Development and Management of Winter Canola for the Great Plains Region

Canola Project Directors’ WorkshopMarch 18, 2013

J. Ernest Minton – Associate Director of Research and Technology Transfer for KSRE and Co-Project Director

Michael J. Stamm – K-State Canola Breeder and Co-Project Director

Winter Canola Acres in the Southern Great Plains(**2013 estimated; Sources: NASS, FSA)

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50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013**

Year

Pla

nted

Acr

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Oklahoma Kansas Other (CO & TX)

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Great Plains Canola Research Program Since 1994, $2.309 million of NCRP funds invested in the region.

The Project Directors allows the individual subcontractors to determine how to divide funding. A significant amount supports the

longstanding regional variety testing network.

Performance testing is critical for the development, evaluation, and release of new, better-adapted winter canola varieties.

Today, the region’s highest priorities remain variety development and new crop production research.

Great Plains SACC9/1/2007 to 8/31/ 2013

$472,15831%

$1,039,19269%

SACC FundsKSU F&A Costs

Total: $1,511,826

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Research ObjectivesThe long-term goal of this multi-state, multidisciplinary project is to facilitate the adoption of winter canola as a viable rotational crop for the Great Plains and the southern High Plains. Researchers have the goal of significantly increasing canola production and/or acreage by developing and testing superior germplasm, improving methods of production, and transferring new knowledge to producers. The following supporting objectives guide the program. Continue the evaluation and development of high-yielding, locally adapted canola cultivars for the region Improve canola production systems in the region by addressing agronomic management issues Extend production and marketing technology for canola through appropriate, coordinated technology transfer programs

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J. Ernest Minton KSU Co-PD, Assoc. Dir. of Research and Technology Transfer for KSRE

Michael J. Stamm KSU Co-PD, Associate Agronomist – Canola Breeder

Johnathon D. Holman KSU Associate Professor, Cropping Systems

Kraig Roozeboom KSU Associate Professor, Cropping Systems/Crop Production

Jerry J. Johnson CSU Associate Professor, Crop Production Extension Coordinator

Dipak Santra UNL Assistant Professor, Alternative Crops Breeding

Sangu Angadi NMSU Assistant Professor, Crop Physiologist

Rick Kochenower OSU Area Crop and Soil Extension Specialist

Paul DeLaune TAMU – Vernon

Assistant Professor, Environmental Soil Science

Calvin Trostle TAMU – Lubbock

Associate Professor, Extension Agronomist

FY12 Project Personnel

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Institution CSU KSU UNL NMSU OSU TAMUV TAMULFunding Level $33,000 $88,976 $10,000 $33,000 $5,000 $7,500 $10,000

Canola Variety Dev. X X

National Winter Canola Variety Trial X X X X X X

Great Plains Canola Variety Trial X X X X X X

Early Generation Screening Nursery X X

Canola Establishment X X X

Irrigation Management X X X

Planting Date X X

Planting Rate X

Canola Forage X X X

Harvest Management X

FY12 Project Breakdown - $187,476

Winter Canola Research• K-State coordinates the Great Plains Canola Research Program and the National Winter Canola Variety Trial (NWCVT).

• Participating locations in the 2012-2013 growing season.

University research station and Great Plains Canola Research Program member

Supported by the USDA - NIFA Supplemental and Alternative Crops program.

NWCVT locations The NWCVT includes 50 commercial and experimental winter canola varieties from public and private entities. The NWCVT increases the visibility of winter canola across the USA.

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2011-2012 Regional Variety Trials – lb/a

Location StateNWCVT GPCVT EGSN

Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range

Akron CO Lost to drought

Rocky Ford † CO 3,007 2,113 – 3,832

Yellow Jacket CO 945 607 – 1,311

Walsh † CO Lost to drought Lost to drought

Columbia MO 1,761 1,167 – 2,191 1,824 1,554 – 2,140

Clovis † NM 2,708 1,563 – 3,930

Scottsbluff † NE 769 410 – 1,318 789 506 – 1,328

Enid OK 2,115 1,312 – 2,859 2,160 1,347 – 2,758

Goodwell † OK 2,113 1,474 – 2,656 2,145 1,886 – 2,354

Chillicothe † TX Severe storm Severe storm

Etter † TX 2,003 1,198 – 2,952

Lubbock † TX 2,368 1,292 – 3,346 1,984 1,309 – 2,381† Irrigated

2011-2012 Kansas Variety Trials – lb/aLocation

NWCVT GPCVT EGSN

Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range

Andale 1,339 557 – 2,795

Belleville 3,979 3,040 – 4,846

Colby † 1,385 914 – 1,834

Garden City † 2,300 1-165 – 3,507

Hutchinson Lost to drought

Kiowa 2,117 1,583 – 2,991

Manhattan 2,191 1,343 – 3,557 2,465 2,013 – 2,946 2,049 988 – 2,936

Marquette 771 345 – 1,629† Irrigated

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Canola Planting Management: K-StatePlanting Date x Tillage x Variety

Aug. 31 Sept. 22 Oct. 3Sept. 9

Pictures taken October 7, 2011

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Canola Planting Management, cont.Planting Date x Tillage x Variety

Aug. 31 Sept. 22 Oct. 3Sept. 9

Pictures taken March 9, 2012

Figure 1. Canola winter survival response to cultivar and tillage, 2009-10 and 2011-12.

Figure 2. Canola yield response to cultivar and tillage, 2009-10.

Figure 3. Canola winter survival response to planting date and tillage over three seasons, 2009-10 to 2011-12.

Figure 4. Canola yield response to planting date and tillage over three seasons, 2009-10 to 2011-12.

Figure 1. Grazing Treatment Effects on Winter Survival

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Dual purpose grain and forage crop

Figure 3. Genotypic Differences in Winter Survival after Grazing

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Figure 2. Grazing Treatment Effects on Grain Yield

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Haying Effects on Canola

Hay Fall Stand Spring Stand Winter SurvivalGrain Yield

(9% moisture)Plants m-1 row Plants m-1 row % lbs/acre

Not-Hayed 20 a 14 a 68 a 1573 aHayed 18 b 8 b 44 b 930 b

ANOVA P>F

<0.01 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001LSD 0.05 1.9 1.4 4.8 104.1Letters within a column represent differences at LSD 0.05

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CompanionCanola Fall

Vigor Fall StandSpring Stand

Winter Survival

Grain Yield (9% moisture)

Test Weight

(0-10)Plants-1 m

rowPlants-1 m

row % lbs/acre lb/buNone 9 a 19 ab 11 ab 63 a 1461 a 48 aSpring Triticale 7 bc 19 ab 12 a 60 a 1321 ab 49 aWinter Triticale 8 b 21 a 13 a 59 a 1296 b 48 abRadish 7 c 17 b 8 c 48 b 1240 b 47 cTurnip 7 bc 17 b 9 bc 50 b 914 c 47 bc

ANOVA P>FSource of Variation

<0.0001 <0.05 <0.001 <0.01 <0.0001 <0.001LSD 0.05 1 3 2 8 165 1

Letters within a column represent differences at LSD 0.05

Companion Crop Effects on Canola

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Developing cultivars tolerant to sulfonylurea herbicide carryover

0.50x rate of Finesse PPI (14 DAP) 1.0x rate of Finesse PPI (14 DAP)

0.25x rate of Finesse PPI (14 DAP)No herbicide (14 DAP)

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Figure 1. Response of KSUR21 to different rates of sulfonylurea herbicides.

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Figure 2. Response of KSUR18 to different rates of sulfonylurea herbicides.

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New cultivar response to carryover

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Other breeding interests Glyphosate resistance. Oil quantity and quality.

Mid to high oleic acid Blackleg resistance. Tolerance to winter decline

syndrome. Aphid tolerance. Wide range of maturities.

Glyphosate Tolerance Study

Winter Decline Syndrome

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Outreach/Extension “Riley Winter Canola” published in the Journal of Plant

Registrations. “Effects of planting date and tillage on winter canola” was published

by the Plant Management Network. Over 300 producers and ag professionals attended the 8th annual

Canola Production Conference in Enid and Lawton, OK. KSU conducted 3 radio broadcasts and wrote 7 Department of

Agronomy e-Updates on insect pests, harvest management, profitability, seeding, and varieties.

KSU canola agronomists participated in 9 spring field days and 2 fall field days in 2012.

Seven winter canola risk management schools were held from August 2012 to March 2013 with over 225 in attendance.

KSU is conducting 8 canola tours/field days in spring 2013. Hosting the spring 2013 Great Plains Canola Association board

meeting at KSU.

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Colorado State University (1994-present) 5 variety testing locations

Akron – NWCVT Fruita – NWCVT Rocky Ford – NWCVT Walsh – NWCVT & GPCVT Yellow Jacket – NWCVT

Canola On-Farm Testing Program Effective program for wheat Canola program plagued by drought

2011/12 – Seed of 6 cultivars for 1 acre each 2012/13 – Seed of 3 cultivars for 2 acres each 2013/14 – Seed of 1 cultivar for larger area of production

SeasonPlanned

SitesActual Sites

Lost to Drought Dryland Irrigated Cultivars

Yield (lb/a)

2011/12 20 13 6 3 4 6 1,738

2012/13 15 10 5 1 4 3 ?

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CSU, cont. Agronomic research at Rocky Ford in 2012/13.

Canola irrigation study 3 varieties plus limited irrigation treatments

Canola planting rate study 3 varieties plus 4 planting rates in lb/a

Outreach/Extension 100 youth from Denver visited canola plots near Fruita Discussions with advisory boards at each center Over 75 field day participants

Critical needs Variety testing and development Limited irrigation and leasing issues Market development

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New Mexico State University – Clovis Cooperator since 2009.

High elevation (4,200 ft) with irrigation potential.

Tremendous yield potential. 3,463 lb/a in 2009/10. 2,708 lb/a in 2011/12. Drought and late spring

freezes are the biggest deterrents.

Forage potential of canola (field day on April 15).

Evaluating water use patterns and water use efficiency of canola varieties under deficit irrigation management conditions.

Regrowth to Flowering

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1 4 7 10 13

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2011 season was extremely stressful with low rainfall, record cold temperatures, strong winds, and late spring frost.

At all irrigation levels, wheat extracted more water than canola at the planting to regrowth and regrowth to flowering stages.

Canola extracted more water than wheat in a dry year at the flowering to maturity stage. Flowering most critical stage

for water demand. Root growth up until flowering

and pod fill.

Seed

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Total Water Use (mm)200 300 400 500 600 700 800 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Canola (Rally)Wheat (TAM 111)

Water is most limiting factor, but stresses at critical stages have been challenging. 2009 – Average year with

late spring blizzard 2010 – Wet year 2011 – Dry year with late

spring frost Wheat yields were generally

higher than canola, but were closer to equal in 2011.

Above ground biomass for canola was equal to wheat in 2009 and 2011.

Harvest index similar to wheat in 2010.

Oil yield was similar for the two cultivars except for 2011 because of late freeze.

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Texas AgriLife Extension – Lubbock High elevation, limited

rainfall and irrigation. Excellent yield potential.

Etter – 2,003 lb/a Lubbock – 2,368 lb/a

Cabbage aphids are a major concern in the spring – 3 sprays in 2012.

Interest in dual-purpose, forage and grain, canola. Possibility of ADM canola crusher in Lubbock exists. Water efficient crops are desperately needed.

2011/12 Canola Trial – Etter, TX

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Texas AgriLife Research – Vernon Cooperator since 1994

Excellent potential for production under irrigation (3,000 lb/a) Most producers are interested in planting canola in a rotation and

future research is warranted showing benefits of canola as a rotational option. Tillage, planting date, seeding rate, and fertility requirements. Improved glyphosate resistant varieties. Extension efforts lacking because of the loss of a specialist (OSU helps). Marketing outlets and information are needed.

SDI (5 in) yield trial 2009-2010

Type Yield % of Mean

Safran Hybrid 3412 124

Sitro Hybrid 3240 117

Dynastie Hybrid 3231 116

Wichita OP 2559 89

Kadore OP 2423 88

Virginia OP 2323 84

LSD (0.05) 426 15

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University of Nebraska-Lincoln (1994-present) Winter survival is very critical for adaptation to western NE

Panhandle. Lack of snow cover, high winds, and geese have negatively affected

survival during the winter. New cultivars and advanced breeding lines, developed at KSU, have

shown above average winter survival. Agronomic research on establishing winter canola under dryland

conditions is the critical research need. Establishment study started in 2011/12 and continued in

2012/13. 4 treatments (no-till, minimum till, stale seedbed, and full

tillage). Drought reduced stands and the trial was not taken to harvest.

Development of a local marketing system is the critical need for increasing canola production in western NE.

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Cooperator since 2001 High elevation, low rainfall. Biggest obstacle is stand establishment in the fall. Critical GPCVT location for variety development on the High Plains.

Oklahoma State University – Goodwell

Planting date, average yield, yield range, and coefficient of variation for NWCVT location, Goodwell, OK.Season Planting

DateYield

Range CV

2001-2002

9/17/2001 1,147

631 – 1,695

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2002-2003

9/17/2002 1,497

1,001 – 2,303

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2003-2004

9/24/2003 1,476

291 – 2,841

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2004-2005

9/29/2004 1,814

1,192 – 2,299

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2006-2007

9/18/2006 2,914

2,088 – 3,808

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2008-2009

9/17/2008 2,109

1,551 – 2,752

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2010-2011

9/17/2010 1,690

1,000 – 2,506

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2011-2012

9/20/2011 2,113

1,474 – 2,474

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Implications Canola acres are increasing in the southern Great

Plains. Agronomic research and variety testing are fostering

expansion and critical for the future. As a general rule, yield potential is greater than the

national average. Huge potential for winter canola acreage growth under

limited irrigation. More information on winter canola water use efficiency is

needed. SACC grant funding is critical for growth in the

southern Great Plains.

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Next Steps Maintain the level of support and increase it if

possible. Continue to work with individual investigators

to meet the needs for growers across the broader Great Plains region.

Engage stakeholders from across a diverse region. Utilize the Great Plains Canola Association.

Engage investigators more in writing the grant proposal.

Questions?