greek pahs
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Ancient Greek Theatre
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Athens, 5th Century BCE
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• Polis: Ancient Greek city-state• Key events in Athens during the 5th century:– Emergence of democracy– The Persian Wars (449 – 499 BCE)– The Peloponnesian War (431 – 401 BCE)
• The Delian League– An association of city-states lead by Athens
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Athenian Culture
• Philosophy– Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
• History– Herodotus
• Art– Sculpture – Architecture– Theatre
• Religion– Polytheistic
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Dionysus• God of theatre, wine, fertility, and ritual madness• Was the son of Zeus, his mother was a mortal woman• Discovered the process of wine-making• Could transform into a lion• Was worshiped at festivals where theatre was performed
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Theatre Festivals• Greek theatre was performed at three
religious festivals throughout the year.• Dramatists competed for awards in writing,
and actors competed for awards in performing.
• At the Great Dionysia, three playwrights would present a trilogy of tragedies and a satyr play.
• Plays were funded by a wealthy citizen-sponsor.
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Greek Theatre at Epidaurus(rebuilt by the Romans)
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Greek Actors
• Thespis was the first winner of the tragic acting contest in 534 BCE
• Each actor played several roles• Masks were used• Costumes were used to show:
– Ethnicity– Gender– Social Role
• All actors were male
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Masks
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Aeschylus
• C. 525 – 455 BCE
• Known for introducing the second actor
• Often described as “the father of tragedy”
• 70 – 80 tragedies are ascribed to him
• 7 are intact
• His most famous work is The Orestia
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Sophocles
• C 497 – 406 BCE
• Reportedly wrote over 120 plays
• 7 survive
• His most famous tragedy is Oedipus Rex
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Oedipus Rex
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Euripides
• 480 – 406 BCE
• Wrote over 90 plays
• 19 survive
• His work was controversial
• He criticized imperialism and war
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Medea
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Aristophanes
• 446 – 386 BCE
• Known for writing comedies
• 11 of his 46 plays survive
• Satirized war, government, and society
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A recent production of Frogs