GREEN AUDIT

TEAM MEMBERS:

1. M. Vishnu Priya, Lecturer in Botany

2. M. Bheemalingappa, Lecturer in Botany 3. Y. Manjula Devi, Lecturer in Chemistry

Objectives of the Green Audit:

1. To introduce and aware students to real concerns of environment and its sustainability. 2. To conserve the plant biodiversity and to reduce the effects of pollution & waste disposal.

3. To create a healthy, green and pollution free environment in the college.

4. To reduce the energy consumption

5. To suggest the best practices for adding to sustainable developments.

6. To supply chemical free vegetables to hostel students.

Pre-audit activities :

1. Conducting the pre-audit meeting

2. Planning the audit. The audit plan was designed in such a way that it accommodated

changes based on information gathered during the audit and effective use of resources.

3. Selecting & appointing the audit team and assignment of responsibility to the team.

4. Selecting the auditing site/area.

5. Identification of the scope of auditing.

6. Acquiring background information.

7. Informing the scheduled date of audit to the auditee.

Onsite activities :

1. Site inspection is the important step for onsite activity.

2. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the auditee‟s management controls and risks

associated with their failure were established.

3. Gathering audit evidence i.e, collecting data and information using audit protocol.

4. Communicated with the staff of the auditee to obtain most information.

5. Evaluated the audit evidence against the objectives established for the audit .

Post-audit :

1. Preparing a draft report based on the data collected and producing a final audit report. 2. Preparing an action plan for the flaws.

3. Keep a regular watch on the action plan.

PROCEDURE FOLLOWED:

In order to perform green audit, the methodology included different tools such as the preparation

of questionnaire, physical inspection of the campus, observation and review of the documentation,

interviewing key persons and data analysis, measurements and suggestions.

The study covered the following areas to summarize the present status of environment

management in the campus.

1. Green area management

2. Water management

3. Energy conservation

4. Waste management

5. E-waste management

1. Green area management:

Being a heritage structure, the college finds immense pride in the fact that it has been able

to maintain the pristine state of nature campus. The natural landscape predominates the

campus with a rich biodiversity of flora which is taken care by the dedicated team of Botany

dept. A continuous monitoring of the biodiversity is carried out by the students, teaching and

non-teaching staff.

The college is maintaining a rich floristic diversity with approximately 205 varieties of

documented plants with about 73 trees and other shrubs and herbs.

It is well established with a Central Water Pool in which hydrophytes like Nymphaea, Pistia, ,

Ludwigia, Hydrilla, Marsilia are grown .Plants used for practical syllabus like Rheo discolor,

Asparagus, Aloe vera, Bryophyllum, Ocimum and Cactus plants like Opuntia, Sansveria are

present.

Medicinal plants like Piper betel, Cissus quandangularis, Aloe vera, Euphorbia tirucalli,

Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum, , Gloriosa superb, Costus igneus, , Emblica officinalis,

, Eucalyptus, forest Tulasi, , Bilva, Murrayya , tree are grown.

Ornamental plants like Passiflora, Money plant, Monstera, Dracaena, Royal palms,

Hipiastrum colours, Pandanus spe., Diefenbachia etc.,

Fruit giving plants like Papaya, Banana, Emblica, Elephant Apple are grown.

Organic farming is done on campus to sensitize the students on sustainable

agricultural practices. Biofertilizers like Cow dung, Cow urine, Vermi compost and

Vermiwash are using for better yielding .

Through Eco-club, NCC and NSS, college has organized activities such as Swachh Bharat

Abhiyan, Plantation drives etc., Vanamahotsavam is celebrated every year to spread the

concept of sustainable development and the importance of environment conservation and

management.

Practice of giving planting pots, samplings and bouquets prepared by the students to honor the

guests in various college events is also followed. The audit team observed that taps and ponds are

the major sources of water. Large green area of the college campus allows for percolation of water into the soil there by facilitating the recharge of ground water resources. Water is used for drinking

purposes, canteen, hostel, toilets, laboratory and gardening. Information gathered from all the

departments is analyzed. During the survey, the team observed the following.

The college is situated in a Drought prone area. Therefore, the college took initiative of

conserving and utilizing rainwater for multiple purposes. As a part of this action plan, “Rain

Water Harvesting Pit” is behind Conference hall for the storage of rain water. The rain water

is allowed to flow from the roofs of the buildings is directed into the rainwater harvesting

pits. Some part of the rain water collected is directly used for gardening purpose The waste water

from the hostel kitchen is directed to the kitchen garden for growth of various vegetables.

Plumbing maintenance is done on a regular basis to prevent the wastage of water in the

form of leakages.

In spite of all these, loss of water is observed in the in form of small leakages.

Recommendations :

Need of regular monitoring, controlling overflows, repairing even minute leakages is

essential. There should be a large scale reuse and recycle water system is necessary.

2. Energy Conservation:

College is adopting some initiative to reduce energy consumption. Solar energy panels are

established to utilize the non- renewable energy resources(alternate source of energy resources i.e.,

solar energy. Students are habituated to switch-off the lights and fans when they are not in use.

Recommendations: A centralized switch off panel board should be arranged both in college and

in hostel.

3. Waste Management:

Waste is an obvious culprit and pollutant, contributing to landfills and toxins which harm the

earth’s soil and atmosphere. Keeping in mind, the college took various initiatives to reduce the

dumping of waste.

Green & Safe Laboratories:

In the Chemistry laboratories of our college nearly one 350 students perform practicals per year.

Consequently there is considerable quantity of Chemical wastage and which in turn threatening the

safety of the students, health of students and also contributing to environmental pollution in the

college campus.

In view of the seriousness of the above problem the lecturers of Department of Chemistry have

formed into “Green & Safe Chem Labs” committee. The prime objective of this committee is to

strictly implement the policy of “3Rs – Reduce – Reuse – Recycle and also measures for the

Safety of the students” in the Chemistry laboratories of our college.

I. REDUCE:

We have taken steps for minimizing the usage of Chemicals and Reagents in the day to day

practicals by implementing the following alternative approaches.

In preparing derivatives and preparations only minimal quantities of reactants are taken.

This also reduces the requirement of reagents and also the consumption of fuel.

We are encouraging our students to use 5 ml test tubes in place of conventional 20 ml test

tubes while doing qualitative Organic or Inorganic analysis.

II. REUSE:

We are collecting separately and reusing the preparations /derivatives prepared by a class of

students, by giving them as sample for the qualitative detection of functional groups or

Cation/Anions.

We are collecting the left over volumetric analysis solutions from a batch of students and

reusing them for next batch of students.

We are collecting the left over chemical in Organic or Inorganic analysis in separately

labeled bottles from a batch and reusing these Chemicals for the next batch of students.

III. RE-CYCLE:

Even old stock of Chemical is also used at least for qualitative determinations and no

Chemical is discarded as trash.

No bottle with Chemical is thrown out inside the college campus.

The empty plastic/glass containers and broken glassware are sent to local re-cycling units.

IV. SAFE DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL WASTES:

The sinks are regularly cleaned to facilitate quick drainage of Chemicals from the lab. Students are strictly instructed not to drain Chemicals in „Red List‟. Ex:

a. Compounds of the following elements:- antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron,

b. Cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium,

c. Silver, tellurium, thallium, tin, titanium, uranium, vanadium and zinc.

d. Organohalogen, organophosphorus or organonitrogen pesticides, triazine

e. Herbicides, any other biocides.

The waste acid/alkaline solutions are collected in separately labeled bottles and these

solutions are neutralized before letting them through the sink.

The filter papers and other solid wastes collected from Chemistry labs are being dumped

into a pit dug in a secluded place in the vicinity of Chemistry labs, for it to undergo

biodegradation.

V. INITIATIVES TAKEN FOR SAFETY OF STUDENTS:

We made it mandatory for every student to wear apron in the laboratory. A „First Aid Box‟ with required medicines is kept available in the Chemistry laboratory..

A „Fire Extinguisher is fixed in each of the two laboratories.

“Lab Safety Rules” are written with paint on the inner walls of the two Chemistry

Laboratories.

Solid Waste Management:

As a part of the policy(Reduce, Recycle and Reuse-3R’s Policy) adopted by the college, the

department of Zoology collected the waste material in college and segregated into biodegradable

and non-biodegradable wastes. Vegetable waste and fruit peelings are collected from the hostel and

utilized for Vermicompost and Vermiwash which in turn used for organic farming as biofertilizer

Vermi-composting is a method of preparing enriched compost with the use of earthworms. It is

one of the easiest methods to recycle agricultural wastes and to produce quality compost.

Earthworms consume biomass and excrete it in digested form called worm casts. Worm casts

are popularly called as Black gold. The casts are rich in nutrients, growth promoting substances,

beneficial soil micro flora and having properties of inhibiting pathogenic microbes.

Vermi-wash is a liquid biofertilizer released from earthworms which can be used for the foliage

of plants.

4. e – Waste Management

In recent years the general usage of Computers, Computer accessories, CDs, DVDs, speakers,

mouse, key boards, spikes, Air conditioners, spectrophotometers, digital appliances and other

electronic devices and so on has enormously increased. It is quite natural that any electronic device

works only for a stipulated period and after that it becomes unusable and irreparable. All such

unusable electronic devices and their accessories are categorized as “E – waste”. The main problem

with E – waste is the problem of space. Storing becomes impossible when their quantity increases

to unmanageable level. Hence their disposal becomes mandatory. But the aspect of boon is being

that E – wastes could be put to re-cycling.

Conclusion

Thus through the “Green Audit” of the college campus, the following objectives get full filled.

The information about the wide range of varieties of Plant kingdom being grown in the college campus.

Provides information on the extent of percentage of vegetation in the college campus.

It provides information about the soil fertility and purity of water being used both in college and in hostels.

The procedures adopted so as to keep college campus free from solid waste and their profitable management.

Profitable management of e – waste by sending it for re-cycling.

LIST OF PLANTS IN BOTANICAL GARDEN

S.N

o.

The Plant list Family

Ha

bit Common Name Age

No.

of

indi

vid

ual

s Type

1 Acalypha indica L. Euphorbia

ceae

H Muripinda,

Kuppichettu, Pippili Weed

2

Acalypha wilkesiana

Müll.Arg.

Euphorbia

ceae

S Fire dragon,

copperleaf and Jacob’s

coat 3 300 Ornamental

3 Acriopsis Orchidace

ae

3

4 Adenium obesum (Forssk.)

Roem. & Schult.

Apocynac

eae

H Desert rose, impala

lily 3 1 Ornamental

5 Adiantum sp. Pteridacea

e

H ferns

1 4 Ornamental

6 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa Rutaceae T Maredu, bilvamu 2 2 Medicinal

7 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranth

aceae

H Kondapindi, Pindikoora Medicinal

8

Agave americana L. Asparaga

ceae (Agavace

ae)

H Kala banda

1 Fibre yeilding plant

9 Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth.

Leguminosae

T Tella chinta,

Pasaraganni chettu 3 2 Avenue tree

10 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Legumin

osae

H Dirisenamu 6 2 Avenue tree

11 Allamanda blanchettii A.DC. (= A. violacea Gardner)

Apocynaceae

CS Purple allamanda, Violet allamanda

3 2 Ornamental

12 Allamanda cathartica L. Apocynac

eae

CS Golden trumper vine,

Manjalpatti 6 1 Ornamental

13 Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.)

G.Don

Araceae H Yenuguchevi, chema

2 1 Ornamental

14 Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Xanthorrh

oeaceae H Indian Aloe 1 5 Medicinal

15 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynac

eae T Yedaakulapala,

saptaparni,

paalagarudu 6 4 Medicinal

16 Andrographis lineata Nees Acanthac

eae Tella nelavemu

1 1 Medicinal

17 Annona muricata L. Annonace

ae

S Lakshmanapalamu

2 1 Fruit yeilding plant

18 Annona squamosa L. Annonace

ae

S Seethapalam 6 4 Edible

19 Anthoceros sp. Horn wort 1 30 Ornamental

20 Aponogeton natans (L.) Engl. & K.Krause

Aponogetonaceae

H Neetigogu

1 4 Aquatic

21 Araucaria araucana (Molina) K.Koch

Araucariaceae

T Monkey puzzle 4 1 Ornamental

22 Areca catechu L. Arecaceae T Poka, Vakka 3 1 Edible

23 Artemisia pallens Wall. ex DC.

Compositae H Dhavanam 3 5 Medicinal

24 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.

Moraceae T Jack fruit, Panasa 3 1 Edible

25 Asclepias curassavica L. Apocynac

eae

H Scarlet milkweed 3 1 Ornamental

26 Asparagus gonoclados Baker Asparaga

ceae sataavari

1 1 Medicinal

27 Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop (= Asparagus

plumosus Baker)

Asparagaceae

H Emerald fern, Lavu pilligaddalu

3 1 Medicinal

28

Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop (Asparagus plumosus Baker)

Asparagaceae

S Lavu Pilligaddalu

1 1 Ornamental

29 Asystasia gangetica (L.)

T.Anderson

Asteracea

e

H Chinese violet Weed

30 Averrhoa carambola L. Oxalidace

ae

T star fruit and five-

corner 3 2 Edible

31

Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae T Vepa,

neem, nimtree or Indian lilac 12 18 Medicinal

32 Azolla pinnata R. Br. Salviniace

ae

H Water velvet,

Mosquito Fern 1 300 Biofertilizer

33 Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Plantagin

aceae Jalabramhi,

neelasambrani 1 20 Medicinal

34 Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Poaceae T bamboo 10 20 Timber

35 Barleria montana Nees Acanthac

eae Adavi malle

1 1 Ornamental

36 Basella alba L. (Basella rubra L.)

Basellaceae

H Bachali, Indian

spinach 1 4 leafy vegetables

37

Bauhinia purpurea L. Legumin

osae

T orchid tree, purple

bauhinia, camel's foot, butterfly

tree, and Hawaiian

orchid tree

6 3 Ornamental

38 Bauhinia tomentosa L. Legumin

osae

T Adavi mandaram 5 2 Ornamental

39 Bauhinia variegata L. Legumin

osae

T Devakanchanam, orchid tree 5 1 Ornamental

40 Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. Asparaga

ceae

H the elephant's

foot or ponytail palm 3 1 Ornamental

41

Bergenia pacumbis (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) C.Y.Wu &

J.T.Pan

(=Bergenia ligulata Engl.

Saxifragaceae

H Chinese elephant's ears

Ornamental

42 Boerhaavia elongata Brande

gee

Nyctagina

ceae

H

43 Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctagina

ceae

H punarnava

44 Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Nyctagina

ceae

S Kagithalachettu 6 4 Ornamental

45 Bougainvillea spectabilis Wil

ld.

Nyctagina

ceae

CS kagithala chettu, great

bougainvillea 6 2 Ornamental

46

Bryophyllum pinnatum

(Lam.) Oken (=

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.)

Pers.)

Crassulac

eae

H air plant, cathedral

bells, life

plant, miracle leaf,

Ranapaala 3 120 Medicinal

47 Bulbophyllum Orchidace

ae

48

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.

Leguminosae

T flame-of-the-forest, palash and bast

ard teak 3 1

timber yeilding plant

49

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw.

Leguminosae

S poinciana, peacock flower, red bird of

paradise, Mexican bird

of paradise, dwarf

poinciana, pride of Barbados, flos pavonis

3 2 Medicinal

50

Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae

T tamanu, mastwood, beach

calophyllum, beautyle

af 3 1 Ornamental

51 Calotropis procera (Aiton)

Dryand.

Apocyna

ceae

S Errajilledu

3 1 Medicinal

52 Canna indica L. Cannacea

e

H Mettatamara 3 20 Ornamental

53 Carica papaya L. Caricacea

e

T Boppaya, Paringa

3 3 Edible

54

Carissa carandas L.

Apocyna

ceae

S Bengal

currant, Christ's

thorn,[1] carandas plum and karanda,

Kalivi 3 1 Edible

55 Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae H Pasuputivva,

Noolupogulu 1 10 Weed

56

Casuarina equisetifolia subs

p. incana (Benth.)

L.A.S.Johnson

Casuarina

ceae

T Sarugudu, Australian

pine tree or whistling

pine tree 1 1 Timber

57

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don (=Vinca rosea L.)

Apocynaceae

H Billaganneru, Periwinkle,

Madagascar

periwinkle, Rosy periwinkle, Vinca 5 40 Medicinal

58 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Malvacea

e

T Tellaburuga, Kadhami

1 2 Medicinal

59

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Apiaceae H Gotu

Kola, brahmi, Indian

pennywort 5 20 Medicinal

60 Cereus jamacaru DC. Cactaceae H mandacaru or cardeiro 1 18 Medicinal

61 Cestrum diurnum L. Solanacea

e

S Day Jasmine

3 1 Ornamental

62

Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques

Asparagaceae

H spider plant, airplane plant, St. Bernard's

lily, spider ivy, ribbon

plant 3 20 Medicinal

63

Chrysanthemum indicum L. Composit

ae

(Asterace

ae)

H Chamunti

1 2 Ornamental

64 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ne

es

Lauraceae

T cinnamon,

2 2 spicy

65

Cissus quadrangularis L. Vitaceae H veldt grape, devil's

backbone, adamant creeper, asthisamharak

a, hadjod and pirandai,

Nalleru 3 20 Medicinal

66 Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Rutaceae S Nimma chettu 3 2 Edible

67 Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC.

Ranunculaceae

68 Cleodendron Verbenac

eae

69 Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f.

Lamiaceae

CS bleeding glory-bower 3 5 Ornamental

70 Clitoria ternatea L. Legumino

sae

H Sankupuvulu,

3 20 Medicinal

71 Cocos nucifera L. Arecacea

e

T Coconut, Kobbari

5 1 Timber

72

Codiaeum variegatum (L.)

Rumph. ex A.Juss.

Euphorbia

ceae

S fire croton, garden

croton, or variegated

croton 3 6 Ornamental

73 Coleus forskohlii (Willd.)

Briq.

Lamiacea

e

H Daggaku chettu 3 2 Medicinal

74 Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

Araceae H chama, chema 3 1 Edible

75 Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. Combret

aceae

T qalab/ damas

6 4 Avenue tree

76 Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. Boraginac

eae

T Bankeera, bankapallu

5 3 Edible

77 Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A.Chev.

Asparagaceae

H ti plant, palm lily, cabbage palm

3 1 Ornamental

78 Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Lecythida

ceae

T cannonball tree

79 Crinum asiaticum L. Amaryllid

aceae

1 4 Ornamental

80 Crustose lichen Raatipuvvu 1 10 Spicy

81 Cupressus macrocarpa Hart

w.

Cupressac

eae

T Monterey cypress 3 1 Ornamental

82 Cycas beddomei Dyer Cycadace

ae Pereetha konda eetha

1 1 Medicinal

83 Cycas circinalis L. Cycadace

ae

T queen sago 3 1 Ornamental

84 Dalbergia sissoo DC. Legumin

osae

T biradi, and sisau

85 Datura metel L. Solanacea

e Ummettha, krushna

datura 1 1 Medicinal

86 Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Legumin

osae

T Thurai 10 6 Avenue tree

87 Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindl. ex Wall.

Orchidaceae

H toothbrush orchid

3 2 Ornamental

88 Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.

) Schott

Araceae H dumbcane

3 3 Ornamental

89 Diospyros ebenum J.König

ex Retz.

Ebenacea

e

eboni 6 4 Timber

90

Diospyros malabarica (Desr.

) Kostel.

Ebenacea

e

T gaub tree, Malabar

ebony, black-and-white ebony or pale

moon ebony 6 4

timber yeilding plant

91 Dracaena Liliaceae

92 Dracaena marginata hort. Asparaga

ceae

H dragontree 3 3 Ornamental

93 Dracaena reflexa Lam. Asparaga

ceae

H song of India 3 2 Ornamental

94 Drimiopsis botryoides Baker

(=Drimiopsis kirkii Baker)

Asparaga

ceae

H Giant Squill, Measles

Leaf 6 4 Ornamental

95 Duranta erecta L. Verbenac

eae

S Durantha, Pigeon

berry 1 260 Ornamental

96 Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J.Dransf.

Arecaceae T Areca palm

6 3 Ornamental

97 Enicostemma axillare vellaraagu 1 1 Medicinal

98

Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.

) Haw.

Cactaceae H Dutchman's pipe

cactus or princess of the night, queen of the

nigh 1 1 Ornamental

99 Epipremnum aureum (Linden & André) G.S.Bunting

Araceae CH Money plant

1 4 Ornamental

100 Eria Orchidace

ae

101 Erythrina variegata L. Legumin

osae

T Badisa 6 1 Medicinal

102 Euphorbia grantii Oliv. Euphorbi

aceae H 3 1 Ornamental

103 Euphorbia mellii Ch. Mont. Euphorbi

aceae Crown of thorns

1 40 Ornamental

104 Euphorbia epiphylloides Kur

z

Euphorbia

ceae

H 3 2 Ornamental

105

Euphorbia lactea Haw. Euphorbia

ceae

H mottled spurge, frilled

fan, elkhorn, candelabr

a spurge 3 2 Ornamental

106

Euphorbia leucocephala Lots

y

Euphorbia

ceae

S little Christmas

flower, white lace

euphorbia, snow

bush, snow flake, snows of

Kilimanjaro[1] and wh

ite Christmas bush 3 2 Ornamental

107 Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd

. ex Klotzsch

Euphorbia

ceae

H Poinsettia, Mana

angangbi 5 50 Ornamental

108

Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euphorbiaceae

S aveloz, Indian tree spurge, naked

lady, pencil

tree, pencil cactus, milk bush 3 2 Medicinal

109

Euphorbia trigona Mill. Euphorbia

ceae

S African milk

tree, cathedral

cactus, Abyssinian euphorbia, and high

chaparal 2 2 Ornamental

110 Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns

Euphorbiaceae

S African milk bush

3 2 Ornamental

111 Feronia elephantum Corrêa Rutaceae T Velaga 5 3 Medicinal

112

Ficus amplissima Sm. Moraceae T Indian Bat tree, Indian

Bat fig, Pimpri, Pipri (Piparee), Pipali or

Bilibasari mara 5 3 Medicinal

113 Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae T Marri 5 2 Medicinal

114 Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae T weeping fig, benjamin

fig 3 2 Ornamental

115 Ficus carica L. Moraceae T Fig tree, Anjoor 3 5 Edible

116 Ficus drupacea Thunb. Moraceae T 5 2 Avenue tree

117

Ficus elastica Roxb. ex

Hornem.

Moraceae T rubber fig, rubber

bush, rubber tree, rubber plant,

or Indian rubber

bush, Indian rubber

tree 5 1 Ornamental

118 Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae T Medi 5 1 Edible

119 Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae T Raavi chettu 11 2 Medicinal

120

Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. Asparaga

ceae

S Mauritius hemp,

Giant Cabuya, Green-aloe or Mauritius-

hemp 3 3 Medicinal

121 Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis Rubiacea

e

T

3 4 Medicinal

122 Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.

Leguminosae

T Seemakanuga 6 6 Avenue tree

123

Gomphrena globosa L. Amaranth

aceae

H globe amaranth,

makhmali, and

vadamalli 2 5 Ornamental

124 Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook.

Orchidaceae

1 20 Medicinal

125

Hamelia patens Jacq. Rubiaceae S firebush, hummingbird

bush, scarlet bush,

and redhead 2 1 Ornamental

126

Handroanthus impetiginosus

(Mart. ex DC.) Mattos

(=Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.)

Bignoniac

eae

T Pink Trumpet Tree

127 Helicteres isora L. Malvacea

e Noolikaya

1 1 Medicinal

128 Hemionitis arifolia (Burm. f.) T. Moore

Pteridaceae H 1 2 Medicinal

129 Hibiscus platanifolius (Willd.) Sweet

Malvaceae

T Adavi patti, Kondapatti 1 2 Medicinal

130 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvacea

e H Mandara

3 15 Ornamental

131 Hippeastrum reginae (L.)

Herb.

Amaryllid

aceae

H amaryllis

3 2 Ornamental

132 Hydrangea Hydrange

aceae

3 1 Ornamental

133

Impatiens balsamina L. Balsamin

aceae

H balsam, garden

balsam, rose balsam, touch-me-

not[1] or spotted

snapweed 1 20 Ornamental

134 Ipomea sp.

135 Ipomea sp.2

136 Ixora pavetta Andr. Rubiacea

e

T Nooruvarahalu

3 2 Ornamental

137

Ixora coccinea L. Rubiaceae S jungle geranium, flame

of the woods or jungle flame or pendkuli

3 5 Medicinal

138 Jasminum multiflorum (Burm

.f.) Andrews

Oleaceae CS Virajaji

139

Jasminum officinale L. Oleaceae CS Common jasmine,

summer

jasmine, poet's

jasmine, white jasmine, true

jasmine or jessamine 5 2 Ornamental

140 Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton Oleaceae CS Arabian

jasmine or Sambac

jasmine 5 2 Ornamental

141 Jatropha gossypiifolia L. Euphorbi

aceae

T Bankeera, bankapallu

5 3 Biodesel

142 Jatropha integerrima Jacq. Euphorbia

ceae

H peregrina or spicy

jatropha 2 1 Ornamental

143

Kalanchoe daigremontiana R

aym.-Hamet & H. Perrier

Crassulac

eae

H mother of

thousands, alligator

plant, or Mexican hat

plant 1 70 Medicinal

144

Kleinia grandiflora (wallich ex DC.) N.Rani (= Notonia grandiflora Wall. ex DC.)

Compositae

H Kundeluchevi aaku, kukkasaagava 3 1 Ornamental

145 Knoxia Rubiaceae

146

Lagerstroemia indica L. Lythracea

e

T crape myrtle, crepe

myrtle, crêpe myrtle, or crepeflowe

147

Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.)

Pers.(=Lagerstroemia reginae Roxb.)

Lythracea

e

T giant crepe-

myrtle, Queen's crepe-myrtle, banabá plant,

or pride of India 6 1 Avenue tree

148 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.

Anacardiaceae

T Indian ash tree

6 1 Avenue tree

149 Lawsonia inermis L. Lythracea

e

S Grintaku, Henna,

3 4 Medicinal

150 Ledebouria revoluta (L.f.)

Jessop

Asparaga

ceae

H African hyacinth

151 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam

.) de Wit

Legumin

osae

T Subabul

6 10 Avenue tree

152 Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.) Benth.

Plantaginaceae

Heterophyll aquatic herb 1 3 Aquatic

153 Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Mart.

Arecaceae

T Chinese fan palm or fountain palm

3 1 Ornamental

154 Lycopodium sp. Fern 1 20 Ornamental

155 Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Müll.Arg.

Euphorbiaceae

T Godugu chettu, Konda tamara 1 1 wild

156 Mangifera indica L. Anacardia

ceae

T mango 3 15 Edible

157 Manilkara zapota (L.)

P.Royen (= Achras sapota)

Sapotacea

e

T Sapota

2 10 Edible

158 Marchantia sp. Liver wort 1 60 Ornamental

159

Markhamia lutea (Benth.)

K.Schum.(=Dolichandrone

platycalyx Baker)

Bignoniac

eae

T

2 2 Ornamental

160 Marsilea quadrifolia L. Marsileac

eae

H four leaf clover 2 30 Medicinal

161 Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel

Myrtaceae T tea tree 3 1 Ornamental

162 Melastoma malabathricum L. Melastom

ataceae Indian Rododendron

1 1 Ornamental

163 Melia azedarach L. Meliacea

e

T Konda vepa 5 3 Medicinal

164 Mentha arvensis L. Lamiacea

e

H Pudina

1 40 Edible

165 Michelia champava Lour. ex

Gomes

Magnolia

ceae

T champak, sampenga

3 4 Medicinal

166 Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Bignoniac

eae

T Akasamalli 12 2 Avenue tree

167 Mimosa pudica L. Legumino

sae Attipatti, Tuchme not

1 6 Medicinal

168 Mimusops elengi L. Sapotace

ae

T Pagada/ Kesaramu 6 3 Avenue tree

169 Mirabilis jalapa L. Nyctagina

ceae

H Four O'clock, Japanese

Wonder Flower 3 20 Ornamental

170 Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringac

eae

T Munaga 5 5 Medicinal

171 Muehlenbeckia Polygona

ceae

3 1 Ornamental

172 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae T Karivepaaku, Curry

leaf 3 3 Edible

173

Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Rutaceae T orange jasmine, orange jessamine, china

box or mock orange 3 1 Ornamental

174 Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

Rubiaceae T Kadambamu

6 4 Medicinal

175 Nephrolepis Nephrole

pidaceae

Fern 3 20 Ornamental

176 Nerium oleander L. Apocynac

eae

S Erraganneru 2 6 Medicinal

177 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae T Parijat plant 3 1 Medicinal

178 Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Nymphae

aceae

H water lily, Kaluva, sowgandika 3 2 Medicinal

179 Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze

Menyanthaceae

H Alli tamara

1 3 Medicinal

180 Oberonia Orchidace

ae

181 Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Lamiacea

e

H Thulasi 3 10 Medicinal

182 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thun

b.) Ker Gawl.

Asparaga

ceae

H Snake's Beard, Dwarf

lilyturf 3 150 Ornamental

183 Opuntia Nagajemudu,

bramhajemudu 3 1 Ornamental

184 Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.)

Haw.

Cactaceae S Nagajemudu,

bramhajemudu 3 1 Medicinal

185 Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Hydrocha

ritaceae Yedaakula tamara

1 1 Medicinal

186 Oxystelma esculentum (L. f.)

Sm.

Apocyna

ceae

CH Rosy Milkweed Vine Medicinal

187 Pandanus tectorius

Parkinson ex Du Roi

Pandanac

eae

H screwpine, Tahitian

screwpine 3 1 Medicinal

188 papilionanthe Orchidace

ae

189 Passiflora caerulea L. Passiflora

ceae

CH blue passionfruit; Brazilian passionflowe

r 3 2 Ornamental

190 Peltophorum pterocarpum (

DC.) K.Heyne

Legumin

osae

T Pacha sunkesula

11 16 Avenue tree

191 Pergularia daemia (Forssk.)

Chiov.

Apocynac

eae

CH the trellis-vine

5 2 Medicinal

192 Peridophyte 2 Fern

193 Peridophyte 3 Fern

194 Peridophyte 4 Fern

195 Peridophyte 5 Fern

196 Philodendron erubescens K.Koch & Augustin

Araceae H blushing philodendron 3 1 Ornamental

197 Phoenix loureiroi Kunth Arecaceae T Chittieetha 4 2 Medicinal

198

Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Arecaceae T silver date palm,

Indian date, sugar date palm 5 2 wild

199 Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Phyllanth

aceae

T Racha usiri, Nallikaya

3 2 Medicinal

200 Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.

Phyllanthaceae

H Nela usiri

Medicinal

201 Phyllanthus emblica L. Asparaga

ceae

T Usiri 6 8 Medicinal

202 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis

L.

Phyllanth

aceae

H Nallausiri Medicinal

203 Piper trioicum Roxb. Piperacea

e Pepper

1 4 Spicy

204 Pistia stratiotes L. Araceae Anthara tamara, water

lettuce 1 10 Ornamental

205

Plantago major L. Plantaginaceae

H

broadleaf plantain, white man's foot, or greater plantain 3 15 Ornamental

206 Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br.

Lamiaceae

H Coleus

3 1 Ornamental

207 Plumeria alba L. Apocyana

ceae

Devaganneru 3 30 Ornamental

208

Plumeria pudica Jacq. Apocynaceae

S Golden Arrow or Gilded Spoon, Sri

Supakorn or Pink

pudica 3 10 Ornamental

209 Plumeria rubra L. Apocynac

eae

T Erradevaganneru 5 2 Ornamental

210

Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfa

ni) Sprague

Bignonia

ceae

CS Port St Johns Creeper,

Pink trumpet vine, Zimbabwe creeper

211 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.)

Thwaites

Annonac

eae

T Naramamidi

10 28 Avenue tree

212 Polyscias scutellaria

(Burm.f.) Fosberg

Araliacea

e

S shield aralia, or plum

aralia 3 2 Ornamental

213 Polyscias diversifolia (Blume) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett

Araliaceae

H Ivy Palm, Tumbuh Kelapa

3 1 Ornamental

214 Pongamia pinnata (L.)

Pierre

Legumino

sae

T Kanuga 4 8 Avenue tree

215 Portulaca Portulaca

ceae

216

Portulaca grandiflora Hook. Portulaca

ceae

H Gaddiroja/ Table roja,

Rose Moss, Moss

Rose Purslane, Eleven-o' Clock 3 10 Ornamental

217 Portulaca oleracea L. Portulaca

ceae

H Pappu koora Edible

218 Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. Urticacea

e

S Pilli dumpa

5 3 Ornamental

219 Prosopis cineraria (L.)

Druce

Legumino

sae

T Jammipatri 11 1 Medicinal

220

Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Legumin

osae

S mulla tumma, sarkar

tumma,"chilla chettu","Japan Tumma

Chettu","Seema Jaali",

or "Kampa Chettu

3 1 Weed

221

Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin

Acanthaceae

H Purple false eranthemum, False

eranthemum,

Graptophyllum 3 Ornamental

222

Pseuderanthemum viriduliflo

rum Bremek.

Acanthac

eae

H Purple false

eranthemum, False

eranthemum,

Graptophyllum 3 Ornamental

223 Psidium guajava L. Myrtacea

e

T Jama

1 20 Edible

224 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.

Leguminosae

T Yegi, Yerra yegi,

yegisa, 5 3 Timber

225

Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. Legumin

osae

T red sanders, red

saunders, red

sandalwood, Rakt Chandan, and

saunderswood 3 7 Timber

226 Pterospermum canescens Roxb.

Malvaceae

T Lolugu chettu, Pothadi

chettu 1 1 wild

227 Punica granatum L. Lythracea

e

S Danimma 6 2 Edible

228 Ravenala madagascariensis

Sonn.

Strelitziac

eae

H Traveler's Palm,

Traveler's tree 3 1 Ornamental

229 Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz

Acanthaceae

1 2 Ornamental

230

Ruellia tuberosa L. Acanthaceae

H Waterkanon, Watrakanu, Minnie

Root, Iron root,

Feverroot 3 50 Medicinal

231

Saccharum officinarum L. Poaceae H sugarcane

3 2

Sugar yeilding plant

232 Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Alismatac

eae

1 2 Ornamental

233

Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook.

Asparagaceae

H Elepbant's Toothpick, African Spear,

Cylindrical Snake

Plant 3 40 Ornamental

234

Sansevieria trifasciata Prain Asparaga

ceae

H "mother-in-law's

tongue", "Saint

George's sword" 3 70 Ornamental

235 Sansiviera sp Asparaga

ceae

3

236 Santalum album L. Santalace

ae

T Srigandhamu,

Gandhapuchettu 1 3 Medicinal

237

Saribus rotundifolius (Lam.) Blume (=Livistona rotundifolia (Lam.) Mart.)

Arecaceae

T fan palm

3 1 Ornamental

238 Schefflera Araliacea

e

239 Selaginella sp. Sanjeevini 1 3 Medicinal

240 Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Legumin

osae

H Coffee Senna, coffeeweed, Negro

coffee 6 2 Medicinal

241

Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Leguminosae

T Seemathangedu, Siamese Senna,

Siamese cassia 5

242 Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Legumin

osae

H Coffee Senna, coffeeweed, Negro

coffee 6 2 Medicinal

243 Solanum americanum Mill. Solanacea

e Kaamanchi, kaamini

1 1 Medicinal

244 Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. Composit

ae

H Hare's-lettuce, Milk thistle, Sow thistle

Weed

245

Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A.

Juss.

Meliacea

e

T Somi, Sumi, Rohan

tree, Indian Redwood, Bastard ceda 5 2 Avenue tree

246 Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel Araceae 3 1 Ornamental

247 Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski

Compositae

H Singapore daisy,

Creeping daicy 3 50 Medicinal

248 Swietenia mahogani L. Meliacea

e

T Galimanu, Mahogani,

Pedda akula mahagani 6 4 Avenue tree

249 Syngonium podophyllum Schott

Araceae H arrowhead plant, arrowhead vine

3 2 Ornamental

250 Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Myrtacea

e

T rose apple

3 1 Ornamental

251 Syzygium aromaticum (L.)

Merr. & L.M.Perry

Myrtacea

e

T clove tree

252 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtacea

e

T Neredu 3 10 Edible

253

Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook.f. ex S.Moore

Bignoniaceae

T Caribbean trumpet

tree, silver trumpet tree 5 5 Ornamental

254

Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.)

Bertero ex A.DC.

Bignoniac

eae

T Light Pink, Rosy

Trumpet Tree, Pink Poui, Pink Tecoma

6 3 Ornamental

255

Tabernaemontana divaricata

(L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Apocynac

eae

S Nandivardhanam,

Crape jasmine, Moonbeam, Carnation

of India 3 3 Ornamental

256 Tagetes erecta L. (= Tagetes patula L.)

Compositae

H Banti poolu

3 2 Ornamental

257 Tamarindus indica L. Legumino

sae

T Chintachettu 10 5 Timber

258 Taxus wallichiana Zucc. Taxaceae T yew 3 1 Ornamental

259 Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth

Bignoniaceae

S Swarna ganneru,

Gantapulu 3 5 Ornamental

260

Tecomella undulata (Sm.)

Seem.

Bignoniac

eae

CS Roheda, Honey Tree,

Desert Teak, Marwar

Teak 3 1

261 Tectona grandis L.f. Lamiacea

e

T Teku

5 2 Timber

262 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex

DC.) Wight & Arn.

Combret

aceae

T Tella maddi

6 2 Medicinal

263 Terminalia catappa L. Combreta

ceae

T Badham 10 6 Medicinal

264 Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol.

ex Corrêa

Malvacea

e

T Gangaravi

6 3 Ornamental

265 Thuja occidentalis L. Cupressac

eae

T Thuja, White cedar,

Yellow cedar 1 1 Ornamental

266 Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T.Anderson

Acanthaceae

S The upright Thunbergia 3 1 Ornamental

267

Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr.

(=Tinospora cordifolia (Will

d.) Miers)

Menispermaceae

CS Tippa teega

3 4 Medicinal

268

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray

Compositae

H tree marigold, Mexican tournesol,

Mexican sunflower 3 4 Ornamental

269

Tradescantia spathacea Sw. Commelinaceae

H Moses in the Cradle, Oysterplant, Boatlily,

Moses-in-a-boat 3 120 Ornamental

270

Trianthema portulacastrum L.

Aizoaceae H Desert Horse Purslane, Giant pigweed, Horse-

Purslane Ornamental

271

Tristellateia australasiae A.

Rich.

Malpighia

ceae

CS Australian Gold Vine,

Shower of gold

climber, Vining

Galphimia, Vining Milkweed 3 4

272 Ulphia sp. Smallest angiosperm 1 30 Ornamental

273 Utricularia striatula Lentibular

iaceae H carnivorous plant

1 1 Ornamental

274 Viscum sp. Parsite

275 Vitex negundo L. Lamiacea

e

T Chaste Tree, Five-Leaf

Chaste Tree 3 1

276 Vitex trifolia L. Lamiacea

e

T Niruvavili 3 1

277

Yucca gigantea Lem.

(=Yucca elephantipes Regel

ex Trel.)

Asparaga

ceae

H spineless yucca, soft-

tip yucca, blue-

stem yucca, giant yucca, yucca can

e, and itabo 1 1 Ornamental

278 Ziziphus jujuba Mill.

(=Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)

Rhamnac

eae

S Regi

3 10 Edible

ENERGY AUDIT

ENVIRONMENTAL

AUDIT

1.AIR AUDIT

2.WATER AUDIT

3.SOIL AUDIT

1.AIR AUDIT

2.WATER AUDIT

GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION DEPARTMENT

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER REPORT

REPORT: RO Water collected from the College Hostel and Bore Water given to water testing department. They

performed the following tests. Qualitative tests like – Smell, Colour, turbidity, PH electrical conductivity

Volumetric Analysis – Total dissolved solids, Alkalinity, Total hardness of water, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride,

Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Iron, Sodium, Potassium.

Parameter Unit Test Remarks Requirement Methods

Physical & Chemical *):

Colour Pt. Co scale 3 15 Colorimetric

Odour Pt. Co scale negative odourless Organoleptic

pH Pt. Co scale 6.50 6.5-8.5 Electrometric

Taste Pt. Co scale normal tasteless Organoleptic

Turbity FTU 1 5 Turbidity

Aluminum mg/l below 0.20 0.2 AAS

Copper mg/l below 0.03 1.0 AAS

Iron Total mg/l below 0.04 0.3 AAS

Manganese mg/l 0.06 0.1 AAS

Sodium mg/l 96.93 200 AAS

Zinc mg/l 0.047 5 AAS

Chloride mg/l 140.41 250 Argentometric

Flouride mg/l 0.09 1.5 Colorimetric

Nitrate mg/l below 0.11 10 Colorimetric

Nitrite mg/l 0.96 1 Colorimetric

Sulphate mg/l below 0.94 400 Turbidimetric

Arsenic mg/l below 0.001 0.05 AAS

Barium mg/l below 0.10 1 AAS

Cadmium mg/l below 0.005 0.005 AAS

Cyanide mg/l below 0.01 0.1 Colorimetric

Chrom Hexavalent mg/l below 0.006 0.05 Colorimetric

Lead mg/l below 0.01 0.05 AAS

Mercury mg/l below 0.001 0.001 AAS

Selenium mg/l below 0.007 0.01 AAS

Organic Matter by KMnO4 mg/l 3.06 10 Permanganantometric

Dissolved Solid mg/l 431 1000 Gravimetric

Hydrogen Sulphide as H2S mg/l below 0.01 0.05 Colorimetric

Total Hardness mg CaCO3 95.49 500 AAS

Bacteriological:

Total Bacteria per ml 6.9 x 102 1.0 x 102 Pour Plate

Coliform per 100 ml nil nil Filtration

E. Coli per 100 ml nil nil Filtration

Salmonella sp per 100 ml negative negative Filtration

DRINKING WATER STANDARDS

PARAMETER UNIT LIMIT

Aluminium mg Al/l 0.2

Arsenic mg As/l 0.05

Barium mg Ba/l 0.05

Berylium ug Be/l 0.2

Cadmium ug Cd/l 5.0

Calcium mg Ca/l 200.0

Chromium mg Cr/l 0.05

Copper mg Cu/l 1.0

Iron Total mg Fe/l 0.3

Lead mg Pb/l 0.01

Magnesium mg Mg/l 150.0

Manganese mg Mn/l 0.1

Mercury ug Hg/l 1.0

Selenium mg Se/l 0.01

Sodium mg Na/l 200.0

Zinc mg Zn/l 5.0

Chlorides mg Cl/l 250.0

Cyanide mg Cn/l 0.1

Fluorides mg F/l 1.5

Nitrates mg NO3/l 10.0

Nitrites mg NO2/l -

Sulphates mg SO4/l 400.0

Suphides mg H2S/l 0

TOTAL "drins" ug/l 0.03

TOTAL "ddt" ug/l 1.0

Hydrocarbons mg/l 0.1

Anionic Detergents mg/l 0

pH 9.2

Total dissolved solids mg/l 1500

Total hardness mg/l 500

Alkalinity mg/l 500

MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Total Bacteria Count/ml 100

Coliform Count/100ml 0

E. Coli Count/100ml 0

Salmonella Count/100ml 0

RO WATER

SL.NO. NAME OF THE TEST STANDARD VALUE OBTAINED VALUE 1. Colour Colourless Colourless 2. Odour Odourless Odourless 3. pH 6.5-8.5 6.35 4. Taste tasteless Tasteless 5. Turbidity 5 00

6. EC 160

7 Total Dissolved salts 1500mg/ml 10.3

8. Total Alkalinity 500mg/ml 80

9. Total Hardness 500mg/ml 52

10. Calcium 16

11. Magnesium 2.9

12. Fluoride 1.5 mg F/l ---

13. Chloride 250.0 mg Cl/l 42.5

14. Sulphates 400.0mg/ml 00

15. Nitrates 10.0mg/ml 0.9

16. Iron 0.3 mg Fe/l 0.07

17. Sodium 200.0 mg Na/l --

18. Potassium --

BORE WATER SL.NO. NAME OF THE TEST STANDARD VALUE OBTAINED VALUE

1. Colour Colourless Colourless 2. Odour Odourless Odourless 3. pH 6.5-8.5 6.35 4. Taste tasteless Tasteless 5. Turbidity 5 2

6. EC 1954

7 Total Dissolved salts 1500mg/ml 12.60

8. Total Alkalinity 500mg/ml 540

9. Total Hardness 500mg/ml 342

10. Calcium 16

11. Magnesium 85.5

12. Fluoride 1.5 mg F/l --

13. Chloride 250.0 mg Cl/l 275

14. Sulphates 400.0mg/ml 70

15. Nitrates 10.0mg/ml 5.2

16. Iron 0.3 mg Fe/l 0.0

17. Sodium 200.0 mg Na/l --

18. Potassium --

FEW STUDENTS PROJECT CERTIFICATES

1.SOIL AUDIT