptable; not offering any basis for criticism ko thể chỉ  trích, hoàn toàn thoả 

mãnunfaltering steadfast; firm; not changing ko ấp úng, ko nao núng; ko loạng

choạng; ko sút kém;unfeigned genuine; real chân thực, thành thậtunfetter liberate; free from chains; V. unfetter tháo xiềng; giải phóngunfledged immature; not having the feathers necessary to fly; Cf. fledgling còn non nớt, chưa đủ lôngunfrock defrock; strip a priest or minister of church authority tước chức, đuổiungainly (of someone) awkward in movement; clumsy; (of something) unwieldy; Ex.

ungainly dancer/instrumentlóng ngóng, vụng về 

unguent ointment thuốc mỡ, mỡ bôiuniformity sameness; monotony; Adj. uniform: the same all over t/c đều; t/c đồng dạng; t/c ko thay

đổiunilateral one-sided; involving or affecting only one side; Ex. unilateral declaration đơn phương, về 1 phíaunimpeachable that cannot be impeached; beyond doubt or question; blameless and

exemplaryko thể nghi ngờ; ko thể bắt bẻ;đáng tin cậy

uninhibited unrepressed; free in behavior and feelings ko bị cấm; tự dounintimidating unfrightening ko thể đe doạ, ko sợ hãiunique without an equal; single in kind duy nhấtunison unity of pitch (in musical performance); complete accord; Ex. The choir sang

in unisonđồng âm, đồng ca; nhất trí

universal characterizing or affecting all; general; present everywhere; of the universe;cosmic; Ex. universal agreement; Ex. a subject of universal interest

toàn bộ, toàn thể; thuộc vũ tr ụ 

unkempt disheveled; uncared for in appearance; not combed; Cf. comb r ối bù; ko giữ gìn; bỏ hoang

unmitigated (of something bad) not moderated; unrelieved or immoderate; withoutqualification; absolute; Ex. unmitigated disaster hoàn toàn, tuyệt đối (về cái xấu xa,tồi tệ); ko giảm, ko dịu điunobtrusive inconspicuous; not blatant khiêm tốn, kín đáounprecedented having no previous example; novel; unparalleled chưa từng thấy, ko có tiền lệ, chưa

từng xảy raunprepossessing unattractive ko lôi cuốn; khó ưaunravel disentangle; solve gỡ mối (chỉ ); làm sáng tỏ unrequited not requited; not reciprocated; Ex. unrequited love ko được đền đápunruly disobedient; lawless; difficult to control ngang bướng; bất khamunsavory distasteful; disagreeable; morally offensive; Ex. unsavory activity/reputation ghê tởm, khó chịu, xúc phạmunscathed unharmed; Ex. escape the accident unscathed ko bị tổn thương; vô sự unseemly unbecoming; not proper in behavior; indecent; Ex. leave with unseemly

hasteko đứng đắn; khó coi; ko hợp

unsullied untarnished; Cf. sully ko vết bẩn; ko vết nhơ, trong sạch

untenable (of a position, esp. in an argument) indefensible; not able to be maintained ko thể bảo vệ được; ko thể cãiđượcuntoward unexpected and adverse; unfortunate or unlucky; Ex. untoward encounter r ủi ro, không may; bất lịch sự unwarranted unjustified; having no justification; groundless; baseless; undeserved không có lí do xác đáng, không

được đảm bảounwieldy awkward (to carry or move); cumbersome; unmanageable khó sử dụng, cồng kềnh; khó di

chuyểnunwonted unaccustomed; unusual; Ex. He arrived with unwonted punctuality. ko quen; bất thườngupbraid reprimand; severely scold quở trách, trách mắnguproarious marked by commotion or uproar; very noisy (esp. with laughter); hilarious;

causing loud laughter; extremely funnyr ất ồn ào, om sòm; tức cười

upshot outcome; final result kết luận, kết quả cuối cùngurbane suave; refined in manner; elegant lịch sự, tinh tế urchin mischievous child (usually a boy); Cf. urchin: hedgehog; Cf. porcupine: pig

with spikes; Cf. sea urchin

thằng nhóc, đứa tr ẻ cầu bơ cầu

bất; nhím biểnursine bearlike; pertaining to a bear kiểu gấu, như gấuusurp seize another's power or rank (without legal authority); supplant;

appropriate; N. usurpation; Cf. take for one's own usechiếm đoạt, tiếm quyền

usury lending money at illegal high rates of interest sự cho vay nặng lãiutopia ideal place, state, or society; Adj. utopian điều không tưởnguxorious excessively submissive or devoted to one's wife; Cf. uxor: wife yêu vợ thái quá; bị vợ xỏ mũi

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Vvacillate waver (in opinion); fluctuate; sway to and fro; N. vacillation lắc lư, chập chờn; do dự, dao độngvacuous empty; lacking in ideas; inane; stupid; Ex. vacuous expression; N. vacuity tr ống r ỗng; ngây dại; r ỗi, vô công

r ồi nghề vagabond wanderer (without a permanent home); tramp kẻ lang thang lêu lổngvagary capricious happening; caprice; whim; Cf. wander thói đỏng đảnh; tính thất thườngvagrant wandering from place to place; roving; stray; moving in a random fashion;

Ex. vagrant thoughts; N. vagrancylang thang, phiêu bạt

vainglorious boastful; excessively conceited; N. vainglory: great vanity dương dương tự đắcvaledictory pertaining to farewell; N: farewell address (esp. at graduation exercises) dùng như một lời từ biệt

valid logically convincing; sound; legally acceptable; effective; Ex. validreasoning/passport

hợp lí, đúng đắn; có giá tr ị, có hiệulực

validate make valid; confirm; ratify phê chuẩn, làm cho hợp lívalor bravery; Adj. valiant: possessing valor; brave sự dũng cảmvampire ghostly being that sucks the blood of the living ma cà r ồngvanguard forerunners; foremost position of an army; advance forces; foremost

position in a trend or movement; Cf. rearguardquân tiên phong; người tiên phong

vantage position giving an advantage (such as a strategic point); Cf. vantage point lợi thế, ưu thế vapid lacking liveliness; dull and unimaginative; insipid and flavorless; Ex. vapid

lecturenhạt nhẽo, buồn chán

vaporize turn into vapor (steam, gas, fog, etc.) làm cho bốc hơi; bốc hơivariegated (esp. of a flower or leaf) many-colored màu sặc sỡ; đa dạng hoávassal in feudalism, one who held land of a superior lord; subordinate or dependent chư hầu; kẻ lệ thuộcveer change in direction; swerve xoay chiều; đổi hướng đivegetate live in a monotonous way (without interests or activity); Cf. vegetation:

plants of an area; Cf. vegetarian; Cf. vegansống vô vị, tẻ nhạt

vehement forceful; intensely emotional; with marked vigor; strong; N. vehemence mãnh liệt, dữ dội; sôi nổi, say đắmvelocity speed vận tốc; tốc độ venal capable of being bribed; corrupt; Cf. vernal dễ mua chuộc, hối lộ vendetta blood feud (esp. between two families); Cf. Nina Williams mối thù truyền kiếp, nợ máuvendor seller người bán dạoveneer thin surface layer (of good quality wood, glued to a base of inferior material);

cover; surface show; V.lớp mặt (đồ sành, sứ); bề mặt

venerable deserving high respect; commanding respect; Cf. command: deserve andget

đáng tôn kính, đáng kính tr ọng

venerate revere; treat with great respect sùng kính, tôn tr ọngvenial (of a fault or sin) forgivable; trivial ko nghiêm tr ọng, có thể tha thứ 

venison meat of a deer; Cf. cow: beef; Cf. pig: pork, ham, bacon; Cf. calf: veal; Cf.sheep: mutton; Cf. lamb: lamb thịt hươu, thịt naivenom poison (of an animal); hatred; Ex. remarks full of venom; Adj. venomous nọc độc; cảm giác chua cay, sự 

độc ác, sự căm ghétvent release or discharge through a vent; express (esp. unfairly); utter; Ex. He

vented his wrath on his family.tuôn ra, phun ra; trút giận

vent small opening; outlet (as of fumes or a gas); Ex. He gave vent to his angerby kicking the chair.

lỗ thông (hơi, khí. .)

ventral abdominal (thuộc) bụngventriloquist someone who can make his or her voice seem to come from another

person or thing (without moving lips or jaws); N. ventriloquism, ventriloquyngười biết nói tiếng bụng

venture risk; expose to risk; dare; undertake a risk; N. mạo hiểm, liều l ĩ nhventuresome (of a person) bold; adventurous; daring; (of an action) risky cả gan, phiêu lưu, liều l ĩ nhvenue location; place (of a crime, trial, gathering, etc.); Cf. come nơi xử án; nơi gặp gỡ 

veracity truthfulness; adherence to the truth; Adj. veracious sự thật; xác thực; trung thựcverbatim word for word; in the same words; repeating the actual words exactly đúng nguyên vănverbiage pompous array of words; too many unnecessary words; wordiness dông dàiverbose wordy; N. verbosity dài dòng; lắm lờiverdant green; covered with green plants or grass; lush in vegetation; Ex. verdant

meadowsxanh tươi; ngây thơ, thiếu k/n

verdigris green coating or patina on copper which has been exposed to the weather xanh đồng, gỉ  đồngverge border; edge, rim, or margin; Ex. on the verge of: very near to; V: border on bờ, ven; thân cột; tiến sát dầnverisimilar having the appearance of truth or reality; probable or likely to be true;

plausiblecó vẻ thật

verisimilitude appearance of truth; quality of appearing to be true or real; likelihood; Ex.verisimilitude of her performance as Lady Macbeth

vẻ thật; sự làm ra vẻ thật

veritable being truly so; real or genuine; actual; not false or imaginary được gọi đúng tên; thực sự verity quality of being true; lasting truth or principle; Ex. the verity of his testimony;

Ex. one of the eternal verities

sự thật, chân lí; có tính chân thực

vernacular living language (as compared to the official language); language spoken ina country or region; natural style; Ex. lapse into the vernacular

tiếng bản xứ, tiếng địa phương;tiếng lóng, biệt ngữ 

versatile having many talents; capable of working in many fields; having many usesor functions; N. versatility

linh hoạt, đa tài; đa năng

vertex summit; highest point; PL. vertices đỉ nh, chóp, ngọnvertigo severe dizziness; giddiness chóng mặt, hoa mắt

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verve enthusiasm (as in artistic performance or composition); liveliness; vigor hăng hái, nhiệt tình; nghị lực, sứcsống

vestige trace; remains; Ex. vestiges of some ancient religion vết tích, dấu vết, di tíchvex annoy; distress làm phật ý, chọc tức, quấy r ầyviable capable of maintaining life; feasible; practical or workable; Ex. viable

schemecó thể tồn tại và phát triển; khả thi

viand food; Cf. live thực phẩm; nuôi nấngvicarious experienced as if one were taking part in the experience of another; done by

a deputy for other people; acting as a substitute; Ex. vicarious thrill at themovies; Ex. the vicarious sufferings of Christ

lây; tr ải nghiệm một cách gián tiếp(thông qua tưởng tượng)

vicissitude change (esp. from good to bad); change of fortune; Cf. the last emperor of

China

thăng tr ầm, thay đổi chu kì; tuần

hoànvictuals food; provisions; V. victual: provide with food đồ ăn thức uốngvie contend; compete ganh đua, giành giậtvigilant watchful; on the alert; watchfully awake; alert to spot danger; N. vigilance cảnh giác; thận tr ọngvignette small drawing placed at the beginning or end of a chapter; picture; short

literary sketch; short written description of a character or scenehoạ tiết, hình minh hoạ; tem nhãn;đoản văn

vilify slander; speak evil of; N. vilification gièm pha, nói xấuvindicate clear from blame; free from blame or accusation (with supporting proof);

exonerate; substantiate; justify or support; avenge; Ex. vindicate one'sclient; Ex. vindicate one's claim; Cf. vindicator

minh oan; bào chữa; xác minh làđúng

vindictive disposed to revenge; vengeful; out for revenge; spiteful; intended to causeharm; malicious; Ex. vindictive streak

không khoan dung, hận thù

vintner wine merchant; winemaker; seller of wine người bán r ượu vangviper poisonous snake r ắn vipe; người ác hiểm, tráo tr ở virile manly; having masculine spirit or strength; full of strength cường dương; có sức lực về tình

dục; hùng dũng, r ắn r ỏivirtual in essence; existing in essence though not in actual form; for practical

purposes; Ex. virtual ruler/spaceảo

virtue goodness; moral excellence; good quality; advantage; Ex. by virtue of; Ex.make a virtue of necessity

đạo đức tốt; tính tốt; ưu điểm

virtuoso highly skilled artist (esp. in music); Ex. piano virtuoso nghệ s ĩ  bậc thầyvirulent (of a disease or poison) extremely harmful or poisonous; (of a feeling)

hostile; bitter; N. virulence; Cf. virus; Cf. venomđộc hại; cực kì có hại; độc ác,hiểm độc

virus disease communicator vi rútvisage face; appearance bộ mặt, nét mặtvisceral felt in one's inner organs; N. viscera: internal body organs; Cf. eviscerate thuộc nội tạng; theo bản năngviscid adhesive; gluey dẻo, sền sệt, dínhviscous (=viscid) (of a liquid) thick and sticky; gluey; viscid; Cf. consistency sền sệt, lầy nhầy, nhớtvise vice; tool for holding work in place; clamping device mỏ cặp, ê-tôvisionary produced by imagination; fanciful; mystical; showing foresight; N: one

having foresight; one given to speculative impractical ideastưởng tượng, hão huyền; nhìn xatrông r ộng

vital full of life; animated; vibrant and lively; critical; of great importance;necessary to stay alive; of l ife; living; breathing; N. vitality; V. vitalize

cần cho sự sống, thuộc sự sống;đầy sức sống

vitiate spoil the effect of; make inoperative; corrupt morally làm hư, làm truỵ lạc; làm mất hiệulực

vitreous of glass; pertaining to or resembling glass; V. vitrify: change into glass; Cf.petrify

như thuỷ tinh

vitriolic causing sharp pain to the mind; caustic; corrosive; sarcastic; of vitriol; N.vitriol: sulphuric acid (which burns flesh deeply); bitterly abusive expression;caustic expression; Cf. glass

cay độc; chua cay, châm chọc

vituperative abusive; scolding; V. vituperate: berate; scold; rail against abusively chửi r ủa, lăng mạ, phỉ  bángvivacious lively or animated; sprightly sôi nổi, hoạt bát, lanh lợivivisection act of dissecting living animals mổ xẻ đ/v sống; giải phẫu sốngvixen female fox; ill-tempered woman; Cf. shrew con chồn cái; người đàn bà xấu

tínhvociferous clamorous; noisy; V. vociferate: cry out loudly (when complaining) om sòm; ầm ĩ  vogue popular fashion; Ex. Jeans became the vogue. mốt, thời trangvolatile changeable; of a quickly changing nature (as of temper); mercurial; tending

to violence; evaporating rapidly; Ex. volatile character/situation in the streetkhông kiên định; dễ bay hơi

volition act of using one's will; act of making a conscious choice; Ex. She selectedthis dress of her own volition

ý muốn, ý chí

voluble fluent; talkative; glib; N. volubility tr ơn tru, lưu loát; liến thoắng, ba hoavoluminous having great volume (as of a garment or container); bulky; large lụng thụng; đồ sộ, phong phú; tovoracious ravenous; eating large quantities of food; exceedingly eager; insatiable; Ex.

voracious animal/readerphàm ăn; khao khát, háo hức

vortex whirlwind; whirlpool; center of turbulence; predicament into which one isinexorably plunged gió xoáy, cơn lốcvouchsafe grant condescendingly; guarantee; Ex. vouchsafe your fair return on your

investmentchiếu cố; hạ cố; ban cho

voyeur peeping Tom; person who derives sexual gratification from observing thesexual acts of others

người tò mò tọc mạch

vulnerable susceptible to wounds or attack; N. vulnerability có thể bị tổn thương

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vulpine like a fox; crafty xảo quyệt, cáo già

Wwaffle speak equivocally about an issue; N. nói dông dàiwaft move gently (in air or in seas) by wind or waves; Ex. leaves wafting past the

windowthoảng đưa, nhẹ đưa; làn gió nhẹ 

waggish humorous; mischievous; tricky bông đùa, khôi hài, tinh nghịchwagon (n) a four-wheeled vehicle used for transporting xe 4 bánhwaif homeless child or animal; Ex. waifs and strays vật trôi dạt, vô chủ; đứa tr ẻ bị bỏ r ơiwaive give up temporarily; yield; N. waiver: waiving a right or claim; document that

waives a right or claimtừ bỏ, tước bỏ 

wake trail of ship or other object through water; path of something that has gonebefore; Ex. hunger followed in the wake of the war

sự thức canh người chết; đườngr ẽ nước

wallow roll in mud; indulge in; (of a ship) roll in a rough sea; become helpless; Ex.wallow in the mud/luxury

đầm mình (trong bùn); thích thúđam mê

wan having a pale or sickly color; pallid xanh xao vàng vọt; mệt mỏi, uể oảiwanderlust strong longing to travel tính thích du lịchwane decrease in size or strength (after being full); grow gradually to an end; Ex.

The moon waxes and wanes every month; N.khuyết (mặt tr ăng); tàn tạ, suy yếu

wangle achieve by cleverness or trick; wiggle out; fake; Ex. She tried to wangle aninvitation to the party.

xoay xở (bằng mánh khoé hay tàikhéo léo); chuồn, tránh

wanton unrestrained; gratuitously cruel; willfully malicious; unchaste; sexuallyimproper; promiscuous; Ex. wanton spending/killing; Cf. having no justcause

lung tung; bậy bạ, bừa bãi; phóngđãng, dâm đãng; tươi tốt, sum suê

warble (of a bird) sing; babble; N. tiếng u (do ruồi giòi), ruồi giòiwarranted justified; authorized được chứng nhận, biện hộ warranty guarantee; assurance by seller giấy bảo hành; cho phép; đảm bảowarren tunnels in which rabbits live; overcrowded living area; crowded conditions in

which people livevùng nhiều hang thỏ; đông dân cư 

wary very cautious; watchful cẩn thậnwastrel waster; profligate người lười biếng vô tích sự wax increase gradually (as the moon); grow tròn dần; tăng tr ưởngwaylay ambush; lie in wait for and attack mai phụcwean accustom a baby not to nurse; accustom (the young of a mammal) to take

nourishment other than by suckling; give up a cherished activity; cause togradually leave (an interest or habit); Ex. wean oneself from cigarettes

cai sữa, làm cho dứt bỏ 

weather pass safely through (a storm or difficult period); endure the effects ofweather or other forces

dầm mưa dãi gió; vượt qua, chiếnthắng

welt raised mark from a beating or whipping đường viền (găng tay)welter confusion; turmoil; confused mass; bewildering jumble; Ex. welter of data;

wallow; lie soakedhỗn độn, lộn xộn; đắm mình,nhúng vào

wheedle deceive, persuade, or obtain by flattery; cajole; coax; Ex. wheedle apromise out of her

phỉ nh nịnh; tán tỉ nh

wheelchair (n) a chair with wheels that is used by people who have difficult walking xe lănwhelp young animal (esp. of the dog or cat family); young wolf, dog, tiger, etc. con chó con, thú con, sói conwhet sharpen; stimulate; Ex. whet someone's appetite mài sắc; kích thíchwhiff puff or gust (of air, scent); short-lasting smell; hint; Ex. whiff of perfume/scandal luồng, hơiwhimsical capricious; fanciful; amusingly strange bất thường; kì quáiwhinny neigh like a horse; Cf. neigh: make the sound which horses make hí như ngựawhisper (v) to speak very softly thì thầmwhittle pare; cut away thin bits (from wood); fashion in this way; reduce gradually;

trimdao bầu; chuốt, gọt, đẽo

whorl ring of leaves around stem; ring; circular arrangement; Ex. whorls on thefingers vòng xoắn, vòng láwillful wilful; intentional; headstrong cố ý; bướng, ngoan cố wily crafty; cunning; artful; N. wile: deceitful stratagem xảo trá; quỷ quyệtwince move back suddenly; shrink back; flinch; Ex. She winced as she touched

the cold body.nhăn mặt, cau mày; ngượngngùng

windfall fallen fruit; unexpected lucky event quả cây r ụng; vận may bất ngờ winnow sift; separate the chaff from grain by blowing; separate good parts from bad;

Cf. windsàng lọc; sàng sẩy (thóc)

winsome charming (in a childlike way); agreeable; gracious; engaging hấp dẫn, lôi cuốn; tươi tỉ nh, r ạng r ỡwispy thin; slight; barely discernible như làn, như dải; mỏng manh, lưa

thưawistful sadly thoughtful (because of desires or memories); sadly pensive; vaguely

longingbâng khuâng, đăm chiêu; nuối tiếc,buồn bã

withdrawn introverted; retiring; remote lãnh đạm, không chan hoàwither (of a plant) dry up from loss of moisture; lose freshness; shrivel; decay làm khô, làm chết; khinh miệt,khuất phục; tiều tuỵ, tàn lụi

withhold refuse to give; hold back; Ex. withholding tax từ chối; giấu; kìm nénwithstand stand up against; resist successfully giữ vững, tr ụ lại, chống lạiwitless lacking intelligence or wit; foolish; idiotic đần độn; mất tríwitticism witty saying; wisecrack (clever joking remark) lời nói dí dỏm, lời nhận xét tế nhị 

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wizardry sorcery; magic ma thuậtwizened shriveled; withered; Ex. wizened apple/old lady khô xác, nhăn nheo, héo honwoe great sorrow; deep inconsolable grief; affliction; suffering; Ex. financial woes đau buồn; phiền muộnwont (the stated person's) habit or custom; habitual procedure; Adj. wonted:

customarytập quán, thói quen

wrangle quarrel noisily; obtain through arguing; herd cattle; N. cãi lộnwrath anger; fury phẫn nộ wreak inflict; Ex. wreak one's vengeance on tr ả thù, bắt phải chịu (tr ừng phạt)wrest obtain by pulling violently; pull away; take by violence; Ex. wrest victory from

their graspgiật mạnh, giành lấy

writ written command issued by a court (telling someone to do or not to dosomething)

lệnh, giấy đòi, trát của toà

writhe twist in coils; contort in pain quặn đau; dằn vặt; làm đau khổ wry (esp. of an expression of the face) twisted; with a humorous twist

(expressing displeasure)nhăn nhở, ghê tởm; gượng

Xxenophobia fear or hatred of foreigners; N. xenophobe bài ngoại, tính bài ngoại

Yyell (v) to speak very loudly, to call out; shout la hétyen strong desire; longing; urge; Ex. yen for travel thèm muốn; thèm thuồngyeoman man or farmer owning small estate; middle-class farmer tiểu điền chủ yoke (v) to join together; unite; N: crossbar used to joining two draft animals cặp vào nhau, nối nhau (ống

nước); lồng vào ách (trâu bò)yokel rustic; country bumpkin; người nông thôn, người quê mùayore time long past; Ex. in the days of yore of yore: xưa, ngày xưa

Zzany comic; crazy; N: clown; comical person (given to outlandish behavior) người ngu; khờ dạizeal eager enthusiasm (to a cause or ideal); Adj. zealous lòng sốt sắng; nhiệt huyếtzealot one who is zealous; fanatic; person who shows excessive zeal cuồng tínzenith point directly overhead in the sky; summit; acme; highest point thiên đỉ nh, đỉ nh cao nhấtzephyr gentle breeze; west wind gió hiu hiu; gió tây