greece vocab slideshow
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Greece Vocabulary #1
Minoans- 1st Greeks, lived on Crete, trade economy & wrote in Linear BKing Minos-King of MinoansHad a palace at Knossos
• Colonies-Greece creates colonies because of a lack of fertile land
• Frescoes-paintings on wet plaster• Knossos Palace-built on a hill, hadrunning water, on island of Crete• Bull Jumping-Athletic/Religious ritual of
Minoan Men
• Mycenaeans-main land Greece, warlike people, tribe-chief : clan-warrior
• Balkan Peninsula-Greece resides on Balkan Peninsula – includes Peloponnesus
• Peloponnesus Peninsula-hand like, lower part of Greece – a Spartan Polis
• Polis-city-state, fort+city+lands+small farms surrounding it
• Agora – market &meeting place• Acropolis-hill on Greek polis. Fort+Temples at top
• Terracing-cutting layers into hills to create farmland
• Monarchy-ruled by one leader like a king or queen• Aristocracy-ruled by “the best” or nobles• Oligarchy-ruled by the few• Tyranny-ruled by a leader who illegally takes
power• Democracy-ruled by the people
Athens stages = MAOTD
• Draco-harsh laws Solon-no slavery for debt, “Draconian Laws” -jury of peers
• Cleisthenes-reforms Athens to gain more power-made Athens more democratic• Helots-peasants/slaves in Sparta-forced to Stay on land and work• Hoplites-standing armies that could affordtheir own weapons, foot soldier
• Myths-stories w/gods to help explain nature, human condition, unexplained
• Oracles-ways in which gods converse with humans
• Zeus- King of the gods-father• Hera-Queen of the gods-mother
• Athena-goddess of war – Athens• Artemis-goddess of hunting, moon
• Apollo-god of music, poetry and light• Aphrodite-goddess of love
• Homer-blind poet, 700s bce, 2 epics Iliad & Odyssey• Iliad-Trojan war horse – Myceneans vs. Trojans• Odyssey-Adventure of Odysseus to get home to wife• Persian Wars – Persians vs. (Athens & Sparta)-Greeks
win• Phalanx-Soldiers standing side by side w/ spear & shield
– most powerful fighting formation in Ancient wars• Battle of Marathon-Greeks vs. Persians, Greeks win
battle, Pheidippides runs 26 mi. from Marathon to Athens to tell news, Greece victorious – defend Athens: this battle gives Greeks hope of beating Persians
• Battle of Thermopylae-300 Spartans vs. Persians• Battle of Salamis-Persian ships had difficulty in the
straits – Greeks defend the strait w/ships with battering rams-Greeks attacked and sank 1/3 Persian ships
• Peloponnesian War-Sparta vs. Athens – Sparta wins• Delian League-Created by Athens - small city-states• Peloponnesian League-Sparta leads w/ small city states• Pericles-great leader of Athens during Golden Age-died
of the plague in Athens during the Peloponnesian War• Golden Age – Great time of achievement & prosperity-Arts &
Science
Greece Vocab #2Columns
• Doric Ionic Corinthian
• Parthenon-temple built on acropolis to honor Athena-built by Pericles w/Delian league $
• Phidias-sculptor - built statue of Athena, Zeus @temple of Olympia
Philosophy • Socrates-Socratic method-question everything-do what is right and consequences
shouldn’t matter, put to death for corrupting youth & going against gods, drinking Hemlock
• Plato-(student of Socrates) wrote down his teachings The Republic-describes a perfect society, founds the Acadamy
• Aristotle-taught Alexander the Great, wrote Ethics & Poetics, starts his own school in Athens, categorizes things in science
Science• Archimedes-Calculate Pi, Water Screw (pump)
used in irrigation, compound pulley• Hippocrates-Father of Medical Science –
Hippocratic Oath-rules and practices doctors should follow
Math• Pathagoras - Pathagorean Theroum A2+B2=C2• Euclid-Father of Geometry, Elements-earliest
known discussion of geometry
History
• Herodotus – Father of History, traveled and wrote first hand accounts Primary vs. Secondary
• Thucydides – writes “History of Peloponnesian War”-believes in circular history
Drama• Aeschyclus-Tragedies (80+ plays) Oresteia-
about Agamemnon’s family during Trojan war• Sophocles – Oedipus Rex (the King) – tragedy
Considered the most influential writers in Greece.
• Euripides tragedy – writes Trojan Women about heroes in a realistic way; shows ugly side of war.
Medea about revenge
• Phillip II of Macedon-held captive in Thebes, goes back home. Takes over Greece except Sparta.
• Alexander the Great – Phillip’s son – takes over & increases empire to Indus River – spreads Hellenism
• Hellenism- Greek + Asian culture – spread throughout Alexander’s Empire