GreeceGreece

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Acropolis

Acropolis

GeographyGeographyLandscape: mountainousLandscape: mountainous

Mt. Olympus “home of the gods”Mt. Olympus “home of the gods”Trade difficultTrade difficultHard to unite so had sm. Hard to unite so had sm. Communities w/ ind. Gov’tCommunities w/ ind. Gov’tCrops hard to grow Crops hard to grow Sm. PopulationSm. PopulationGrains, grapes, olivesGrains, grapes, olives

Life lived around the seaLife lived around the sea Aegean, Ionian, Black and ______Aegean, Ionian, Black and ______ TradeTrade CommunicationCommunication

ClimateClimate Mediterranean climate: moderate Mediterranean climate: moderate

temps w/ rain in wintertemps w/ rain in winter Men spent time @ Men spent time @ agoraagora, gym , gym

political meetings, theater, civic & political meetings, theater, civic & religious celebrationsreligious celebrations

Everyone in ea. C-S knew ea. otherEveryone in ea. C-S knew ea. other

Story TimeStory Time

MINOANSMINOANS

KING MINOSKING MINOS

KNOSSOSKNOSSOS

MINOTAURMINOTAUR

ATHENSATHENS

THESEUSTHESEUS

ARIADNEARIADNE

Trojan warTrojan war Troy located in Asia MinorTroy located in Asia Minor

Homer (Greek bard/poet) blindHomer (Greek bard/poet) blindTrojans kidnapped wife of a Trojans kidnapped wife of a Greek king: HelenGreek king: Helen

Victory when Mycenaeans Victory when Mycenaeans offered wooden horse: Trojan offered wooden horse: Trojan HorseHorse

Heinrich Schliemann, 1871Heinrich Schliemann, 1871

Helen of Troy

Heinrich Schliemann

Dark AgesDark AgesMycenaeans collapsed 1200 BCEMycenaeans collapsed 1200 BCEDorian took overDorian took over

Skill of writing lost: 400 yrsSkill of writing lost: 400 yrsPeople depended on bardsPeople depended on bards

Long heroic poem=epicLong heroic poem=epicGreatest bard=HomerGreatest bard=HomerIliad:Iliad: battle @ Troy w/ young hero: battle @ Troy w/ young hero: AchillesAchillesOdysseyOdyssey: Odysseus & his travels home : Odysseus & his travels home after Troy; 10 year journeyafter Troy; 10 year journey

Ideal: arete=strive for excellence, show Ideal: arete=strive for excellence, show courage & win fame and honorcourage & win fame and honor

Greek city statesGreek city states C-S=polis (50 to 500 sq. miles)C-S=polis (50 to 500 sq. miles) All citizens were to discuss & All citizens were to discuss &

participate in decision making on participate in decision making on public issuespublic issues Male Greek adults (women, Male Greek adults (women,

children, slaves, foreigner)children, slaves, foreigner) Meetings @ agora or AcropolisMeetings @ agora or Acropolis Ideal polis w/ 5 to 10 thou. MenIdeal polis w/ 5 to 10 thou. Men Decisions not made by specific Decisions not made by specific

leaderleader

Evolution of Greek gov’tEvolution of Greek gov’t

1.1. Aristocracy: rule by sm. Aristocracy: rule by sm. Group of noble families Group of noble families who made laws to suit who made laws to suit themselves including themselves including slavery for debtslavery for debt

2.2. Intro. of iron gave ordinary Intro. of iron gave ordinary Greeks opportunity to buy Greeks opportunity to buy weapons because it was weapons because it was cheaper than ______.cheaper than ______. All citizens expected to serveAll citizens expected to serve Foot soldiers=hoplite=phalanxFoot soldiers=hoplite=phalanx Phalanx=most powerful fighting Phalanx=most powerful fighting

machine in the worldmachine in the world

3.3. Tyrants=worked to help sm. Tyrants=worked to help sm. Farmers & artisansFarmers & artisans

4.4. Strong C-S emergedStrong C-S emerged i.e. Sparta & Athensi.e. Sparta & Athens

The MK 15 Phalanx The MK 15 Phalanx Close-In Weapons Close-In Weapons System (CIWS - System (CIWS - pronounced "sea-pronounced "sea-whiz") is a fast-whiz") is a fast-reaction, rapid-fire reaction, rapid-fire 20-millimeter gun 20-millimeter gun system that provides system that provides US Navy ships with a US Navy ships with a terminal defense terminal defense against anti-ship against anti-ship missiles that have missiles that have penetrated other penetrated other fleet defenses. fleet defenses.

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

SpartaSparta Located on PeloponnesusLocated on Peloponnesus Conquered MesseniaConquered Messenia

People treated as slavesPeople treated as slavesHelots & forced to work on land Helots & forced to work on land & never leave& never leave

600 Messenians revolted & out 600 Messenians revolted & out #ed Sp. 8 to 1 but Sparta won#ed Sp. 8 to 1 but Sparta won

Fearful of revolt=Code of Fearful of revolt=Code of LycurgusLycurgus

Lycurgus

Code of Lycurgus (law giver of Sparta)Code of Lycurgus (law giver of Sparta)1.1. Babies inspected @ birth, if unhealthy Babies inspected @ birth, if unhealthy

they were left in the hills to diethey were left in the hills to die2.2. Fit children w/ mom until age 7 then Fit children w/ mom until age 7 then

enter armyenter army One light tunicOne light tunic beds-=benchesbeds-=benches Ate course black porridgeAte course black porridge Expected to steal fr. Farms but Expected to steal fr. Farms but

whipped if caughtwhipped if caught3.3. Age 20 men would marry but had to live Age 20 men would marry but had to live

on base/barracks for 10 more yrs.on base/barracks for 10 more yrs.4.4. After completing full time military After completing full time military

service; remain on active duty for 30 service; remain on active duty for 30 more yrs.more yrs.

5.5. Girls were expected to manage Girls were expected to manage estates; defend themselves; all estates; defend themselves; all same rts as men except the same rts as men except the votevote

Sp. Valued: duty, strength & Sp. Valued: duty, strength & discipline over beauty freedom discipline over beauty freedom and individualityand individuality

AthensAthens Developed democracy: gov’t where Developed democracy: gov’t where

all citizens participateall citizens participate Reformers: Reformers: SolonSolon

1.1. Canceled debt: freed debtorsCanceled debt: freed debtors

2.2. Encouraged grape/olive growth Encouraged grape/olive growth wh/ = tradewh/ = trade

3.3. Every father to teach son a trade Every father to teach son a trade wh/ = industrywh/ = industry All of Solon’s reforms above deal All of Solon’s reforms above deal

w/ ____________.w/ ____________.

4.4. Male citizens could debate & voteMale citizens could debate & vote

5.5. Any citizen could bring charges Any citizen could bring charges against anyone who did wrong against anyone who did wrong (women included in this)(women included in this) Reforms 4-5 deal w/ __________ Reforms 4-5 deal w/ __________

reform.reform. CleisthenesCleisthenes

Council of 500: chosen by lot so Council of 500: chosen by lot so all cit. could eventually serveall cit. could eventually serve

Story TimeStory TimeFIRST INVASIONFIRST INVASION

DARIUSDARIUS

IONIAIONIA

MARATHONMARATHON

6400 PERSIANS6400 PERSIANS

192 ATHENIANS192 ATHENIANS

PHEIDIPPIDESPHEIDIPPIDES

““REJOICE WE CONQUER”REJOICE WE CONQUER”

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

What modern day Olympic event What modern day Olympic event celebrates the bravery of celebrates the bravery of Pheidippides?Pheidippides?

Story TimeStory Time2ND INVASION2ND INVASION

XERXESXERXES

GOLDEN THRONEGOLDEN THRONE

THERMOPYLAETHERMOPYLAE

7000 GREEKS/ATHENIANS7000 GREEKS/ATHENIANS

300 SPARTANS300 SPARTANS

SALAMISSALAMIS

PhilosophersPhilosophers One who loves wisdomOne who loves wisdom

1.1. World was put together in orderly World was put together in orderly fashionfashion

2.2. People could understand w/ reasonPeople could understand w/ reason SocratesSocrates: soldier & stonecutter: soldier & stonecutter

Socratic MethodSocratic Method ? All accepted values of A.? All accepted values of A. 399 BCE @ 70 accused of corrupting 399 BCE @ 70 accused of corrupting

the minds of A. youththe minds of A. youth 501 jurors501 jurors hemlockhemlock

PlatoPlato: 28 when Socrates died: 28 when Socrates died AcademyAcademy The RepublicThe Republic

Farmers & artisan Farmers & artisan ( commoners)( commoners)

Warriors (gifted mind & body)Warriors (gifted mind & body)Ruling class (greatest insight & Ruling class (greatest insight & intellect=philosopher king: man intellect=philosopher king: man or a woman)or a woman)

Aristotle:Aristotle: pupil of Plato (20) pupil of Plato (20) Syllogism: set of logical Syllogism: set of logical

statementsstatements

1.1. All people are mortalAll people are mortal

2.2. Socrates was a personSocrates was a person

3.3. Therefore Socrates was mortalTherefore Socrates was mortal Rational / scientific thoughtRational / scientific thought

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great (taught by Aristotle) (taught by Aristotle) King of MacedonKing of Macedon 20: 336 BCE20: 336 BCE PersiansPersians

40,000 Persian soldiers40,000 Persian soldiers Companions (cavalry)Companions (cavalry) Defeated Darius III: Asia MinorDefeated Darius III: Asia Minor Peace agreement: refused by AlexPeace agreement: refused by Alex All of Persian EmpireAll of Persian Empire

330 BCE went after Darius 330 BCE went after Darius III again; had been III again; had been assassinatedassassinated

Fought 7 yrs. 11,000 milesFought 7 yrs. 11,000 milesFever & died 323 BCE @ 32Fever & died 323 BCE @ 32

Alex become king when: his dad Alex become king when: his dad divorced his mom Olympias and marred divorced his mom Olympias and marred a daughter of high racking noblemana daughter of high racking nobleman

Alex's’ rts in trouble; wife II had a sonAlex's’ rts in trouble; wife II had a son @ festival to celebrate daughter’s @ festival to celebrate daughter’s

wedding a former guardsman stabbed wedding a former guardsman stabbed PhilipPhilip

w/ support of army Alex = kingw/ support of army Alex = king

Ahonen need to knowAhonen need to know