great plains water resources...great plains water resources only nation-wide network focused on...
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B R I A N E . H A G G A R DP r e s i d e n t - E l e c t , N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r W a t e r R e s o u r c e s
D i r e c t o r , A r k a n s a s W a t e r R e s o u r c e s C e n t e rP r o f e s s o r , B i o l o g i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g P r o g r a m
Great Plains Water Resources
Only nation-wide network focused on applied water resources research, education and outreach.
The 54 institutes are at theland-grant universities ineach of the 50 states, theterritories and the Districtof Columbia.
Federal Program – Water Resources Research Act
Historically, we were an authorized program (re-authorization pending).
104G Program – National Competitive Grants less than 10% funding rate
104B Program – Base Institute Funding 92,355$ per institute
Board of Directors executive committee regional representation
NIWR’s 8 REGIONS Pacific Northwest
Powell Consortium
Great Plains
Great Lakes
Northeastern
Mid-Atlantic
Southeastern
Islands & Oceania (Are there any jobs
open there?)
GREAT PLAINS REGION Montana
Dakotas
Nebraska
Iowa
(We are here)
Missouri
Kansas
Oklahoma
Arkansas
(I am from here)
W H A T D O W E H A V E I N C O M M O N
A C R O S S O U R R E G I O N ?
W H A T A R E T H E E M E R G I N G R E S E A R C H
P R I O R I T I E S A C R O S S T H E
G R E A T P L A I N S ?
Great Plains Water Resources
Why not look at the NIWR 104B funding?
ARKANSAS 104B Project Themes 2012 Drinking Water Treatment &
Disinfection Byproducts Effect of Climate Variability on
Algae & TOC in Drinking Water Supply Reservoirs
Nutrient Runoff Reduction Measures for Poultry Houses
FOCUS Quality – Nutrients Quantity – Water Treatment
Why not look at the NIWR 104B funding?
OKLAHOMA 104B Project Themes 2012 Effluent Impacts on Nitrogen
Cycling in Streams Effect of Climate Variability &
Land Use on Stream Flow Identifying Nutrient Pathways
into Streams
FOCUS Quality – Nutrients Quantity – Stream Flows
Why not look at the NIWR 104B funding?
KANSAS 104B Project Themes 2012 Sediment Core Analysis to
Understand Reservoir History Impacts of Dredging on the
Kansas River Morphology Evaluation of the Kansas
Phosphorus Index Investigation Recharge into the
High Plains Aquifer Extracting Hydrostatic
Information for Drilling Logs FOCUS Quality – Nutrients & Sediment Quantity – Ground Waters
Why not look at the NIWR 104B funding?
MISSOURI 104B Project Themes 2012 Urban Water Quality & the
Value of Green Roofs Membrane Biofouling in
Sewage Treatment Reactors Operated for Nitrification
FOCUS Quality – Nutrients &
Wastewater Treatment Quantity – Stormwater
Why not look at the NIWR 104B funding?
NEBRASKA 104B Project Themes 2012 Analysis of Potential Ground
Water Trading Programs Developing a 2-tier Screen to
Evaluate Wetland Health Direct Monitoring of
Knickpoint Progression
FOCUS Quality – Aquatic Health,
Erosion & Geomorphology Quantity – Ground Water Law,
Economics, & Policy
Why not look at the NIWR 104B funding?
IOWA 104B Project Themes 2012 Community Wide Urban
Stormwater Planning using LIDAR, GIS & Modeling
Dielectric Measurement of Soil Nitrate Concentrations
Field Water Balance & Minimizing Agricultural Impacts to Water Quality
FOCUS Quality – Nutrients Quantity – Stormwater
Why not look at the NIWR 104B funding?
DAKOTAS 104B Project Themes 2012 Agricultural Drainage,
Nutrients, and Pathogens Bioavailability of Estrogen
Bound to Soils & Manure Algal Dynamics across Lake
Physical & Chemical Changes Water Treatment Process &
Disinfection Byproducts Wastewater Treatment &
Bioreactor Nitrate Removal FOCUS Quality – Nutrients, BMPs, &
Wastewater Treatment Quantity – Runoff & Water
Treatment
Why not look at the NIWR 104B funding?
MONTANA 104B Project Themes 2012 Stream & Hyporheic Water
Temperature Response to Restoration Activities
Nutrient Dynamics & Eco-system Function in Coupled Aquatic-Terrestrial Systems
Student Research Fellowships Snowmelt, Spawning Habitat, Natural
Treatment Systems, River Treaty Negotiations, Invasive Species, etc.
FOCUS Quality – Nutrients, Water
Temperature & Habitat Quantity – Snow Melt, Stream
Flow, plus Water Law & Policy
The 104B Program allows institutes to address emerging issues in a timely manner, also perceived state centric.The 104B Program allows institutes to address emerging issues in a timely manner, also perceived state centric.
104B Program USGS external contract annual appropriations 3 or more state projects state advisory councils regional networks national network
What is the relevance of the 104B Program?
of the water issues we face across the Great Plains Region.of the water issues we face across the Great Plains Region.
COMMON THEMES Disinfection Byproducts Wastewater Treatment Stormwater Management Agricultural & Water Nutrients [Water Quality] Stream Geomorphology
The 104B Program gives a good sense…
The end points of projects for faculty might not be the end points measured of federal programs.
HOW DO WE MEASURE PROJECT SUCCESS?
• Faculty
• External Funding• Publications• Students Training• Land-grant Mission
• Students
• Job Ready Skills• EMPLOYED!• Life-Long-Learning
104B Funded Research Project
Like all federal programs, the 104B Program is evaluated annually and every three to five years.
HOW DO OTHERS MEASURE THE SUCCESS OF OUR PROGRAM?
• Water Supply & Use
• Agriculture & Industrial Needs
• Domestic Requirements
• Environmental In-stream Flow Needs
• Water Quality
• Nutrients• Algal Biomass• Geomorphology• Habitat• Emerging
Contaminants• Disinfection
Byproducts
104B Program
Sequestration
OMB, who else?
Water supply increases might be quantified and communicated a little easier than water quality.
It is critical that we (faculty) have the ability
to communicate our results to our stakeholders.
The state water resources research
institutes like Iowa’s Water Center play an
important role in information transfer.
We need to be communicating our
success stories, showing improvements in water
quantity and quality.
I wanted to focus on water quality changes…
SCALE DEPENDENT It matters where we are
monitoring for WQ changes? Large Watersheds (HUC8-) Small Watershed (HUC12+) Edge-of-field (landscape)
The time required to see WQ changes increases with size, i.e. catchment area.
We often have a lag in watershed response to the implementation of BMPs.
Sediment (8-50+ years) Nitrate (5-50+ years) Phosphorus (1-15+ years) Bacteria (1 year) Biology (2-25 years)
I wanted to focus on water quality changes…
MONITORING STRATEGIES It also matters how we are
monitoring for WQ changes? Small watershed to edge-of-
field requirements [differ] Large watersheds needs
Strategies need remove exogenous variables that influence WQ.
Stream flow, i.e. discharge Seasonality, i.e. bioprocesses Pesticide applications
Techniques need to have solid statistical base, but easy to communicate to everyone.
Parametric, i.e. regression Non-parametric, i.e. Kendall
LN MONTHLY WATER VOLUME (m3)
15 16 17 18 19 20
LN M
ON
THLY
TP
LO
AD
(kg)
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
TIME (1997 THROUGH 2008)
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Flow
-Adj
uste
d Lo
ads
LOW
HIGH
Illinois River, Arkansas – Oklahoma Line
WHY DO WE SEE A LAG IN WATERSHED RESPONSE?
We know that nutrients cycle in aquatic systems, and that the cycles are displaced downstream, i.e. nutrient spiraling.
So, nutrients move downstream in the
dissolved form before being removed from the
water column.
The particulate forms also may be transported downstream, especially in more turbid systems
and during storm events.
WATERSHED NUTRIENT SPIRALINGLet’s move from the
river system upstream to some point on the
landscape.
In large rivers, nutrient uptake lengths are in the order of 1,000 to 10,000 m (1-10 km).
In smaller streams, uptake lengths range
from <100 to 1,00o m.
These distances are based on river km, and influence by discharge
and in-stream processes.
WATERSHED NUTRIENT SPIRALING
But, how far do nutrients move on the landscape, i.e. runoff?
There is not much data on this, in terms of
distances – however, we could look at past filter
strip studies.
These studies suggest nutrients, especially
phosphorus, are moving 10 m or less…
SHORT DISTANCES!
Watershed Nutrient Spiraling
Nutrient uptake lengths needs to be consider across the watershed.
Landscape distances are short, and storage capacity high (especially phosphorus)
Stream distance relatively longer, but storage capacity and time is important
TAKE HOME MESSAGE We can make changes at the
landscape level, but patience is required at watershed-scale.
Monitoring required at multiple scales, i.e. field to watershed
QUESTIONS