greek tragedy
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Greek Tragedy. An overview of Ancient Greek Theatre . Ancient Greece. It’s all Greek to Me! Origin of Greek Vocabulary. “theater” -derived from Greek word theatron , “to view as spectators” drama --Greek word meaning “action” hypokrites - the Greek word for “actor” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Greek TragedyAn overview of
Ancient Greek Theatre
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Ancient Greece
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“theater” -derived from Greek word theatron, “to view as spectators”
drama --Greek word meaning “action”
hypokrites - the Greek word for “actor”
First actor to dance was Thespis
It’s all Greek to Me!Origin of Greek Vocabulary
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Quick Facts!Theater began in 5th Century
Athens. It began as a dance, much like tribal
dances elsewhere.Performances began with one actor,
then two. Sophocles was the first to add three actors to any performance.
All actors wore masks to show emotions.
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City of Dionysia (Festival of Dionysus)
Seven days of the year 4 in Spring
(Tragedy) 3 in Winter
(Comedy) Each playwright
presented 3 plays and a satyr play
Performances dedicated to god Dionysus
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Greek Theaters Orchestra Theatron Skene Parados
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The Chorus
In Greek, choros means “dance” not “song” as it does today.
The chorus in Greek plays was a group of dancers originally.
Standard chorus was 12. Sophocles raised it to 15.
Main speaker (Choragus) even had dialogue with the actors
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Greek Theaters Plays were
performed to worship the god Dionysus, the god of wine, fertility in nature, and agriculture.
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Greek Theaters Dionysus, where
many of Sophocles’ plays were performed
Located in Athens
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Greek Theaters, Continued
Ancient Theater of Epidarus, located in a small town near the city of Athens
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Actors & Costumes Actors were male
3 or less on stage at one time
Women could watch plays, but could not participate
Costumes were usually simple
Masks showed identity
Clothing was simple, rarely specialized
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Masks in Greek Drama Different masks for
different plays and roles Men / Women Old / Young Rich / Poor
28 for tragedy plays 44 for comedy plays Some realistic, some
caricatured
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Actors & Costumes
Mosaic of actors from 5th Century – Pompeii, Italy
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Music in TheaterMusic created mood effect
SuspenseRomanceSurpriseWrath
Several Key InstrumentsFluteTrumpetLyrePercussion
Comparative to Oriental sounds
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Famous Playwrights
5th Century BC (499-401)
Aeschylus – tragedy celebrated people
rising above anarchy into civilized society
Euripides – tragedy (deus ex machina
endings)
Sophocles – tragedy Wrote Theban cycle Poetic writing
Aristophanes – comedy First to write
satirical political commentary
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Four Qualities of Greek Drama
1. Performed for special occasions (festivals)
2. Competitive (prizes awarded)
3. Choral (singing was highly valued)
4. Closely associated with religion
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Tragedy: Basic Structure
Prologue: Spoken by 1 or 2 characters before chorus appears.
Parodos: Song sung by chorus as it first enters the orchestra & dances.
First Episode: First of many "episodes," when characters & chorus talk.
First Stasimon: At the end of each episode, other characters usually leave stage, & chorus dances & sings a stasimon, or choral ode. The rest of the play alternates between episodes & stasima, until the final scene...
Exodos: At the play’s end, chorus exits singing a processional song which usually offers words of wisdom related to the play’s actions and outcome.
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Elements of The Tragic Hero
1, Born of nobility 2. Responsible for their own
fate3. Accept death with honor4. Meets a tragic death6. Endowed with a tragic
flaw7. Doomed to make a
serious error in judgment that leads to their downfall.
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Tragic Hero VocabularyAnagoris – Tragic
recognition or insight moment of clarity in the mind of the
tragic hero as he suddenly realizes the web of fate he is entangled
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Tragic Hero VocabularyHubris– Exaggerated self-
pride or self confidence Often results in a fatal retribution and
ultimately the tragic hero’s downfall
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Tragic Hero VocabularyPeripateia– Plot reversal
Pivotal or crucial action on the part of the protagonist that changes the situation from seemingly secure to vulnerable
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Tragic Hero VocabularyHamartia– Tragic Error
Fatal error or simple mistake on the part of the protagonist that eventually leads to the final catastrophe. “A shot that misses the bull’s eye.”
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Characteristics of Sophocles’ Plays
emphasis on individual characters reduced role of chorus complex characters, psychologically well-
motivated characters subjected to crisis leading to
suffering and self-recognition - including a higher law above man
exposition carefully motivated scenes suspensefully climactic action clear and logical poetry clear and beautiful few elaborate visual effects theme emphasized: the choices of
people
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Tragedy: Never Ending!
Kommos: emotional song of sorrowPaean: a hymn appealing to the
gods for assistance
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Greek Mythological Characters
Zeus: supreme deity (god) of Greeks, storm god w/thunderbolt, promiscuous
Athena: virgin goddess of wisdom, warrior, goddess of the arts and of Athens
Apollo: Zeus’s son; god of light, intelligence, healing, the arts; shrine at Delphi
Artemis: Apollo’s twin sister & daughter of Zeus, goddess of chastity
Pan: son of Hermes, god of flocks, head of man & hindquarters & horns of a goat, musician
Hermes: cleverest of gods, ruled with wealth and good fortune, messenger of the gods
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Riddle of the Sphinx Q: What goes on four legs in the
morning, on two legs at noon, and on three legs in the
evening?
A: Man
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Riddle of the Sphinx Q: What goes on four legs in the morning,
on two legs at noon, and on three legs in the evening?