great museums in uk

8/11/2019 Great Museums in Uk

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GRE T MUSEUMS IN UK


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Art is the product or process of deliberately arranging items in a way

that influences and affects one or more of the senses, emotions, and

intellect


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A museum is an institution that

houses and cares for a collection of

artifacts and other objects of

scientific, artistic, or historical

importance and makes them

available for public viewing through

exhibits that may be permanent or

temporary.


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1.NATIONAL GALLERY

The National Gallery in London was founded in 1824 and houses a

rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th

century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square.

Unlike comparable art museums such as the Louvre in Paris or the

Museo del Prado in Madrid, the National Gallery was not formed by

nationalising an existing royal or princely art collection.


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Collection history

The first paint ings :John Julius Angerstein

Deciding what to co l lect: the new Director, Sir Charles

Eastlake ensured that the Gallery's collection of Italian painting

expanded and widened in scope to become one of the best in

the world.

The Turner bequest

The new Tate Gallery : In 1889, Henry Tate offered his collection

to the nation

The Gallery opened in 1897 The new gallery was officially known the National Gallery of

British Art


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About the building

John Julius Angerstein38 pictures were intended to formthe core of a new national collection, for the enjoyment andeducation of all. The pictures were displayed at Angerstein'shouse at 100 Pall Mall until a dedicated gallery building wasconstructed.

In 1831 Parliament agreed to construct a building for theNational Gallery at Trafalgar Square.

The National Gallery stands on the former site of the King's

Mews.

The Gallery's architectWilliam Wilkins


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100 Pall Mall, the home of the National

Gallery from 1824 to 1834.

A Party of Working Men at the National

Gallery


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The Gallery today

The Gallery has a total floor area of 46,396 metres squared -

equivalent to around six football pitches. It would be big enough to

hold over 2,000 London double-decker buses.

Floor plan of the National

Gallery (piano nobile level

only) as of 2010


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Collection overview

The National GalleryCollection contains over2,300 works, includingmany famous works,such as van EycksArnolfini Portrait,Velzquezs RokebyVenus, Turners FightingTemeraireand Van

Goghs Sunflowers.

Botticelli,Adoration of the

Kings


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13th- to 15th-century paintings

Duccio, Uccello, van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli,

Drer, Memling, Bellini;

The Arnolfini Portrait,Jan van Eyck Uccello, The Battle of San Romano,probably about 1438-40


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16th-century paintings

Leonardo, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Holbein,

Bruegel, Bronzino, Titian, Veronese;

The Virgin of the Rocks,Leonardo daVinci

Titian, Bacchus and Ariadne, 1520-3


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Venus and Marsby SandroBotticelli 1483

The Madonna of the Pinks(LaMadonna dei Garofani)Raphael


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17th-century paintings

Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velzquez,

Claude, Rembrandt, Cuyp, Vermeer;

A Young Woman standing at a

Virginal, Johannes Vermeer

Self Portrait at the Age of 34

Rembrant


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18th- to early 20th-century paintings

Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Ingres, Degas,

Czanne, Monet, Van Gogh;

Turner, The Fighting

Temeraire, 1839

Sunflowers, Vincent van Gogh


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Learn about art-Painting in depth

Vincent Van Gogh,Sunflowers, 1888

Find out whySunflowersrepresentedhappiness for VanGogh. Learn how heexperimented withcolour to capture

mood and expressidentity.


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Ten reasons to visit the museum

Visitor figures:4,780,030-Ranked 2ndnationally

1.Get into great art

2.Get creative

3.Be inspired4.Learn about art

5.Relax

6.Meet

7.Have a good lunch

8.Shop

9.Listen and enjoy

10.Cinema at the Gallery


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2.TATE MUSEUM


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History and development

The original Tate art gallery was called the National

Gallery of British Art, situated on Millbank, Pimlico,

London at the site of the former Millbank Prison.

Sir Henry Tate offered to fund the building of the gallery

to house British Art on the condition that the State pay

for the site and revenue costs. Henry Tate also donated

his own collection to the gallery.


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In 1988, an outpost in the North West

England opened as Tate Liverpool. This

shows various works of modern art

from the Tate collection as well asmounting its own temporary

exhibitions.


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In 1993, another offshoot

opened, Tate St Ives. It

exhibits work by modern

British artists, particularly those

of the St Ives School.


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The original gallery is now called Tate Britain and isthe national gallery for British art from 1500 to thepresent day, as well as some modern British art.

Tate Modern, in Bankside Power Station on thesouth side of the Thames, opened in 2000 and nowexhibits the national collection of modern art from1900 to the present day, including some modernBritish art. In its first year, the Tate Modern was the

most popular museum in the world, with 5,250,000visitors.


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About the collection

The Collection currently consists of 66,062

works of art by 3,075 artists including:

4,930 paintings

1,690 sculptures

285 reliefs

333 installations

47,653 unique works on paper


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The Pantheon, Oxford Street, theMorning after the Fire exhibited 1792,Joseph Mallord William Turner

The Roman Campagna from MonteTestaccio, Sunset 1819, JosephMallord William Turner


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About the building

TATE MODERN When the building that is now Tate

Modern presented itself, it appeared something of a

miracle. It was a former power station that had closed in

1982, so it was available. It was a very striking and

distinguished building in its own right, by the architect SirGiles Gilbert Scott.


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3.BRITISH MUSEUM

The British Museum is a museum of human history and

culture in London. Its collections, which number more

than seven million objects, are amongst the largest andmost comprehensive in the world and originate from all

continents, illustrating and documenting the story of

human culture from its beginnings to the present.


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History of the British Museum

The British Museum was founded in 1753, the first

national public museum in the world.Visitor numbers

have grown from around 5,000 a year in the eighteenth

century to nearly 6 million today.

The origins of the British Museum lie in the will of the

physician, naturalist and collector, Sir Hans Sloane.


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History of the collection

The British Museum's founding collection was the 71,000books, antiquities and natural specimens bequeathed tothe nation by Sir Hans Sloane in 1753.

In 1772, the first major collection of classical antiquities

was added to the Museum when the Greek vasecollection belonging to Sir William Hamilton wasacquired.

A number of high profile classical antiquity acquisitionswere made such as the Rosetta Stone (1802) and the

Townley collection of classical sculpture, including theDiscobolos statue and the bust of a young womanClytie (1805).


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New acquisitions included a unique whalebone casket

from Northumbria (1867), the Royal Gold Cup (1892)

and 10,000 items from the Christy collection of prehistory

and ethnography, including a collection of Mexicanturquoise masks.

A number of key archaeological finds were discovered

during the twentieth century.


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Rosetta-stone


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The huntkrater from the hamilton collection

Cuneiform Collection,

including the Epic of Gilgamesh


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Architecture

The core of todays building was designed by the

architect Sir Robert Smirke (17801867) in 1823. It was

a quadrangle with four wings: the north, east, south and

west wings.

Smirke designed the building in the Greek Revival style,

which emulated classical Greek architecture. Greek

features on the building include the columns and

pediment at the South entrance.


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4.MUSEUM OF SCOTLAND

The Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, is a

building which, together with the adjacent Royal

Museum, comprises the National Museum of Scotland. It

is dedicated to the history, people and culture ofScotland.

Opened in 1998, incorporating collections from the

National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland and Scottishitems from the Royal Museum, the museum possesses a

distinctive look.


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Collections

Notable artifacts include:

Sculptures by Sir Eduardo Paolozzi, housing prehistoricjewellery

The Monymusk Reliquary

10 of the Lewis chessmen. (The rest are owned by theBritish Museum)

A Union Flag and Scottish Flag raised by the Hanoveriansand Jacobites respectively at the Battle of Culloden

Paintings by Margaret MacDonaldSculptures by Andy Goldsworthy, inspired by the work of

Scottish geologist James Hutton


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Architecture

The building's architecture was controversial from thestart, and Prince Charles resigned as patron of themuseum, in protest at the lack of consultation over itsdesign.

The museum is made up of geometric, Corbusian forms,but also has numerous references to Scotland, such asbrochs and castellated, defensive, architecture.

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